Argumentation
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Logical persuasive arguments are built on opinions supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why an opinion should be accepted as true, while evidence provides facts and statistics or expert testimony that are difficult to argue with. Logical fallacies should be avoided, as they may sound logical but are not. A persuasive argument is most effective when it appeals to logic through facts, expertise, reasons and evidence while keeping emotional appeals and fallacies to a minimum.
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Argumentation
This document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect, and loaded or emotive language. It advises reinforcing logical arguments with facts and expertise rather than replacing them with emotional appeals or bandwagon tactics.
Argumentation
This document discusses strategies for building logical and persuasive arguments. It explains that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. Strong arguments are built on opinions supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why an opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect, and loaded or emotive language. Overall, the key to persuasive arguments is appealing to logic and facts while minimizing emotional appeals and logical fallacies.
Argumentation
This document discusses strategies for building logical and persuasive arguments. It explains that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. Strong arguments are built on opinions supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why an opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect, and loaded or emotive language. Overall, the key is reinforcing logical arguments with facts and expertise while minimizing emotional appeals and logical fallacies.
Argumentation 2
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document warns against logical fallacies, biased language, and bandwagon appeals, recommending that arguments focus on logic, facts, and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and fallacies.
Argumentation
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document warns against logical fallacies, biased language, and bandwagon appeals, recommending that arguments focus on logic, facts, and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and fallacies.
Argumentation
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to either change attitudes/beliefs or get someone to do something. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect claims, loaded words, glittering generalities, bandwagon appeals, and irrelevant testimonials. Overall, the key to an effective persuasive argument is appealing to logic using facts and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and avoiding fallacious reasoning.
More legislation
The author argues that more gun legislation is needed based on three articles. The first article shows a decline in crime from 1993-2001 due to increased gun laws. However, more recent mass shootings like in Colorado prove this is not enough. The second article discusses the Colorado movie theater shooting that killed 12 people. The third article describes an accidental shooting of a child who rang the wrong doorbell, indicating guns in homes are not safe even for protection. The author believes more gun laws could prevent crimes, deaths, and accidental shootings, creating a safer future.
More legislation
The author argues that more gun legislation is needed based on three articles. The first article shows a decline in crime from 1993 to 2001 due to increased gun laws. However, more recent mass shootings like in Colorado prove that was not enough. The second article discusses the Colorado movie theater shooting that killed 12 people. The third article describes an accidental shooting of a child who rang the wrong doorbell, indicating guns in homes are not safe even for protection. The author believes more gun laws would reduce gun crimes, deaths, and accidents, creating a safer future.
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Argumentation
This document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect, and loaded or emotive language. It advises reinforcing logical arguments with facts and expertise rather than replacing them with emotional appeals or bandwagon tactics.
Argumentation
This document discusses strategies for building logical and persuasive arguments. It explains that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. Strong arguments are built on opinions supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why an opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect, and loaded or emotive language. Overall, the key to persuasive arguments is appealing to logic and facts while minimizing emotional appeals and logical fallacies.
Argumentation
This document discusses strategies for building logical and persuasive arguments. It explains that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. Strong arguments are built on opinions supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why an opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect, and loaded or emotive language. Overall, the key is reinforcing logical arguments with facts and expertise while minimizing emotional appeals and logical fallacies.
Argumentation 2
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document warns against logical fallacies, biased language, and bandwagon appeals, recommending that arguments focus on logic, facts, and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and fallacies.
Argumentation
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document warns against logical fallacies, biased language, and bandwagon appeals, recommending that arguments focus on logic, facts, and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and fallacies.
Argumentation
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to either change attitudes/beliefs or get someone to do something. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document also identifies common logical fallacies to avoid, such as hasty generalizations, name calling, false cause and effect claims, loaded words, glittering generalities, bandwagon appeals, and irrelevant testimonials. Overall, the key to an effective persuasive argument is appealing to logic using facts and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and avoiding fallacious reasoning.
More legislation
The author argues that more gun legislation is needed based on three articles. The first article shows a decline in crime from 1993-2001 due to increased gun laws. However, more recent mass shootings like in Colorado prove this is not enough. The second article discusses the Colorado movie theater shooting that killed 12 people. The third article describes an accidental shooting of a child who rang the wrong doorbell, indicating guns in homes are not safe even for protection. The author believes more gun laws could prevent crimes, deaths, and accidental shootings, creating a safer future.
More legislation
The author argues that more gun legislation is needed based on three articles. The first article shows a decline in crime from 1993 to 2001 due to increased gun laws. However, more recent mass shootings like in Colorado prove that was not enough. The second article discusses the Colorado movie theater shooting that killed 12 people. The third article describes an accidental shooting of a child who rang the wrong doorbell, indicating guns in homes are not safe even for protection. The author believes more gun laws would reduce gun crimes, deaths, and accidents, creating a safer future.
Argumentation 2
The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document warns against logical fallacies, biased language, and bandwagon appeals, recommending that arguments focus on logic, facts, and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and fallacies.
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."Outline Of An Argumentative Essay
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There are enduring, almost perennial debates on the efficacy a.docx
There are enduring, almost perennial debates on the efficacy and ethics of fear campaigns in
public health that reemerge with whack-a-mole frequency, as eloquently chronicled by Fairchild
et al. (p. 1180). Supported by evidence-based reasoning about motivating behavior change and
deterrence,1 these campaigns intentionally present disturbing images and narratives designed to
arouse fear, regr et, and disgust.
Having health problems can be a profoundly negative experience unappreciated by those not
living with them. Pain, immobility, disfigurement, depression, isolation, and financial problems
are common sequelae of disease and injury. It is beyond argument that these outcomes are self-
evidently anticipated and experienced as adverse, undesirable, and so best avoided. Efforts to
prevent them are therefore, prima facie, ethically beneficent and virtuous.
FIVE CRITICISMS
Criticism of the ethics of fear messaging takes five broad directions. First, it is often asserted that
fear campaigns should be opposed because they are ineffective: they simply "don't work" very
well. Fairchild et al. note that this argument persists despite the weight of evidence. The
ineffectiveness argument can be valid independent of the content of failed campaigns: "positive"
ineffective campaigns should be subject to the same criticism. Yet sustained criticism of
ineffective positive campaigns is uncommon, suggesting this criticism is enlisted to support more
primary objections about fear campaigns.
Second, critics argue that such campaigns target victims, not causes ofhealth problems, and so
are soft options mounted in lieu of more politically challenging upstream policy reform of social
determinants of health, such as education, employment, and income distribution as well as
legislative, fiscal, and product safety law reforms.
It is difficult to recall any major prescription for prevention in the past 40 years not involving
advocacy of comprehensive strategies of both policy reforms and motivational interventions. For
example, tobacco control advocates target advertising bans, smoke-free policies, and tax hikes as
well as increased public awareness campaign financing. When governments fail to enact
comprehensive approaches to prevention, supporting only public awareness campaigns, it is
plainly concerning. The resultant concentration of public discourse on the importance of
individualistic change instead of systemic, legislative, or regulatory change in controlling health
problems may lead to public perceptions that solutions are mostly contingent on what individuals
do or do not do.2 This myopic definition of health problems and their solution promotes victim
blaming,3 in which notions of individual responsibility are held to explain all health problems
when any volitional component is involved.
This can be a serious criticism of governments' failure to commit to prevention, but is it a fair
and sens.
Cause and effect essay
Writing a cause-effect essay requires analyzing the relationships between causes and effects. The document provides guidelines for writing a successful cause-effect essay, including (1) avoiding logical errors when analyzing causes and effects, (2) qualifying assertions with words like "often" and "likely", and (3) writing a clear and limited thesis. Organizational patterns include multiple causes with a single effect, a single cause with multiple effects, multiple causes with multiple effects, and an alternating chain of causes and effects. Transitions and an objective third-person voice should be used.
Statement or Thesis?
The document provides guidance on developing a strong thesis statement, including that it should be:
1) Debatable and propose an arguable point that people could reasonably disagree on.
2) Narrow in scope so the topic can be adequately covered.
3) Clearly state your own conclusion and point of view on the topic based on evidence.
It also provides examples of effective thesis statements that follow these guidelines on topics like stem cell research, prescription drug use in children, and castration as punishment for sex offenders.
What is evidence
This document discusses different types of evidence that can be used to support arguments and claims. It begins by defining evidence as credible facts or information used to support an assertion. It then examines several types of evidence in detail, including statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, analogical evidence, and physical evidence. For each type, it provides examples, discusses strengths and weaknesses, and considers how they can be effectively used or pitfalls to avoid. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of using multiple types of high-quality evidence to substantiate claims.
Outline For A Argumentative Essay
This document provides an outline for an essay on climate change. It begins by defining climate change and discussing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the UN body that reports on the scientific understanding of climate change. The outline then addresses the causes of climate change, including human activities like burning fossil fuels and poor land use, as well as natural factors like greenhouse gases. It concludes by discussing some of the potential effects of climate change and actions that can be taken at home to address the issue. The outline provides the key topics and subpoints that would be discussed in a full essay on climate change according to this outlined structure and flow of information.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael Marmot
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Sickly Sweet: electronic version.
This is an electronic version of the book "Sickly Sweet" shared here with the permission of the publisher: Nova.
How to deliver a more persuasive message regarding addiction as a medical dis...
The author argues that those in the addiction field have been unsuccessful in persuading the public to view addiction as a legitimate medical disorder due to flaws in their messaging. Specifically, analogies made between addiction and other medical disorders like asthma and diabetes overlook the high negative externalities of addiction, including the crimes and violence sometimes associated with it. This understandably makes the public more fearful of and angry about addiction compared to other conditions. The author proposes acknowledging these negative externalities and the rational basis for law enforcement involvement when discussing addiction as a medical issue in order to be more persuasive to the public.
Dean r berry What is Evidence
- The document discusses different types of evidence that can be used to support arguments and claims, including statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, and research studies.
- Statistical evidence uses numbers and data, testimonial evidence relies on individual accounts and endorsements, anecdotal evidence cites specific observations or examples, and research studies can provide stronger evidence through systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies.
- Each type of evidence has strengths and limitations depending on the claim. Statistical and research evidence may be stronger, but anecdotes and testimonials can still have value when used carefully and supplemented with other evidence.
Dean r berry what is evidence 3 12
This document discusses different types of evidence that can be used to support arguments and claims. It begins by defining evidence and explaining that persuasive texts must include very specific, credible evidence such as statistical data, analogies, quotations, testimonials, or anecdotal examples. The document then examines different types of evidence in more detail, including statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, analogical evidence, and physical evidence. It provides examples and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each type. The document emphasizes that the strongest evidence comes from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple research studies.
The Rise of the Nazi Party
The Nazi Party gained popularity in Germany after World War 1 due to feelings of humiliation from the Treaty of Versailles and fears of communist uprisings. In the early 1920s, the Nazi Party used militaristic imagery and rhetoric portraying themselves as protectors of traditional German values to build support. While an attempted coup failed in 1923, Hitler refined the party's strategy in prison to focus on winning elections. After the Great Depression began in 1929, the Nazis capitalized on the economic crisis and weaknesses of the Weimar government to scapegoat others and position themselves as the solution, enabling them to become the largest party by 1933 and allow Hitler to become Chancellor.
Great depression fill in the blank
The document provides an overview of the Great Depression in the United States. It summarizes that farmers struggled greatly due to falling demand and prices for crops in Europe and overproduction. Herbert Hoover won the 1928 election for Republicans. In 1929, the stock market crashed, signaling the start of the Great Depression. Millions were unemployed in the 1930s as banks collapsed and soup kitchens formed to help the hungry. The Dust Bowl drought devastated the Great Plains states in the 1930s. John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men, set during this era, explored the difficulties of life for migrant workers and laborers.
Owl persuasive writing
This document provides guidance on effective persuasion and developing persuasive documents. It discusses understanding the audience, researching the issue from multiple sides, supporting your own perspective with credible sources, establishing your credibility, and avoiding certain tactics like lecturing or threatening the audience. The key steps are to understand your audience, support your opinion with strong evidence, address counterarguments respectfully, find common ground, and establish your credibility through professional language and citing reputable sources accurately.
Elizabethan br
The document provides background information on William Shakespeare and his most famous play Romeo and Juliet, set in Elizabethan England. It discusses life during this time period including social classes, marriage, health, and entertainment. Additionally, it describes Shakespeare's life and body of work, the Globe Theatre, and an overview of the plot of Romeo and Juliet.
Expository writing
Expository writing seeks to inform, explain, clarify, define or instruct an audience. It is used in publications like newsletters, instructions, reports, and research papers. An effective expository writing plan introduces the topic clearly in the introduction, discusses main points supported by facts and examples in body paragraphs, and restates the topic and conclusions in the closing paragraph.
8 stages of genocide
During the Holocaust, German authorities forced Jews in occupied territories to wear identifying signs and badges to publicly mark them as Jews. Propaganda campaigns dehumanized and scapegoated Jews by promoting harmful stereotypes. As persecution escalated, tens of thousands of Jews were arrested, deported to camps, and murdered. Synagogues were destroyed and homes looted as the Nazi regime sought to oppress and eliminate Jewish people.
Taks test tips
The document provides study tips and reminders for an exam, including:
1. Get a good night's sleep and eat breakfast to be well-rested and focused.
2. Bring the necessary supplies like pencils, lunch, and a book.
3. Carefully read passages and take notes to fully understand the material.
Music&poetry
The song "Viva La Vida" by Coldplay describes a fall from great power and status. It tells the story of someone who used to rule the world and have supernatural abilities but now sleeps alone and must serve others. Though this person seeks spiritual help and protection, they know they will not be welcomed into heaven due to past actions when they ruled the world through deception.
Poetry and figurative language
The document provides an overview of poetry, including its defining features, forms, devices, and types. It discusses how poetry differs from prose in its use of figurative language, concise expression, and poetic elements like meter, rhyme, and stanzas. Various poetic forms, terms, and devices are defined, such as sonnets, rhyme schemes, onomatopoeia, and imagery. Examples are provided to illustrate different concepts.
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The document discusses how to build a logical and persuasive argument. It notes that persuasive arguments aim to change beliefs or get someone to act. A logical argument is built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence. Reasons explain why the opinion should be accepted, while evidence includes facts, statistics, and expert testimony. The document warns against logical fallacies, biased language, and bandwagon appeals, recommending that arguments focus on logic, facts, and expertise while limiting emotional appeals and fallacies.
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Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."Outline Of An Argumentative Essay
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There are enduring, almost perennial debates on the efficacy a.docx
There are enduring, almost perennial debates on the efficacy and ethics of fear campaigns in
public health that reemerge with whack-a-mole frequency, as eloquently chronicled by Fairchild
et al. (p. 1180). Supported by evidence-based reasoning about motivating behavior change and
deterrence,1 these campaigns intentionally present disturbing images and narratives designed to
arouse fear, regr et, and disgust.
Having health problems can be a profoundly negative experience unappreciated by those not
living with them. Pain, immobility, disfigurement, depression, isolation, and financial problems
are common sequelae of disease and injury. It is beyond argument that these outcomes are self-
evidently anticipated and experienced as adverse, undesirable, and so best avoided. Efforts to
prevent them are therefore, prima facie, ethically beneficent and virtuous.
FIVE CRITICISMS
Criticism of the ethics of fear messaging takes five broad directions. First, it is often asserted that
fear campaigns should be opposed because they are ineffective: they simply "don't work" very
well. Fairchild et al. note that this argument persists despite the weight of evidence. The
ineffectiveness argument can be valid independent of the content of failed campaigns: "positive"
ineffective campaigns should be subject to the same criticism. Yet sustained criticism of
ineffective positive campaigns is uncommon, suggesting this criticism is enlisted to support more
primary objections about fear campaigns.
Second, critics argue that such campaigns target victims, not causes ofhealth problems, and so
are soft options mounted in lieu of more politically challenging upstream policy reform of social
determinants of health, such as education, employment, and income distribution as well as
legislative, fiscal, and product safety law reforms.
It is difficult to recall any major prescription for prevention in the past 40 years not involving
advocacy of comprehensive strategies of both policy reforms and motivational interventions. For
example, tobacco control advocates target advertising bans, smoke-free policies, and tax hikes as
well as increased public awareness campaign financing. When governments fail to enact
comprehensive approaches to prevention, supporting only public awareness campaigns, it is
plainly concerning. The resultant concentration of public discourse on the importance of
individualistic change instead of systemic, legislative, or regulatory change in controlling health
problems may lead to public perceptions that solutions are mostly contingent on what individuals
do or do not do.2 This myopic definition of health problems and their solution promotes victim
blaming,3 in which notions of individual responsibility are held to explain all health problems
when any volitional component is involved.
This can be a serious criticism of governments' failure to commit to prevention, but is it a fair
and sens.
Cause and effect essay
Writing a cause-effect essay requires analyzing the relationships between causes and effects. The document provides guidelines for writing a successful cause-effect essay, including (1) avoiding logical errors when analyzing causes and effects, (2) qualifying assertions with words like "often" and "likely", and (3) writing a clear and limited thesis. Organizational patterns include multiple causes with a single effect, a single cause with multiple effects, multiple causes with multiple effects, and an alternating chain of causes and effects. Transitions and an objective third-person voice should be used.
Statement or Thesis?
The document provides guidance on developing a strong thesis statement, including that it should be:
1) Debatable and propose an arguable point that people could reasonably disagree on.
2) Narrow in scope so the topic can be adequately covered.
3) Clearly state your own conclusion and point of view on the topic based on evidence.
It also provides examples of effective thesis statements that follow these guidelines on topics like stem cell research, prescription drug use in children, and castration as punishment for sex offenders.
What is evidence
This document discusses different types of evidence that can be used to support arguments and claims. It begins by defining evidence as credible facts or information used to support an assertion. It then examines several types of evidence in detail, including statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, analogical evidence, and physical evidence. For each type, it provides examples, discusses strengths and weaknesses, and considers how they can be effectively used or pitfalls to avoid. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of using multiple types of high-quality evidence to substantiate claims.
Outline For A Argumentative Essay
This document provides an outline for an essay on climate change. It begins by defining climate change and discussing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the UN body that reports on the scientific understanding of climate change. The outline then addresses the causes of climate change, including human activities like burning fossil fuels and poor land use, as well as natural factors like greenhouse gases. It concludes by discussing some of the potential effects of climate change and actions that can be taken at home to address the issue. The outline provides the key topics and subpoints that would be discussed in a full essay on climate change according to this outlined structure and flow of information.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael Marmot
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Sickly Sweet: electronic version.
This is an electronic version of the book "Sickly Sweet" shared here with the permission of the publisher: Nova.
How to deliver a more persuasive message regarding addiction as a medical dis...
The author argues that those in the addiction field have been unsuccessful in persuading the public to view addiction as a legitimate medical disorder due to flaws in their messaging. Specifically, analogies made between addiction and other medical disorders like asthma and diabetes overlook the high negative externalities of addiction, including the crimes and violence sometimes associated with it. This understandably makes the public more fearful of and angry about addiction compared to other conditions. The author proposes acknowledging these negative externalities and the rational basis for law enforcement involvement when discussing addiction as a medical issue in order to be more persuasive to the public.
Dean r berry What is Evidence
- The document discusses different types of evidence that can be used to support arguments and claims, including statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, and research studies.
- Statistical evidence uses numbers and data, testimonial evidence relies on individual accounts and endorsements, anecdotal evidence cites specific observations or examples, and research studies can provide stronger evidence through systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies.
- Each type of evidence has strengths and limitations depending on the claim. Statistical and research evidence may be stronger, but anecdotes and testimonials can still have value when used carefully and supplemented with other evidence.
Dean r berry what is evidence 3 12
This document discusses different types of evidence that can be used to support arguments and claims. It begins by defining evidence and explaining that persuasive texts must include very specific, credible evidence such as statistical data, analogies, quotations, testimonials, or anecdotal examples. The document then examines different types of evidence in more detail, including statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, analogical evidence, and physical evidence. It provides examples and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each type. The document emphasizes that the strongest evidence comes from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple research studies.
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The Nazi Party gained popularity in Germany after World War 1 due to feelings of humiliation from the Treaty of Versailles and fears of communist uprisings. In the early 1920s, the Nazi Party used militaristic imagery and rhetoric portraying themselves as protectors of traditional German values to build support. While an attempted coup failed in 1923, Hitler refined the party's strategy in prison to focus on winning elections. After the Great Depression began in 1929, the Nazis capitalized on the economic crisis and weaknesses of the Weimar government to scapegoat others and position themselves as the solution, enabling them to become the largest party by 1933 and allow Hitler to become Chancellor.
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The document provides study tips and reminders for an exam, including:
1. Get a good night's sleep and eat breakfast to be well-rested and focused.
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The document provides an overview of poetry, including its defining features, forms, devices, and types. It discusses how poetry differs from prose in its use of figurative language, concise expression, and poetic elements like meter, rhyme, and stanzas. Various poetic forms, terms, and devices are defined, such as sonnets, rhyme schemes, onomatopoeia, and imagery. Examples are provided to illustrate different concepts.
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The document outlines the basic elements of short stories, including characters, setting, plot, point of view, and theme. It defines the main character and antagonist, and describes how characters are characterized through physical description, thoughts, actions, and how others see them. It also defines the key components of setting, the stages of plot, types of conflict, points of view, and how themes can be directly stated or implied.
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Argumentation
- 1. Making a convincing argument
- 2. Persuasive Aim is used to accomplish one of two basic purposes: 1) To change the reader’s attitudes or beliefs. 2) To get the reader to do something.
- 3. Logical Persuasive Arguments are built on an opinion supported by reasons and evidence.
- 4. Reasons Reasons tell why everyone should accept an opinion as true. Ex: A ban on smoking in public places would reduce the risk of developing lung cancer via secondhand smoke inhalation.
- 5. Evidence - Facts & statistics -are strong because it’s hard to argue with the facts. Ex: Prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke increases one’s risk of developing cancer by 55%. - Expert testimony- statements made by experts in the field are convincing. Ex: “The risk of developing lung cancer from secondhand smoke is significant,” said Dr. Jim Williams, a leading pulmonary oncologist at Johns Hopkins Medical Research Center.
- 6. Logical fallacies are statements that sound logical and factual, but they’re not.
- 7. Hasty Generalization is coming to a conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence. Ex: All of my friends whose parents smoke have asthma and are certain to develop lung cancer as a result.
- 8. Name Calling is attacking the person who holds the view rather than the view itself. Ex: Mayor Smith is calling for restaurant and bars to ban smoking, but he recently was arrested for DWI and cannot be trusted.
- 9. Either/or is describing a situation as though there were only two choices when there may actually be several. Ex: Either smoking be banned in public places, or citizens are doomed to die slow, painful deaths.
- 10. False Cause and Effect asserting that because Event B followed Event A, A caused B. Ex: Since Arlington banned smoking in restaurants and bars, my favorite restaurant chain went out of business two weeks later.
- 11. should reinforce logical arguments, not replace them.
- 12. Loaded Words are words that are heavy with emotional connotations. Ex: Smokers endanger the lives of innocent children and sentence them to lives riddled with health problems.
- 13. Glittering Generalities A type of loaded words, they are so strongly positive that they “glitter” and make you feel good. Ex: Smoking a Camel after a satisfying meal---it’s the American way.
- 14. Bandwagon Appeal the belief that something should be done because the majority of people do it (or wish to do it). Ex: 20 of the 30 major U.S. cities have already enacted a ban on public smoking and Dallas shouldn’t be the last.
- 15. Testimonials when a celebrity endorses a product unrelated to his or her field of expertise. Ex: Tony Hawk supports the ban on smoking in public places.
- 16. • appealing mostly to logic (facts & expertise) • keeping emotional appeals to a minimum • avoiding all fallacies