This document provides an overview of the writing process for graduate students. It discusses various steps and techniques for brainstorming, organizing, outlining, drafting, revising, and proofreading. The goal is to improve the quality of writing produced by Montana State University graduate students. Key aspects of the writing process covered include generating and sorting ideas, creating a paper outline, focusing on content over style in initial drafting, and performing multiple revisions to refine the work. Students are also encouraged to meet with the graduate writing tutor for additional assistance.

1. Approaches to Writing
A Division of Graduate Education Seminar

2. Graduate Writing Tutor
Mission: to improve the quality of graduate writing that leaves
Montana State University

3. The “Writing Process”
 Brainstorming
 Organizing
 Outlining
 Drafting
 Revising
 Polishing

4. Brainstorming
“He is the greatest artist who has embodied, in the sum of his
works, the greatest number of the greatest ideas.”
-- John Ruskin

5. This is your Brain, on Paper
 A way to quickly generate
ideas.
 Ideas may or may not be
related to your thesis topic.
 A good approach to
generate your actual thesis
statement.
 A way to get “unstuck”
when you’re stalled.
 Techniques include flow
charts (like the one above),
note cards, furious note-
taking, and stream-of-
consciousness writing.

6. Organization
“Remember, America, organization will set you free.”
-- Alton Brown

7. Laying a Foundation
 Separate the “wheat from
the chaff.”
 Sort the leftovers into
useable groups that support
your thesis.
 Try different numbering
systems to keep like ideas
together.
 Remember, don’t throw
anything away. You never
know when it will become
useful again.

8. Outlining
“The beginning of an acquaintance whether with persons or
things is to get a definite outline of our ignorance.”
-- George Eliot

9. A Sketch of Your Paper
 Useful for seeing things on
a paper-wide level
 A way of looking at how
your different points
balance against each other
 It’s handy to have one
either as a reference while
writing or to just start
typing your paper in the
outline.

10. Drafting
“One of the few things I know about writing is this: spend it all,
shoot it, play it, lose it, all, right away, every time. Do not
hoard what seems like a good idea for a later place … give it,
give it all, give it now.”
-- Annie Dillard

11. The “Easiest” Part
 Let all your ideas flow onto the page.
 DON’T WORRY ABOUT GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION,
MECHANICS, AND STYLE. (not in this stage, anyhow).
 Remember, drafting can be a form of thought or
research. It can take you in directions you never
imagined or lead you to new discoveries.

12. Revision
“No single bad writing habit is so powerful as the habit of typing
an essay only when you are ready to turn it in.”
-- Richard Lanham

13. Shaping and Polishing
What do I look for?
 Missing content
(quotations, connective
material, citations)
 Efficient paragraph order
 Wordy passages
 Word choice
 Tone
How many times?
 Realistically, look to
completely revise your
draft at least twice.
 Remember to take a break
when you need it. Long
revising sessions can make
you blind to many problems
with your paper.

14. Proofreading
 Finally, worry about
grammar, typos, spelling,
formatting, and the “look”
of the paper.
 Use a handbook or style
guide:
 The Elements of Style
(Strunk/White)
 Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity
and Grace (Williams)
 A Manual for Writers of
Research Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations (Turabian et
al.)

15. The Paramedic Method
Paramedic Method (Necessities)
 Circle the prepositions
 Circle “is” forms.
 Ask “who is kicking who?”
 Put this “kicking” action
in a simple, active verb.
 Start fast -- no mindless
introductions.
Paramedic Method (Extras)
 Write out each sentence
on a blank sheet of paper
and mark off its rhythmic
units with a /.
 Mark off sentence lengths
in the passage with a /.
 Read the passage aloud
with emphasis and
feeling.

16. Final Quick Tips
 Write from a process. When you’re stalled, it’s something to
fall back on.
 Work on your project a little bit every day.
 Meet with your committee early and often. Better small
changes along the way than major revisions at the end.
 Read aloud, or have someone read your paper to you.
 Cut down on “to be” verbs, prepositions, and jargon. Don’t
use a five dollar word where a five cent word will do.
 Make an appointment with the Graduate Writing Tutor!

17. Appointments
 Call 994-5315 to make an appointment.
 Appointments are available Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and
Thursdays from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
 E-mail consultations are also available. Write to
tutoring@hypercrit.net for more info.
 This is a FREE service offered by the DGE.
 Thanks for coming!