Argentina experienced three major phases of immigration and culture: 1. The Spanish colonial period from the late 1500s established Spanish as the dominant language and Roman Catholicism as the main religion. Major cities like Buenos Aires, Salta, and Jujuy were founded. 2. European immigration from 1860-1930 was dominated by Spanish and Italians who contributed to agriculture and industry. This shifted Argentina's culture away from a typical Latin American model. 3. A modern wave of migration followed Argentina's late 20th century economic collapse, as workers came from neighboring countries to fill jobs. This has introduced new native influences while straining government services for immigrants.