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I
n just a few hours, the Titanic would be at the bottom of
the Atlantic Ocean.
Some 1,500 people—men, women, and children—
would be dead.
Yet at 11:00 that evening, April 14, 1912, there was
not the slightest hint of doom in the air. Jack Thayer,
17, had come outside to admire the brilliant sky before going to
bed. The stars were shining so brightly that they reminded Jack
of diamonds. The ocean was perfectly calm. All was quiet
except for the steady hum of the ship’s engines and the whistle of
a gentle breeze.
“It was the kind of night,” Jack would later recall, “that made
one glad to be alive.”
Indeed, this bright and curious boy from Philadelphia had much
to feel glad about. He and his parents were returning from a two-
month trip to Europe. Everywhere Jack looked, he saw signs of a
fast-changing world—a world made brighter by new electric lights,
made faster by motorcars and powerful steam engines, made safer by
breakthroughs in science.
4 S T O R Y W O R K S
Narrative Nonfiction
ISTOCKPHOTO.COM(BACKGROUND);THEGRANGERCOLLECTION(POSTER);BETTMANN/CORBIS(SHIP)
Jack Thayer (above) was thrilled
to be aboard the most luxurious
ship in the world.
DARK
Into
the
LOOK FOR WORD NERD’S 9 WORDS IN BOLD
Author’s Craft You are about to read two stories about
the same famous historical event. The first is nonfiction.
The second is a poem. As you read, pay attention to how the
author of each gives you information about the event.
UP
CLOSE
The Titanic was a symbol of all
of these changes—the biggest, most
elegant, most technologically advanced
ship ever built. How lucky Jack felt to be on
its first transatlantic voyage.
Even the Thayers, a family of great wealth,
were dazzled by the ship’s grandeur. Their large
first-class cabins were as fancy as rooms in the finest
hotels. There was a swimming pool with heated ocean
water and an exercise room staffed with a professional
trainer. Delicious meals were served on dishes etched
with gold.
Jack, with his dapper wool suits and worldly confidence,
mingled easily with the tycoons he met in the first-class lounge
and dining rooms. He especially enjoyed his conversations with
Thomas Andrews, the designer of the Titanic. Andrews was
modest. But he couldn’t deny that the Titanic’s maiden voyage was
a magnificent success. In three days, the ship was due to arrive in
New York to great fanfare.
W W W. S C H O L A S T I C . C O M / S T O R Y W O R K S • O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 5
WATER
Jack Thayer, 17, was on the voyage of a lifetime.
But then disaster struck. As the Titanic began to
sink, he was separated from his parents and lost
almost all hope for survival.
HISTORY
POEM
CONTEST!
Turn your favorite historical event
into a poem—and win big! See page 9.
BY LAUREN TARSHIS
6 S T O R Y W O R K S
standing with several of the ship’s officers.
Andrews’s grave expression sent a stab of fear
through Jack’s heart. If anyone understood the
Titanic’s true condition, it was the man who
knew the ship inside and out.
And the truth was terrifying. The iceberg’s
jagged fingers had clawed through the steel
hull. Water was gushing into the ship’s lower
levels. “The Titanic will sink,” Andrews said.
“We have one hour.”
That, though, was only half of the
horrifying story. As Jack would soon learn, the
Titanic had only 20 lifeboats, enough for about
“Unsinkable”
It was almost 11:30 when Jack went
back to his cabin, which was next to his
parents’ suite. He called good night to his
mother and father. Just as he was about to
get into bed, he swayed slightly. He realized
the ship had veered to the left—
“as though she had been
gently pushed,” he would
later say.
The engines stopped,
and for a moment,
there was a quiet that
was “startling and
disturbing.”
Then Jack heard
muffled voices and
running footsteps. He
threw on his overcoat and
slippers, told his parents he
was going to see what was
happening, and rushed outside.
Soon he was joined by a crowd
of first-class passengers, including his father.
Jack wasn’t worried. Indeed, there was a
mood of adventure, especially after news spread
that the ship had struck an iceberg. The men
in the crowd joked and puffed on cigars as
they craned their necks and squinted into the
dark night. They all wanted to see the object
that had dared interrupt the voyage of the
great Titanic.
“Nobody yet thought of any serious
trouble,” Jack would recall. “The ship was
unsinkable.”
That’s certainly what most people believed:
that the Titanic’s state-of-the-art safety
features—16 watertight compartments to
contain flooding—would keep the ship afloat
no matter what. So it was with no sense of
urgency that Jack and his father roamed the
ship, trying to find out when they would again
be under way.
But then Jack and his father saw Andrews
FROMTOPTOBOTTOM:SSPLVIAGETTYIMAGES;PAPHOTOS/ABACAPRESS.COM/NEWSCOM;SSPLVIAGETTYIMAGES;UNIVERSALIMAGESGROUP/GETTYIMAGES
While Jack Thayer and
the 353 other first-class
passengers dined in
fancy restaurants (above),
nearly a thousand
second- and third-
class passengers ate in
cafeterias like the one
below.
Many third-class
passengers were on
their way to America to
start new lives. Their
rooms, though cramped
and much less fancy
than those in first
class, were far more
comfortable than on
other liners.
First-class
tickets cost
$4,000
(about
$90,000
today).
half of the passengers and crew members.
The Titanic was 800 miles from New
York. The temperature of the ocean was
28° Fahrenheit. Immersed in water that
cold, a human body goes into shock almost
immediately. The heart slows. The skin begins
to freeze. Death comes within 80 minutes.
For those who couldn’t escape by lifeboat,
there was almost no hope of survival.
Lost in the Crowd
Jack put on a warm wool suit and a sweater.
He tied on his life preserver and slipped
into his overcoat, then he rushed back up to
the deck with his parents. What they found
was confusion and deafening noise—people
shouting, distress rockets being fired into the
air. Jack was with his parents and his mother’s
maid, Margaret Fleming. They were soon
joined by a young man named Milton Long,
whom Jack had befriended at dinner earlier
that night. The group made their way through
the ship, hoping to find a lifeboat.
Suddenly, they were in the middle of a
surging crowd of panicked passengers. To Jack’s
horror, he and Milton were separated from his
parents and Margaret. He searched desperately
but could not find them. He became convinced
that they had all boarded a lifeboat, leaving
him behind. And there were no lifeboats left.
Jack and Milton were on their own.
Amid the noise and panic, the screams
and shouts and explosions, Jack and Milton
tried to bolster each other’s courage as the ship
continued to sink. “I sincerely pitied myself,”
Jack said, “but we did not give up hope.”
They determined that their best chance
for survival was to wait until the ship was low
enough in the water that they could jump in
without injuring themselves.
That moment came at about 2:15 a.m.
The ship lurched forward, its bow plunging
deeper into the black waters of the Atlantic.
Jack and Milton shook hands and wished each
other luck.
Milton went first, climbing
over the railing and sliding down
the side of the ship. Jack would
never see him again.
Jack threw off his overcoat
and, he later said, “with a push of
my arms and hands, jumped into
the water as far out from the ship
as I could. . . . Down, down I went,
spinning in all directions.”
He struggled to the surface,
gasping from the cold, his lungs
near to bursting. He had been
floating for only a few minutes
when one of the ship’s enormous
funnels broke free. In a shower of
sparks and black smoke, it crashed
into the water just 20 feet from
Jack. The suction pulled him under
the water once again. This time he
barely made it back up.
W W W. S C H O L A S T I C . C O M / S T O R Y W O R K S • O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 7
COURTESYOFEXPEDITIONTITANIC
bow
hull
funnels
stern
The Titanic leaves
Southampton,
England, on its
maiden voyage.
Look
for these
ship words as
you read the
article.
But as he surfaced, his hand hit
something—an overturned lifeboat. Four
men were balancing on its flat bottom.
One of them helped Jack up. From there,
they watched the Titanic in its final agonizing
moments—the stern rising high into the sky,
hundreds of people dropping into the sea, the
lights finally going out.
Then, in a moment of eerie quiet, the ship
disappeared into the sea.
“A Wailing Chant”
The silence was broken by the first frantic
cries for help. People—hundreds of them—
were scattered everywhere in the water, kept
afloat by their life vests. The individual cries
became “a continuous wailing chant” of terror
and pain and desperation, Jack said.
Over the next few minutes, he and the
others on the lifeboat managed to pull 24 men
out of the water alive. The group was “packed
like sardines” on the boat, their arms and legs
tangled together. Freezing waves washed over
them. Nobody moved for fear of slipping into
the water.
Little by little,
the terrible wailing
faded.
Floating in the
silent blackness,
numb with cold and
fear, Jack waited for
death.
But then came
a light—at 4:30
a.m., a ship called
the Carpathia
broke through the
darkness. Its captain
had received the
Titanic’s distress call
and rushed his ship
through the icy
waters. Among the
first faces Jack saw when he boarded
the rescue ship was his mother’s.
Margaret was also aboard.
The joy of their reunion was
overwhelming—but so was the shock when
Jack’s mother asked a simple question.
“Where is your father?”
As it turned out, Mr. Thayer had not
boarded a lifeboat.
“Of course, I should have known that
he would never have left without me,” Jack
later said.
The Carpathia, carrying the Titanic’s 705
grief-stricken survivors, docked in New York
City on April 18 and was greeted by a crowd
of 30,000 people. Jack and his mother then
returned to Philadelphia.
Jack went on to marry, have two sons, and
attain a powerful position at the University
of Pennsylvania. Years later, he wrote his own
account of the sinking of the Titanic, dedicated
to his father’s memory.
Today, more than 100 years after the ship’s
sinking, stories of its survivors still fascinate and
inspire. In this way, the mighty ship sails on.
8 S T O R Y W O R K S
PAGE8:COURTESYOFEXPEDITIONTITANIC.PAGE9:MARCIECHEATHAM/E+/GETTYIMAGES(BACKGROUND);BETTMANN/CORBIS(NEWSPAPER)
Titanic survivors
wait for rescue.
Only about 30
percent of the
people on the
Titanic survived.
HISTORY POEM CONTEST!
Poet Irene Latham turned the story of the Titanic into a
beautiful poem. Let her poem inspire you to write your own
poem and enter our contest!
W W W. S C H O L A S T I C . C O M / S T O R Y W O R K S • O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 9
My maiden voyage
interrupted by an iceberg
clawing at my hull.
And still my engines
chugged, unsinkable
unsinkable unsinkable.
Alas, my armor could
not hold: I tipped like a top
and dipped ever so slowly
lower
	 and lower
	 into the icy Atlantic.
Oh, my passengers
and crew, how I failed you!
Not enough lifeboats,
not enough time for rescue.
In the end, what could I do
but sink and hide?
It’s true a ship cannot cry,
but every day I mourn
the many lives lost
that bleakest
		blackest
	night.
Titanic Remembers, April 16, 1912
By Irene Latham
Pick an exciting event from history and turn the story into a poem. Your
poem must include at least five factual details about the event. Send
entries to “Storyworks History Poem Contest” by November 15, 2013.
Five winners will receive a Storyworks prize. See page 2 for details.
ENTER OUR POETRY CONTEST!
TIPS ON
WRITING YOUR
HISTORY POEM
AVAILABLE
ONLINE!
S T O R Y W O R K SS T O R Y W O R K ST4
Narrative Nonfiction pgs. 4-9
COURTESYOFEXPEDITIONTITANIC
Into the Dark Water
Summary: This true account of a teen’s experience aboard
the doomed luxury liner is paired with a poem narrated from
the ship’s point of view. We hope the package will inspire your
students to enter our history poem contest!
Teaching Objective: This lesson will help your students
examine author’s craft and make connections between a
narrative-nonfiction article and a poem.
Featured Skills: analyzing author’s craft, making
connections across genres
Other Key Skills: vocabulary, close reading, key details,
text evidence, inferences, point of view, narrative writing
Content-Area Connection: 20th-century history
STEP-BY-STEP LESSON PLAN
Preparing to Read
1Watch a video (10 minutes, activity sheet
available online)
Distribute our video questions and quickly preview them with
the class. Show our “Storyworks Behind the Scenes” video, in
which Lauren Tarshis discusses researching and writing this
article. Have students pair up to answer the video questions.
2Preview vocabulary (5 minutes, activity
sheet available online)
Project or distribute our vocabulary activity sheet, which
includes a glossary of the article’s highlighted words. Preview
words and definitions with students. After they have read the
article, they should complete part 2 of the activity, which will
reinforce vocabulary. Highlighted words: grandeur, etched,
dapper, veered, urgency, immersed, desperately, bolster, agonizing
3Set a purpose for reading: Author’s craft
(5 minutes)
Invite a student to read aloud the Up Close box for the class.
Have students peruse the photos and captions that accompany
the article and poem. Ask them what historical event the
pieces are about. What do they already know about it?
Reading the Article
4Have students read the article in small groups, pausing at
the end of each section to share comments or questions.
Then instruct groups to reread sections and discuss the close-
reading questions. Afterward, they should answer the critical-
thinking question in class or as homework.
QUESTIONS
(activity sheet available online)
Close Reading (during second read, 15 minutes)
• What do you learn from the opening line of the article?
Why do you think the author starts this way? (author’s
craft) You learn that the Titanic is going to sink and that this
article will deal with the ship’s last few hours. The author opens
this way to create suspense and grab the reader’s interest.
• Which details in the third paragraph help you understand
what the evening of April 14, 1912, was like? (text
evidence) Details about what Jack Thayer saw, felt, and heard
show that the evening was calm and bright, giving no cause for
worry. He saw the “brilliant sky” and stars like “diamonds.” The
ocean was “perfectly calm” and there was a “gentle breeze.” The
only noise was “the steady hum of the ship’s engines.”
• What was Jack like? How do you know? (text evidence)
Jack was a wealthy, confident, and sociable 17-year-old. He was
returning from a two-month trip to Europe; his family had “great
wealth”; he wore stylish suits and spoke confidently with wealthy
adults and the ship’s designer in first-class areas.
• What was Jack’s first reaction to the trouble aboard the
Titanic? What made him change his mind? (key detail) At
first he thought the trouble was a fun adventure. He changed his
mind when he saw the ship’s designer, who knew that the boat
would sink.
• In the section “Lost in the Crowd,” what made Jack
decide to jump into the water? What happened to
Milton? (inference) Having been separated from his parents,
Jack assumed that they had already boarded a lifeboat and that
1
Lesson
Seventeen-year-old Jack Thayer’s voyage aboard the Titanic turns from dream to nightmare
T5
(TOP)MINHUONG;(BOTTOM)LANCELEKANDER
COMPLEXITY FACTORS
See how this story will challenge your students.
Purpose: The article has an explicit purpose to relate a teen’s experience during the sinking of the Titanic and an implicit
purpose to provide general information about that event.
Structure: The structure is mainly chronological but includes some instances of foreshadowing.
Language: The story contains some figurative language and some academic vocabulary, such as
grandeur and urgency.
Knowledge Demands: Comprehension will be aided by some prior knowledge of early-20th-century
culture.
Lexile Level: 870L
Guided Reading Level: S
ONLINE RESOURCES
Video: Behind the Scenes: Author’s Craft—
Author Lauren Tarshis discusses her article.
Differentiation: Lower-Lexile version of this
article; audio recordings of on-level and lower-Lexile
articles
Activities to print or project:
•	Video Questions
•	Vocabulary in Context
•	Close-Reading and Critical-Thinking Questions
•	Author’s Craft
•	Poet’s Craft
•	Core Skills Workout (4 activities)
•	Comprehension Quiz—Interactive or
Printable
www.scholastic.com/storyworks
O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3
jumping when the ship sank close to the water was his best chance
for survival. You can infer that Milton died.
• In “A Wailing Chant,” what can you infer from the
sentence “Little by little, the terrible wailing faded”?
(inference) People were gradually dying in the freezing water.
• Why was Jack’s reunion with his mother both joyful and
shocking? (key detail) Jack was joyful to find his mother alive
but shocked to learn that his father had died.
• Who narrates the poem “Titanic Remembers”? What
emotions does the narrator show? (point of view) The
Titanic narrates the poem. It shows grief and guilt that it failed
its passengers and many died.
Critical Thinking (after reading, 10 minutes)
• Quotes from Jack Thayer, looking back on the tragedy,
are woven throughout the article. Find and reread these
quotes. Why do you think the author included them?
(author’s craft) The author probably included them to help
readers understand what Jack was thinking and experiencing
minute by minute as the tragedy unfolded. The quotes also make
the story more personal.
Skill Focus: Author’s Craft
(20 minutes, activity sheet available online)
5The article “Into the Dark Water” uses suspense,
figurative language, and descriptive words to tell the
story of a teen’s experience aboard the Titanic. Download
our activity sheet to help students identify and analyze these
elements of author’s craft.
Skill Focus: Poet’s Craft
(20 minutes, activity sheet available online)
6Help students explore personification and other
elements of Irene Latham’s poem “Titanic Remembers,
April 16, 1912” with our activity sheet on poet’s craft. The
activity will also provide tips and help students start writing a
poem for our Storyworks History Poem Contest!
Vocabulary  Core Skills Workout
(activity sheets available online; time will vary)
7Direct students to return to the vocabulary activity you
distributed before reading, and ask them to complete
the second part. You will also find our Core Skills Workout
online; this includes activities on nonfiction text features,
text evidence, summarizing, and making inferences. More-
scaffolded and less-scaffolded versions are available for some
activities.
Common Core State Standards
This article and lesson support the following CCR anchor
standards: R.1, R.3, R.4, R.9, R.10, W.2, W.3, W.4, W.9,
SL.1, L.4, L.5, L.6
Go online to find specific grade-level correlations for grades 3
through 6.
Find the Evidence
This month’s nonfiction article “Into the Dark Water” tells the story of how one boy survived the
sinking of the Titanic. In this activity, you’ll explore how details in the article help you understand
the big picture of what happened during this terrible event.
Directions: Read each question below carefully. Some will ask you to select text evidence—or specific details
in the story—to support a statement. Others will ask you to respond in your own words, supporting your ideas
with text evidence.
1. When the Titanic first encountered trouble, Jack and the other passengers felt certain they were safe.
Circle the letter of the piece of text evidence that best demonstrates that they were not worried:
a. “The Titanic’s maiden voyage was a magnificent success.”
b. “There was a quiet that was ‘startling and disturbing.’ ”
c. “Indeed, there was a mood of adventure.”
d. “Jack heard muffled voices and running footsteps.”
2. In your own words, describe why the Titanic was said to be “unsinkable.” Use specific evidence from
pages 4–6 of the text.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Circle the letter for the two pieces of evidence that best explain the terrible situation all of the
passengers were in once the ship began to sink: 
a. “Andrews’s grave expression sent a stab of fear through Jack’s heart” and “Water was gushing into the
ship’s lower levels.”
b. “Nobody yet thought of any serious trouble” and “The ship was unsinkable.”
c. “Jack put on a warm wool suit and a sweater” and “Jack and Milton were on their own.”
d. “The Titanic had only 20 lifeboats” and “The temperature of the ocean was 28° Fahrenheit.”
Core Skills Workout: Text Evidenceactivity
Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________
“Into the Dark Water”
October 2013
© 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students.
Continued on next page
Find the Evidence, cont’d.
4. What does Jack’s quote “I sincerely pitied myself, but we did not give up hope” demonstrate about him?
a. Jack had the will to survive.
b. Jack was certain that he would die that night.
c. Jack wished that his parents had stayed with him.
d. Jack was ready to give up.
5. How does the author describe the final “agonizing” moments of the Titanic?
a. “Nobody moved for fear of slipping into the water.”
b. “The stern rising high into the sky, hundreds of people dropping into the sea, the lights finally going out.”
c. “Of course, I should have known that he would never have left without me.”
d. “Over the next few minutes, he and the others on the lifeboat managed to pull 24 men out of the water
alive.”
6. Identify three pieces of evidence from the section “A Wailing Chant” that describe what passengers
experienced from the time the Titanic sank to the moment the Carpathia arrived.
1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What conclusion could you draw from the article?
a. Only people who could swim were able to survive the night.
b. Mrs. Thayer was angry with Jack for leaving his father.
c. Ships are unsafe methods of travel and transportation.
d. The tragedy might not have been as bad if the ship had had enough lifeboats.
8. The author explains that “more than 100 years after the ship’s sinking, stories of survivors still
fascinate and inspire.” Explain why this story is still interesting. Use examples from the article.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
© 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students.
Core Skills Workout: Text Evidenceactivity
Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________
“Into the Dark Water”
October 2013
Exciting Writing
What makes “Into the Dark Water” so thrilling to read? How does it grip your attention?
The author, Lauren Tarshis, uses many writing techniques to make the article exciting. In this
activity, you’ll take a close look at what they are.
We put some sentences from the article through our Drastically Dullifying Machine. Look what happened:
Before After
“The stars were shining so brightly that they reminded Jack
of diamonds.” (p. 4)
Jack thought the stars were very bright.
“Their large first-class cabins were as fancy as rooms in the
finest hotels.” (p. 5)
Their large cabins were really fancy.
“Andrews’s grave expression sent a stab of fear through
Jack’s heart.” (p. 6)
Jack became scared when he saw the look on Andrews’s face.
1. How do the sentences on the left help you imagine what it was like to be on the Titanic? How do they differ from the
sentences on the right?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
	_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Here are more parts of the article that went through the machine:
Before After
“Everywhere Jack looked, he saw signs of a fast-changing
world—a world made brighter by new electric lights, made
faster by motorcars and powerful steam engines, made safer by
breakthroughs in science.” (p. 4)
Jack saw progress all around him.
“The Titanic was 800 miles from New York. The tempera-
ture of the ocean was 28° Fahrenheit. Immersed in water that
cold, a human body goes into shock almost immediately. The
heart slows. The skin begins to freeze. Death comes within 80
minutes.”
“For those who couldn’t escape by lifeboat, there was almost
no hope of survival.” (p. 7)
When the Titanic began to sink, people faced great danger.
If they couldn’t escape by lifeboat, they had almost no hope
of survival.
2. What do the passages on the left include that the passages on the right do not?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does this make the passages on the left more interesting?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Author’s Craftactivity
Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________
“Into the Dark Water”
October 2013
© 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students.
Continued on next page
Exciting Writing, p. 2
Personification is a tool authors sometimes use to enhance their writing. Personification is when an author
describes or talks about a nonhuman object or animal as if it were human. We put the article through the
Personification Identification Machine. This is what it found:
4. What object is being personified, or given human qualities, in these sentences? How does this object seem human in
each sentence?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Suspense is an anxious or uncertain feeling caused by not knowing what will happen. We know what will happen
to the Titanic from the very first sentence—and from history. But as the tragedy unfolds, Jack doesn’t know what
will happen to the ship, his family, or himself. Lauren tells the story in a way that makes us feel Jack’s uncertainty.
Look at these sentences that our Suspense Detection Machine found:
5. Find two more sentences that create suspense. Write them below, along with their page numbers.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Your turn! Use at least two of the writing techniques you examined here to write an exciting paragraph about one of these topics:
•	 the most unusual or scariest thing that ever happened to you during recess
•	 a time you were lost someplace
•	 an encounter with an animal
•	 an exciting topic of your choice
Author’s Craftactivity
Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________
“Into the Dark Water”
October 2013
© 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students.
“They all wanted to see the object that had dared interrupt the voyage of the great Titanic.” (p. 6)
“The iceberg’s jagged fingers had clawed through the steel hull.” (p. 6)
“The engines stopped, and for a moment, there was a quiet that was ‘startling and disturbing.’ ” (p. 6)
“ ‘The Titanic will sink,’ Andrews said. ‘We have one hour.’ ” (p. 6)
“Jack and Milton were on their own.” (p. 7)

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Into the Dark-Scholastic News Article

  • 1. I n just a few hours, the Titanic would be at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Some 1,500 people—men, women, and children— would be dead. Yet at 11:00 that evening, April 14, 1912, there was not the slightest hint of doom in the air. Jack Thayer, 17, had come outside to admire the brilliant sky before going to bed. The stars were shining so brightly that they reminded Jack of diamonds. The ocean was perfectly calm. All was quiet except for the steady hum of the ship’s engines and the whistle of a gentle breeze. “It was the kind of night,” Jack would later recall, “that made one glad to be alive.” Indeed, this bright and curious boy from Philadelphia had much to feel glad about. He and his parents were returning from a two- month trip to Europe. Everywhere Jack looked, he saw signs of a fast-changing world—a world made brighter by new electric lights, made faster by motorcars and powerful steam engines, made safer by breakthroughs in science. 4 S T O R Y W O R K S Narrative Nonfiction ISTOCKPHOTO.COM(BACKGROUND);THEGRANGERCOLLECTION(POSTER);BETTMANN/CORBIS(SHIP) Jack Thayer (above) was thrilled to be aboard the most luxurious ship in the world. DARK Into the LOOK FOR WORD NERD’S 9 WORDS IN BOLD Author’s Craft You are about to read two stories about the same famous historical event. The first is nonfiction. The second is a poem. As you read, pay attention to how the author of each gives you information about the event. UP CLOSE
  • 2. The Titanic was a symbol of all of these changes—the biggest, most elegant, most technologically advanced ship ever built. How lucky Jack felt to be on its first transatlantic voyage. Even the Thayers, a family of great wealth, were dazzled by the ship’s grandeur. Their large first-class cabins were as fancy as rooms in the finest hotels. There was a swimming pool with heated ocean water and an exercise room staffed with a professional trainer. Delicious meals were served on dishes etched with gold. Jack, with his dapper wool suits and worldly confidence, mingled easily with the tycoons he met in the first-class lounge and dining rooms. He especially enjoyed his conversations with Thomas Andrews, the designer of the Titanic. Andrews was modest. But he couldn’t deny that the Titanic’s maiden voyage was a magnificent success. In three days, the ship was due to arrive in New York to great fanfare. W W W. S C H O L A S T I C . C O M / S T O R Y W O R K S • O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 5 WATER Jack Thayer, 17, was on the voyage of a lifetime. But then disaster struck. As the Titanic began to sink, he was separated from his parents and lost almost all hope for survival. HISTORY POEM CONTEST! Turn your favorite historical event into a poem—and win big! See page 9. BY LAUREN TARSHIS
  • 3. 6 S T O R Y W O R K S standing with several of the ship’s officers. Andrews’s grave expression sent a stab of fear through Jack’s heart. If anyone understood the Titanic’s true condition, it was the man who knew the ship inside and out. And the truth was terrifying. The iceberg’s jagged fingers had clawed through the steel hull. Water was gushing into the ship’s lower levels. “The Titanic will sink,” Andrews said. “We have one hour.” That, though, was only half of the horrifying story. As Jack would soon learn, the Titanic had only 20 lifeboats, enough for about “Unsinkable” It was almost 11:30 when Jack went back to his cabin, which was next to his parents’ suite. He called good night to his mother and father. Just as he was about to get into bed, he swayed slightly. He realized the ship had veered to the left— “as though she had been gently pushed,” he would later say. The engines stopped, and for a moment, there was a quiet that was “startling and disturbing.” Then Jack heard muffled voices and running footsteps. He threw on his overcoat and slippers, told his parents he was going to see what was happening, and rushed outside. Soon he was joined by a crowd of first-class passengers, including his father. Jack wasn’t worried. Indeed, there was a mood of adventure, especially after news spread that the ship had struck an iceberg. The men in the crowd joked and puffed on cigars as they craned their necks and squinted into the dark night. They all wanted to see the object that had dared interrupt the voyage of the great Titanic. “Nobody yet thought of any serious trouble,” Jack would recall. “The ship was unsinkable.” That’s certainly what most people believed: that the Titanic’s state-of-the-art safety features—16 watertight compartments to contain flooding—would keep the ship afloat no matter what. So it was with no sense of urgency that Jack and his father roamed the ship, trying to find out when they would again be under way. But then Jack and his father saw Andrews FROMTOPTOBOTTOM:SSPLVIAGETTYIMAGES;PAPHOTOS/ABACAPRESS.COM/NEWSCOM;SSPLVIAGETTYIMAGES;UNIVERSALIMAGESGROUP/GETTYIMAGES While Jack Thayer and the 353 other first-class passengers dined in fancy restaurants (above), nearly a thousand second- and third- class passengers ate in cafeterias like the one below. Many third-class passengers were on their way to America to start new lives. Their rooms, though cramped and much less fancy than those in first class, were far more comfortable than on other liners. First-class tickets cost $4,000 (about $90,000 today).
  • 4. half of the passengers and crew members. The Titanic was 800 miles from New York. The temperature of the ocean was 28° Fahrenheit. Immersed in water that cold, a human body goes into shock almost immediately. The heart slows. The skin begins to freeze. Death comes within 80 minutes. For those who couldn’t escape by lifeboat, there was almost no hope of survival. Lost in the Crowd Jack put on a warm wool suit and a sweater. He tied on his life preserver and slipped into his overcoat, then he rushed back up to the deck with his parents. What they found was confusion and deafening noise—people shouting, distress rockets being fired into the air. Jack was with his parents and his mother’s maid, Margaret Fleming. They were soon joined by a young man named Milton Long, whom Jack had befriended at dinner earlier that night. The group made their way through the ship, hoping to find a lifeboat. Suddenly, they were in the middle of a surging crowd of panicked passengers. To Jack’s horror, he and Milton were separated from his parents and Margaret. He searched desperately but could not find them. He became convinced that they had all boarded a lifeboat, leaving him behind. And there were no lifeboats left. Jack and Milton were on their own. Amid the noise and panic, the screams and shouts and explosions, Jack and Milton tried to bolster each other’s courage as the ship continued to sink. “I sincerely pitied myself,” Jack said, “but we did not give up hope.” They determined that their best chance for survival was to wait until the ship was low enough in the water that they could jump in without injuring themselves. That moment came at about 2:15 a.m. The ship lurched forward, its bow plunging deeper into the black waters of the Atlantic. Jack and Milton shook hands and wished each other luck. Milton went first, climbing over the railing and sliding down the side of the ship. Jack would never see him again. Jack threw off his overcoat and, he later said, “with a push of my arms and hands, jumped into the water as far out from the ship as I could. . . . Down, down I went, spinning in all directions.” He struggled to the surface, gasping from the cold, his lungs near to bursting. He had been floating for only a few minutes when one of the ship’s enormous funnels broke free. In a shower of sparks and black smoke, it crashed into the water just 20 feet from Jack. The suction pulled him under the water once again. This time he barely made it back up. W W W. S C H O L A S T I C . C O M / S T O R Y W O R K S • O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 7 COURTESYOFEXPEDITIONTITANIC bow hull funnels stern The Titanic leaves Southampton, England, on its maiden voyage. Look for these ship words as you read the article.
  • 5. But as he surfaced, his hand hit something—an overturned lifeboat. Four men were balancing on its flat bottom. One of them helped Jack up. From there, they watched the Titanic in its final agonizing moments—the stern rising high into the sky, hundreds of people dropping into the sea, the lights finally going out. Then, in a moment of eerie quiet, the ship disappeared into the sea. “A Wailing Chant” The silence was broken by the first frantic cries for help. People—hundreds of them— were scattered everywhere in the water, kept afloat by their life vests. The individual cries became “a continuous wailing chant” of terror and pain and desperation, Jack said. Over the next few minutes, he and the others on the lifeboat managed to pull 24 men out of the water alive. The group was “packed like sardines” on the boat, their arms and legs tangled together. Freezing waves washed over them. Nobody moved for fear of slipping into the water. Little by little, the terrible wailing faded. Floating in the silent blackness, numb with cold and fear, Jack waited for death. But then came a light—at 4:30 a.m., a ship called the Carpathia broke through the darkness. Its captain had received the Titanic’s distress call and rushed his ship through the icy waters. Among the first faces Jack saw when he boarded the rescue ship was his mother’s. Margaret was also aboard. The joy of their reunion was overwhelming—but so was the shock when Jack’s mother asked a simple question. “Where is your father?” As it turned out, Mr. Thayer had not boarded a lifeboat. “Of course, I should have known that he would never have left without me,” Jack later said. The Carpathia, carrying the Titanic’s 705 grief-stricken survivors, docked in New York City on April 18 and was greeted by a crowd of 30,000 people. Jack and his mother then returned to Philadelphia. Jack went on to marry, have two sons, and attain a powerful position at the University of Pennsylvania. Years later, he wrote his own account of the sinking of the Titanic, dedicated to his father’s memory. Today, more than 100 years after the ship’s sinking, stories of its survivors still fascinate and inspire. In this way, the mighty ship sails on. 8 S T O R Y W O R K S PAGE8:COURTESYOFEXPEDITIONTITANIC.PAGE9:MARCIECHEATHAM/E+/GETTYIMAGES(BACKGROUND);BETTMANN/CORBIS(NEWSPAPER) Titanic survivors wait for rescue. Only about 30 percent of the people on the Titanic survived.
  • 6. HISTORY POEM CONTEST! Poet Irene Latham turned the story of the Titanic into a beautiful poem. Let her poem inspire you to write your own poem and enter our contest! W W W. S C H O L A S T I C . C O M / S T O R Y W O R K S • O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 9 My maiden voyage interrupted by an iceberg clawing at my hull. And still my engines chugged, unsinkable unsinkable unsinkable. Alas, my armor could not hold: I tipped like a top and dipped ever so slowly lower and lower into the icy Atlantic. Oh, my passengers and crew, how I failed you! Not enough lifeboats, not enough time for rescue. In the end, what could I do but sink and hide? It’s true a ship cannot cry, but every day I mourn the many lives lost that bleakest blackest night. Titanic Remembers, April 16, 1912 By Irene Latham Pick an exciting event from history and turn the story into a poem. Your poem must include at least five factual details about the event. Send entries to “Storyworks History Poem Contest” by November 15, 2013. Five winners will receive a Storyworks prize. See page 2 for details. ENTER OUR POETRY CONTEST! TIPS ON WRITING YOUR HISTORY POEM AVAILABLE ONLINE!
  • 7. S T O R Y W O R K SS T O R Y W O R K ST4 Narrative Nonfiction pgs. 4-9 COURTESYOFEXPEDITIONTITANIC Into the Dark Water Summary: This true account of a teen’s experience aboard the doomed luxury liner is paired with a poem narrated from the ship’s point of view. We hope the package will inspire your students to enter our history poem contest! Teaching Objective: This lesson will help your students examine author’s craft and make connections between a narrative-nonfiction article and a poem. Featured Skills: analyzing author’s craft, making connections across genres Other Key Skills: vocabulary, close reading, key details, text evidence, inferences, point of view, narrative writing Content-Area Connection: 20th-century history STEP-BY-STEP LESSON PLAN Preparing to Read 1Watch a video (10 minutes, activity sheet available online) Distribute our video questions and quickly preview them with the class. Show our “Storyworks Behind the Scenes” video, in which Lauren Tarshis discusses researching and writing this article. Have students pair up to answer the video questions. 2Preview vocabulary (5 minutes, activity sheet available online) Project or distribute our vocabulary activity sheet, which includes a glossary of the article’s highlighted words. Preview words and definitions with students. After they have read the article, they should complete part 2 of the activity, which will reinforce vocabulary. Highlighted words: grandeur, etched, dapper, veered, urgency, immersed, desperately, bolster, agonizing 3Set a purpose for reading: Author’s craft (5 minutes) Invite a student to read aloud the Up Close box for the class. Have students peruse the photos and captions that accompany the article and poem. Ask them what historical event the pieces are about. What do they already know about it? Reading the Article 4Have students read the article in small groups, pausing at the end of each section to share comments or questions. Then instruct groups to reread sections and discuss the close- reading questions. Afterward, they should answer the critical- thinking question in class or as homework. QUESTIONS (activity sheet available online) Close Reading (during second read, 15 minutes) • What do you learn from the opening line of the article? Why do you think the author starts this way? (author’s craft) You learn that the Titanic is going to sink and that this article will deal with the ship’s last few hours. The author opens this way to create suspense and grab the reader’s interest. • Which details in the third paragraph help you understand what the evening of April 14, 1912, was like? (text evidence) Details about what Jack Thayer saw, felt, and heard show that the evening was calm and bright, giving no cause for worry. He saw the “brilliant sky” and stars like “diamonds.” The ocean was “perfectly calm” and there was a “gentle breeze.” The only noise was “the steady hum of the ship’s engines.” • What was Jack like? How do you know? (text evidence) Jack was a wealthy, confident, and sociable 17-year-old. He was returning from a two-month trip to Europe; his family had “great wealth”; he wore stylish suits and spoke confidently with wealthy adults and the ship’s designer in first-class areas. • What was Jack’s first reaction to the trouble aboard the Titanic? What made him change his mind? (key detail) At first he thought the trouble was a fun adventure. He changed his mind when he saw the ship’s designer, who knew that the boat would sink. • In the section “Lost in the Crowd,” what made Jack decide to jump into the water? What happened to Milton? (inference) Having been separated from his parents, Jack assumed that they had already boarded a lifeboat and that 1 Lesson Seventeen-year-old Jack Thayer’s voyage aboard the Titanic turns from dream to nightmare
  • 8. T5 (TOP)MINHUONG;(BOTTOM)LANCELEKANDER COMPLEXITY FACTORS See how this story will challenge your students. Purpose: The article has an explicit purpose to relate a teen’s experience during the sinking of the Titanic and an implicit purpose to provide general information about that event. Structure: The structure is mainly chronological but includes some instances of foreshadowing. Language: The story contains some figurative language and some academic vocabulary, such as grandeur and urgency. Knowledge Demands: Comprehension will be aided by some prior knowledge of early-20th-century culture. Lexile Level: 870L Guided Reading Level: S ONLINE RESOURCES Video: Behind the Scenes: Author’s Craft— Author Lauren Tarshis discusses her article. Differentiation: Lower-Lexile version of this article; audio recordings of on-level and lower-Lexile articles Activities to print or project: • Video Questions • Vocabulary in Context • Close-Reading and Critical-Thinking Questions • Author’s Craft • Poet’s Craft • Core Skills Workout (4 activities) • Comprehension Quiz—Interactive or Printable www.scholastic.com/storyworks O C T O B E R 2 0 1 3 jumping when the ship sank close to the water was his best chance for survival. You can infer that Milton died. • In “A Wailing Chant,” what can you infer from the sentence “Little by little, the terrible wailing faded”? (inference) People were gradually dying in the freezing water. • Why was Jack’s reunion with his mother both joyful and shocking? (key detail) Jack was joyful to find his mother alive but shocked to learn that his father had died. • Who narrates the poem “Titanic Remembers”? What emotions does the narrator show? (point of view) The Titanic narrates the poem. It shows grief and guilt that it failed its passengers and many died. Critical Thinking (after reading, 10 minutes) • Quotes from Jack Thayer, looking back on the tragedy, are woven throughout the article. Find and reread these quotes. Why do you think the author included them? (author’s craft) The author probably included them to help readers understand what Jack was thinking and experiencing minute by minute as the tragedy unfolded. The quotes also make the story more personal. Skill Focus: Author’s Craft (20 minutes, activity sheet available online) 5The article “Into the Dark Water” uses suspense, figurative language, and descriptive words to tell the story of a teen’s experience aboard the Titanic. Download our activity sheet to help students identify and analyze these elements of author’s craft. Skill Focus: Poet’s Craft (20 minutes, activity sheet available online) 6Help students explore personification and other elements of Irene Latham’s poem “Titanic Remembers, April 16, 1912” with our activity sheet on poet’s craft. The activity will also provide tips and help students start writing a poem for our Storyworks History Poem Contest! Vocabulary Core Skills Workout (activity sheets available online; time will vary) 7Direct students to return to the vocabulary activity you distributed before reading, and ask them to complete the second part. You will also find our Core Skills Workout online; this includes activities on nonfiction text features, text evidence, summarizing, and making inferences. More- scaffolded and less-scaffolded versions are available for some activities. Common Core State Standards This article and lesson support the following CCR anchor standards: R.1, R.3, R.4, R.9, R.10, W.2, W.3, W.4, W.9, SL.1, L.4, L.5, L.6 Go online to find specific grade-level correlations for grades 3 through 6.
  • 9. Find the Evidence This month’s nonfiction article “Into the Dark Water” tells the story of how one boy survived the sinking of the Titanic. In this activity, you’ll explore how details in the article help you understand the big picture of what happened during this terrible event. Directions: Read each question below carefully. Some will ask you to select text evidence—or specific details in the story—to support a statement. Others will ask you to respond in your own words, supporting your ideas with text evidence. 1. When the Titanic first encountered trouble, Jack and the other passengers felt certain they were safe. Circle the letter of the piece of text evidence that best demonstrates that they were not worried: a. “The Titanic’s maiden voyage was a magnificent success.” b. “There was a quiet that was ‘startling and disturbing.’ ” c. “Indeed, there was a mood of adventure.” d. “Jack heard muffled voices and running footsteps.” 2. In your own words, describe why the Titanic was said to be “unsinkable.” Use specific evidence from pages 4–6 of the text. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the letter for the two pieces of evidence that best explain the terrible situation all of the passengers were in once the ship began to sink: a. “Andrews’s grave expression sent a stab of fear through Jack’s heart” and “Water was gushing into the ship’s lower levels.” b. “Nobody yet thought of any serious trouble” and “The ship was unsinkable.” c. “Jack put on a warm wool suit and a sweater” and “Jack and Milton were on their own.” d. “The Titanic had only 20 lifeboats” and “The temperature of the ocean was 28° Fahrenheit.” Core Skills Workout: Text Evidenceactivity Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________ “Into the Dark Water” October 2013 © 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students. Continued on next page
  • 10. Find the Evidence, cont’d. 4. What does Jack’s quote “I sincerely pitied myself, but we did not give up hope” demonstrate about him? a. Jack had the will to survive. b. Jack was certain that he would die that night. c. Jack wished that his parents had stayed with him. d. Jack was ready to give up. 5. How does the author describe the final “agonizing” moments of the Titanic? a. “Nobody moved for fear of slipping into the water.” b. “The stern rising high into the sky, hundreds of people dropping into the sea, the lights finally going out.” c. “Of course, I should have known that he would never have left without me.” d. “Over the next few minutes, he and the others on the lifeboat managed to pull 24 men out of the water alive.” 6. Identify three pieces of evidence from the section “A Wailing Chant” that describe what passengers experienced from the time the Titanic sank to the moment the Carpathia arrived. 1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What conclusion could you draw from the article? a. Only people who could swim were able to survive the night. b. Mrs. Thayer was angry with Jack for leaving his father. c. Ships are unsafe methods of travel and transportation. d. The tragedy might not have been as bad if the ship had had enough lifeboats. 8. The author explains that “more than 100 years after the ship’s sinking, stories of survivors still fascinate and inspire.” Explain why this story is still interesting. Use examples from the article. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students. Core Skills Workout: Text Evidenceactivity Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________ “Into the Dark Water” October 2013
  • 11. Exciting Writing What makes “Into the Dark Water” so thrilling to read? How does it grip your attention? The author, Lauren Tarshis, uses many writing techniques to make the article exciting. In this activity, you’ll take a close look at what they are. We put some sentences from the article through our Drastically Dullifying Machine. Look what happened: Before After “The stars were shining so brightly that they reminded Jack of diamonds.” (p. 4) Jack thought the stars were very bright. “Their large first-class cabins were as fancy as rooms in the finest hotels.” (p. 5) Their large cabins were really fancy. “Andrews’s grave expression sent a stab of fear through Jack’s heart.” (p. 6) Jack became scared when he saw the look on Andrews’s face. 1. How do the sentences on the left help you imagine what it was like to be on the Titanic? How do they differ from the sentences on the right? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Here are more parts of the article that went through the machine: Before After “Everywhere Jack looked, he saw signs of a fast-changing world—a world made brighter by new electric lights, made faster by motorcars and powerful steam engines, made safer by breakthroughs in science.” (p. 4) Jack saw progress all around him. “The Titanic was 800 miles from New York. The tempera- ture of the ocean was 28° Fahrenheit. Immersed in water that cold, a human body goes into shock almost immediately. The heart slows. The skin begins to freeze. Death comes within 80 minutes.” “For those who couldn’t escape by lifeboat, there was almost no hope of survival.” (p. 7) When the Titanic began to sink, people faced great danger. If they couldn’t escape by lifeboat, they had almost no hope of survival. 2. What do the passages on the left include that the passages on the right do not? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How does this make the passages on the left more interesting? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Author’s Craftactivity Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________ “Into the Dark Water” October 2013 © 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students. Continued on next page
  • 12. Exciting Writing, p. 2 Personification is a tool authors sometimes use to enhance their writing. Personification is when an author describes or talks about a nonhuman object or animal as if it were human. We put the article through the Personification Identification Machine. This is what it found: 4. What object is being personified, or given human qualities, in these sentences? How does this object seem human in each sentence? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Suspense is an anxious or uncertain feeling caused by not knowing what will happen. We know what will happen to the Titanic from the very first sentence—and from history. But as the tragedy unfolds, Jack doesn’t know what will happen to the ship, his family, or himself. Lauren tells the story in a way that makes us feel Jack’s uncertainty. Look at these sentences that our Suspense Detection Machine found: 5. Find two more sentences that create suspense. Write them below, along with their page numbers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Your turn! Use at least two of the writing techniques you examined here to write an exciting paragraph about one of these topics: • the most unusual or scariest thing that ever happened to you during recess • a time you were lost someplace • an encounter with an animal • an exciting topic of your choice Author’s Craftactivity Name:____________________________________ Date:_____________ “Into the Dark Water” October 2013 © 2013 Scholastic Inc. Teachers may make copies of this page to distribute to their students. “They all wanted to see the object that had dared interrupt the voyage of the great Titanic.” (p. 6) “The iceberg’s jagged fingers had clawed through the steel hull.” (p. 6) “The engines stopped, and for a moment, there was a quiet that was ‘startling and disturbing.’ ” (p. 6) “ ‘The Titanic will sink,’ Andrews said. ‘We have one hour.’ ” (p. 6) “Jack and Milton were on their own.” (p. 7)