The document discusses various aspects of intelligence, highlighting the distinction between human intelligence and artificial intelligence, which can be categorized into artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial narrow intelligence (ANI). It also covers the importance of digital transformation, advancements in semiconductor technology, and emerging computational methods like DNA computing and quantum computing, which may surpass human capabilities. Furthermore, it explores the concept of post-human evolution, where humans enhanced by AI could potentially colonize other planets, foreshadowing a future event termed singularity where AI may exceed human intelligence.

1. Dr. Len Mei
2024/4/2

2. Intelligence is the capability of
reasoning, creation, thinking, learning,
analysis, deciphering, prediction,
perception, problem solving,
memorizing, deduction, communicating
and many other.
Human possess the highest intelligence
among living beings.

3. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence
created by human.
The AI possessing all qualities of human
intelligence is called the Artificial
General Intelligence (AGI).
The AI possessing some but not all
qualities of human intelligence is called
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI).

4. world
Digital data
AI models AI
Hardware and software

5.  AI needs data.
 Today, data for AI are all digital.
 Digital data are generated by:
digital processes such as audio/video streaming,
online shopping/payment,and banking, on-line
meeting, use of internet, social media,messages and
emails,etc.,
using equipment, such as computer, cell phone,
camera,etc
 This process is called digital transformation-
integrating digital technologies into
everything.

6. 40 ZB
1 ZB = 1021 Byte
2025 => 200 ZB

8. AI models
(algorithm)
(ML,DL)
data response
 Two types of AI models:
 Symbolic: without neural network,–
decision trees,random forecast,support
vector machines etc.
 Neural : with neural network,transformer
Hardware

9. Synapses –
Send outputs
Dendrites -
Receive inputs
from input layer
Output
Input

10. Artificial neural network
Human neural network
86 billion neurons
layer
10 million neurons

11. The ANN consists of connected nodes
called neurons.
Each node has inputs and outputs.
Nodes are organized in layers - input
layers, hidden layers and output layers.
When there are many layers, it is called
deep learning.
The most advanced ANN has 100 layers.

12.  https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ab
g8836
5 nm
Biological neuron Semiconductor neuron

14. AI Brain
Neurons 107 1011

15. 2024
https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/2330/when
-will-the-number-of-neurons-in-ai-systems-equal-
the-human-brain
AI
Progress of AI
https://dmitry.ai/t/topic/206

16. Progress of digital transformation is
made possible by semiconductor
technology.
1970 5µm 1,000 transistors/chip
2024 5nm 60 billion transistors/chip

17.  Semiconductor technology is reaching its limit.
 New technologies to bridge the gap:
Quantum computer
DNA computing
 DNA computing has the potential to grow AI to exceed
human intelligence

19.  Quantum computing and AI are both transformational
technologies and artificial intelligence needs quantum computing
to achieve significant progress.
 https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/technology/digital-
world/quantum-computing-and-ai/
Quantum computer race

20. Amazon

27. DNA computing uses
DNA,
biochemistry, and
biological molecules
It uses necleobase code
(ATCG) instead of binary
code (0,1)

29. 01 ATCG

30.  Binary code (0,1), 1 Byte= 28 or
256.
 Nucleobase code (A,T,C,G).
Every base has 4 bits
(AT,TA,CG,GC).
 Therefore,4 bases = 256
combinations or 1 Byte.
T A
G C
2 nm
A T

31. https://bpb-ca-
c1.wpmucdn.com/myrivers
ide.sd43.bc.ca/dist/a/1967/
files/2019/02/Untitled-
picture-rp7t4z-768x852.jpg

32. Make DNA logic gates by using an
enzyme.
Assemble digital circuits such as an ALU.

33. https://www.nature.com/a
rticles/s41467-019-13310-
2#Fig1

34. In 2019, computer scientists at the
University of California at Davis and
Caltech have synthesized DNA molecules
that can self-assemble into structures by
essentially running their own program
using six-bit inputs.
Microsoft has a programming
language for DNA computing.

37. DNA digital data storage is a
synthesized strands of DNA to store
digital data.
In June 2019, 16 GB of text
from Wikipedia's English-language
version had been encoded into synthetic
DNA.
In 2021, a DNA data writer had been
developed that was capable of writing
data into DNA at 18 Mbps.

39.  High density storage
 Easy to produce synthetic DNA – self-
replicating
 It is possible to store the content of entire brain
in a comparable size DNA media

40.  Build DNA computer by synthesizing DNA helix
 Use nature DNA structures such as brains. This
approach has the advantage of acquiring all
human intelligence not attainable by other
means, such as creativity, emotion, conscience,
etc.

41. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a
device that translates neuronal
information into digital commands.
Content of a brain can be copied to
computer storage, and it can be copied
to another brain.

42. Miguel Nicolelis,a reknown
Brazilian scientist in Duke
University in BCI research (Ph.D.
USP 1989)
On August 3, 2010, Nicolelis was
awarded an NIH (National Insitute of
Health) Director's Pioneer Award for
his research on BCI technology.
On January 5, 2011, Dr. Nicolelis was
appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as a
member of the Pontifical Academy of
Sciences

43. In 2013, Nicolelis reported the brain to
brain communication between two rats
using BCI.This result demonstrates the
feasibility of a biological
computer consisting of a network of
animal, or human brains.
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Nicolelis

46. The 2045 Movement -

47.  Elon Musk created a new company Neurlink

48. Implant allows mobility
and data update in real
time.

50.  A digital twin is a digital representation of
an intended or actual real-world physical
object.
 A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a
intertwined system of physical object and
its digital twin.

52. With deep fake,you
cannot believe anything
you see or hear.

53. There are some technologies that allow
people to have a virtual conversation
with a deceased loved one.

54. AI IQ in verbal
2016 – 47.28
2023 – 155 verbal
2016

55. When AI exceeds human intelligence,
there will be post human – the integrated
human and AI.
Post-human is human beings enhanced
by AI.
Post-human species will have the
capability to colonize and migrate to
other planets beyond the solar system.
It is a big step for human but a small step
for evolution in the universe.

56. By 2056, AI neurons will exceed human
brain neurons.
When AI exceeds human intelligence, the
event is called Singularity.
After singularity, human may lose control
of AI.
It is possible that singularity will occur in
the second half of this century.

57. 2024
AI
Progress of AI
singularity
Quantum AI /DNA AI takes
over
Post human

58. Dinosaur appeared 233 millions years
ago, and became extinct 64 millions
years ago. It existed for 167 millions
years.
Human appeared 300,000 years ago,
coexisted with Neanderthal, which was
extinction 40,000 years ago.
Human has 2% Neanderthal genes.
Post human will have human genes and
artificial genes. It is the next step of
evolution.