American Diversity and Design

1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York
ARC 211 – American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017
Online Discussion Questions
Shannon Ferris
http://www.theimaginativeconservative.org/2015/07/is-equality-greater-than-freedom.html

2. Introduction
This class has broadened my view of how I interact with everyday items as well as spectacular,
new designs. I am constantly questioning the capability of designs to be more welcoming to
diversity or more environmentally friendly. This thought process is applied to the buildings I see
and the products I use. Also, from this class, my mind was opened up to the many diversity
issues our society faces. When I used to think of diversity my main thought was race. Now, I
know diversity applies to race, gender, age,
religion, and more. I learned a lot about Buffalo
from this course and the impacts of design right
here in my home city. That is something I will
take away from this course. I enjoyed learning
and sharing ideas about Olmstead’s parks and
discussing the diversity of different structures
throughout the city. I enjoyed having this kind of
class in the mix of my business classes. The
thought provoking questions we were asked on a
weekly basis really exercised my mind as they
were different from the usual math I am used to
doing. This class has left a lasting impact on me
in the way I view diversity in relation to design,
and also has helped me gain skills of sharing
ideas with peers. The following pages document
my responses to the online discussion questions
in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American
Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo
– State University of New York.
(Photo of me in Buffalo taken by my mom)

3. Response to “What is design?” from Hello World
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one
of the most powerful and enduring empires in the history of China. She explained how design
innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry,
he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies
great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S.Describe an
innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in
the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were
any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and
patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to
transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social
and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make
decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to
rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage.
The way I live my life today is vastly different from the way my parents live when they
were 20 years old. One major difference is the invention of Netflix and other movie/TV
streaming services. A monthly subscription to Netflix gives the customer access to a wide
variety of movies, documentaries, and television series on up to five devices. This service
gives us the ability to have entertainment at our finger tips wherever we have access to Wi-
Fi. And actually, they recently introduced a download feature, so Wi-Fi is no longer a
necessity which is convenient for travel. For most people of my generation, Netflix is the
only form of television they pay for, so even cable is becoming a thing of the past.
Blockbuster and most other movie rental stores have gone out of business because of the
streaming services. There is no longer a need to leave the comfort of our homes to obtain a
DVD. As a result, physical DVD sales have decreased. Because our generation has made
this world almost completely digital, old people who lived most of their lives without the
internet are negatively affected by the invention of Netflix. For someone who didn’t grow
up with technology at their fingertips, learning how to use Netflix may be complicated.

4. http://www.lexician.com/lexblog/2014/03/netflix-blockbuster-and-the-law-firm-model/

5. Response to “Introduction” from Diversity and Design
On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and
public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been
the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have
changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For
example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness
about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and,
finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in
public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication,
and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb
cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did
it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and
development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment.
Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are
underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically
disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
The Boy Scouts of America, a youth organization known for following the influences of
Christianity, has recently opened its doors to transgender boys. The organization used to
require a birth certificate as part of the application process. Now, a simple check mark on
an application is all that is required. The change in the application design raised a lot of
concern for some while also resulting in celebration for others. After the announcement
from Chief Scout Executive, some expressedconfusion while others frustration stating, “So
I think this changes the culture completely of Boy Scouts… There’s a reason they’re called
Boy Scouts” (Gildea). On the other hand, the eight-year-old boy from New Jersey who
changed the foundation of this organization, is feeling victorious. He and his family opened
this opportunity for future transgender boy scouts.
Gildea, Terry. “Boy Scouts' Transgender Policy Gets Mixed Reaction From Troops.” NPR, NPR, 31
Jan. 2017, www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512702659/boy-scouts-transgender-policy-gets-mixed-
reaction-from-troops. Accessed 29 Apr. 2017.

6. http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-applaud-boy-scouts-lifting-
transgender-ban-n714926

7. Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and
Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass
media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to
add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event?
The photographs shown in Photos That Changed the World were taken with a goal in mind,
to be distributed to the public. Because of this role, they would be placed in the left box of
Croteau and Hoynes’ “Model of Media and the Social World” labeled “Media Message or
Product”. The reason these photographs are well known is because the photographers are
influenced by the event and feel that through a media outlet, the world should also be
influenced. This relationship between photographs, media, and audience is displayed in the
model. The author states that the model is a “circular, multidimensional process” (page
25). This means that the photographs do not always influence what is displayed in the
media, but at times the media can also influence what is photographed. The reaction of
those in the media and its audience are the reason the photos in the Ted Talk had a lasting
impression.
The attached photo has become a symbol for one of the most heart-wrenching tragedies in
America. Taken in the midst of hearing her sister had been killed in an attempt to save her
students, Carlee Soto’s picture was plastered in the media for weeks following the shooting
at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Looking back on the photo, Carlee expressed, “It’s like
a reminder of that moment all over again. It kills” (Quigley). While a select group of
people can directly relate to Soto’s agony and heartbreak, the rest of the nation grieves at
the sight of this photo. The snapshot of this moment and its widespread throughout the
media also represents the heroism of Victoria Soto on this tragic day in history.
Quigley, Rachel. “'It's a Reminder All over Again, It Kills': Vicki Soto's Sister Talks about Gut-
Wrenching Picture of Her Crying That Has Come to Represent the Sandy Hook
Massacre.” Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 18 Dec. 2012,
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2249984/Sandy-Hook-teacher-Victoria-Sotos-sister-talks-gut-
wrenching-picture-crying.html. Accessed 29 Apr. 2017.

8. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2249984/Sandy-Hook-teacher-Victoria-Sotos-sister-
talks-gut-wrenching-picture-crying.html

9. Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two
hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two
hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings
do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And
how are they different from one another?
As today’s society becomes more digital and technology continues to advance, social media
is taking over all aspects of life. Politics is one aspect of life that certainly takes a spotlight
on social media. The two hats discussed were both commonly seenon Facebook and
Twitter as a proclamation of political affiliation. They became topics of conversations and
in come cases, the kindle for arguments.
The bold red hats with with the slogan “Make America Great Again” displayed across the
front represents not only the support of President Trump, but also the supporters’ courage
to blatantly endorse such a controversial former candidate. Unlike past elections that I
recall, many people were hesitant to express their political beliefs because of who was
representing their political party. Only the proudest Republicans felt no shame as they
displayed the red hat during election season. On the other hand, the pink hats were not
only in support of the other party, but also showing frustration with the Republican
President. Those participating in the Women’s March on Washington wore their hats to
show their anger towards the President’s gruesome words and treatment of women.
Both hats are similar in that their design is simplistic. The red hat with white lettering
could not be more simple and does a good job of clearing displaying its message. The pink
hat is a simple, recreatable crochet pattern. I believe they were both intended to be simple
so that they are easy to find or reproduce. The simplicity of the designs make it is easier
for Americans to get their hands on the hat of their choosing.
The hats differ in many ways. The red hat is a stiff baseball cap with rigid lines and Times
New Roman lettering. This bluntness of the design corresponds with its message to
America. Whereas the pink hat is of softer fabric, and appears to be fuzzy and warm.
Another difference is that the red hat has words which convey the message while the pink
hat, itself, is a metaphor for the message it intends to send.

10. http://www.businessinsider.com/pussy-hats-womens-march-washington-trump-inauguration-
2017-2

11. Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and “The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive Al”
by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the
methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the
standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With
Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient
and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible.
What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did
this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now
consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do
you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these
changes will affect our U.S. society?
Several advancements have contributed to the way companies are run in the world today.
One of the most significant is Ford’s production line. John Heskett explains that as a result
of the production line, the amount of firms in certain markets has increased, as well as the
competitiveness between them. Goods were being produced in mass quantities quicker and
cheaper than before which resulted in firms entering the market. As a result of increased
competition, companies needed to advertise their products so that theirs would out sell the
other firms’. Marketing and advertising became more of a prominent aspect of business
because of the production line.
In today’s production designs we are seeing robots being utilized like never before.
Maurice Conti explains in his TED Talk that, within the next twenty years, robots used in
manufacturing will be less passive and more generative. By this, he means that instead of
taking orders from humans, the robots will be working with humans to produce new ideas.
I agree with Conti and hope that instead of using robots to replace the jobs of humans in
production, that we develop robots to enhance our ability to work and perform skills
beyond human’s capabilities. Once robots develop cognitive skills, they will be able to set
goals, work intuitively, and work alongside humans not only in the production stage, but
also the imaginative design aspect. This will change our society in the way we give credit to
inventions. Will the credit be given directly to the robot, or to the person who built the
robot? Also, inventors are commonly referred to as role models. If robots are eventually
the core creator of an invention, will they also be seenas an influences? These are aspects
of our changing future that will take some getting used to.

12. http://news.mit.edu/2013/humans-robots-interaction-cross-training-0211

13. Response to IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept
developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this
product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any products that embrace Cradle-
to-Cradle design, please describe and cite.
The Cradle-to-Cradle concept of design encompasses the idea of borrowing materials as
opposed to using them, which results in waste. The Rolls Royce Dawn, a 2016 IDEA Gold
Award winner, defies the Cradle-to-Cradle concept. The luxury vehicle is not made from
recycled materials nor is it powered by a renewable energy source. These two factors
break both the technical and biological cycles of C2C. One product that demonstrates
Cradle-to-Cradle designs methods is clothing made from hemp. The hemp plant requires
no pesticides and less water than cotton to grow (Martino). Making fabric directly from a
plant that is able to be recycled follows the Cradle-to-Cradle’s technical cycle of
eliminating waste.
Martino, Joe. “Hemp vs Cotton: The Ultimate Showdown.” Collective Evolution, 26 Aug. 2013,
www.collective-evolution.com/2013/07/17/hemp-vs-cotton-the-ultimate-showdown/. Accessed
29 Apr. 2017.
https://blogs.nordstrom.com/fashion/earth-day-2014-spotlight-eileen-fisher-eco-collection/

14. Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture.
Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch translated into space.”
Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as
the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and
culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with
sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do
each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT
method to respond to this question.)
The Virginia State Capitol, designed my Thomas Jefferson, is a piece of
architecture that displays sensibilities of the past. Veering away from the
colonial, British-influenced designs that already existed in Virginia, Jefferson
designed the building to be an exact replica of a Roman temple. As a result of
Jefferson bringing this type of architecture to the western world, more
buildings were built just like it and the design is a symbol of that era. The
pillars are the most notable aspect of the building which can be seen in many
other state buildings and political offices. This kind of bold, clean,
symmetrical architecture is not built today.
The residential high-rise in Chicago, known as “Aqua”, is an architectural
design with sensibilities of the future. The overall look of building is futuristic,
like something out of a movie. A sky scraper that is anything but a giant
rectangle emerging from the ground is sure to catch the public’s attention.
This high rise does exactly that. At its core, Aqua is just a rectangular building,
but it has balconies protruding from every floor and a vary scattered,
asymmetrical manner. These balconies look like waves, giving the building its
name. Architect Jeanna Gang emphasized building relationships through her
designs. The balconies are not placed at random, but rather strategically so
that neighbors can see each other and do not feel close off from one another.
Despite the overwhelming influence of technology and social media in my
generation, this design works to enhance social interaction. The feeling of
human connection and having a neighbor is a very important aspect in
residential high rises that I think designs of the future should incorporate.

15. http://inhabitat.com/jeanne-gangs-green-roofed-aqua-tower-ripples-up-towards-the-
chicago-sky/aqua-chicago-jeanne-gang-5

16. Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the
sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on
architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to
this question.)
Ballantyne and Zumthor both discuss architecture in relation to their designs’
surroundings and connection to nature. Zumthor strives to design buildings that become a
part of their surroundings. While Ballantyne breaks the boundaries between the identity
of a building and its environment, stating that one is not whole without the other.
Zumthor believes his designs and buildings, alone, are masterpieces and compares his work
to other forms of art. He believes the design process, from sketches to material use to
construction, assume a poetic structure detail that requires attention and detail. Along
with Zumthor’s poetic way of thinking, he also believes that the buildings he designs fit in
with nature in a way that they can live through generations. He expressed, “They make the
impression of being a self-evident part of their surroundings and they seemto be saying: ‘I
am as you see me and I belong here’” (page 18). By this he means that his designs are able
to live past and without humans because they can stand alone as pieces of art.
On the other hand, Ballantyne encompasses the idea of design with human interaction. He
believes a building is just a building until it comes alive through its inhabitants. He
discusses the importance of comfort and familiarity in the process of designing a building.
Ballantyne further explains, “Without its inhabitants investing the dwelling with their
ethos, the building becomes precisely as lifeless as an empty shell” (page 48). By this he
means that a building can be as beautifully thought out and decorated as an architect
would hope, but without humans giving the building life, it is useless.
http://splitrockre.blogspot.com/2012/04/is-this-really-time-to-be-thinking.html

17. Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning
can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights
of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in
which you grew up?
The town of Hamburg, NY is known for being quaint but modern. The village underwent
major construction during the summer of 2008 to replace four major traffic lights with
four roundabouts. These roundabouts were placed along the main route of the village
which decreases traffic congestion and creates a convenience that is unlike any other town
in the area. This main route was also enhanced with widened bicycle lanes, getting
bicyclists off the sidewalks leaves more room for pedestrians. The roundabouts contain
clearly marked cross walks that increase safety. These changes to Hamburg made the town
more convenient for both motorists and pedestrians.
Another well designed plan of Hamburg is the location of the high school and middle
school. The two schools are located in the same street, separated by a perpendicular street
and schools’ turf field. This creates a convenience for parents dropping of their children
and also allows the two schools to share the field. The congestion of school traffic is
avoidable by surrounding routes for other morning commuters. Although the schools are
in their own area, they are both walking distance to the main street of the village allowing
students to walk to school or into the village after school.
John Levy states, “Planners may be concerned with shaping the pattern of growth to
develop a sensible and attractive land-use pattern.” Hamburg is always growing and
developing to enhance its well thought out, centrally located village.

18. image screenshotted from Google Maps

19. Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author
of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant
Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a
plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to
do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise
to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you
do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers
of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
Emily Talen’s focus of design is creating diversity within a community. Therefore, she
would rebuild Pruitt Igoe with the intent of embracing diversity. One way she could
increase diversity designing and advertising it in a way that appeals not only to those who
need low-income housing, but also to working class citizens. The importance of diversity
within a community is the sharing of backgrounds and ideas. Talen stated, “Economists
maintain that diverse human populations are more productive because they are ap to
promote new ways of thinking (Lazear 2000)” (page 238). The Pruitt Igoe community
could have thrived had there been a mixture of education levels and different past
experiences. The old Pruitt Igoe was occupied by mainly poor and uneducated families, so
when there came a need to protest for lower rent, the ideas were not diversified and
therefore ineffective.
Kent Larson’s rebuild of Pruitt Igoe would focus on creating a sense of community between
the residents and the surrounding area. He would design the living spaces in a way that
could be personalized by its inhabitants so the apartments feel like more of a home. This
would create a sense of pride and responsibility for the tenants to keeptheir apartments
clean. In the center of Larson’s Pruitt Igoe there would be a community center that could
be a safe place for people to gather. Also at this community center would be a bus stop. A
lot of the crime that occurred was because tenants were always there and had nothing else
to do. A form of transportation to get away from the apartments would not only decrease
crime, but increase job and education opportunities.
My rebuild of Pruitt Igoe would be a smaller complex. A smaller complex would cut down
on building costs and also lighten how much maintenance is needed. Because money and
maintenance was such an issue for Pruitt Igoe, tenants could be hired as maintenance
workers in exchange for discounted rent. With one family member having an outside job
and another working for the apartment, food and other necessities could become more
affordable because of not having to pay such a high rent. This solution could avoid the
financial collapse of Pruitt Igoe.

20. http://www.gmnsight.org/learning-with-diverse-communities-through-culturally-responsive-
evaluation/

21. Response to F.L. Olmstead
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted
stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the
United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make
that claim today? Why or why not?
I believe Olmstead coined Buffalo the most planned city in the United States because of the
clean slate it used to be and its potential to be developed. Olmstead was able to plan and
design three different parks and, furthermore, connect them all with parkways. Not many
other cities would have the open area needed for this type of design. Olmstead had an
emphasize on connectivity which he not only implemented in his parks, but also with the
State Insane Asylum and the Forest Lawn Cemetery. Buffalo’s layout allowed Olmstead to
design these parks and further develop the city.
I think Olmstead would still make this claim today. The whole city is a grid stemming
from Niagara Square at the southern tip of the city. Certain roads at Niagara Square run
from the central location to the outer most parts of the city. Delaware Ave., for example,
begins upon exiting the skyway and runs past Olmstead’s Delaware Park. A professor in
the UB School of Architecture and Planning, Robert Shibley, affirms Olmstead’s claim by
stating, “I suggest that Buffalo’s character is directly attributable to the fundamental
relationships among our water, our radial and grid plan and our park system, the
combination resulting in what Olmstead called ‘the best planned city in America’”
(Shibley). Olmstead’s emphasis on connectivity is still maintained in Buffalo through its
layout, roadways, and water sources.
Shibley, Robert G. “Buffalo Is Still the Best Planned City in America.” Study Architecture or
Planning in America's Best Planned City - School of Architecture and Planning-UB - University
at Buffalo, 4 Mar. 2013, ap.buffalo.edu/research/related/faculty-research-
perspectives.host.html/content/shared/ap/students-faculty-alumni/perspectives/buffalo-is-still-
the-best-planned-city-in-america.detail.html. Accessed 30 Apr. 2017.

22. http://ap.buffalo.edu/research/related/faculty-research-
perspectives.host.html/content/shared/ap/students-faculty-alumni/perspectives/buffalo-is-still-
the-best-planned-city-in-america.detail.html

23. Response to Walter Hood’s Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown.
Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter
Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape
intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to
design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either
written or visual descriptions are acceptable).
My family has been members of a local swim and tennis club for as long as I can
remember. It is not a fancy tennis club by any means. The members pay fees and put in
work hours to keepthe property looking welcoming. On the property is a clubhouse, two
tennis courts, a full-size pool, and a grove containing grills and a shelter for family
cookouts. This club is known throughout my town and many families have shared
countless memories throughout the years. As the years go by, though, the property needs
renovations and fewer members are joining. This club should be memorialized and turned
into a public area. Using Hood’s triad of investigations, the newly public area would
emphasize the important aspects of the past and carry them into the future. The club
would be an outdoor safe place with no Wi-Fi where the public can enjoy human
interaction. This important aspect of the past is something that we need more of today.
http://chainsawsuit.com/comic/archive/2012/08/21/human-interaction/

24. Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that
explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the
Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some
consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been
strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very
limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson
2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social,
economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses
racial issues and post it for others in your group to view.(Add it to your response by clicking on
the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do
you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and
cultural background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this
person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation?
What are the possible reasons for these differences?(Consider the three assessment principles
mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a
symbol of control.)
Barrack Obama paid respect to Rosa Parks by sitting in her seat on the 60th anniversary of
her refusal to move to the back of the bus (Fabian). This iconic photo of former President
Barrack Obama sitting in the bus seat that Rosa Parks refused to give up, addresses racial
issues. I imagine he feels a sense of gratitude in this moment for all that Rosa Parks did for
African Americans and the Civil Rights Movement. Without her persistent effort and
dedication to change, it is possible that things would be different today and Obama would
not have been electedor even able to run for presidency in 2008 because of the color of his
skin. If it were not me, but instead an African American girl the same age as me looking at
this photo, her thoughts would differ from mine. She herself would feel a sense of gratitude
for Rosa Parks and Barrack Obama's efforts towards equal rights. A lot of her personal
rights are due to Rosa Parks' success in the Civil Rights Movement. In today's society, an
accomplishment by an African American citizen is not only felt by the individual, but by
the whole African American community. Our thoughts towards the photo differ because I
have never been discriminated against for the color of my skin and have never had to fight
for equal rights for white people. Being a woman is a different story, but as for the color of
my skin, my history has been mainly privilege.
Fabian, Jordan. “Obama Marks 60th Anniversary of Rosa Parks's Bus Boycott.” TheHill, 4 Feb.
2016, thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/261615-obama-marks-60th-anniversary-of-rosa-
parkss-bus-boycott. Accessed 3 May 2017.

25. http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/261615-obama-marks-60th-anniversary-of-rosa-
parkss-bus-boycott

26. Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign’s Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and
Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or
principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.)
A criticism I have of the National Museum of African American History and Culture is
that it celebrates the higher power of African cultures, as opposed to specifically African
American influences. While it does follow equityXdesign principle number two, the idea of
starting with yourself, I feel that it starts too far back in African history. The architect
should have acknowledged African American history more through the design of the
building. The design was based on an African king's crown and while this does pay
homage to where African Americans came from and their ancestors' history, it is not the
direct impact that African Americans made on this country. A better design would have
been one that acknowledges the unthinkable hardships African Americans went through in
this country. From being here as slaves, to single handedly fighting for their equal rights,
their history deserves representation on the National Mall. These citizens went through
struggles like no other group of people to be an equal part to this country and I think the
museum should stand as a representation of this fight.
http://www.slayerment.com/whites-ended-slavery

27. Response to “Landscape Stories” Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors)
that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider
this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as
representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’.
(If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when
you establish your own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape
architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interpets the culture and material of
underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss
any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible,
describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add
photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations?
Why or why not?
This photo is of a ceramic tile with an Irish blessing that hangs in my home to represent my
Irish background. We have many of these sayings throughout our house. My family is
very proud of being Irish and knowing where we are from. In 2005, my whole family went
to New York City to celebrate my great-grandfather’s 100th anniversary of coming to
America. My mom took a picture of my cousins and I all standing in front of large
windows at Ellis Island. That photo represents our whole reason for being in this country
and hangs proudly in my dining room. That photo is something my cousins and I all
cherish and will hang in our homes to tell our children about their heritage, too. Also, the
Irish tiles are something I will want to have in my home because they are beautiful
decorations and carry meaning to my family.
In my hometown, there are not many things that stand out as representing a different
background or ethnicity. However, the biggest and most beautiful pieces of architecture in
my town are churches. My family’s church, specifically, is prominent in the town because
of its large steeples and stained glass windows. This ties my Irish Catholic background into
my town. The church is definitely being preserved for future generations because there
are constantly renovations being done to make it look wonderful.

28. A photo I took of the tile hanging in my home.

29. https://www.cardcow.com/264340/ss-peter-pauls-rc-church-main-street-hamburg-new-york/

30. Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is
just one example of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the
name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence
of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic
references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some
of the complexities of this issue?
While I personally think brandings such as "Fighting Irish" and "Boston Celtics" are
okay, in the bigger picture I don't think they should be representative of American sports'
teams. When an ethnic term is used to describe a sports team, that sports team represents
much more than the team and city for which it plays. While the names themselves may not
be derogatory, comments made about the teams can be and those comments effect everyone
the team represents, including the ethnic group. This makes sports rivalries deeper than
between two cities, it connects to ethnic backgrounds which it shouldn't have to. I think
American sports teams should stick to using a city name and an animal or some other non
ethnic representative for their sports team branding.
http://www.tworiverstribune.com/2012/09/indian-
mascot-debate-hits-home-with-warriors/

31. Response to “Visualizing Gender” Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary
visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either
of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to
communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example? Why or why not?
How could this graphic be improved?
This photo was the first of three visuals in a series of how a designer decided to use the
toilet as a symbol for a bathroom. This visual works for the other response this week and
also uses the "get the idea" approach from the chapter in the text. He uses humor to touch
upon a gender issue that applies to himself - gender neutral bathrooms. It is often a debate
as to why bathrooms are separated with symbols of clothing that are thought by society to
be gender specific. The author wonders why instead of a person in a dress, a person in
pants, and a person in a wheelchair, the symbol for a gender neutral bathroom isn't what it
actually represents which is a bathroom.
http://itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2014/04/gender-neutral-bathroom-
sign/#sthash.hALwiUq1.dpbs

32. Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT
anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the
biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory
stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette
situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re
throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly
passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender
written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive
full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As
a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma?
Bathrooms have always been separated by biology because of the privacy required to go to
the bathroom. I know some people who can't go to the bathroom with other women in the
stalls next to them and I myself sometimes don't feel comfortable surrounded by other
female strangers, so the situation would be worse if there were also males in the bathroom
just because of the privacy that going to the bathroom requires. Also, in places like bars
and night clubs where drinking is involved, being in a bathroom with males is a scenario
that would make me uncomfortable and scared.
At the same time, for transgender males and females, being in their biologically assigned
bathroom would feel to them how it would feel to me being in a male bathroom. I'd feel
targeted and uncomfortable. In this case, a transgender female should be able to use the
female bathroom. The only reason transgender people would want to use the bathroom
that is not biologically assigned to them, is because it is where they are comfortable going to
the bathroom. Allowing people to use whichever bathroom makes them comfortable in
such an awkward public situation, makes perfect sense.
I don't understand when single occupancy bathrooms with both male, female, and
handicap signs on the doors became such a big deal to have in public areas, or when the
name of these changed from "family restrooms" to "gender neutral". While they are
gender neutral I think that is beside the point, they are just a bathroom everyone can
use. As a designer these are the bathrooms I would include, in addition to separated
bathrooms, as an option for those who don't feel comfortable using their biologically
assigned bathroom.

33. http://www.ubspectrum.com/article/2016/09/ub-students-and-faculty-have-mixed-reactions-to-
new-gender-neutral-restrooms

34. Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he
calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out
into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what
type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population.
The first piece of architecture I chose is Buffalo's City Hall. This building would be
classified as a Crusty building because it is easy to see and the entrance is obvious, but
there are security guards at the doors. These security guards make sure those coming into
the building are coming for a purpose and not loitering or posing any harm. This could
discriminate against homeless people who want to use the building for warmth or anyone
who looks suspicious but means no harm and just wanted to visit city hall.
The second piece of architecture is the Skyway which is an entrance to the city from. The
Skyway would be classified as a slippery infrastructure because it is very noticeable but it
is not easily accessed. The entrance is kind of hidden and it is not accessible to pedestrians
at all. This is for obvious safety reasons but can discriminate against those who don't
own/can't afford a car and are trying to go into the city.

35. I took both of these pitcures.

36. Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off
the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills.
Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD(Integrated
Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban designers, policy designers,
architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy
Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out
of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What
approach will your team take to address this difficult problem?
One of the most difficult parts of Tammy's situation is staying positive and having hope for
the future. From the video, it seems to me that her oldest son is taking that away from
Tammy. He has a vision of being in an upper class but doesn't do anything to be there, so I
think he should definitely have a job by now to contribute to the household. He should be
encouraged to move out after high school to provide for himself if he is so ashamed of the
house and life his mother provides for him. Another way Tammy can move out of poverty
is look for a better job. From there, she can find low income housing or apartments near
her new job so she wouldn't have to walk ten
miles to work. Eventually with the time she saves
and the more income she makes, she could be
able to take classes at a community
college. Pursuing this plan would set an example
for the younger son to work towards providing
for himself, attend school, and hopefully get the
whole family out of the cycle of poverty that
Tammy had fallen into.
http://studentlabor.org/poverty-cycle/

37. Response to Carroll Article: “Reforming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project.
What actions could be taken to ensure more social integration for the older people living in the
‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
A large contributor to the lack of social integration for older people in Regent Park is the
lack of convenience. Many older people living in taller buildings most likely feel confined
because of their talked about physical disabilities. They are forced to leave their floor to do
laundry and for some that might be a challenge and result in being the only time they are
able to leave their rooms. A solution to this would be making the elderly housing the
centralized one or two story buildings so that it is easierfor them to socialize and move
about the area. Because this building is in the center of the complex, they won’t be so
isolated and interaction with people of all ages will be easier. Also, eliminating the street
that runs through Regents Park and replacing it with green space and a community center
for everyone to use would encourage social interaction. This would eliminate the need for
the SkyParks which only caused division between the differing income tenants. The only
need for that street was the bus stop which could be relocated to either side of the
block. When building housing like this it is important to take into account the differing
needs and abilities of everyone who will be living there and to accommodate to those needs.
https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/01/the-preschool-inside-a-nursing-
home/424827/

38. Response to Eriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, whichalters
fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than ever before in human
history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of
living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class.
Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our
societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended life
spans?
One major concern this assertion creates is the increase in number of elderly. If
today, elderly are those 80-100 give or take a few years, then the number of elderly will
increase to those 80-120 years old. This creates more of a demand for nursing homes and
medical care (Barrett). As it is, nursing home space is limited. More facilities will need to
be built and designers may have to redesign existing nursing homes so that more people
can live in them. This could have positive externalities because it could increase the job
market for care takers, nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and
pharmacists. Another possibility of these advancements is that those age 80-100 become
increasingly healthier and aren't considered elderly and those needing nursing homes and
extra care are just those aged 100-120. So a total shift in what age people begin to need full
time assistance. Regardless, if people begin to live 20 years longer while the birth rate
remains the same, the population will rapidly grow. This would require larger or more
hospitals, which might be a challenge because cities and developed areas are running out of
free space as it is. Designers may have to rethink the way they build suburbs or city
apartments so that these areas can accommodate the growing population.
Barratt, Jane. “Humans Are Living Longer than Ever. But We Aren't Necessarily Aging Well.” STAT,
STAT, 14 Feb. 2017, www.statnews.com/2017/02/14/living-longer-living-better-aging/. Accessed 2
May 2017.

39. https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/14/living-longer-living-better-aging/

40. Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’
models. The medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to
the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is
society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of
people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great
deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and
that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED
Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social model rather than the
medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept
of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered
design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you
saw positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
These two bowls are negative and positive examples of Tolerance of Error. A Tolerance of
Error design eliminates the chances of accidents to happen. The first picture, of an
ordinary glass bowl, is a negative example of this principle of universal design because
those with disabilities involving loss of strength or tremors may not be able to use this
bowl. Someone with loss of strength may find it difficult to grip the bowl because of how
round it is. Someone with a tremor may find themselves spilling its contents as they bring
the bowl from the kitchen to the table. Also, someone in a wheelchair would have to put
the bowl on their lap while moving, which may result in spillage. The second bowl is an
“As SeenOn TV” product called the Gyro Bowl. It is a positive example of Tolerance of
Error because it eliminates the chances of spills. It is mainly made for children but
someone with a tremor would find this much more practical because as the blue handle
part moves, the orange bowl stays in place, keeping snacks from spilling. The blue handles
make gripping easierfor people who are weak. It would sit comfortably on the lap of
someone in a wheelchair and also has a lid for added protection. The regular bowl
disempowers people with disabilities by taking away their freedom of feeding themselves.
The positive example, the Gyro Bowl, gives people back this independence and allows them
to prepare food for themselves. One thing that could make this bowl better, is making it in
more neutral colors for adults.

41. http://www.fishseddy.com/cereal-bowl-red
https://www.walmart.com/ip/As-Seen-on-TV-Gyro-Bowl-with-Removable-Lid/15939502

42. Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging
enhancement technologies and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible
consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the bodies of
our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?
I think the advancement of enhancement technologies poses danger to our
society because of how out of hand it could get. There are not regulations for
what can and cannot be enhanced on a body, so over time people could become
scientifically developed to the point where they are more robot than human.
A positive outcome of human enhancements and reproductive technologies is
being able to prevent or fix life threatening diseases that people are born with
or develop throughout their lives. It is becoming much more common for
doctors to provide sight and hearing to those who are blind and deaf. Those
disabilities are decided by the individual to be fixed. A problem I see for these
advancements is when it becomes regulated of who decides if a disability is
fixed, and which disabilities. For example, if the advancements come to the
point where a doctor can remove a chromosome of a fetus to reverse down
syndrome before the child is born, that should remain the parent’s
decision. From history, though, the government could try to achieve a "perfect
race" where they decide that is their decision. This is where history repeats
itself and technological advancements are a negative.
Another negative I foresee with these advancements is the fairness in deciding
what enhancements disqualify an athlete from their sport. If natural talent
eventually becomes a thing of the past, then sports will overall have a lesser
meaning to society. A lab crafted human is not nearly as impressive as
someone who excels naturally.

43. http://www.businessinsider.com/baby-sees-mom-clearly-for-first-time-2016-4

44. Response to Titicut Follies
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts
Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of value to designers
(communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers, planners, landscape
designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain
from this film that they could use in their work?
I think Wiseman should have only been allowed to film those who were able to give
consent. It was clear from the video that some patients were incapable of daily life
functions, while others were able to interact. Those that could give it, should have been
askedfor consent to be filmed. Therefore, I don’t believe Wiseman should have filmed this
documentary because he violated the patient’s basic human rights by not asking for
consent to be filmed. Because he did film this documentary, though, the mistreatment in
the institution was brought to the public's attention. The very first scene of the trailer
makes the hospital look like a prison. This is one thing designers could take from this
film. The overall look of the institution makes the patients feel confined and under control
of the workers. One scene that stood out to me from the trailer was the dinner scene where
patients were eating and there was singing. They seemedto be enjoying themselves in this
scene which was far different from the other scenes. Providing these patients with a
welcoming and functional dining area would contribute to their happiness in a place where
there seems to be so little.
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/doc-v14n9

45. Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000
home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one
acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for ten intellectually
challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your
neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors
including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective
incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your
neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to
build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would not be built
in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with
“the same basic human rights as the rest of the population”?
I would be in support of this proposal because these adults are not any less-human than I
am regardless of their intellectual abilities. These adults have every right to live in a
suburb that gives them easy access to job and learning opportunities. I would assume those
in opposition would suggest moving the group home to an isolated area with few neighbors
and less property value. In many cases, adults with intellectual disabilities live with their
parents until the parents are too old to care for another human. In my family's case, my
uncle moved into a group home and gained a new sense of independence when my
grandparents health began to decline. However, the only available group home was a ways
away from the town he grew up in, making him farther from family and making his
commute to work evenlonger than it was before. His group home is on a dimly lit street
and the house is set back in the trees. My dad and his siblings make all the effort in the
world to keephim engaged in activities and bring him to all family events but it involves
great planning because he no longer lives in the same town as us. Had there been group
homes built in or closer to my suburban neighborhood, this would not be such an issue for
my family.
While these challenging behaviors may be inappropriate and hard to explain to children,
these people are still a part of our society. A parent should be able to explain to their
children that these adults have different needs and behaviors than other adults but they are
still functioning, working parts of our society. Because these behaviors are not harmful,
threatening, and have not happened since, they do not change my opinion.
I believe these adults should be able to live in a welcoming neighborhood that treats them
as equals. As a solution, I would hope these adults are receiving occupational therapy to
help them obtain jobs and to function in today's society. Also, to include them in the

46. specific neighborhood, activities or events could be held to introduce them to their
neighbors. This would be a difficult transition for all those effectedso getting to know
those in this home would make it easier.
http://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2015/02/23/11464/

47. Response to The Connection of Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with
any places of worship, do a bit of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph
of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the web.) What roles has this place
served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area
around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in
the future development of your city/town?
This is a photo of my church, St. Peter & Paul's Roman Catholic Church in Hamburg,
NY. It is located on Main St. right in the middle of the village. The church is also a
kindergarten through eighth grade school, which makes its central location convenient for
those who attend. While I was not enrolled in school at my church, it is where I attended
bible school and made my confirmation with many of my friends and Hamburg
classmates. Directly behind the church as an assistedliving facility for those too old or sick
to live on their own. There is a pathway from the living community to the church making
it easily accessible to the residents. There are several coffee shops, some fairly new, within
walking distance of the church to accommodate for post-mass brunch. It is easy to see as
you enter my town, that this church is very much a focal point of the town. The church's
role hasn't change much, it has always servedas a staple piece of architecture in my town
and always will. The area around the church is continuing to develop but still contains the
small town feel it always has. I think the church's school will be renovated soon to attract
more students and this will increase the amount of people interested living in Hamburg.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SS_Peter_and_Paul_Roman_Catholic_Church;_Hamb
urg,_New_York.jpg

48. Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or
question that your field needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this
challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or professional life?
A problem with independent financial advising firms is they are losing clientele due to the
amount of information available on the internet. I feel like it is becoming less common for
individuals to see a financial advisor to make plans for their income. It is very important,
though, to speak to a professional about plans for the future and how to invest money
wisely. While you can teach yourself investment and financial skills, I believe seeing a
financial professional is worth the cost. To fix this problem, I plan on creating a way to
communicate with clients that makes them feel like they know exactly what is happening
with their money. Dealing with confusion is another reason people avoid this
service. Taking the time and effort to build a relationship with clients will make them feel
more secure and trust the firm to make suggestions about their wealth. This trust could be
built through events to get to know the advisors and several meetings to fully understand
the clients' lifestyle and goals.
http://www.howtobecome.com/how-to-become-a-financial-advisor