Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms. It has two main branches: descriptive biochemistry which qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes cellular components, and dynamic biochemistry which elucidates the nature and mechanisms of reactions between cellular components. Knowledge in biochemistry is growing rapidly with emerging disciplines like enzymology, endocrinology, and molecular biochemistry. Biochemistry aims to understand life at the molecular level by studying the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
This document provides an overview of electrolytes and discusses sodium and potassium in detail. It begins by listing the learning objectives which are to list the roles of six important electrolytes, name disorders of abnormal levels, identify the predominant extracellular anion, and describe aldosterone's role in water balance. It then discusses sodium and potassium individually, outlining their normal levels, functions, dietary sources, and related imbalances.
The document provides information about cytology and cell physiology. It begins by defining cytology as the study of cells and cell physiology as the study of cellular mechanisms and interactions. It then discusses the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are simpler, lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are more complex with organelles that carry out specialized functions within membrane compartments. The document also summarizes the cell theory that cells are the basic unit of life and arise from preexisting cells.
ARKIA Official White Paper And Roadmap.pdfaidanshati
1. The document discusses seven pillars that define the principles of life as proposed by Daniel E. Koshland. The seven pillars are program, improvisation, compartmentalization, energy, regeneration, adaptability, and seclusion.
2. The first pillar, program, refers to an organized plan encoded in DNA that describes the interactions among components to allow living systems to persist over time. The second pillar, improvisation, allows living systems to change their program to adapt to environmental changes.
3. The third pillar is compartmentalization, which is the confinement of living things to a limited volume surrounded by a membrane. This maintains concentrations of components needed for reactions.
1. The document provides an overview of key biological concepts and principles, including the origin of biology from ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and scientists like Darwin.
2. It describes several major branches of biology like anatomy, physiology, histology, ecology, and genetics.
3. The properties of life are discussed, including organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and adaptation. Living things share these fundamental characteristics.
The document discusses metastasis and proposes some new hypotheses about the process. It suggests that the traditional view of metastasis as a random filtration process is an oversimplification. Instead, it hypothesizes that secondary organs may play an active role in determining the location of metastases by providing a favorable incubation environment for cancer cells. The document reviews examples from biology like symbiotic relationships and fetal development to draw parallels with how secondary organs may interact with metastatic cells. It proposes experimental studies to investigate cancer cell migration properties and the role of secondary organs in supporting cancer cell growth.
Biology First Year Complete 14 ChaptersSeetal Daas
This document provides notes on biology for a first year class. It begins with definitions of biology and classifications of living organisms. It then discusses the key kingdoms - Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Later sections cover branches of biology, biological methods, examples like malaria, concepts like cloning and hydroponics, and levels of biological organization from subatomic particles to the biosphere. It concludes by discussing biochemistry and the important properties of water for biological functions.
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. They have intricate structures like cell membranes, nuclei that contain DNA, and organelles that perform specialized functions. Cells communicate through signaling pathways and work together to keep the body functioning. Researchers study cellular biology to understand life at its most fundamental level and apply that knowledge to fields like medicine and biotechnology. Continued exploration of cellular structures and processes is providing insights into health and disease while also fueling innovations.
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms. It has two main branches: descriptive biochemistry which qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes cellular components, and dynamic biochemistry which elucidates the nature and mechanisms of reactions between cellular components. Knowledge in biochemistry is growing rapidly with emerging disciplines like enzymology, endocrinology, and molecular biochemistry. Biochemistry aims to understand life at the molecular level by studying the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
This document provides an overview of electrolytes and discusses sodium and potassium in detail. It begins by listing the learning objectives which are to list the roles of six important electrolytes, name disorders of abnormal levels, identify the predominant extracellular anion, and describe aldosterone's role in water balance. It then discusses sodium and potassium individually, outlining their normal levels, functions, dietary sources, and related imbalances.
The document provides information about cytology and cell physiology. It begins by defining cytology as the study of cells and cell physiology as the study of cellular mechanisms and interactions. It then discusses the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are simpler, lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are more complex with organelles that carry out specialized functions within membrane compartments. The document also summarizes the cell theory that cells are the basic unit of life and arise from preexisting cells.
ARKIA Official White Paper And Roadmap.pdfaidanshati
1. The document discusses seven pillars that define the principles of life as proposed by Daniel E. Koshland. The seven pillars are program, improvisation, compartmentalization, energy, regeneration, adaptability, and seclusion.
2. The first pillar, program, refers to an organized plan encoded in DNA that describes the interactions among components to allow living systems to persist over time. The second pillar, improvisation, allows living systems to change their program to adapt to environmental changes.
3. The third pillar is compartmentalization, which is the confinement of living things to a limited volume surrounded by a membrane. This maintains concentrations of components needed for reactions.
1. The document provides an overview of key biological concepts and principles, including the origin of biology from ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and scientists like Darwin.
2. It describes several major branches of biology like anatomy, physiology, histology, ecology, and genetics.
3. The properties of life are discussed, including organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and adaptation. Living things share these fundamental characteristics.
The document discusses metastasis and proposes some new hypotheses about the process. It suggests that the traditional view of metastasis as a random filtration process is an oversimplification. Instead, it hypothesizes that secondary organs may play an active role in determining the location of metastases by providing a favorable incubation environment for cancer cells. The document reviews examples from biology like symbiotic relationships and fetal development to draw parallels with how secondary organs may interact with metastatic cells. It proposes experimental studies to investigate cancer cell migration properties and the role of secondary organs in supporting cancer cell growth.
Biology First Year Complete 14 ChaptersSeetal Daas
This document provides notes on biology for a first year class. It begins with definitions of biology and classifications of living organisms. It then discusses the key kingdoms - Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Later sections cover branches of biology, biological methods, examples like malaria, concepts like cloning and hydroponics, and levels of biological organization from subatomic particles to the biosphere. It concludes by discussing biochemistry and the important properties of water for biological functions.
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. They have intricate structures like cell membranes, nuclei that contain DNA, and organelles that perform specialized functions. Cells communicate through signaling pathways and work together to keep the body functioning. Researchers study cellular biology to understand life at its most fundamental level and apply that knowledge to fields like medicine and biotechnology. Continued exploration of cellular structures and processes is providing insights into health and disease while also fueling innovations.
This document provides an introduction to biology and discusses the relationships between biology, medicine, and engineering. It explains that biology and medicine study living organisms and biological functions, some of which can be modeled and analyzed using engineering principles. This led to the emergence of fields like biomedical engineering that apply engineering concepts to medical problems. Examples are given of how engineering tools have been used to address issues like the COVID-19 pandemic. Biological engineering is defined as applying biological principles and engineering tools to create useful products. The roles and examples of work done in bioengineering research are outlined.
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and play vital roles in virtually all Earth processes. Microbiology is the study of microbes like bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protozoa. These microbes are essential for nutrient cycling, biodegradation, climate change, food production and disease. Microbiologists make important discoveries that benefit society through vaccines, antibiotics, genome sequencing, and more. They also work to apply microbes beneficially in areas like healthcare, agriculture and environmental remediation.
Origin and migration of T and B cells. Hemopoietic stem cells originating in the yolk sac, fetal liver, or bone
marrow migrate through the blood to the thymus, where they differentiate into T lymphocytes. Others
differentiate within the bone marrow in mammals, or the bursa of Fabricius in birds, to produce B cells.
Mature T and B cells circulate in the blood and lymph and colonize the T and B cell compartments
of the lymphoid tissues
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE UNIFYING THEME OF LIFEFranciaFeDolor
The document outlines 10 unifying themes in biology:
1. Biological systems have organization across multiple scales from populations to ecosystems.
2. New properties emerge at each level of the biological hierarchy from atoms to biosphere.
3. Structure and function are directly related from cells to organisms, with structures determining functions.
4. Reproduction and inheritance involve sexual reproduction and inheritance of traits from parents via DNA.
5. Life requires energy transfer and transformation from the sun into usable forms.
6. Organisms interact continuously with their environment and other organisms through processes like photosynthesis.
7. Organisms maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments through feedback mechanisms.
8. Evolution and
This document outlines the general objectives of a course on human anatomy and physiology. It introduces key concepts like anatomy, physiology, and their subdisciplines. It describes the hierarchical levels of biological organization, from subatomic to ecosystems. It discusses several critical properties and processes shared by all living things, including cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, and development. Finally, it defines some important anatomical terminology.
Three reasons to disuse continuous cell lines.pdfRWDLifeScience
Continuous cell lines have the characteristics of convenient culture, wide variety, fast growth rate, low cost, and rapid research, which makes them have always been the first choice for cell-level studies .Although continuous cell lines are full of treasures, there are still some limitations in their application.
In order to better understand the essence of life and reveal the laws of life activities of cells, scientists have carried out a series of researches on cell proliferation, movement, metabolism, death and other activities.
This artical intruduce three reasons to disuse continuous cell lines.Let's click here to learn more.
The document discusses major geological drivers of evolution including tectonic plate movement, vulcanism, climate change, and meteorite impacts. Tectonic plate movement has caused continental drift and formation of supercontinents like Pangaea, affecting species distributions. Vulcanism causes both local and global climate changes through emission of gases and particles and formation of new land barriers and islands. Climate changes over geological timescales have also impacted evolution. Meteorite impacts have precipitated mass extinctions. These geological forces alter Earth's conditions and drive evolution through large-scale migrations, speciation events, mass extinctions, and adaptive radiations.
Comparing The 18Th Century Physician And Botanist Linnaeus...Natasha Barnett
- Linnaeus established a taxonomic system in the 18th century that classifies organisms in a hierarchy of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Later, biologists added the category of domain above kingdom to distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Prokaryotes, which include bacteria and archaea, are single-celled organisms that evolved earlier than eukaryotes and have simpler cellular structures without membrane-bound organelles. Their cells reproduce through binary fission.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share basic cellular components like DNA, ribosomes, and cell membranes. However, prokaryotes lack
What Is LifeBIO101 Version 32University of Phoenix Mater.docxphilipnelson29183
What Is Life?
BIO/101 Version 3
2
University of Phoenix Material
What Is Life?
Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and include reference citations.
1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments.
In the article, “How the Scientific Method Works, by William Harris (n.d.), the author describes the scientific method by first describing science and how the scientific method is useful in science. The article began by breaking down a definition of science. In this description, the author discusses how science is “both a search for information and a quest to explain how information fits together in meaningful ways” (Harris, n.d., p. 2, para 1). He also describes that science is based on observation, data, structure, and behavior (Harris, n.d.). The data must be analyzed to understand the world around us. Also, in science, predictions are made based on the observations and tested using experiments. The tests must be repeated to verify the results. The scientific method is a process as well as a way of thinking. To use the scientific method a scientists, or any type of researcher makes an observation, asks questions, forms a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis using experiments, and lastly shares results and gets feedback.
2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology.
According to the Royal Society of Chemistry (2004), “To understand biological substances and the changes that take place in living organisms you need a good knowledge of chemistry” (para 1). This article describes the numerous chemicals that make up living organisms. These chemicals include atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures, chemical bonds, and molecules. The most basic biological level is chemical. An atom is the smallest particle that makes up an organism. An element is a substance that is made up of atoms and is the simplest substance. Elements form compounds when a fixed ratio (specific number of protons, electrons, and neutrons) is present and a chemical reaction occurs. Compounds are needed to sustain life. Mixtures contain compounds. The cells of living organisms must separate mixtures. Chemical bonding is necessary so atoms can complete their outer shell of electrons. When a chemical reaction occurs atoms stay close to each other. There are three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Lastly, molecules are clusters of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds (Royal Society o.
Organelles in animal cells have specific functions that are important for cell survival. While plant and animal cells contain many of the same organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes, they differ in some aspects. For example, vacuoles are larger in plant cells than animal cells, and lysosomes are more commonly found in animal cells than plant cells. The cytoplasm contains these organelles and allows cellular processes like respiration and glycolysis to take place.
Living things have several key characteristics:
1. They are made of cells, the basic units of life.
2. They obtain and use energy. Autotrophs like plants make their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs like animals consume other organisms for food.
3. They grow, develop, and reproduce. Multicellular organisms grow by adding more cells through mitosis and development, while both unicellular and multicellular organisms reproduce sexually or asexually.
introduction to cell biology
Cell Biology
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
called Syringammina fragilissima, which can grow to a width of 4 inches.
– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology
(Gr., kytos = hollow vessel or cell; logos = to discourse).
Much of cell biology is devoted to the study of structures and functions of specialized cells.
Individual cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions.
1) Life is complex and organized at multiple levels from molecules to cells to organisms. All living things share common properties like being made of organic molecules, metabolism, cellular organization, heredity and adaptation.
2) Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - prokaryotes like bacteria and eukaryotes like plants and animals. Eukaryotes have internal membranes and organelles that allow more complex regulation.
3) While the exact mechanisms are still unknown, it is believed that early Earth conditions led to the formation of simple organic molecules through chemical reactions, eventually resulting in self-replicating living systems through a process of chemical and biological evolution.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in theoretical physics that happens when pairs or groups of particles are generated in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance. Instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole. Based on the theory of cancer as an evolutionary metabolic disease (Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of Cancer or EMHC), the cancerous cells are eukaryotic cells with different metabolic rate from healthy cells due to the damaged or shut down mitochondria in them. Assuming each human eukaryotic cell as a particle and the whole body as a Quantum Entangled System (QES), is a new perspective on the description of cancer disease, and this link between theoretical physics and biological sciences in the field of cancer therapies can be a new insight into the cause, prevention and treatment of cancer. Additionally, this perspective admits the Lamarckian evolution in the understanding of the mentioned disease. We have presented each human eukaryotic cell containing mitochondria as a QES, and the whole body containing healthy and normal cells as a QES as well. The difference between the entropy of the healthy cells and cancer cells has also been mentioned in this research.
Keywords: Quantum Entanglement, Cancer, Mitochondria, Evolution, Quantum Entangled System (QES), EMHC
The document discusses the mechanisms of cancer cell dissemination and survival outside the primary tumor during metastasis. It explains that premalignant niches in distant organs are primed before metastatic dissemination occurs. Cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to leave the primary tumor but then undergo mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) at the secondary site. Hypoxia in the primary tumor core promotes the migration of cancer cells to the tumor periphery. Cancer cells must then intravasate into blood or lymphatic vessels to disseminate to distant organs influenced by the "seed and soil" hypothesis where certain cell types metastasize to preferred organ sites.
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry. It begins by defining biochemistry as the science concerned with the chemical nature of living matter. Biochemistry has two branches - descriptive biochemistry which qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes cell components, and dynamic biochemistry which elucidates the nature and mechanisms of reactions between these components. The document then discusses the hierarchy of molecular organization within cells from basic precursors to macromolecules and organelles. It provides details on the structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as some of the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells like the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm.
Of all the living things, the human body in particular has been a source of curiosity by most of us. No doubt, the field of biology, anatomy and physiology provide us a clear venue to explore and understand it.
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiationpaigesirois
1) All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
3) Cell differentiation is the process by which less specialized cells develop into more distinct cell types with specialized structures and functions. For example, a single fertilized egg cell can develop into the many specialized cell types that make up a complex multicellular organism.
This document provides an introduction to life science concepts, including the seven characteristics of life, theories on the origin of life, and unifying themes in the study of life. It describes the key characteristics of living things as response to stimuli, metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, homeostasis, adaptation, and organization. Several theories on how life began are presented, such as spontaneous generation, biogenetic theory, and the Miller-Urey experiment. The unifying themes highlight biological systems, cellular basis of life, structure and function, reproduction and inheritance, environmental interactions, energy and life, regulation, evolution and diversity, and scientific inquiry.
The successful of pregnancy in humans and rodents occur between the interaction maternal and fetal
interface, specially involving the participation of uNK cells. This interaction involved neo angiogenesis,
placentation and presence of mediators like nitric oxide. During the pregnancy the administration of LPS
in the dams can results in necrosis, preterm birth, IUGR, miscarriage or neurological problem. Once the
uNK cells are activated, they can produce vasodilators, like NO. So, the main purpose of this study was
to evaluate if LPS cause alteration in the uNK cells in pregnant mice and if the same behaviour can be
detected by NO in the blood. Also we evaluated the effect of LPS to cause neurological injuries. To do that
we used pregnant mice on gd 10th and those was treated with LPS for different times. Uterine samples
were collected at 0.5,1,2 and 6hr after LPS treated and processed for paraffin embedding and tissue
homogenate. The samples designated for paraffin embedding was performed the Dolichos biflorus (DBA)
lectin cytochemistry and anti-iNOS immunocytochemistry. The samples designated to tissue homogenates
were processed for SDS-PAGE and Western-blot using anti-iNOS and evaluate of NO concentration. We
found after 2h LPS exposure the mice showed fever and low capacity to explore different environment.
At the same time, we found increase in the nitrate/nitrito ratio in a dose dependent manner in the uterus
after 2h LPS exposure.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
More Related Content
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This document provides an introduction to biology and discusses the relationships between biology, medicine, and engineering. It explains that biology and medicine study living organisms and biological functions, some of which can be modeled and analyzed using engineering principles. This led to the emergence of fields like biomedical engineering that apply engineering concepts to medical problems. Examples are given of how engineering tools have been used to address issues like the COVID-19 pandemic. Biological engineering is defined as applying biological principles and engineering tools to create useful products. The roles and examples of work done in bioengineering research are outlined.
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and play vital roles in virtually all Earth processes. Microbiology is the study of microbes like bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protozoa. These microbes are essential for nutrient cycling, biodegradation, climate change, food production and disease. Microbiologists make important discoveries that benefit society through vaccines, antibiotics, genome sequencing, and more. They also work to apply microbes beneficially in areas like healthcare, agriculture and environmental remediation.
Origin and migration of T and B cells. Hemopoietic stem cells originating in the yolk sac, fetal liver, or bone
marrow migrate through the blood to the thymus, where they differentiate into T lymphocytes. Others
differentiate within the bone marrow in mammals, or the bursa of Fabricius in birds, to produce B cells.
Mature T and B cells circulate in the blood and lymph and colonize the T and B cell compartments
of the lymphoid tissues
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE UNIFYING THEME OF LIFEFranciaFeDolor
The document outlines 10 unifying themes in biology:
1. Biological systems have organization across multiple scales from populations to ecosystems.
2. New properties emerge at each level of the biological hierarchy from atoms to biosphere.
3. Structure and function are directly related from cells to organisms, with structures determining functions.
4. Reproduction and inheritance involve sexual reproduction and inheritance of traits from parents via DNA.
5. Life requires energy transfer and transformation from the sun into usable forms.
6. Organisms interact continuously with their environment and other organisms through processes like photosynthesis.
7. Organisms maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments through feedback mechanisms.
8. Evolution and
This document outlines the general objectives of a course on human anatomy and physiology. It introduces key concepts like anatomy, physiology, and their subdisciplines. It describes the hierarchical levels of biological organization, from subatomic to ecosystems. It discusses several critical properties and processes shared by all living things, including cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, and development. Finally, it defines some important anatomical terminology.
Three reasons to disuse continuous cell lines.pdfRWDLifeScience
Continuous cell lines have the characteristics of convenient culture, wide variety, fast growth rate, low cost, and rapid research, which makes them have always been the first choice for cell-level studies .Although continuous cell lines are full of treasures, there are still some limitations in their application.
In order to better understand the essence of life and reveal the laws of life activities of cells, scientists have carried out a series of researches on cell proliferation, movement, metabolism, death and other activities.
This artical intruduce three reasons to disuse continuous cell lines.Let's click here to learn more.
The document discusses major geological drivers of evolution including tectonic plate movement, vulcanism, climate change, and meteorite impacts. Tectonic plate movement has caused continental drift and formation of supercontinents like Pangaea, affecting species distributions. Vulcanism causes both local and global climate changes through emission of gases and particles and formation of new land barriers and islands. Climate changes over geological timescales have also impacted evolution. Meteorite impacts have precipitated mass extinctions. These geological forces alter Earth's conditions and drive evolution through large-scale migrations, speciation events, mass extinctions, and adaptive radiations.
Comparing The 18Th Century Physician And Botanist Linnaeus...Natasha Barnett
- Linnaeus established a taxonomic system in the 18th century that classifies organisms in a hierarchy of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Later, biologists added the category of domain above kingdom to distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Prokaryotes, which include bacteria and archaea, are single-celled organisms that evolved earlier than eukaryotes and have simpler cellular structures without membrane-bound organelles. Their cells reproduce through binary fission.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share basic cellular components like DNA, ribosomes, and cell membranes. However, prokaryotes lack
What Is LifeBIO101 Version 32University of Phoenix Mater.docxphilipnelson29183
What Is Life?
BIO/101 Version 3
2
University of Phoenix Material
What Is Life?
Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and include reference citations.
1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments.
In the article, “How the Scientific Method Works, by William Harris (n.d.), the author describes the scientific method by first describing science and how the scientific method is useful in science. The article began by breaking down a definition of science. In this description, the author discusses how science is “both a search for information and a quest to explain how information fits together in meaningful ways” (Harris, n.d., p. 2, para 1). He also describes that science is based on observation, data, structure, and behavior (Harris, n.d.). The data must be analyzed to understand the world around us. Also, in science, predictions are made based on the observations and tested using experiments. The tests must be repeated to verify the results. The scientific method is a process as well as a way of thinking. To use the scientific method a scientists, or any type of researcher makes an observation, asks questions, forms a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis using experiments, and lastly shares results and gets feedback.
2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology.
According to the Royal Society of Chemistry (2004), “To understand biological substances and the changes that take place in living organisms you need a good knowledge of chemistry” (para 1). This article describes the numerous chemicals that make up living organisms. These chemicals include atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures, chemical bonds, and molecules. The most basic biological level is chemical. An atom is the smallest particle that makes up an organism. An element is a substance that is made up of atoms and is the simplest substance. Elements form compounds when a fixed ratio (specific number of protons, electrons, and neutrons) is present and a chemical reaction occurs. Compounds are needed to sustain life. Mixtures contain compounds. The cells of living organisms must separate mixtures. Chemical bonding is necessary so atoms can complete their outer shell of electrons. When a chemical reaction occurs atoms stay close to each other. There are three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Lastly, molecules are clusters of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds (Royal Society o.
Organelles in animal cells have specific functions that are important for cell survival. While plant and animal cells contain many of the same organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes, they differ in some aspects. For example, vacuoles are larger in plant cells than animal cells, and lysosomes are more commonly found in animal cells than plant cells. The cytoplasm contains these organelles and allows cellular processes like respiration and glycolysis to take place.
Living things have several key characteristics:
1. They are made of cells, the basic units of life.
2. They obtain and use energy. Autotrophs like plants make their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs like animals consume other organisms for food.
3. They grow, develop, and reproduce. Multicellular organisms grow by adding more cells through mitosis and development, while both unicellular and multicellular organisms reproduce sexually or asexually.
introduction to cell biology
Cell Biology
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
called Syringammina fragilissima, which can grow to a width of 4 inches.
– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology
(Gr., kytos = hollow vessel or cell; logos = to discourse).
Much of cell biology is devoted to the study of structures and functions of specialized cells.
Individual cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions.
1) Life is complex and organized at multiple levels from molecules to cells to organisms. All living things share common properties like being made of organic molecules, metabolism, cellular organization, heredity and adaptation.
2) Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - prokaryotes like bacteria and eukaryotes like plants and animals. Eukaryotes have internal membranes and organelles that allow more complex regulation.
3) While the exact mechanisms are still unknown, it is believed that early Earth conditions led to the formation of simple organic molecules through chemical reactions, eventually resulting in self-replicating living systems through a process of chemical and biological evolution.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in theoretical physics that happens when pairs or groups of particles are generated in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance. Instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole. Based on the theory of cancer as an evolutionary metabolic disease (Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of Cancer or EMHC), the cancerous cells are eukaryotic cells with different metabolic rate from healthy cells due to the damaged or shut down mitochondria in them. Assuming each human eukaryotic cell as a particle and the whole body as a Quantum Entangled System (QES), is a new perspective on the description of cancer disease, and this link between theoretical physics and biological sciences in the field of cancer therapies can be a new insight into the cause, prevention and treatment of cancer. Additionally, this perspective admits the Lamarckian evolution in the understanding of the mentioned disease. We have presented each human eukaryotic cell containing mitochondria as a QES, and the whole body containing healthy and normal cells as a QES as well. The difference between the entropy of the healthy cells and cancer cells has also been mentioned in this research.
Keywords: Quantum Entanglement, Cancer, Mitochondria, Evolution, Quantum Entangled System (QES), EMHC
The document discusses the mechanisms of cancer cell dissemination and survival outside the primary tumor during metastasis. It explains that premalignant niches in distant organs are primed before metastatic dissemination occurs. Cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to leave the primary tumor but then undergo mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) at the secondary site. Hypoxia in the primary tumor core promotes the migration of cancer cells to the tumor periphery. Cancer cells must then intravasate into blood or lymphatic vessels to disseminate to distant organs influenced by the "seed and soil" hypothesis where certain cell types metastasize to preferred organ sites.
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry. It begins by defining biochemistry as the science concerned with the chemical nature of living matter. Biochemistry has two branches - descriptive biochemistry which qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes cell components, and dynamic biochemistry which elucidates the nature and mechanisms of reactions between these components. The document then discusses the hierarchy of molecular organization within cells from basic precursors to macromolecules and organelles. It provides details on the structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as some of the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells like the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm.
Of all the living things, the human body in particular has been a source of curiosity by most of us. No doubt, the field of biology, anatomy and physiology provide us a clear venue to explore and understand it.
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiationpaigesirois
1) All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
3) Cell differentiation is the process by which less specialized cells develop into more distinct cell types with specialized structures and functions. For example, a single fertilized egg cell can develop into the many specialized cell types that make up a complex multicellular organism.
This document provides an introduction to life science concepts, including the seven characteristics of life, theories on the origin of life, and unifying themes in the study of life. It describes the key characteristics of living things as response to stimuli, metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, homeostasis, adaptation, and organization. Several theories on how life began are presented, such as spontaneous generation, biogenetic theory, and the Miller-Urey experiment. The unifying themes highlight biological systems, cellular basis of life, structure and function, reproduction and inheritance, environmental interactions, energy and life, regulation, evolution and diversity, and scientific inquiry.
Similar to Are There Vaccines Against Violence?_Crimson Publishers (19)
The successful of pregnancy in humans and rodents occur between the interaction maternal and fetal
interface, specially involving the participation of uNK cells. This interaction involved neo angiogenesis,
placentation and presence of mediators like nitric oxide. During the pregnancy the administration of LPS
in the dams can results in necrosis, preterm birth, IUGR, miscarriage or neurological problem. Once the
uNK cells are activated, they can produce vasodilators, like NO. So, the main purpose of this study was
to evaluate if LPS cause alteration in the uNK cells in pregnant mice and if the same behaviour can be
detected by NO in the blood. Also we evaluated the effect of LPS to cause neurological injuries. To do that
we used pregnant mice on gd 10th and those was treated with LPS for different times. Uterine samples
were collected at 0.5,1,2 and 6hr after LPS treated and processed for paraffin embedding and tissue
homogenate. The samples designated for paraffin embedding was performed the Dolichos biflorus (DBA)
lectin cytochemistry and anti-iNOS immunocytochemistry. The samples designated to tissue homogenates
were processed for SDS-PAGE and Western-blot using anti-iNOS and evaluate of NO concentration. We
found after 2h LPS exposure the mice showed fever and low capacity to explore different environment.
At the same time, we found increase in the nitrate/nitrito ratio in a dose dependent manner in the uterus
after 2h LPS exposure.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics Resistance Through Machine Learning ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics
Resistance Through Machine Learning and Pk/Pd
Analysis by Hyunjo Kim in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Growth Factors in the Human Body: A Conceptual Update_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCJMI
Growth factors are signaling molecules that stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. They were originally discovered through their effects on cell and tissue growth in culture. Growth factors act through paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine signaling and can be divided into families based on their structure and function. Some major growth factor families include transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor. Growth factors play roles in processes like wound healing but can also contribute to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and liver fibrosis when their regulation is abnormal.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results of a Laboratory-Based Survey by Gonçalves de Lima Neto in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
This document discusses the importance of an integrated research approach for developing microalgae fuels. It notes that interest in microalgae fuels has fluctuated with oil prices over time. While some technological advances have been made in individual stages of biomass production and processing, an integrated approach considering all stages together from strain selection to fuel conversion is needed to make the whole process economical. Each step in the process depends on and provides feedback to influence other steps. An integrated and continued research effort is required to generate realistic economic assessments for commercial scale microalgae fuel production.
Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study by Lamprini Gkaravela in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine by Andrei Alimov in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Comments of Clinical and Microbiological Experience with Daptomycin in Chroni...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comments of Clinical and Microbiological Experience with Daptomycin in Chronic Osteomyelitis Treatment by Marcano-Lozada Marcel in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Diseas...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Disease Infection and Promote Sustainable Development by Yi-Che Shih in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of M...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium spp. from Smear Positive and Negative Sputum Samples by Gülnur Tarhan in ohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptxMatSouthwell1
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdfSachin Sharma
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian FailureR3 Stem Cell
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
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NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.