The document discusses various topics related to digital media technology, including film trailers, kiosks, DVDs, CDs, user generated content, mobile devices, digital video capture, compression, digital file formats, and aspect ratios. Film trailers used to come after films but now are shown before to promote more films. Kiosks provide interactive maps and information to users. DVDs are commonly used to mass produce and distribute films but can be damaged by scratches.

1. VOLUME 1 ISSUE 2
Applications and Technology
Inside This Issue Film Trailers
1 Film Trailers Film trailers are an advertisement made to promote an
existing or upcoming feature film. These are usually shown
2 Kiosks
in the cinemas or are put onto DVDs. Film trailers usually
3 DVD’s consist of clips from the film either they will be small
snippets or key story events and show a date of the film
4 CD’s
release into the cinemas or onto DVD. Film trailers are
5 User Generated called trailers because they used to be shown at the end
6 Mobile Devices of a film. The problem was that most people used to leave
straight after the film had finished and did not watch the
7 Digital Camera Capture
trailers. Making the trailers purpose not as good as they
8 Compression thought it would be. Now trailers have been moved to the
start of films, but the name trailer has stuck, so people will
9 Digital File Formats
watch them before they watch the film. This allows more
9 Aspect Ratio films to be promoted and that people can see more
10 Streaming Methods upcoming films.
10 Media Players
Advantages
Film trailers are a great way to advertise a film as they let
people know when the film is going to be released and
what it may be about. Film trailers can be watched at any
time in many different ways, they can be viewed on the
internet using, computers, laptops, tablets and mobile
Film trailers used to devices. This is making it increasingly easier for Films to gain
come after the feature more promotion and make more profit. Using the internet
film that people used to to advertise your film will make it easier to get around to
see but now have been other people as the URL can be sent over Facebook and
moved to the front of
other websites. They also allow people to see the cast of
the film if the audience is interested and do not want to go
the film, but the name
look for that information.
has stuck.
Disadvantages
A disadvantage to film trailers is that people may make
assumptions of the film from what they have seen from the
trailer and not go watch the film at all. To avoid this trailers
have to make themselves look as interesting as possible to
the audience. In some cases people find the trailers too
short or too long. If the trailer is too long it may give too
much information about the film or just feel like it is
dragging on, where as if it is too short people might not get
what it is about and no longer interested it the film.

2. PAGE 2 JASMINE MCGARTY
Kiosks
A kiosk is an interactive computer used for the public
domain; they usually allow access information to do with
communication, commerce, education and
entertainment. Kiosks can be found in Shopping Centres
and all sorts of other places. Kiosks can show you how to
get somewhere from where you are. Usually kiosks will
display a map of the area where you are, they also might
have a search bar or have menus of certain shops or
places that might interest you. When the user starts to
search for a shop or place the kiosk will show all the
possible places if there are multiple shops. The kiosk will
show you a position on a map with ‘You are here’ then will
start to show possible routes to the destination you have
chosen.
Advantages
Kiosks allow people to find their way to somewhere with the
help of an interactive map, these can be very useful for
tourists and other people visiting places they do not know.
It can also help you find multiple places of the same shop
or restaurant. Some kiosks allow you to withdraw money so
that you do not have to travel or wait in line a bank. You
can also find kiosks in places like cinemas where you can
use them to buy pre booked tickets rather than having to
wait in line to buy tickets or the pre booked ones.
Disadvantages
Problems with kiosks are that they can break and make the
user have to get someone to help or to fix the machine.
This can be a waste of time at the cinemas as you may
have to wait longer for someone to come help fix the
machine which could take longer than waiting in line. This
can slow processes down much more than it can help
speed them up.

3. EMPLOYEE NEWSLETTER PAGE 3
DVD’s
A DVD is an optical disk storage format that was invented
in 1995. Pre – written DVDs are mass produced by
stamping the discs with data these are known as DVD-
ROM as data cannot be removed or re written but only
read. The most common use of DVD-ROMs is to sell
feature films. Blank DVD’s can been used to store data
this can range from 4.7GB which is the most common up
to 17.08GB which is rather rare. These blank but
recordable DVDs are known as DVD-R or DVD+R; these
can be used to create DVD-ROM by using a recording
device and having the data written onto the blank DVD.
There are also some DVDs that be written and the re-
written on multiple times these are called DVD-RW,
DVD+RW and DVD-RAM.
Advantages
DVD’s are mainly used for mass production of films and
other media. A lot of the profits of films come from the
sales of the DVD of that film. They are good ways to hold
more content of the film such as playing the film with a
running commentary of the actors or producer. Also there
is no need to rewind or anything and they are easy to
store. You can buy CD wallets that hold many CDs and
DVDS in a single case. Films are gradually being updated
to blu-ray and high definition as they are going down in
price as they are getting more common for people to
buy.
Disadvantages
If the DVD gets scratched it can ruin the whole thing
either it not working at all or the film stopping all time
when it comes to the scratch. Also there is a big market
for selling pirated films which can badly damage the film
industry. With so many fake films made it can damage
the profits of what films make and can make it so that the
company that made them did not make returns on the
film they have produced. DVD’s are slowly being bought
less and less with the internet and allowing people to
stream the film or rent it for the day.

4. PAGE 4 JASMINE MCGARTY
Cd’s
CD stands for Compact Disc and is used to store digital
data on an optical disc. It was originally made to store
and play back data, but was developed further to store
data. Even though it has become gradually outdated for
data storage as more people are using flash drives and
other means of storing data. Standard CDs can hold up
to 700mb of uncompressed data and even more when
compressed. Pre-written CDs are mass produced to sell
music as it can be made so that the discs cannot be re-
written or the data removed. Some good points for CD’s
are that they are small so they can be stored pretty easily.
Advantages
They are easy to store as you can buy a CD wallet that
you can place many CD’s in and that can be easy to
store as well and easy to keep playing on repeat. They
can be used in computers to play music, play games on,
and have files that can be installed or to rewrite CDs and
store data. They also can be uses in cars to listen to music
and used in other technology too.
Disadvantages
The sales of CDs are declining due to being able to buy
music digitally and can be held by mp3s, IPods mobile
devices and other devices. Some drawbacks to CD’s are
that they can be scratched and stop working. You may
have to keep changing you CD to listen to other music
rather than it carrying on straight to the next track.

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User Generated
User generated content is produced by people themselves
and is uploaded to the internet or other places. User
generated content can be anything as it is what people
make, this can be videos, art, music, stories or even just
blogging, tweeting or uploading photos to Facebook.
YouTube is a great example of user generated content as
many people upload videos every day and these can be
use from all over the world. YouTube is also a great tool for
viral videos to circle the world. There are many website that
allow people to post their own content these are website
such as ‘Facebook’, ‘Twitter’, where posting something is
called tweeting, ‘YouTube’, where you can find many
uploaded videos, ‘Tumblr’ where you can find posts of
anything such as pictures, videos, stories, and music. There
is also another website called ‘Flickr’ where people who
have taken images and edited them post their work. These
are all great ways for people to share their work or share
their lives or just have fun.
Advantages
It is a good way to share photos and videos with family and
friends. Or share your hobby with people, it is also a good
way for people to create a portfolio which is easily
accessible by people looking for talent or user generated
content. Many people have become YouTube celebrities
by using YouTube to post videos of themselves doing
different thins or just doing something they like to do. There
is also ways to promote you to the world either singing
acting or creating short films to post on websites that allow
user generated content to be viewed.
Disadvantages
There are many problems that come with theses websites
such as with Facebook, Twitter and YouTube there is a lot
of cyber bullying where people can upload images or
videos of people without their permission. Also plagiarism
can be easier to do because the image can be used in
whichever way once uploaded to the internet.

6. PAGE 6 JASMINE MCGARTY
Mobile Devices
Mobile devices have increased dramatically in the way
people use them and how many people have them, first of
all they could only be used to call people when on the go,
now you can text, take videos, download apps, store
music, videos, and pictures, browse the internet and much
more. They have gone from small screens with no color to
small HD screens with 720p plus. They can still be used to
call and text people from the device but can also use
them to download many apps that allow you to stream
films, music and other media straight to your device. Some
people even have multiple devices for other uses or the
same one for the same use. Many mobile phones have
camera devices that allow people to record and take
photos; they also have features to be able to upload them
straight to the internet. They can be sent mobile to mobile
in seconds and can be stored on these devices. They can
also be used to store music digitally so that you don’t have
to carry around a lot of CD’s. Touch screen on phones is
increasing much more as there are more games and other
apps.
Advantages
It is becoming easier to use mobile devices as touch screen
is becoming more and more popular. This means people
can switch from apps to call and texting with one swipe of
a finger. And the devices are getting much better at
running apps and other things. Mobiles have become a
necessity to people in the modern world as it is hard to get
a hold of someone without one. They are quickly
becoming much more than a phone; they are a source of
entertainment, social networking, with Facebook and
Twitter, they can be used for music players and cameras as
more recent phones such as the IPhone have 5megapixel
cameras making the image quality better.
Disadvantages
The problem with mobile phones being able to do much
more is that the battery life of mobile devices is being used
much quicker as the phone can do much more. Most
recent phones require charging every night whereas with
older phones that do not have touch screen could be
charged about once every two days.

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Digital Video Capture
Digital video capture is creating a video and making it into
a digital format to either place on the internet or other
places such as YouTube or to keep on mobile devices.
Advantages
Video capture can now be done by anyone with a phone
with a camera or a camera; most people will have
something that will be able to capture video in one way or
another. Video capture can be done in many different
qualities as well by having different mega pixel capture
devices. These devices can range in quality the most
frequently used is 5 megapixels for camera phones and
cam-recorders. With having most people with camera
devices it mean a lot more of what happens around the
world can be shared over the internet or by sending the
data over text or putting it onto a disc. Video capture has
become a great way to make yourself a YouTube celebrity
by posting video and people sharing them.
Disadvantages
There are a few disadvantages as the quality of the
capture can be that bad that the video is no more than
distortion and can’t be understood. There can also be
videos taken without consent of the person in the video,
then which can be spread throughout the internet. Some
of this can be called cyber bulling where people then
comment of the video and make fun of the person in the
video.

8. PAGE 8 JASMINE MCGARTY
Compression
Lossy and lossless compressions are two ways to compress
a file, image or a video. Lossy compression is when the
image is compressed to a smaller file but the quality is very
much reduced as the image or video has pixels per inch
reduced so that more colours are stretched over more
than one pixel. Lossless compression is where the file is
reduced but without reducing the quality of the file.
Advantages
Lossy compression is a good way to make the file smaller as
it greatly reduces the file size. This makes the file much
smaller and easier to store, upload to the internet or just
takes up less space on a storage device. Lossless
compression is a good way to compress a file as the file
keeps the quality of the original. Lossy Compression
Disadvantages
Lossy compression over time can be compressed so much
that the image can’t be seen and that the file once
compressed will keep losing pixels over time each time the
image or video is downloaded and re uploaded making
the image quality really bad. For lossless compression the
image keeps the quality but keeps the file size much larger
than it would with lossy compression.

9. EMPLOYEE NEWSLETTER PAGE 9
Digital File Formats
There are many different Digital file formats which depend
of the software which is used to edit or to use the video
with. Some of these formats: .mpg, .mp4, .mov, .avi, .wmv,
.flv, .swf, .3GP, .ASF.
Advantages
The advantages of having different files types is that it
means that there are more ways to play the capture with
different software. Also the different files mean that there
can more ways to convert the file to larger or smaller file
sizes with different qualities. Some may be able to keep
the quality and make the file smaller or ways to make it
even smaller but lose some of the qualities.
Disadvantages
All these files types may confuse people because that
there many different types of software that can be used
and some are not compatible with each other, and it may
be hard to find compatible software.
Aspect Ratio
Aspect ratio is the proportional measurement of width and
height; this could be an image or video. The most common
aspect ratios are 4:3 which is a standard resolution and
16:9 which is wide screen or high definition.
Advantages
Aspect ratios are good as the image can be really crisp is
the resolution of a screen and the aspect ratio match. If a
screen uses a 4:3 aspect ratio and the video or image does
the video or image will fill the whole screen. This is the same
for the 16:9 aspect ratios as well.
Disadvantages
If the aspect ratio and the screen do not use the same
ratios such as the image is 16:9 and the screen is 4:3 the
image will ‘letterbox’ on the screen. This is where the top
and the bottom of the screen have black strips across it.
Making it look more like letter box.

10. PAGE 10 JASMINE MCGARTY
Streaming Methods
Streaming methods is where data is being sent via the
internet, bit by bit. This could be a film or any video. This
is currently used on YouTube and a lot of other websites.
It can be also used to have a TV players play live TV to
your computer or mobile device.
Advantages
An advantage to streaming methods is that you can
start to watch the video before it has fully loaded. It
allows you to watch the bit you have already received.
Disadvantages
A disadvantage is that it can take a while to load a file
if that file is large, making you have to pause the video
and wait for it to load more. This could also happen if
the file is small but you have a slow internet connection
or if the video is being watched by many people.
Media Players
Media players such as DivX and windows media player
allow the user to watch films, listen to music and many
media files.
Advantages
The media players allow the user to play music and
watch films easily.
Disadvantages
Some media player requires an internet connection or
right type of file. So that means that you can’t use all
types of file formats with some media players.