A brief discussion of AI and its future. Evolution of AI and singularity. The path to human immortality. Post human.

1. Dr. Len Mei
2024/4/2

2. Intelligence is the capability of
reasoning, creation, thinking, learning,
analysis, deciphering, prediction,
perception, problem solving,
memorizing, deduction, communicating
and many other.
Human possess the highest intelligence
among living beings.

3. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence
created by human.
The AI possessing all qualities of human
intelligence is called the Artificial
General Intelligence (AGI).
The AI possessing some but not all
qualities of human intelligence is called
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI).

4. world
Digital data
AI models AI
Hardware and software

5.  AI needs data.
 Today, data for AI are all digital.
 Digital data are generated by:
digital processes such as audio/video streaming,
online shopping/payment,and banking, on-line
meeting, use of internet, social media,messages and
emails,etc.,
using equipment, such as computer, cell phone,
camera,etc
 This process is called digital transformation-
integrating digital technologies into
everything.

6. 40 ZB
1 ZB = 1021 Byte
2025 => 200 ZB

8. AI models
(algorithm)
(ML,DL)
data response
 Two types of AI models:
 Symbolic: without neural network,–
decision trees,random forecast,support
vector machines etc.
 Neural : with neural network,transformer
Hardware

9. Synapses –
Send outputs
Dendrites -
Receive inputs
from input layer
Output
Input

10. Artificial neural network
Human neural network
86 billion neurons
layer
10 million neurons

11. The ANN consists of connected nodes
called neurons.
Each node has inputs and outputs.
Nodes are organized in layers - input
layers, hidden layers and output layers.
When there are many layers, it is called
deep learning.
The most advanced ANN has 100 layers.

12.  https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ab
g8836
5 nm
Biological neuron Semiconductor neuron

14. AI Brain
Neurons 107 1011

15. 2024
https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/2330/when
-will-the-number-of-neurons-in-ai-systems-equal-
the-human-brain
AI
Progress of AI
https://dmitry.ai/t/topic/206

16. Progress of digital transformation is
made possible by semiconductor
technology.
1970 5µm 1,000 transistors/chip
2024 5nm 60 billion transistors/chip

17.  Semiconductor technology is reaching its limit.
 New technologies to bridge the gap:
Quantum computer
DNA computing
 DNA computing has the potential to grow AI to exceed
human intelligence

19.  Quantum computing and AI are both transformational
technologies and artificial intelligence needs quantum computing
to achieve significant progress.
 https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/technology/digital-
world/quantum-computing-and-ai/
Quantum computer race

20. Amazon

27. DNA computing uses
DNA,
biochemistry, and
biological molecules
It uses necleobase code
(ATCG) instead of binary
code (0,1)

29. 01 ATCG

30.  Binary code (0,1), 1 Byte= 28 or
256.
 Nucleobase code (A,T,C,G).
Every base has 4 bits
(AT,TA,CG,GC).
 Therefore,4 bases = 256
combinations or 1 Byte.
T A
G C
2 nm
A T

31. https://bpb-ca-
c1.wpmucdn.com/myrivers
ide.sd43.bc.ca/dist/a/1967/
files/2019/02/Untitled-
picture-rp7t4z-768x852.jpg

32. Make DNA logic gates by using an
enzyme.
Assemble digital circuits such as an ALU.

33. https://www.nature.com/a
rticles/s41467-019-13310-
2#Fig1

34. In 2019, computer scientists at the
University of California at Davis and
Caltech have synthesized DNA molecules
that can self-assemble into structures by
essentially running their own program
using six-bit inputs.
Microsoft has a programming
language for DNA computing.

37. DNA digital data storage is a
synthesized strands of DNA to store
digital data.
In June 2019, 16 GB of text
from Wikipedia's English-language
version had been encoded into synthetic
DNA.
In 2021, a DNA data writer had been
developed that was capable of writing
data into DNA at 18 Mbps.

39.  High density storage
 Easy to produce synthetic DNA – self-
replicating
 It is possible to store the content of entire brain
in a comparable size DNA media

40.  Build DNA computer by synthesizing DNA helix
 Use nature DNA structures such as brains. This
approach has the advantage of acquiring all
human intelligence not attainable by other
means, such as creativity, emotion, conscience,
etc.

41. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a
device that translates neuronal
information into digital commands.
Content of a brain can be copied to
computer storage, and it can be copied
to another brain.

42. Miguel Nicolelis,a reknown
Brazilian scientist in Duke
University in BCI research (Ph.D.
USP 1989)
On August 3, 2010, Nicolelis was
awarded an NIH (National Insitute of
Health) Director's Pioneer Award for
his research on BCI technology.
On January 5, 2011, Dr. Nicolelis was
appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as a
member of the Pontifical Academy of
Sciences

43. In 2013, Nicolelis reported the brain to
brain communication between two rats
using BCI.This result demonstrates the
feasibility of a biological
computer consisting of a network of
animal, or human brains.
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Nicolelis

46. The 2045 Movement -

47.  Elon Musk created a new company Neurlink

48. Implant allows mobility
and data update in real
time.

50.  A digital twin is a digital representation of
an intended or actual real-world physical
object.
 A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a
intertwined system of physical object and
its digital twin.

52. With deep fake,you
cannot believe anything
you see or hear.

53. There are some technologies that allow
people to have a virtual conversation
with a deceased loved one.

54. AI IQ in verbal
2016 – 47.28
2023 – 155 verbal
2016

55. When AI exceeds human intelligence,
there will be post human – the integrated
human and AI.
Post-human is human beings enhanced
by AI.
Post-human species will have the
capability to colonize and migrate to
other planets beyond the solar system.
It is a big step for human but a small step
for evolution in the universe.

56. By 2056, AI neurons will exceed human
brain neurons.
When AI exceeds human intelligence, the
event is called Singularity.
After singularity, human may lose control
of AI.
It is possible that singularity will occur in
the second half of this century.

57. 2024
AI
Progress of AI
singularity
Quantum AI /DNA AI takes
over
Post human

58. Dinosaur appeared 233 millions years
ago, and became extinct 64 millions
years ago. It existed for 167 millions
years.
Human appeared 300,000 years ago,
coexisted with Neanderthal, which was
extinction 40,000 years ago.
Human has 2% Neanderthal genes.
Post human will have human genes and
artificial genes. It is the next step of
evolution.