The document provides calculations for finding the area and perimeter of a tunnel cross-section modeled as half an ellipse joined to a rectangle. For the area, the cross-section is divided into the ellipse region and rectangle region, whose individual areas are calculated analytically and summed. For the perimeter, integrals involving elliptic functions are used to calculate the perimeter of the ellipse region, which is then added to the perimeter of the rectangle region. Ramanujan's approximation formula for an ellipse perimeter is also provided.
El presente trabajo contiene como principal estudio el tema del sostenimiento en minería subterránea, haciendo un breve resumen hablaremos sobre los principales métodos de sostenimiento en su forma activa o pasiva. Elaborado por alumnos de la promoción 2016-II de la facultad de Ingeniería de Minas de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
El presente trabajo contiene como principal estudio el tema del sostenimiento en minería subterránea, haciendo un breve resumen hablaremos sobre los principales métodos de sostenimiento en su forma activa o pasiva. Elaborado por alumnos de la promoción 2016-II de la facultad de Ingeniería de Minas de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. ÁREA DELTÚNEL MINERO
• Para el calculo del área, procedemos a separar la figura
en dos figuras particulares, conocidas:
- Media Elipse (S1)
- Un Rectángulo (S2)
CALCULO DEL RECTÁNGULO:
S2=
2𝐵
3
𝑥A =
2𝐴𝐵
3
S1
S2
(1/3)B
(2/3)B
A
3. CALCULO DE LA MEDIA ELIPSE:
Calcular el área encerrada por elipse
• Ecuación de la elipse
𝑋2
𝑎2 +
𝑌2
𝑏2 = 1
•
𝑦2
𝑏2 = 1 −
𝑥2
𝑎2
• 𝑦2 = 𝑏2(1 −
𝑥2
𝑎2)
Hallamos el Área para una Elipse
4. • 𝑦 = 𝑏2(1 −
𝑥2
𝑎2)
• 𝑦 =
𝑏2
𝑎2 𝑎2 − 𝑥2
• 𝑦 =
𝑏
𝑎
𝑎2 − 𝑥2
Entonces la gráfica de la ecuación es:
Calculamos el área bajo la curva de seme elíptica
• 𝐴1 = −𝑎
𝑎
𝑦𝑑𝑥
• 𝐴1 = −𝑎
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎
𝑎2 − 𝑥2
Evaluamos el área la mitad y luego multiplicamos
por 2 ya que es simétrico.
𝐴1 = 2
𝑏
𝑎 0
𝑎
𝑎2 − 𝑥2𝑑𝑥
Aplicamos el método de sustitución trigonométrica
• sin 𝜃 =
𝑥
𝑎
• 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃
Aplicamos derivadas
•
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃
= 𝑎 cos 𝜃
• 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃
• cos 𝜃 =
𝑎2−𝑥2
𝑎
• 𝑎 cos 𝜃 = 𝑎2 − 𝑥2
5. Ahora remplazamos en la integral
• 𝐴1 = 2
𝑏
𝑎 0
𝑎
𝑎2 − 𝑥2𝑑𝑥
Remplazamos a por
𝜋
2
estamos evaluando de 0° a
90° la cuarta parte de la elipse
• 𝐴1 = 2
𝑏
𝑎 0
𝜋
2 𝑎 cos 𝜃 ∗ 𝑎 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃
• 𝐴1 = 2
𝑎2𝑏
𝑎 0
𝜋
2 cos 𝜃2
𝑑𝜃
• 𝐴1 = 2𝑎𝑏 0
𝜋
2 cos 𝜃2
𝑑𝜃
Por razones trigonométricas de ángulo doble y
mitad se sabe que:
• cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦
En este caso por dos ángulos iguales 𝜃
• cos 𝜃 + 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
• cos 2𝜃 = cos 𝜃2
− sin 𝜃2
………(a)
Por identidad trigonométrica pitagórica se sabe
que:
• sin 𝜃2
+ cos 𝜃2
= 1
• sin 𝜃2
= 1 − cos 𝜃2
Remplazamos en la ecuación (a)
• cos 2𝜃 = cos 𝜃2
− 1 − cos 𝜃2
• cos 2𝜃 = cos 𝜃2
− 1 + cos 𝜃2
• cos 2𝜃 = 2 cos 𝜃2
− 1
• cos 𝜃2
=
1+cos 2𝜃
2
Remplazamos en la integral
• 𝐴1 = 2𝑎𝑏 0
𝜋
2 cos 𝜃2
𝑑𝜃
