American Diversity and Design Class Spring 2017 question and responses

1. University at Buffalo
ARC 211- American Diversity and Design- Spring 2017
Online Discussion Questions
Katelyn Flanders

2. I think American Diversity and Design has influenced me into appreciating my buildings around me more, and looking at them in a
different light. I’ve learned a lot about how differences in age, gender, socioeconomic status, etc, can influence design greatly, I’ve
also learned about really cool buildings such as the Aqua in Chicago, IL. Particularly what I think is compelling is how design really
affects the minorities in society, from race, to mental health and how no one really pays attention because of the fact that they are
minorities. My viewpoints on how much leverage design can hold has changed a lot, I never really thought about how much time
and planning goes into building anything so seeing and learning about all these different areas of design has broadened my views.
Photographer: Joseph Allman (a photo of me looking at NYC skyscrapers for the first time)

3. Response to Introduction
This thread provides you with an opportunity to "meet" each other and initiate a connection with participants in your group. In responding to
this discussion thread, please introduce yourself and provide us with one interesting fact about yourself. After posting your introduction, take
a look through and reply to some of the others. The purpose of this exercise is to develop a sense of community. You might find that you
share similar experiences and can help each other in many ways throughout the semester.
Hello, my name is Katelyn Flanders I am from a small town (Williamson, NY). I am a sophomore and an intended Occupational Therapy major,
good news is I am on the wait list for the program! So I am able to take an 8 week summer course Called Human Gross Anatomy (ANA 407) that
will help determine if I’m officially in after this summer! One interesting fact about me is that I am a part of UB's sorority Alpha Sigma Tau!
Photographer: Leanne Orlowski

4. Response to “What is Design?” from Hello World
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and
enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example,
in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies
great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or
historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of
this innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in
the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and
oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business
persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-
dated information, which put them at a disadvantage.
Personally I think the powerchair (also known as a motorized wheelchair)
gave a huge advantage to disabled people unable to get around on their
own. The motorized wheelchair positively helps their lives by making them
more independent by being able to move around themselves. It also helps
then get across all different types of terrain unlike a regular wheelchair.
The social impacts are letting those disabled people feel and be more
independent instead of having people push them around and not feel like a
burden. It helps people all across the U.S in various age groups with various
diagnoses (cerebral palsy, or a veteran who lost limbs at war, or someone
who is paralyzed). I don't believe that anyone is negatively impacted by the
powerchair.
http://www.gettyimages.com/photos/motorized-
wheelchair?excludenudity=true&sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phrase=motorized%20wheelchair

5. Response to “Introduction” From Diversity and Design
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more
equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted
design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in
the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness
about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for
decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It
mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores,
public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This
dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to
automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How
and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be
anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action,
http://cpnj.org/horizon-hillside-helping-hands-program/ system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our
purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the
economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
The system that has changed over time is the special needs education system in elementary schools. Children with special needs
were often looked over and had little attention to help them persist in school. The change happened through activists and parents
and research. Developmental psychologists along with therapists changed the system. Now children with special needs in
elementary schools receive services during school (occupational and physical therapy and speech therapy as well), and these
services help them learn to be independent and how to function in a classroom setting (and can get work done). These services also
help them because they can receive special modifications and equipment through funding to help them work better in class. Not
only that but they offer services in the summer as well to make sure the kids who need it can either stay or progress in skill instead
of regressing and having to start all over again in the new school year.

6. Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talks on Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled
“Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon
of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event?
Personally I would place the images shown in Photos That
Changed the World into the category of
Readers/Audience in Croteau and Hoynes' diagram
because all those images had such an emotional impact
on everyone who saw them. A mass media photo that I
believe served as an icon of the event is one captured as
a man jumped/fell out of the World Trade Center on 9/11
after the attack.1 I believe that it is an icon because it
shows how desperate people were to get out and didn't
want to burn to death but sadly they all had the same
fate. The role it plays with the communication of this
event is big, it shows the struggle and desperation to live
and also expresses the tragedy and reality of what
happened that day. The photograph also communicates
that many people either jumped or fell to their death
after the attacks which I also think is important.
Citation: 1 Timeline of the September 11 attacks." CNN. September 08, 2016. Accessed February 8, 2017.
http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/08/us/gallery/september-11-timeline/index.html.

7. Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in
the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of
communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of
communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another?
The two hats are vehicles of communication design because they were created to send a
powerful message to people while retaining a simple look. The powerful messages and meanings
of both hats is that the red trucker hat says "Make America Great Again" which entails that under
certain past leaders America was once great, but now it isn't and they are protesting the way
America currently functions. The pink hats have simple phrases on them such as "no" and the
message there is that they are protesting Donald Trump's 'promise' to de-fund Planned
Parenthood because they practice abortions. These hats were created to poke fun at Donald
Trump by being nicknamed a “pussy hat” for his comment about grabbing women by the
genitals.2 They are protesting for women's rights and safety and that Planned Parenthood is so
much more than just abortion (only around 3%) they provide free health services for everyone.
The hats are similar in that they have short phrases on each but stand for powerful protests.
Meanwhile the differences are what they stand for, essentially they stand for opposing views.
https://twitter.com/nick_offerman/status/822862378903535617?lang=en
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/06/hey-lets-all-make-our-own-donald-trump-
hats/?utm_term=.fc036e95c699
Citation: 2
Rogers, Katie. "Fashioning Protest for the Women's March on Washington." The New York
Times. January 18, 2017. Accessed February 8, 2017.
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/fashion/womens-march-washington-fashion-protest.html?_r=1.

8. Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William
McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Please provide your
own example of a product that uses Cradle-to-Cradle design. Describe and cite sources.
The Rolls Royce-Dawn is the 2016 IDEA Gold Award product that stood out to me as defying the Cradle-to-Cradle concept. It stood
out to me because nothing about its presentation said about fuel efficiency or using recycled material which is a key concept in the
Cradle-to-Cradle design. I know some other products said nothing about those things as well but cars contribute a lot to air
pollution and we should be focused more on that than luxury.
An example of a product that fits the Cradle-2-Cradle design would be solar panels. They are a renewable energy source and are
trying to cut back on how much nonrenewable energy we use. Of course it's
not perfect, but the efficiency of solar panels is improving. After doing
some further research, they are trying to reduce the amount of waste and
harmful chemicals that are produced when making solar panels. But that
solar panels produced in China is more harmful than ones in Europe due to
environmental standard differences. The main product used in
manufacturing panels is currently silicon, although when making them
some harmful chemicals are released which does decrease the
environmentally friendly appeal of renewable energy.3 Of course solar
panels are still relatively new and becoming more popular so hopefully in
years to come they will not only help reduce the carbon footprint of using
fossil fuels for energy, but emit less harmful chemicals themselves. Right now the main focus is to reduce production cost and to
improve efficiency.
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/various-solar-energy-facts.php
Citation: 3 "How Green Are Those Solar Panels, Really?" National Geographic. May 01, 2017. Accessed February 16, 2017.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/11/141111-solar-panel-manufacturing-sustainability-ranking/.

9. Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production
introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that
were adopted across the world. With Ford’s
method, work could be completed by
relatively unskilled workers; it was more
efficient and with this method, products
were made more quickly and cheaply than
previously possible. What were some of the
social consequences of Ford’s production
line? In other words, how did this system
change our U.S. society? Do any of those
changes remain with us today? Now consider
Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions
he makes about production. How do you
think manufacturing processes will change in
the next twenty years? How do you think
these changes will affect our U.S. society?
Henry Ford's production line allowed for mass production of goods which changed the U.S forever, as we still try to have products
made as quick and cheap as possible. Although the downside is people stopped appreciating handmade items because they are
more expensive than the mass produced ones and sadly that carried into today’s society as well. It's such a phenomenon when
people go to fairs or shows and see handmade items priced higher than what similar things would sell for at the store, but they
forget that the handmade items take a lot of time and effort and are unique. As far as the future in the manufacturing process, I see
the use of machinery increasing drastically which leaves our society with smaller job opportunities. My father works at Xerox and it’s
hard to imagine what he would be doing without that job (never went to college). Jobs in manufacturing are normally good paying
jobs that will hire a mass amount of people with little to no experience and hold a good portion of employment. Not everyone can
afford education and without good paying reliable jobs like the ones in manufacturing (only having jobs available for techs and
mechanics to work on the machines) our society will be deeply affected.
http://corporate.ford.com/innovation/100-years-moving-assembly-line.html

10. Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking
about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The
will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes
architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the
act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change
based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from
any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past
and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do
each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural
contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
A work of architecture that has sensibilities to the past would have to be The Virginia State Capitol Building in Richmond. It has
sensibilities to the past because of the fact that it was built with ideas that went as far back to the Romans. Thomas Jefferson
created the idea for the building after seeing the Maison Carrée (temple built by the Roman's in Southern France). It was made to
challenge the typical British rule and architecture, it was made to show that America would be
different starting with the style of the buildings. It also shows going back to the roots of Roman times
and how it was still influencing the world even on a different continent. As for a work of architecture
that has sensibilities about the present and/or future I would have to say that The Aqua in Chicago is a
good one. Jeanne Gang talked about how they designed the balconies on this apartment building so
that people could get to know their neighbors the same way someone would do with a house and a
yard, trying to build more of a sense of community.4 They even designed it so it would be less windy
using digital stimulation so it'll be more comfortable year round! This is challenging the cultural
contexts of normal apartment buildings where the balconies are all identical and not very easy to
make friends with the neighbors, most apartment buildings aren't made with this type of thought, the
type that really appeals to the sense of community and I think that’s really awesome. It definitely
plays into the present and the future because moving to a new city or even moving out of the house is
a huge step and scary, and for more apartments to have that sense of communities would be
awesome to have and make friends.
Citation: 4 Gang, Jeanne. Jeanne Gang: Buildings that blend nature and city | TED Talk | TED.com. Accessed February 22, 2017.
https://www.ted.com/talks/jeanne_gang_buildings_that_blend_nature_and_city
http://interactive.wttw.com/tenbuildings/virginia-state-capitol
http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/913/Aqua.php

11. Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements
of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the
SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
Ballantyne's and Zumthor's ideas about architecture are similar in the way that they both believe architecture is an art form such as
poetry or music, they believe that it is harmonized and put together perfectly at the ending. They also both believe that architecture
are meant to have memories and connections shared between them and the inhabitants. Although Ballantyne's viewpoint is more
closely focused on how the building isn't complete without the people that inhabit it or use it daily. How they add some spice and
creativity to the space given to them. That most people don't tend to appreciate the architecture unless they use it. Whereas
Zumthor's viewpoint is more of how the building is important itself, how it can hold its own with its design and appeal. How much
thought goes into the design of the building and how it is a work of art from all of the drawings and how it fits perfectly together
down to the very last nail that holds the floor boards together. These two different viewpoints contrast greatly, but they still come
back to the basic idea of how architecture is art and full of harmony.
Response to the Levy Article

12. John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of
a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale.How did planning define the
character of the place in which you grew up?
In Williamson NY, the town is very small and rural with very little going on, and everybody knows everybody. We only have two
traffic lights one on our Main Street home to many small businesses and residential housing, and one on Route 104 which cuts
straight through our town so traffic is never bad unless school just got let out. As far as planning, there isn't much industrialization in
the town except for the Mott's factory which gladly accepts apples from the dozens of local farmers. I suppose that the lack of
industrialization really defined the character of Williamson, once you leave the Main Street/ Route 104 area of town and go on the
back roads you find houses with wide open yards and
sometimes a few acres in between the next house. Amongst the
streets you will find family owned restaurants and little shops
along with historical buildings and parks. I guess farming would
have to be the biggest part of our town (our slogan is "Come
Grow With Us") and that takes up a good portion of land
(including the plot right behind and across from my house).
There's not much to do in our town except for going to the high
school sporting events, going to a bonfire hosted by a friend, or
going to the parks to look at Lake Ontario, you can drive to the
nearest shopping plaza which is about a 20-25 minute drive
once you hop onto Route 104 which is nice. The character my
town has is small, residential, family-oriented and country and I
don't think the planning of it will change anytime soon and
besides the teenagers who want something to do, everyone
else likes it that way.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamson,_New_York
Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson

13. Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables
Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been
tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it
right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen
do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban
planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
Talen I think would look more into the design and environment to promote diversity by trying to have a group of mixed incomes
living in the apartments which is possible by looking at the design of the apartments and also have a mix of residential and non-
residential buildings in the neighborhood which promotes being social. In the 57 acres that the Pruitt Igoe was on there wasn't any
diversity amongst the apartments so even adding a recreational area in the center would work as well Larson would focus more on
the functionality and maintenance of the apartment complex itself, he had mentioned trying to the apartments able to be
personalized to an extent and to get the most out it while using less space. While coming up with the design he would look at how
easy it would be to maintain and how helpful it would be with something like robotic walls. Apartments with a design more
personalized would appeal to more people especially if it can be easily maintained. For me personally it would be to make the
apartments easily accessible by public transportation or in walking distance of shops and such because that would also appeal to a
wider range of people. These strategies differ because
when Pruitt Igoe was first built it was really only to
target one specific group of people (people in the
slums), didn't have any variation amongst it, didn't try
to have it maintained, and so it fell apart because it
didn't look at the different aspects. These strategies
would be more effective because the design of the
neighborhood like adding something for recreational
use or having access to shops or other things is ideal
and having variation within the apartments
themselves is also preferred and would encourage
more people to live there.
http://www.pruitt-igoe.com/urban-history/
Response to F.L. Olmsted

14. Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best
planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this
claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
The basis for Olmsted's claim of "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if
not the world" comes from the perfect balance of green space and industrialization. Using
the city's original "skeleton" he created not only one park, but three. Along with those three
parks he connected them with parkways that were still covered with greenery to make it as
if you never left a park. I think what really sealed the deal for him was when he got to design
the landscape of the state hospital that just happened to be next to one of his parks. With
the addition of the hospital he was really able to expand the green space and make it
aesthetically pleasing when you looked across to the hospital from the park, it was a
continuation of green. Today I think Olmsted would have some reasons to make the claim
and some reasons to not make the claim. Our parks aren't what they once were and the
industrialization has grown much more (especially in downtown) but I think Canalside would
please him. Canalside isn't greenery necessarily but it is still a good open space where
people can connect and interact together. I do think he would be pleased with the way UB's
North Campus is set up, although there is plenty of dorms and buildings on it there is also an
equal amount of green space. When it is warmer out you can see students playing on the
basketball court, playing ultimate Frisbee, going for runs (or walking) on the trails.
http://www.pbs.org/wned/frederick-law-olmsted/learn-more/olmsteds-buffalo-park-system-and-its-stewards/
Response to Walter Hood’s Work

15. Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your
hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that
you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the
project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How
will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention?
What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are
acceptable).
Something that should be memorialized in my hometown would have to be our B.
Forman Park. Little people know about it's history and that it was made to
commemorate a man who helped slaves escape in his house with the
Underground Railroad. The first part of the Triad of Investigations is 'The
everyday and mundane' and while the park has the nice aesthetic of
watching the sunset on the lake, it lacks in things such as areas for
walking. There aren't really any pathways at all that you can walk on, not
even some that go the perimeter of the park, which I would add because
it is a beautiful park full of greenery but who wants to walk on uneven
ground or even wet ground? I think also fixing up the benches and
barbecues would also help out by adding more things to do. The second
part of the Investigations is 'Commemoration' which what I would want
to do is make it more well-known of why this park is here, there is a
small sign in the beginning that states why but I would want to have it
put on a large plaque in a widely used area so people of different ages
and heights can see it! The third and final part of the Investigations is
'Life Ways' and I think everyone would be okay with the changes because
http://www.co.wayne.ny.us/bg_parks/About.aspx?Park=Forman%20Park many families go there now for parties or weddings or just to play, and
to fix up the barbecues or add walkways gives everyone something to do. If you don't feel like sitting you can have the option to
walk on clean pathways instead of bumpy ground. I also know the commemoration of why the park isn't here would give well with
the town because there is already so many historic buildings just down the road. I imagine the park growing in visitors with more
activity going on than just watching the sunset on the lake.
Response to the Brookes

16. The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It
was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the
public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly
criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic
slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon
his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and
post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an
attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from
a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might
s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these
differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument
of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
I interpret this photo of African American girls watching a group of white children playing
on a white-only playground as sad. This picture shows the type of inequality and
segregation even children went through in the 1950s. Along with that it causes me to
wonder whether there was a similar black-only playground in the neighborhood or not? I
would like to think that today things like this don't exist, but there are still some families
who still value the idea of segregation and won't let their children associate with African
Americans. That's how I think someone of a different race (most likely African
American) would view this photo. While yes it does capture what they and their
grandparents and maybe even parents went through, the inequalities still exist today even
though it’s not as visible. Our interpretations would agree that some injustice still exists
today but would differ in the amount of inequality that still goes on, as me being a white
female, and has a harder time seeing injustice whereas an African American would be able
to notice it quicker. I think the reasons for it would be in how we were brought up, I never
had experiences where I was treated differently, and my parents never went through it
either as we are white, but an African American could grow up being treated differently
starting in childhood (due to stereotypes) and with their parents own history as well.
Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work

17. Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core
beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of
them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
The core belief that I think is relevant to the MLK Memorial is
the Historical Context. While I do think the Memorial meets
that criteria by having it based of his famous "I Have a
Dream" speech, I wish the original designers were able to
keep more quotes by the many other civil rights activists.
While King was one of the biggest activists, there was many
others that contributed to the movement and by eliminating
those other quotes it alludes all the power to King himself.
Considering the lack of incorporation from other people in
the movement, they make good use of history by aligning
him in between the Washington monument and Jefferson
memorial, keeping him in line with Washington to stand up
to Jefferson.5 Also the placement of the statue of King comes
from a "Stone of Hope" just past a "Mountain of Despair"
which is a line from his "I Have a Dream" speech which really
emphasizes his peaceful protests and his involvement in the
Civil Rights movements.
https://www.nps.gov/media/photo/gallery.htm?id=313AF650-1DD8-B71C-07476509DBD56534
Citation: 5 Tauke, Beth, Korydon H. Smith, and Charles L. Davis. “No Longer Just a Dream” in Diversity and design: understanding
hidden consequences. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Response to “Landscape Stories” Chapter

18. First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative
of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that
you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add
photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical
narrative that sifts through and interpets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community
where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If
possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural
influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
My family doesn't have any close ties with our ethnic background and neither did my
grandparents from what I can remember about them before they passed. I suppose the
closest thing to an object of ethnicity would be a recipe passed down on my mother’s
side of the family of something we call "Old Fashion Hamburgers", it essentially is Polish
meatballs and we serve them with gravy and other sides. It is something we eat usually
around the Christmas holiday and it is something I would love to keep in my future
home and so on.
http://www.food.com/recipe/schnitzla-polish-meatballs-186340
The community that I grew up in is predominantly a white community so there isn't much cultural influence. The most culture we
have is located in the Hamlet of Pultneyville and there is a historical walk you can take and learn about the settlers that established
the town. The cultures of the people who first settled here influenced the way buildings were constructed and is actually recognized
for that aspect. It is known as the Pultneyville Historic District because of the styles of architecture for example, Federal and Greek
Revival style. There is also Gates Hall which was a church but now a meeting hall and theater is also commemorated for its
architecture (Queen Anne). These are being preserved for future generations because Pultneyville was recognized as historic by the
National Register of Historic Places along with Gates Hall.

19. Gates Hall on the left, and on the right is one of the historic houses.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_Hall_and_Pultneyville_Public_Square https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pultneyville_Historic_District
Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger
controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern

20. dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic
references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this
issue? (Limit your response to 150 words.)
Sport names like Redskins and the Braves aren't justifiable for why they chose those derogatory terms. If they were truly trying to
preserve the 'heritage' they should choose a non-
derogatory term like Native Americans. The Celtics and
Fighting Irish aren't necessarily derogatory as Redskins,
Indians or Braves are. There are many complexities
because while they all use ethnic terms for team
names, they level of insulting varies. While many Irish
people agree with the Celtic way and embrace it or
even agree with the stereotype of the "Fighting Irish"
most Native American people don't identify with the
stereotypical 'red face/skin' or wearing headdresses
anymore that go with the logos. I think a good point
was brought up that if it was any other minority
(African Americans, Asian Americans, etc.) being called
a derogatory term there would be more of a push to
have it changed.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/07/us/washington-redskins-name/
Response to “Visualizing Gender” Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1)
get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues,
and post it in this thread. Cite the source.

21. First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach
effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved?
The approach is the Stories in Data
approach. The designer uses the wage
gap between men and women who
have the same degrees in the same
STEM field to communicate the gender
pay gap. It is effective because it
shows women are making about
$10,000 less than men in the SAME
job, what's even worse is that women
in a STEM major aren't as common as
men are because of the stigma that
women can't do it. By showing how
much less women make on average
should show, that apparently it
doesn't matter your degree, your job,
how hard you work, but if you're a
women it automatically make you less
capable than a man?
http://archive.aacu.org/ocww/volume39_1/feature.cfm?section=1
Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and
required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This
prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper
etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic

22. etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a
moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate?
State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both
sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this
gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to
this question.
I think that an argument for having to use the bathroom
that correlates to your biological gender would be that
there are some bad people out there who could "fake" that
they're transgender and cause harm to whoever is in the
bathroom, of course its highly unlikely. Then there's the
comfortability argument, not everyone is comfortable with
LBGT yet so it can make people uncomfortable and some
people don't want to "expose" their kids to
transgender's super early. Also for a Trans male who still
gets their menstruation cycle, male bathrooms aren’t
equipped with sanitation items.
For the argument against having to use your biological
gender would be that someone like a trans female who still
has to use the male bathroom is at risk for other men
beating them up because they identify as a woman. Same
http://www.uua.org/lgbtq/welcoming/ways/bathrooms goes as a Trans male forced to use a women's bathroom
risks being picked on and called demeaning names just because she identifies as a male. As far as "exposing" children dilemma,
children are often more accepting and understanding than adults think and I don't believe they'd be affected by it, because you
don't really interact with or see people until you wash your hands.
A good solution that has been implemented in some places is a gender neutral bathroom. That way everyone and anyone can go in
it, and if you're not comfortable with seeing people of all genders you don't have to use that bathroom. I think that solution would

23. definitely reduce the chance of harassment for a person who is transgender because they don't have to go to a gender specific
bathroom, men and women would both use the bathroom and it would never be revealed. Of course there might still be the
harassment of what clothes their wearing and such but not as intense as there would be being in a bathroom they're not biologically
assigned too.
Response to Hidden Ways

24. Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1)
stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5)
jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and
find/photograph two examples from the list of five.
Identify what type of space you've photographed
and why it might discriminate against a specific
population. Identify the location where you took the
photographs, and make certain you are in at least
one of the two photographs.
This first photo taken outside of Buffalo's theater
district is of me on a bench with a bar in the middle.
This bench is an example of the prickly spatial
injustice6 because since this bench has a bar through
the middle, you can't lay down on it, you can only sit.
This type of bench and spatial injustice is targeted to
homeless people who sleep outside, with the bar in
the middle they can no longer comfortably sleep on
this bench, or one like it.
Photographer: Katelyn Flanders
This second photo, it displays a security camera on the top corner of this Starbucks on Elmwood Ave in Buffalo. This security camera
is an example of the jittery spatial injustice6 because it can give anyone a live view of the street so you can discriminate them. You
can see what type of activity people are doing outside the shop and see if you want to go down there or not because of what’s
happening. I also think this camera discriminates against thieves or criminals in this area (if there are any) because they can catch
what they're doing on camera and such.

25. There are better areas for homeless people to sleep of course (shelters) but in some areas homeless people sleep on benches
because they can't reach a shelter or something similar. Personally I don't mind if they sleep on them or not, it doesn't affect my use
of benches and if they need somewhere to sleep for the
night and a bench is available then by all means use it. The
benches with the bars also discourage fitting more than two
people on a bench. I believe more than design interventions
are needed to deal with homelessness such as the stigma
with it as well, a lot has to change about their lifestyle to
get out of the homelessness area.
Photographer: Katelyn Flanders
Citation: 6 Jaffe, Eric. "The Hidden Ways Urban Design
Segregates The Poor." Co.Design. April 28, 2017. Accessed
April 12, 2017.
https://www.fastcodesign.com/3034206/slicker-city/the-
hidden-ways-urban-design-segregates-the-poor.

26. Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree
took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job
cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills.
Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and
become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-
known firm, IPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a
team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects,
and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a
way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations
similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will
your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals?
What approach will your team take to address this difficult
problem?
http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/el-portal-trailer-park-evictions-highlight-miamis-giant-real-estate-disparity-8219499
I think I would design a small living space with the usually bathroom, bedrooms, kitchen, living room, etc with a small office as well.
Within the living space there would be the correct utilities and a TV and such but none of it would be extravagant (appliances in the
kitchen wouldn't be stainless steel) but they would work just fine. The living space would be low cost or paying a flat rate (including
utilities and such) as long as the family is actively trying to get out of poverty and preferably centrally located in an area with many
places of employment and if not, have a form of transportation to get to and from their jobs. For the office space this is where they
would meet with a supervisor to make sure they're staying on track to get out of poverty and maybe teach money management
classes or something. Also to inform people like Tammy of other jobs out there that make more money, for example working at a
factory instead of cleaning bathrooms at a Burger King. I also think it would be important to help get them set up with a college
program, maybe weekends or night classes as well to eventually work Tammy's way to get a degree, and if other families don't have
a high school education either help them go back to school or study to get their GED.

27. Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to
ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
I think that to insure more social integration they should not have made the senior only buildings so far away from everything, even
the walk to the transportation services is far. Many of these elderly residents have mobility issues so getting to and from the
transportation site could take a while itself because they have to get out of
a 22 story building first. Then they're 2 blocks away from the businesses
when they should be as close as possible seeing as they can't get around as
easily as other people. If they're closer to the buildings they can interact
more with the other residents of different backgrounds and incomes and
form those close ties again, instead of leaving them in the back of the
complex and forget about them. Also these buildings meant for seniors only
should only have 2-4 floors and more than one elevator, or in other
apartments buildings they could've dedicated the main floor to just senior
residents that way they don't have to climb any unnecessary stair, thus
making it easier to get to places within the complex than having to make it
down 22 stories. If they just reserved the main floor of the apartment
buildings for seniors only they could also socially integrate more because
there’s mixed income/ age within the buildings in that point and they have
more direct social interaction.
http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=182d757ae6b31410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD

28. Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are
living longer than ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the
possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is
accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new issues might
designers face because of extended life spans?
I think with a longer life span the main problem would be population. Sure the ability to live to be 120 years old and longer is great
and an amazing biological feat BUT if people are living that long and generations keep reproducing you run into the problem of over
population. A lot of areas in the world are already overcrowded have trouble finding space. Our built environments will need to
expand to accommodate new generations while maintaining space for the older ones, and that is a problem designers will face. The
designers will have to come up with new ways to fit more people in one area while using as little space as possible. I also believe that
there won't just be an overcrowding in the
general city population but along with health
care facilities and nursing homes. If so many
people are living to be older than 100, many
nursing homes or facilities can easily fill up and
we would need to create more housing facilities
as well along with more health care providers for
geriatrics ( I realize we are facing similar
problems now as the Baby-Boomer generation is
getting older). Also the thought of
overpopulation means needing to provide more
food as well, which would lead designers to think
of more creative ways to provide enough food
for the constantly growing population.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4061132/What-humans-look-like-100-years-Expert-reveals-genetically-modified-
bodies-ll-need-survive.html

29. Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of disability
views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on
the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are
not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately
remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of ways to
engage disability that use the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were
introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered design).
Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and negative examples of each of
the seven principles of universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post photographs that show both a
positive and a negative example of the principle. Then address the following question: How do your examples empower or
disempower various people? Describe the specific features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative
example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved.
The photo on the left is a negative example and the photo on the right is a
positive example of the Universal Design Principle called "Size and Space
for Approach and Use". Most doorways are measured to be around 27
inches in width, but for a wheelchair you need at least 32 inches to get
through a door comfortably. Automatic doors don't exist in every area of a
building or house but a person in a wheelchair would need at least a 32
inch door to be able to get to where they need to go. Some doors go as
wide as 36 inches to ensure extra space in case of a need for a turn around.
Wide doors gives people in wheelchairs the power to get to where they
need to go quick and easy instead of trying to find an alternative route when faced with a door too small for them which then delays

30. their time and need to ask for assistance for a different entrance. By improving the 32 inch
door to a 36 inch door it provides people in wheelchairs even more freedom and power
because they don't have to try to cram their arms through a 32 inch door when pushing
themselves in and there is more room in case of a turn around.
https://www.karmanhealthcare.com/how-wide-does-a-doorway-need-
to-be-for-a-wheelchair/

31. Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yielded the following characteristics as indicated by a majority of you:
 Sex: Male (47%)
 Hair Color: Dark Brown (22%)
 Hair Texture: Wavy (33%)
 Eye Color: Blue (26%)
 Race: Caucasian (36%)
 Height: 5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
 IQ: 131-140 (20%)
 Memory: Excellent (43%)
 Athletic Ability: Excellent (43%)
 Weight: Average (79%)
 Disease Carrier: None (85%)
 Beauty: Somewhat attractive (46%)
 Empathy: Very empathetic (38%)
 Creativity: Very creative (37%)
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to
choose poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more
collective situation, we need to consider how the consequences of majority choices for children might change who we are as a
species.

32. In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human
enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man with
Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to move humans beyond their current abilities. Last
week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest that the concept of disability ‘as
we know it’ could cease to exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies
and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design
our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?
As a history lesson, we should just let the natural theory of evolution happen instead of trying to interfere with fate. These types of
technologies will cause many uproars and controversy amongst parents of children who have disabilities because not everyone looks
at them negatively but instead as a blessing. It also brings into question about why they want their kids to look a certain way, if the
child naturally came out different than their ideal child would they still love them the same? Children should be whoever they want
to be and their parents should help them grow instead of micromanage before conception even happens. Some of the positive
consequences would be being able to get rid of genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington's disease by being able to
choose the characteristic's for your child which can easily
enhance lives and extend them. You might even be able to lower
cancer rates by reducing the ones with a high genetic
component like breast cancer. Of course being able to weed out
some disabilities that cause early death will lead to an increase in
population due to extended life amongst many and that has its
own problems of overpopulation and overcrowding. I also think
some negative consequences is that eventually there will be little
to no variance in the population anymore and when the time
comes for natural selection again, there will be no variance to
adapt from and the species could go extinct. I mean sure,
everyone will look relatively the same and have the same generic
http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/13/arts/stelarc-ear-arm-art/

33. characteristics which is nice in terms of standards of beauty and such, but having good athletic ability won't be as special anymore if
millions of people are being born with the same ability.

34. Response to Titicut Follies
The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had
violated the patients’ rights by not getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he
had consent from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for
several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a
superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so many
years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not?
How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers,
planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this film
that they could use in their work?
I think Wiseman should have been allowed to film the patients because not did he get proper permission, but he was exposing how
horrible the condition was for those patients and that's why I think it was really
banned. If it was able to be shown to lawyers, doctors, and health care
professionals why could it not be open to the general public? I think it
would've cause too much of an uproar and movement that Massachusetts
didn't want to deal with. Designers who watch this can benefit because it
shows flaws in certain areas and they can improve on them and see what does
or doesn't work for a population, while gaining insight on real life interaction
with a design, like the terrible living conditions and areas patients inhabit.
Whether they want to re-design the facility because now they know how to
improve it, or to keep it in mind when building similar facilities I think it brings
in knowledge of history and bad areas that they should not repeat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater_State_Hospital

35. Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society
characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and
the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that all people can make to society.
He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and provided
the same basic human rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on
the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group
home for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of
the ten intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and
echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the
neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could
develop a workable alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights
as the rest of the population”?
I would support the proposal for the house to be built, because as I'm going to be an occupational therapist you realize that certain
populations such as intellectually challenged adults are often misunderstood. Those incidents haven't happened in four years so I
don't think that’s a justifiable reason to not let them build the home, these people live in so much stigma from society that all people
hear is "intellectually challenged" and about those incidents and they don't want to give them a chance. I think if everyone in the
neighborhood met them, and spent some time with those ten adults they could possibly change their mind about it. Some solutions

36. could be actually trying to merge them into our society and educate
ourselves on their specific case and acknowledge them. Treat them as if
they're a real person with real feelings and thoughts outside of their
"intellectually challenged" label, maybe welcome those new residents into
the neighborhood like they would anyone else and have events for everyone
in the neighborhood including the ten adults to come enjoy!
https://www.autismspeaks.org/family-services/housing-and-community-living

37. Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our
cities. Today, places of worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often
active role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious structures
tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban
future that planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit of
research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the
web.) What roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area
around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in the future development of your
city/town?
There is a place of worship in my town called the East Williamson Free Methodist Church about 3 minutes from my house
(unfortunately it suffered from a fire and that’s why the photo shows it under construction). Now there are many different churches
and places of worships in my town of different faiths so one doesn’t necessarily have an influence on our town. However this church
has had a big impact on the community, I have been there with my friend and her family many times throughout my teenage years
and it was amazing. There is regular worship for the adults and then there is also activities for children 13 and younger to attend to
during worship but that get the same knowledge. Also they have a day care center to watch children during the worship. Also once
you are 13-18 I believe there is another thing you can do called “The Attic”
which is a cool activity session for them to attend to at night, to hang out
and talk about God in a more relaxed and age appropriate setting. Its role
has changed over time by reaching out to the different youth groups in
order to keep people coming back and enjoy learning about God. This
church has the potential to grow in its role in the community simply for
how fun and engaging it is, I know we were allowed to go up and sing with
the choir on some Sundays which made it very exciting and stuck with me.
I also know many people have switched to this church simply by word of
mouth from all the great times, as well as attend the mission trips the
church holds and go on the annual retreats.

38. https://www.facebook.com/ewfmc/photos/a.1459605474285951.1073741832.1421964088050090/1711533449093151/?type=3&t
heater

39. Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of
understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process
that transforms resources, energy, and information to make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study.
We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require
input from people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field needs
to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or
professional life?
There are many things that Occupational Therapists need to tackle right now as we are still growing as a field, but personally I
believe that it is to make Occupational Therapy more widespread across the globe. Occupational Therapy is pretty large in the
United States but in other countries they consider Occupational Therapists to be on a “shortage”.7 In my class I watched a video
about a woman who would travel 2 hours each way to take her granddaughter to receive treatment from a therapist because that
was the closest one. Personally I think to tackle this problem I would love to get involved with World Federation of Occupational
Therapists and spread the knowledge and maybe even give treatment and teach abroad to expand the field worldwide.
http://www.wfot.org/
Citation: 7 World Federation of Occupational Therapists, “Working as an Occupational Therapist in Another Country”. June 2015.
Accessed May 09, 2017. http://www.wfot.org/ResourceCentre.aspx