A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRADIALYTIC EXERCISE ON MUSCLE CRAMPS AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS IN SELECTED HOSPITAL,CHENNAI
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Muscle Strength and Quality of Life ...kacm20
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Muscle Strength and
Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Airflow Limitation:
a Randomized Controlled Trial
Colonoscopic localisation accuracy for colorectal resectionsDamian Ianno
The Australasian Students’ Surgical Conference (ASSC) is the leading surgical conference for medical students in Australia and New Zealand. ASSC is designed to coincide yearly with the RACS Annual Scientific Conference and was held this year in Perth, Western Australia from 1-3 May 2015.
Post exercise cold water immersion benefits are not greater than the placebo ...Fernando Farias
A recovery placebo administered after an acute high-intensity interval training
session is superior in the recovery of muscle strength over 48 h as compared with TWI and is as effective as CWI. This can be attributed to
improved ratings of readiness for exercise, pain, and vigor, suggesting that the commonly hypothesized physiological benefits surrounding
CWI are at least partly placebo related.
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Muscle Strength and Quality of Life ...kacm20
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Muscle Strength and
Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Airflow Limitation:
a Randomized Controlled Trial
Colonoscopic localisation accuracy for colorectal resectionsDamian Ianno
The Australasian Students’ Surgical Conference (ASSC) is the leading surgical conference for medical students in Australia and New Zealand. ASSC is designed to coincide yearly with the RACS Annual Scientific Conference and was held this year in Perth, Western Australia from 1-3 May 2015.
Post exercise cold water immersion benefits are not greater than the placebo ...Fernando Farias
A recovery placebo administered after an acute high-intensity interval training
session is superior in the recovery of muscle strength over 48 h as compared with TWI and is as effective as CWI. This can be attributed to
improved ratings of readiness for exercise, pain, and vigor, suggesting that the commonly hypothesized physiological benefits surrounding
CWI are at least partly placebo related.
Using Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) to Enhance Postoperative OutcomesWellbe
Speaker: Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil, senior staff anesthesiologist at the McGill University Health Centre
Cost: Complimentary, sponsored by Wellbe
There is strong evidence that many of aspects of surgical care have little evidence, and therefore the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program has been set up to accelerate the recovery process and decrease the rate of postoperative complications. There is an opportunity to improve outcomes by using team approach and revision of the standard procedures.
Learn about:
– The elements of ERAS protocols
– How to structure the Team approach
– The role of the patient in ERAS
– How to perform an audit of your program
About the Speaker:
Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil, is Professor of Anesthesia at McGill University and Associate Professor in the School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition at McGill University and a senior staff anesthesiologist at the McGill University Health Centre. He is currently an Elected Member of the American Academy of Anesthesia and a Board Member of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society. Dr. Carli completed his medical training and anesthesia training in Turin, Italy, Paris, France, and London, England. He completed a Master’s Degree in surgical metabolism at the University of London, England.
His research interests are: metabolic changes associated with surgery and the impact of perioperative interventions (regional analgesia, nutrition, hormones, exercise) on postoperative recovery; evaluation of functional outcome measures during the surgical recovery process; prehabilitation of surgical patients. He is the author of over 250 peer-review scientific articles and has been a recipient of over 50 peer and non peer-review grants.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy- 6 Months Follow up Using Resisted Exercises a...inventionjournals
Introduction: An alarming global increase in type 2 diabetes, with second maximum known diabetic subjects in India, peripheral neuropathy which remain unfocussed with complications such as falls, ulcers, amputation, decreased mobility, dependence for ADL and disability associated along with. Aims and Objectives of This Research: To analyse obesity, glycemic control and neuropathy on a diabetic subject. Materials and Methodology: This original study was on a subject for 30 years with known type 2 diabetes and for 10 years with peripheral neuropathy, where the impact of resisted exercises and Proprioceptive training were analysed for 6 months period from October 2016 to March 2017. Results: A marginal reduction in obesity and improved glycemic control by 0.5% and slight lowering of Toronto clinical scoring system for diabetic neuropathy were recorded. Conclusion: The findings of this study could implicate benefits of larger population in the society as nearly 50% of diabetic develop neuropathy. Also this was an innovative and first research study among diabetic neuropathy subjects using RET and proprioceptive exercises. Key Words: HbA1C – Glycosylated Hemoglobin, IDF - International Diabetes Federation, TCSS - Toronto clinical scoring system, BMI – Body Mass Index, WC – Waist Circumference, UKPDS – United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, NCV – Nerve Conduction Velocity, ACSM – American College of Sports Medicine, TENS – Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, VAS – Visual Analogue Scale, ADL – Activities of Daily Life
A talk by Olle Ljungqvist at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All available content from SSAI2017: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Delivered in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI & SFAI.
The Mini-Gastric Bypass:Best Treatment Type 2 Diabetes MellitusDr. Robert Rutledge
The Mini-Gastric Bypass:Best Treatment Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Dr K S Kular
Kular Medical Education & Research Society ,
Kular Group of Institutes ,
drkskular@gmail.com
www.kularhospital.com
Using Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) to Enhance Postoperative OutcomesWellbe
Speaker: Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil, senior staff anesthesiologist at the McGill University Health Centre
Cost: Complimentary, sponsored by Wellbe
There is strong evidence that many of aspects of surgical care have little evidence, and therefore the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program has been set up to accelerate the recovery process and decrease the rate of postoperative complications. There is an opportunity to improve outcomes by using team approach and revision of the standard procedures.
Learn about:
– The elements of ERAS protocols
– How to structure the Team approach
– The role of the patient in ERAS
– How to perform an audit of your program
About the Speaker:
Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil, is Professor of Anesthesia at McGill University and Associate Professor in the School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition at McGill University and a senior staff anesthesiologist at the McGill University Health Centre. He is currently an Elected Member of the American Academy of Anesthesia and a Board Member of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society. Dr. Carli completed his medical training and anesthesia training in Turin, Italy, Paris, France, and London, England. He completed a Master’s Degree in surgical metabolism at the University of London, England.
His research interests are: metabolic changes associated with surgery and the impact of perioperative interventions (regional analgesia, nutrition, hormones, exercise) on postoperative recovery; evaluation of functional outcome measures during the surgical recovery process; prehabilitation of surgical patients. He is the author of over 250 peer-review scientific articles and has been a recipient of over 50 peer and non peer-review grants.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy- 6 Months Follow up Using Resisted Exercises a...inventionjournals
Introduction: An alarming global increase in type 2 diabetes, with second maximum known diabetic subjects in India, peripheral neuropathy which remain unfocussed with complications such as falls, ulcers, amputation, decreased mobility, dependence for ADL and disability associated along with. Aims and Objectives of This Research: To analyse obesity, glycemic control and neuropathy on a diabetic subject. Materials and Methodology: This original study was on a subject for 30 years with known type 2 diabetes and for 10 years with peripheral neuropathy, where the impact of resisted exercises and Proprioceptive training were analysed for 6 months period from October 2016 to March 2017. Results: A marginal reduction in obesity and improved glycemic control by 0.5% and slight lowering of Toronto clinical scoring system for diabetic neuropathy were recorded. Conclusion: The findings of this study could implicate benefits of larger population in the society as nearly 50% of diabetic develop neuropathy. Also this was an innovative and first research study among diabetic neuropathy subjects using RET and proprioceptive exercises. Key Words: HbA1C – Glycosylated Hemoglobin, IDF - International Diabetes Federation, TCSS - Toronto clinical scoring system, BMI – Body Mass Index, WC – Waist Circumference, UKPDS – United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, NCV – Nerve Conduction Velocity, ACSM – American College of Sports Medicine, TENS – Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, VAS – Visual Analogue Scale, ADL – Activities of Daily Life
A talk by Olle Ljungqvist at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All available content from SSAI2017: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Delivered in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI & SFAI.
The Mini-Gastric Bypass:Best Treatment Type 2 Diabetes MellitusDr. Robert Rutledge
The Mini-Gastric Bypass:Best Treatment Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Dr K S Kular
Kular Medical Education & Research Society ,
Kular Group of Institutes ,
drkskular@gmail.com
www.kularhospital.com
QUALITY OF LIFE AS A PREDICTOR OF POST OPERATIVE OUTCOME FOLLOWING REVASCULAR...Shantonu Kumar Ghosh
World Health Organization (WHO) defines quality of life as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns.8
QOL encompasses the concept of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and other domains such as environment, family and work. HRQOL is the extent to which one’s usual or expected physical, emotional and social well-being is affected by a medical condition or its treatment.9
For patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD), quality of life (QoL) has become as important as medical outcome end points, such as mortality and morbidity, to evaluate the effect of disease and treatment.10
class GERONTOLOGICAL NURSINGJournal Article Summary AssignmentT.pdflanuszickefoosebr429
class GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
Journal Article Summary Assignment:
The purpose of the journal article summary assignment is for students to improve their
knowledge of evidence-based geriatric nursing practice and evidence-based protocols.
Students will review evidence-based literature and reflect on how the literature impacts
their professional nursing practice. Students will summarize two articles published in a
peer-reviewed journal within the last 10 years. The journal articles must address the
geriatric population. Topics will be chosen from the provided list (unless prior approval is
given), and the topic may not be repeated on the two journal article summaries. The
student should summarize each article and discuss how the findings are significant to
clinical practice. Article summaries should use APA format (double spaced, but no cover
page) and should be no more than 3 pages. The two article summaries are 10% of the total
class grade (2 x 5%).
Journal summaries should use the following format:
• Purpose: Describe the purpose of the article/study.
• Strength of Evidence: Identify the type of evidence used to support the findings, and
the strength of the evidence. If the article is based on research, describe the study
design, setting, subjects, and sample size.
• Results: Summarize the findings of the study.
• Limitations: Identify study limitations that may weaken evidence or limit
generalizability.
• Significance: Describe how the findings are significant to geriatric nursing practice.
Do the findings represent a change in practice and how do the findings inform your
nursing practice (what did you learn)?
Topics for journal article summaries and class presentations choose one of those topic and APA
styles
• Pain
• Heart Failure
• Stroke
• Substance/Alcohol Abuse
• Urinary Incontinence
• Sexuality Issues
• Frailty/Fall Risk
• Iatrogenesis
• Sleep Disturbances
• Nutrition
• Hydration
• Orthostatic Hypotension
• Dementia
• Vision
• Hearing
• Polypharmacy
• Cultural Considerations
• Elder Communities
Solution
Ques-1: Purpose:
The purpose of the article is to examine the evidence-based practice of geriatric patients who
have been suffering from “urinary tract infection induced- urinary incontinence”. So that
catheterization of urinary tract have reduce urinary incontinence in geriatric patients thereby it is
essential implement to procedures to reduce urinary infection induced incontinence using
catheters for overflow incontinence
Ques-2:
Catheterization regimen:
\"RCT\" (simple randomized control design) and randomized trial: These two methods used
synonymously. However, it has illustrated that RCT is pertaining to trail design that include
control groups. In this design, patient groups who are receiving experimental treatment compared
with control groups (placebo groups).
In the above design it has clearly can be seen a randomized RCT was performed in two intensive
units of respiratory care of total 2990 bedded tertiary referral medical ce.
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Fatigue among the Patients Undergoing H...ijtsrd
AIM The present study aim is to assess the Effectiveness of olive oil massage on fatigue among the patients undergoing Haemodialysis at SMCH. METHODS AND MATERIALS A Quantitative with experimental one group pre test post test was used in present study. A Total 30 samples were collected using convenience sampling technique. The demographic variable Assessment of level of fatigue among patients undergoing haemodialysis, Effectiveness of olive oil massage on level of fatigue among patients undergoing haemodialysis was assessed using structured questioner, followed by that data was gathered and analysed. RESULTS The results the study revealed that there is a significant of Effectiveness of olive oil massage on level of fatigue among patients undergoing haemodialysis at the level of p 0.001. CONCLUSION Thus, the present despites that there is a difference in effectiveness of olive oil massage between the pre test and post test which clearly interferes that effectiveness of olive oil massage on fatigue among the patients undergoing haemodialysis was found effective in reducing the fatigue in haemodialysis patients in the post test. Dr. S. Tamilselvi | Ms. S. Pooja "Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Fatigue among the Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60055.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/60055/effectiveness-of-olive-oil-massage-on-fatigue-among-the-patients-undergoing-haemodialysis/dr-s-tamilselvi
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. • “A Study To Assess The Effectiveness
Of Intradialytic Exercises On Muscle
Cramps And Quality Of Life Among
Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In
Selected Hospital, Chennai”.
P. SUBITHA [ PRIMARY RESEARCHER ]
DEEPA. M [ RESERCH GUIDE ]
3. • Name of the journal:-
Research & Review :
Management Of Emergency
And Trauma Nursing
• Volume :- 02
• Issue :- 02 [ March - August, 2020 ]
4. Chronic or irreversible renal failure is a progressive
reduction of functioning renal tissue such that the
remaining kidney mass can no longer maintain the
body’s internal environment.
Intradialytic exercises helps to reduce
muscle cramps, improve physical function and quality of
life of patients undergoing hemodialysis. It is simple and
feasible. Hence the study was conducted to assess the
effectiveness of intrdialytic exercises on muscle cramps
and quality of life among patients undergoing
hemodialysis.
5. 1) To assess the muscle cramps and quality of life among patients
undergoing hemodialysis before and after intervention.
2) To assess the effectiveness of intradialytic exercises on muscle
cramps and quality of life among patients undergoing
hemodialysis.
3) To associate the post interventional level of muscle cramps and
quality of life with selected demographic variables and clinical
variables among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
4) To correlate the post interventional level of muscle cramps and
quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
6. H1: There is a significant difference between pre
and post interventional score of muscle cramps
and quality of life among patients undergoing
hemodialysis.
H2: There is a significant association between
post interventional score of muscle cramps and
quality of life with demographic and clinical
variables of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
7. Research Approach :- Quantitative Research Approach.
Research Design :- Quasi Experimental Two Group
Pre And Post Test Design.
Sample :- Patients undergoing Haemodialysis with
Muscle Cramps.
Sample size :- 80 (experimental group = 40)
(control group= 40)
Sampling Technique :- Non probability Purposive Sampling.
Duration of study :- 2 weeks.
8. The patients who
were in the age group of 21 to 70 years.
are alert and cooperative.
are undergoing Haemodialysis with Muscle Cramps.
were both male and female.
could understand Tamil or English.
9. Demographic Variables
Clinical Variables
Intra Dialytic Muscle Cramps Assessment
Tool
Modified Kidney Disease Quality Of Life
Short Form Scale.
10. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at
the University and the clinical site.
The study were conducted among 80 samples undergoing
hemodialysis (Experimental group = 40; Control group = 40) in
selected hospital.
After obtaining informed consent from samples , using self
report interview schedule the investigator collected the
demographic and clinical data.
And assessed the pre interventional level of muscle cramps
using Intra Dialytic Muscle Cramps Assessment Tool and quality
of life by Modified Kidney Disease Quality Of Life Short Form
Scale.
After, for the experimental group, the investigator demonstrated
11. Bilateral straight legged raise
& knee flexion
Neck
stretch
Shoulder shrug
&
rotation
Triceps extension
Elbow flexion
Supine hip flexion
Supine hip abduction
Supine hip adduction
Leg stretch
12. Before the initiation of hemodialysis and reinforced
the patients to continue the same for 30 minutes
during second and fourth hour from the initiation of
hemodialysis procedure.
The intradialytic exercises were continued for a
period of 2 weeks (6 hemodialysis sitting).
On day 12, post interventional level of muscle
cramps and quality of life was assessed by using the
same scale.
The patients in control group received hospital
treatment regimen.
13. Frequency and percentage distribution was
used to analyze the demographic variables and
clinical variables of the samples undergoing
hemodialysis.
Mean and standard deviation was used to
assess
the pre and post interventional level of muscle
DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data anal
14. Student independent ‘t’ test and paired ‘t’ test
was used to compare the level of muscle cramps
and quality of life of patients in experimental and
control group.
Chi square test was used to associate the post
interventional muscle cramps and quality of life
with selected demographic and clinical variables
in experimental and control group.
Correlation coefficient was used to correlate the
post test level of muscle cramps and quality of
life among patient undergoing hemodialysis
15. DEMOGRAPHICS
1) Age :- majority (37.5%) of the patients in experimental and
control group were in age group of 51- 60 years.
2) Gender :- 75% of the patients in the experimental group &
80% patients in the control group were male.
3) Educational status :- 35% of the patients in experimental and
control group had secondary education.
4) Occupational status :- 62.5% of the patients in experimental
group & 67.5% in control group were employed.
16. DEMOGRAPHICS,
5) Marital status :- 100% of the patients were married in
both experimental and control groups.
6) Income :- in the experimental group, 55% of the patients
and in the control group 57.5% patients monthly income
Rs 10.000 - <15.000.
7) Type of family :- 75% & 70% of the patients in the
experimental and control group were from the nuclear family.
8) Dietary pattern :- 82.5% of the patients in both
experimental control group were non-vegetarian.
17. CLINICAL VARIABLES,
In the experimental group, 47.5% of the patients had
hypertension, 22.5% of the patients had diabetic mellitus
and hypertension as associated illness,
Whereas in the control group, 50% of the patients had
hypertension, 22.5% of the patients had diabetic mellitus
as associated illness.
In the experimental group, 65% of patients were
undergoing hemodialysis for 1- < 3years duration and in
the control group 57.5% of the patients were undergoing
hemodialysis for 1- < 3years duration.
18. CLINICAL VARIABLES,
In the experimental and control group,100% of patients
were undergoing hemodialysis for 4 hours per sitting.
In relation to intake medications , 100% of patients in the
experimental and control group were taking calcium
supplements.
Regarding awareness about exercise during dialysis,
87.5% of the patients in experimental group and 100% of
the patients in control group were unaware of exercises
19. In relation to current creatinine level, 50% of patients creatinine level
between 8 mg/dl and above, 40% of the patients creatinine level between
5-<8 mg/dl in the experimental group. Where as in the control group, 45%
of patients creatinine level between 5-<8mg/dl, 40% of patients creatinine
level between 8mg/dl and above.
In the experimental group, 45% of patients were prescribed fluid intake
range between 251-250 ml. 35% of patients were prescribed fluid intake
range between 501-1000 ml. where as in control group, 55% of patients
were prescribed fluid intake range upto 250 ml, 30% of patients were
prescribed fluid intake range between 251-500 ml.
In relation to occurrence of muscle cramps during non dialysis days, 45%
of patients had muscle cramps in the experimental group and in the
control group 50% of patients had muscle cramps during non dialysis days
particularly at night.
CLINICAL VARIABLES,
20. 1) The first objective was to assess the muscle cramps and
quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis before
and after intervention.
In pre test, all patients in the experimental & control group had
severe muscle cramps. In post test, experimental group, majority of
the patients (82.5%) had no muscle cramps, whereas in control
group, majority of the patients (92.5% ) had severe muscle cramps.
In pre test majority of the patients (92.5%) had poor quality of life in
the experimental group, whereas in the control group, all patients
had poor quality of life , in post test, majority of the patients (57.5%)
had moderate quality of life and 70 patients (42.5%) had good
quality of life in the experimental group, whereas in the control
group, majority of the patients (92.5%) had poor quality of life.
21. 2) second objective was to assess the effectiveness of
intradialytic exercises on muscle cramps and quality of life
among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
In the experimental group, pre test mean muscle cramps score
was higher than the post test mean score and pre test quality of
life mean score was lower than the post test score, whereas in the
control group, pre and post test mean score was almost same.
There was a statistically significant difference in pre and post test
mean score at p< 0.001level in experimental group. Hence we
can infer that the intradialytic exercises were effective in
reducing muscle cramps and improving in the quality of life
among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
22. 3) The third objective was to associate the post interventional level of muscle
cramps and quality of life with selected demographic variables and clinical
variables among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
There was a statistically significant association found between ,
- the post interventional levels of muscle cramps with demographic
variables such as age, educational qualification at 5% level.
- the post interventional levels of muscle cramps with clinical variables
such as duration of undergoing hemodialysis, awareness regarding
exercises during hemodialysis at 5% level.
- the post interventional quality of life of the patients undergoing
hemodialysis with dietary pattern at 5% level.
- post interventional quality of life of the patients undergoing
hemodialysis with clinical variables such as awareness regarding
exercise during hemodialysis at 5% level.
23. 4) The fourth objective was to correlate the
post interventional level of muscle cramps
and quality of life among patients
undergoing hemodialysis.
There was a low negative correlation
between muscle cramps and quality of life
in the experimental and control group
among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
24. The study findings showed
that intradialytic exercise were effective in
reducing muscle cramps and improving the
quality of life among patients undergoing
hemodialysis intradialytic exercises can be
used as A non pharmacological measure in
reducing muscle cramps and improving
quality of life of patients undergoing
hemodialysis
25. Intradialytic exercises can be incorporated as one of the
routine nursing interventions in reducing muscle cramps
and improving quality of life among patients undergoing
hemodialysis.
The same study can be conducted among larger samples
to generalize the findings.
A comparative study can be conducted to assess the
effectiveness of intradialytic resistance exercises and
intradialytic stretching exercises in reducing muscle
cramps and improving quality of life among patients
receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
26. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
STRENGTHS :- The strength of the study is non
probability purposive sampling technique which
focuses on chronic renal failure patient undergoing
intradialytic exercises which helps to reduce muscle
cramp, improves physical function and quality of life
of the patient.
WEAKNESSES :- The investigators could assess the
effect of intervention only once during the period of
data collection.