Arabic grammar – easy syntax (arabic english)

1. --''
1Il .--,---.--,-:1.-**
ARA11ICGRA5151AR-à;YN4'AX -51A1)F.1,.
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5lA1)14ASAlIISI.AA5'1lY!r'AII
11.1.:NONI
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2. C'ON'FENTS
Arabictcrminoloqlt's qw-xlaptxmnoi 1
Syntax .-.!1 2
'I'tkeword ul2s 2
'1ilt!flfhkll) :l! 3
'
l-kcverb k.h.2s '-4
'rheparficle w,aaal )
'1hesen4ence rtxl1v..slh-suulâll.-!--$$...*ko9 4. r
L..s,<zl= 4
l'henunnativesentence ù.,.l.....w1l.7-,.....0'1.i1w..ih 4
T'heverbaisentent'e Lot-.uliklu!j.t:m:xJl 4
çuul'e.y 5
'l'I1ephraseorillcolrlpletesentent'e uzayLc!lJalp..t.v.si.aa.t.ctup 6
1DescriptivttPhrase ..11iwrof-g.l 6
2PtlssttsslvePllrase oauuus'f!i.J.l 6
.5DemonstrativePlprase ksaun!J.>1p 7
4NunterlkialPbrase usuaxli;'atzal149.3 7
5IndccllnablePhrase ..âax..x!lx.uJ..v 7
Addltionalntdles-Qx=l7.1....s k?
tçummao l(1
Slgnst'fanchun-&eCL3-particle wiaax-lha.>i1b>=h.fIwoto.'.'.tc 11
CAtneraluotes l2
Persona!pfontàuns a;t.x.us l.3
PretzosilIçlns àat'xjtwàyax-!k !4
'Lhtpsepaalclesfhalresenpbletlleverb ..huuutooczlw:Iswlh 15
Auxjliao'(defective)verbs 7.-'mtvt!ltxiïl l7
'I'hevowels wplao'j't 19
T'hecases cu'ftzull !9
I.)tl'fclerlcebetween Ao.v..-. .z.xarldJm,.w LxuRw.w....ï; lç?1

5. l
G()Ve1'l)1I1g1)(JtII1!; jux.s..fjèt.txl. 7fj
. J..k-<1.tw ïi ,Jï)
m%!.=; '?j
..1u11r.1 74
'
'Iiualp 1q
' lUxI ;). !'
, ,,.yj y;
at= l ''?
uJ! l .'Ir t.= .
'
b1:1lhi c% ..xw ;:
;xlt.)' i .'>
lIlt'1)()J1jrlàs'erl,iltj;1)ar:iclt's k1txj!ysj.j: .-!1 yf,. a .,w
1uuuuùlz 'it
. ) j y!.u y. w'-%Q J<wœ tt
)g.v-u.aIb.,..cx J4j
.jt.wax=1p-, . ;;= l-va I
iq r-.xu....xulI.-...w ï7
ttu.>!u '
q)r..I ''.rpI 'F'..M
'
è$ ?Iu .t-- .z.x .
b) xulI '=..M ..
l().ïj.slî:kki .hl.LP
II.1u.,.. îk
i2kuly1u,.,.x ,'ht
13ùavxu$té-> ?1,
6# ')
15 tu1...u .J()t
c Ik.n .1ij 4--. unox ';r)
ât

6. ARA1.11('''1'ERN11N()l.0(;IES 7..s..,x)puot-w'kl...o.I
ru'p Ntptln . '
u.ku Verb
......x I'itl.tIcle
nsu N1asculjnc
ut.u-
'p IenllI1lne
s.x1..4 spIlgular
tgl llual
..- I>ItIral
Qo .
1.* --
uotn.,x hlhtarlv't)vvels1cp'c///?tz/? t//?tlrrlrrpcz/?z 24t.br.1I:
Jlauli<-.!.:.x-)1 (t111j)&'()&r/t)Isit> <-I-..j
w.!-g;1 Sl#1()rtk(z&vcls(zç-wnzt 1-.:1)arlli(.>naknel-gzi)1(111!4%'()vk.tyls
wtaka /.tJp/?://t2rzp''z//ztzrrpzz?zlltzyz?; I'zdçrtl/tzlll
bpu '
vötw .'1Iette!vvithab'llk6h()t2(')
.>Q '
uluz..a AIe1tefwithatavhdccd(.)
y.l.s ''ltibjeotlc.doer
k.iv.v.x. Ollject1t!u()0nwkomt)rwLattheworkwasdone
Jxtr- (ltpverningwordiethatwordwhlchcauses/'rfztz?lckangeinlhewtlnl/sftlllowlngIt
J-w.x. Ihegokerne.dwordiethatwordinwhichthc?'rtulbchangeocctlred
.-..,.....21..2.21 I'heactiveverbiethatverbthcdocrofwhichTsknown/mcntioned
Jxa.1l3..11 'l'hegassiveverbiethatverbthedoerofwhichlsnotknown/mentioned
ra'k)l..$<18 Theintransitiveverbiethatverbwhichcanbeunderstoodwithouta2..6.m
vsautl.)...11 'I'hetransitiveverbiethatkerbwhichcannotbefullyunderstoodwithoutaJaxa.
o.a.w,....1 Adetinltenoun indicatedbyanJ1 egJ4-'I'thehôuse(aparticular/spcclfichouse)
z...p.wtux'b .%commonnoun indicatedbyaltwzwduw cgXJ gbouse(anyhouse)
taz.za'//JItlt.x WordwithadhammahontheIaslletter.
wpa.u.cx.ua/s.-um21Lht.vWordwltbalàhtthonthclastlettcr
oa.z..xe/.....11tlu WordwithaAtz-jzw//on1helastIetter
1

9. '1'11ESl'.N'I'ENf'E h11.ç.g.1-kwuzala..21- y.'i3!t '.v r
'I'herearetwot5.'pest)fsenfences
A.ta-.ze..uet.w (Ilalselltencewiljtrhhas1l1epossibilityofbeingtrueorfalse
B.tg1.t.:Ittu t1):1tsentcncew#)icildoesnothavetheposslbl1ityofbeingtrueorfalse
kI A.t,-,+,ut!..wisoftwotypes:
l.ta..z,.u.1lGwmxal71..11 tllalsentenccwllichbegsllswitllanoun!
l 1hesecondrarlol'thtsentencetanbeanounoraverb
ti1efirstpartoftheselltelyceiscalledla.+.(subject)t)r<..,11$,'...-.!
J
g lhesecondpartot-thtzstntenceiscalleda.t.u(prcdicate)ora.z.x.o(thewtlrdgivingthe
infbrmationl
thc1.%.isgcncrallyuaxoandthe....1.gcncrallyz.gu
botilparts(1.0.,..andx.u)willbez-v....o
cg .LL. c;)!
:4-,.1i+.x-l2t.w = .'Q + 142+.
NB AbenlenccIllayhavemorethanonea..u...k
!. ' 9 A A''Z'eg vs> uç..,z 3+JI
ù.a.xie..iit.w . 2.- + l.z+x + p.k4=
2.i.uzuvl!tyl...kl!1.......11lI)a(scntellcewllikrllbej;it)swltila'kel!)
: thcfirstpartof'thcsentencelscalledwto ora.%....ua
i. .IllesecondpartollheKen!entzeIscalledk.$ctifar%l1.kl....xan(!willalwaysbtlrx..sz..,a
1 eg Q ...l-1
*
L.a+xtg.u71.p .yu + sxi
'
NB1nthktabovcexamplethcvcrbisanintransitivevcrb(.9yllk.
>.l1!)iethatvef'bwhichi 'canbeundersl()oc1withou!aJaxa.a
l sl#Iftl'everblsatransitiveverb(ksa-o,..k..,)lethatvcrbwhichcannotbefullyundersteodwitl,oulaa.,.u.
.:! tlnt'llaa.sx.uwlllbeadkledandwilll)eva.
a.z..x..at c ,,. '
US ' 2' eg z p d11 wW
L..
z.xGiu71... ' + qyu+Nj.
li.,'XKIt(qISF.
1rrans1ate,1iIIIrltIltxp'rtzw/k,
ttndaaal'vscthefolIo'wingse'n1ences
l aazotxrlup bwkwwotw/i c.qJ!auxc.i
1 da'..u.;wak.=wa1 eukp.;I-zza t'u.iéou;w.;!
.1. , .)2Whatlsthed1Tere!lct?betwt't'n(e)antl(f)at3ove
l .J
I

11. '1'1li',131.1RAh4EOR1N('()MPI.i'.'I'F.SF-N'INENf'E c-ztustves-g.s-k...'-a+ot.t.-
I'hrasesaI't!()1*lih.etypes '
l.ucie.uoaal1wxil.z1l(DescriptivePhrasej
aphraKewhereinonew(1Itidescribes1het1lher
t1lttdescnbi11gwt'rdisk'alletjam..
th('objt-.ctbeing(1escI1bed1scaI!edu-woy
theuw-o.rand'ki.-axnlustcorrespondin
al'rïzcl/l
bGenderiemascullneandlkmknine
cNunlberleslngulaf.dualanclglural
dMu'r(/iJ?afldNazlnllt.' ..' z .,!e .y ..'$-11a't-lp-f t.::lt,.i y.i' Qd''7heg Jxkvl.- p . j, o .uj am.
u= Aymy u= uyoy Qxo uyx'y
2.xtz.s..f1kvxsalp (PossessivePhrase)
aphrasewhereill1hesecondword(4.,11....11..--)ownsorgosscssestilelirst(..,1.=-)
thc....11...--wiIIIzevergetaJ1(71'aJtlzr/fve'/).
the.t,1!.-i1...-v.,111alwaysbe134=8
lltethzzz//()1-theat..--willbeaccordingtotl4eul.tsgoverningtt
eg -k)'' 'tu- Zaid'sbook/BtlokofZaid-) .v'L.
Wiouw acn
NB 1Sometimesmany.-11.--/..sl,.a1.'-.arcfbundinonesinglepkrasc
ttg wkig''i '' Ju- Thedoorofthenlan'sllouse
V1UQ:XX .41.-.:V1wil',' wi1.='
2.If'au.....ofthewil.-.ishroudlt.1:shouldcomeinlllledhatelyallerlhe4+11..,!.-.wItkaI1Ji
andthesamel'raabaslhatoftbe..41.--.
eg a: I ;.tg1p v;ta Ihcnewclotlfof(hehouse
wi1.-11tkw Q1=i!.'n. wik''-'
3 Ifati.umofthe.+)1u-.uuuisbroughtitshouldcomelmmediatelyafler1î(4..ï)1...i$..--),
correspondingwilhlt(.+11uui.--)iein!hefouraspectsmentionedearLier
*
.,2.1 ..J..J.'h 3h' ThedoorofthenewhouseCh! ).et ,..
u.w + uyor
41Dton 3G
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15. i
StlMMAItY
. wat.x .
N L
wordu...u ------+go.a .--..- .>su..
z.t
>u
HR li
3.tdl.s+
L> W w t.atkw
nleanlngful ta.t.uu.;st.- .u .
ax!
rt:to-vk
>
<cb.?
%;ùlultt.w pla.
uAA
ulleranûxl:%2 selztcnczseg
h-vH
IA
u,w> R=. --+ oat:Jy
UJLJ.-
0a.=1s.wsy
rncanlnglcss..).+.
1.()

16. !çIGNS()FAN()lN :1.0u.u- rM
. >,p..f''
f fA1t'tt'kft'tft)Ntl1)Ii t'h? Lx-,J1
'
'I'f't't'k.'tItg'(1@'%'a .w ...w.w eg .'kw'JZt,.- o ;. ..
l/ ??ps't'ï'?lt)Il1l)cIct.>lI<'tter k'!:t V'k-..
'''
ôl w .;
4h:r)(lln!;vklth:1I'(Jtlrlklz tl!r iklb
hDtlal(waa)IrI cg xLo'v .
rhPlural(e..wj eg ,I1...J-,..
' . t..t. >*' .> ....',.7
Q1.X..l-(Lur.xoo!'u.xu) eg u.vV..7l al.ak.z.le
8u1.-. ttg.al.aw,'taf.
z.',, <,. .'Jz
9 -ia...sa eg Ju.!.!.bbjzto'
I() 'Q e 'u%.*'t;ksa B. o.
.:... : Aa1laa-.ax. eg ukuo (aIittleman)
>>.'' 9. .
12..,a.v..xw eg v-..-< (a54eccan)
!çI(;NS()FAVERB k.yx.iliuouw
lP'ecededby.,%' eg A.;..u-'Li: c
2Precedcdby...; eg 'D''*'' lIewillsoongoout
3Precededby...1.pX' eg k....*;'*'..J.w.AA He%.$,iIlgoouta1terawl11le
.j (j(jt) ...'., >p'a''4irecee yg..vxu..pw eg c..zxJp
p...JJy .''!., -:y.''5 !ect e yu...w;uo.w eg c.zi.t.J
t.> Itenw.'.s....m eg r..z.k
7In1perativec(.7Iz1rrland( 1) eg !...x*'1
8Nea(ivect1I)'!I)1and( ) eg ().z.='''''*.1*B .,+'
SIGNS()FA PARTICI.E a-z=1ou>
'Fllatwoldwhlchhasnoslgnofbanounorverbisaparticle(aparliclehasnosignot-itsown)
tllN/u;?m'a:esaldtiJ1x:dtusland1,141ra1tJhrc.spx.xct0!thclrçlthtrs(.ku) theauuonlsouetkusduaiaI1dI'Itlraldrtslglks(>1aIlotu!alldIlota
ll

19. I'RF.P()S1'l'IONS &o1-11uua-sv!l
KI'rect h1îtlvesa...- t0llle11ot1111ler1tcrs0n.w'1)lk!1)B,:IIt)eknownasa.z.w
-sx u.,.x N'l/ranlng Exanlgle
l . -wlt11 pi!uucr..;.'f IwrolenIththepenf . .
'
o2 u: -t75',1()!t'Etll)) tàlltl Fyy.FN)1a1)h
! .uh 1!ke cbv.!c- zraidislikeaIion. .,i .-?
4 .' - for .t11X..S A11praiselsrorAIlah5 A '
5 J -by((5ath) ZIs' ByAl1al.!..
> ,,...,
'
,t) '.k.a
' - sl11ce 1.JS...:,'Ioru.'ulls't. IJ1clnotseehlmslnceaweek
7 'u' -slncc kltkl'h.J.::2at'l.u; Ididnotseehlmsincefourdaysr . u .o .
8 -x.i: -bttp,ddesxexcept zgX.Q 'usîJtJ r'htzpeoplccameexceptz'ralclw uzr .
4) .va
'l2 - rllanya 9+..s; ox.kL*' pt,rKV,
J
..; NtanyaIealnedpersonplucticesonhisknowlctlge.1 .
l0t.'Jzu -besëdes.except Uu'1.1.1 'u)YIGL.f ThepeoplecameexceptZaidwe .
1la -fron'l Ili!A..2..Z.J' lrelul'nedtl'orntheyourneyw: f*w =: o .
,v ..- s.': .
l2 $.sc -besltles.except uj'-jIxwzu'tat:Q l'hcpeoglecarneexceptZaid
l1 > -ir!.ct$)a.rdinq ..TD.hu.j.r..x?1.-( Z.dudtsl!3theIAot1se
o . . y, Jzfl4
.J -tI(1!11.regardlng r.-,wj.kJ .:...1...11JC Thedoctoraskedaboutt11t)palIen!%.f', . zI. *3 z ptl, .
15w,lc -on wa,.!.sa!ws-u.'saatlp 7hecIot11esafe()nthechair'J-z.
. >
..L6 u.p...L -uptkh.u!'l!1 .1.''v-11u.,ax11 1s1epl1,1ldawn
l7 j! -tlptolowards ..4.Jt'la'!cv'-'u.; itrakzlleduptoMadinah. ' , y . ...>
I
$e11teqcegnpl.J'.jo >k'h ....,aç.'., ''
wu.:xo+AxH.-
Lwzo kttutux. JG)L' + Jcb+u;u
NB Tltea.wo.,.x +oao.xzpwil!beknownas- (connected)lothea.a dnieu.x,k41xwandtotke..koinizl.vi'u...
(asInlheaboveexample)
t.1)12 eZi AQIuy $t C
F.XERClSE
1l'fanslate.till1nthei'rrxl?pandanalyselhcfbllowingsentences
a .==.:.+'zeV'..Jxxuli bz.'...'.11A v'%11
c.t...11ux.X1J.s d% !npuy=.zQl.y1s2.2% wouu
l4

21. J'I11e ikc.311l')eacon1!.31k'tese111.eI1ce
kg 1-.1:. up ladw . v')
.)1.ula.+uwtx.
JpuwpJ.!U = .px + lssux
.âx l .1 gxkt' '1...wqu wroz h .z.x
.L .<z . .s . . .'J
eg gh.u!j k.js! jm.o .sj
tgxjdu . ' + tlcu u;uèœ
s y.e .1 ,.
lA I 1 ga.gu' <juHx ozr'A .e
4Iftllerelsa..s.xuo.x bel-tlrethea.k....klhenthea.u:kwiIIappearfirstandthcl=.sccond
...ee ''':<
.,1.
t)jj 'jNjattp t.21 .,i
(.A.y.)oh 1 !-auJ !ami'' .>kL' 'Iui.r-u'. r o . a.w
EXERI-ISE
1Tlanslate.tiII111tl1eî'railbandanalyselhefollowhngsentences
(t 'L.ZZ..Jio<.M
b t.......11'Sc ka
cJ;kzt=ool0.b.1
d,2ux..'i!wp.
e-.xt+liJxay.wo.J1
f<qatâelc.$
It)

23. &;çr1!('ILq'etIJ1(ylq'bI% tcuux'. 3..11 ,Cf
hklJlï$''i1u'J).Ljph11st'tlNs'Itl, t..x.11p11t'%lllt.I1)eèflllllj$(11r);1qlk'sllttllltftltlsu !-
cg 'a'.k>.1aa,c.htti Zaitlwastronlllltlouslywnting
tki)'I'he .x()f::isa$2x;il.wJ w .. .
2.otg-otw-e.=!-ce.u.!-..0....,.6-u%-cobcanbeusedlnt.pL.k=and....1aswell
3 J6Jto.r-uL-..cA1L-%T:can(àe11sedln 1.'--tltltI1t'11I1-+.1. !J
4r':toaazd +u2I)asa L()l)1y(11(:&a1.'--nor.-l).u qAo .
5tiaunlustbeplecededbyanotherscntcnce
6Tbew..s<oft..,...!llsstllnelilnespretixedwithaY
. . ' ' ' ''
cg.u> ti)lmw'ufJI.;&6
7lt'(hcreisaa.v-o...xtlefhlrethea.t...ktht'nthe..,.ta.willappearGrstand(he1.u4..0second
eg ..1-... utlua!jk.si .Lç
.. . '.2s.. ..
' z(*-ko)otse=1. trau)cltb.W u''xgùJu
EXERFISE
lTranslate,fillinthel'zwtz/.?andanalysethcfbllowingsentences
alL..-..'.uvt>Jlq.eup
bI:.....* Itxax
c .H. 1vp.>auwit'lw$jc.1./
d<2IJjo.tskw.11...!JIaJ
e 1..* *110.-1
('utaa1>t6e.we
gtiuta.otatloutuot6
18

24. III1'.I'S.4.41.t w,Ioc'Sl
$,.1iqti)atwl,4kl1k.1)arlyt's(J11!bt'1ast1t'tlt'rtà1'a..,u .
.1w.hkttflltt'%i1(1%k11111t%Vk)kk';tï''>
1.b=-1.t..1wl .t..1s$'t)I)),))t)IllN'tl()I)('Illt'l'r/pzt/plssht1$&'nlp'rlltsêlplqi7I';iJâ 1e....-a63r<-.ek1jE.ua, . . . ) .). ..
t't:l J>a L'v..p uW..,11x
2.-i-x.ikvw.1..x1I1)sonlttwof'dstl)e/'rtJtib1ssIlo'kvnbymeansofaayo!'the.u.r-.-; 'le sthr1ttr:. .,.zx .c6
eg claai .HAI .1..!
'1*11ECASES cuh2l-$9
AwoldcanLlelI1anyoneoffourcases
Igy11zlu. whenau..worilscor;esponclingktx!lwi.zx (a)appcarsaltheendofaword
Ctl cl .L1* l
2v.-.'Itlt-xwhenatxuori(scorrespolldingtlxlpu....v(1)agpearsattheendofaword.
c'e!p I alta.l
1 -,...21kilt.x whenau.z...uioritscorrespondingtilxliuo.x(us)appcarsat(hecndofaword
t'
eg cl ,!.al
4 r.ze2ltlux whena.' (')appearsattheendofaword
cg w..v-....up
I)IFF62RENCEBE'IAVEEN ,yo v.-...z-+ AND ...-.u...L.ux,:.....a;
'ds - ..-.-.z+areusedtodcscribetheuel.zs'ofaw'..
.u tgXJX 21hasaThewo! jâa w. - y.u
'1'))ewoIdsi...,w-t.w.'a-&.z..,6aleusedtodescribfttheueioc1ofak.,o eg''uwa.uwhasat..az 11!
py 'that1etterwhichhasar.j.at.
uexa..a thatlelterwhichhasa,..v.wi
thatlctterwhicbbasa.zx.
a.-.x tka!lcttervzhichhasat.z-C
.sw ll1alletterwhichhasau..ki::
..,.x,sx (hatlelle;whichhas&za...z
a.,.u. thalletterwhichhasaijax
o.w.u thatletterwhichhasaat-u,.u
.j.,..r. tbalIetterwhichhasa .;e..r r
111i!t'vN'k'&'tv1()l'dt!lItt$teIf1att<vs:&'i:Ikc)1I:'zd1!3.tl-:tlLc1c'rllltv!trrlrl>tOtlt.qqzirllyetl1//lïZ:JItzf(c:lyàc)aT1tlt11t!1d1t'2rtu'rlhlst()tlx'-Rzrltyctltel'r'tz')ô(.Pt
%;1nlfl11titctl,*iralllc(;rt4rnr!zxr.;saite'1()j
l9

28. l'ableof.$..xz..-,.a(:,u)Intaplklkx Tableofwsx.e.ka.w.s...a(..tu...o)I!1spIi!u
- - . (.s.1uwa,...x (a.)saw-.e . .e.,u.-.tz......1,
t..m d .. 'k. b '-z wp-/A=d<d -' u'<A==tL$
.x'..r.œ> ..y> ' ' .-,Y 'k.4m. .> A.
- - t,.,.z)a-...' !..,.w)-.s.xxa ..-u.auu,=ia
Lu. L ' - - 'tc'.<'.z'''o 4..- .u --ao ''a3
c....z - - (.o;)' u c Iwa.œ < uwa= .z= p-uz.uwa
taa-..,..o ou.,,.oa - - u.oa.<...u. J= u .
PA.- kM.*1 - - W ''.uA.<%= .w= p=
zuuu .zs ' - LxLu....l. .z= 3A :
bu=' .ù . .. 'K 't='..wœ Ioum .mo zuyUJ . .
..> -. 4uj)> 1 q . !-.0)... - suaa.o aw.s.:yu .-w,''
y... , pQ, - - ( j > lt '' ' '..M ' uzx'%' > ..24Co.M'a9.u,*-q'Jx4At.''flr .
Tableofw>xxa..,.,zgm(o,u.)lnu..x.s..ahotx Tableof ars.w(usta)lnu.k...2l..).L...
.t.k u 'tc < i
,,' ' .'
kxak1e1 I ta utc%.wsxra'. '+..z= x. J,
r'AZ1 r+'..- rA h1Yoz'*4'uxx
s ..' zz z
uLi %..,.. u .kzuy-nmlj
uxau7 %, t.x .'i.w'o.u='.< .*o v 3 .
. .': .
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