The document discusses the basics of Arduino programming including: - Programs are composed of expressions, keywords, and numerics that can be compiled and interpreted. Arduino uses the C++ language. - Programs have a structure including variables, conditions, and repetitions. Variables store values, conditions evaluate values, and repetitions loop code. - The key elements of a program are variables, operators, conditions, arguments, repetitions, and functions. Functions perform specific tasks and can return values.

1. Arduino Programming

2. Program
• Set of expressions with keywords and
numerics
• Can be compiled and interpreted by the cpu.
• Can write using structured English and convert
to bytecode and machine code.
• Arduino Uses C++ language

3. Structure of a program
• Variables / constants / Arrays
– Use to store value(s) used by our program temporary or permanently
– Has a type of data to store (int, bool, char, String)
– Global / local
• Conditions / Arguments
– Used to evaluate a value against a value or condition
– IF Else , Switch case
• Repetitions
– Looping or repeating a set of instructions /code until a given condition
is met.
– While, Do While, For
• Functions
– Sub modules of a programme to perform a specific task by calling in
the main program. We can feed values to be used by a function.
– Void or return (has a data type)

4. Variables / constants / Arrays
• Declaration, Assign, Use, Modify
• Ex: int a=100;
• Ex: Const int =100;
• Ex: int Arr[]={1,2,3,4,5};

5. Operators
• Arethmatic = + , - , * , /
• Boolian = True, false (1,0)
• Comparison >=, <=, ==
• Assignment =
• Logical = &&, ||, != (and, or, not)

6. Conditions / Arguments
• IF(Condition)
{
//what to perform if condition is met
}
Else
{
// What to perform if condition is not met
}

7. Conditions / Arguments
• Switch(variable)
{
case label1:
// statements
break;
case label2:
// statements
break;
case default:
// statements
break;
}

8. Repetitions
• While(condition is true)
{
//Statements ;
}
• Do
{
}
While(condition is true);
• For(Condition)
{
//Statements ;
}

9. Functions
• Void func_name(Parameter1, parameter2)
{
Statements
}
int func_name(Parameter1, parameter2)
{
Statements
return 0;
}