The document outlines the distinctions between API management and API gateways, as well as various deployment patterns such as monolithic, hybrid, and microservices architectures. It emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate gateway pattern based on application needs, highlighting features like load balancing and authentication. Additionally, it addresses trends in API traffic and the technical requirements for modern API infrastructure.

1. Deployment Patterns
for API Gateways
Jay Desai
September 2019

2. 2
1. API management vs API gateway
2. API gateway deployment
patterns
3. Selecting the right deployment
pattern for my application
Agenda
Jay Desai
Technical Solutions
Architect
j.desai@f5.com
is now a part of

3. But first … brief History of APIs
Sales Force Automation
• February 7th, 2000 Salesforce.com
officially launched at the IDG Demo 2000
conference.
eBay API
• November 20, 2000, eBay launched the
eBay Application Program Interface (API),
along with the eBay Developers Program.
3

4. Three Common Patterns
4
Monolithic Hybrid Microservices
Application modernization
>60%
Core, legacy
business apps
~30%
Legacy with micro-
services add-ons
~10%
Modern apps
optimized for digital
Statistics from 2018 NGINX Brand Survey

5. Monolithic Application
Architecture
• Feature sets coded into the application.
• Adapters complicated to interact with.
• Rest API available but is an application
in itself.
• Complicated change management.
• Broken code = Broken Application.

6. Modernised Application
Architecture
6
• Reference the best in class of code.
• Feature Rich or Light Weight.
• Interchangeable vendors.
• Scalable.
• Flexible.
• Resilient

7. API App Development
7
api.shoppincart.com
api.shipping.com
api.inventory.com
api.recommendations.com
api.orders.com
api.reviews.com
api.catalog.com
api.myapplication.com

8. API Management
8
Dev & Product
Security
(App, Net & Ops)
Network /
DevOPS
Operations,
Support,
Networks,
DevOPS,
DEVops
Product, Billing
Marketing,
DevOps, Product.
Sales.

9. API Management
• Policy management
• Analytics & monitoring
• Developer documentation
API Gateway
• Authenticator
• Request router
• Rate limiter
• Exception handler

10. 1 BILLION
Total sites running

11. 83%of all hits are classified as
API traffic (JSON/XML)

16. Why care?
16
• Latency & response time
• Indiscriminate network hops
• Expensive layer 7 payload inspection
• Enforced scaling dimensions

18. API Gateway Essential
Functions
18
TLS termination
Client
authentication
Fine-grained
access control
Request routing
Rate limiting Load balancing
Service discovery
of backends
Request/response
manipulation

19. API
A
API
B
API
C
API
A
API
B
API
C
Edge Gateway
19
API
A
API
B
API
C
• TLS termination
• Client authentication
• Authorization
• Request routing
• Rate limiting
• Load balancing
• Request/response manipulation

20. Edge Gateway
20
API
A
API
B
API
C
D
E
F
G
H
• TLS termination
• Client authentication
• Authorization
• Request routing
• Rate limiting
• Load balancing
• Request/response manipulation
• Façade routing

21. Two-Tier Gateway
21
API
A
API
B
API
C
D
E
F G
HSecurity Gateway
• TLS termination
• Client authentication
• Centralized logging
• Tracing injection
Routing Gateway
• Authorization
• Service discovery
• Load balancing
• Rate Limiting

22. Microgateway
22
E
E
F
G
F
H
D
D
D
E
F
DevOps
Team-
owned
• Load balancing
• Service Discovery
• Authentication per API
• TLS Termination
• Routing
• Rate limiting

24. F
E
Microgateway
24
E
E
F
F
D
D
D
• Service discovery integration
• Obtain authentication credentials
• Everything else!

25. F
E
Sidecar Gateway
25
E
E
F
F
D
D
D
• Outbound load balancing
• Service discovery integration
• Authentication
• Authorization?
Edge / Security Gateway
• TLS termination
• Client authentication
• Centralized logging
• Tracing injection

26. Kubernetes Cluster
F
E
Service Mesh
26
E
E
F
F
D
D
D
Service Mesh Control Plane
Ingress / Edge Gateway
All DevOps teams

27. 27

28. Data Plane
Control Plane
<scripts>
<API’s>
Request Response
Data Plane
Control
Plane
Request Response
Manages and
Monitors all of
your API’s
Routes
Incoming
API Calls
Traditional API Management Modern API Management
Manages and
Monitors all of
your API’s
Routes
Incoming
API Calls
A B C

29. Picking the Right Gateway Pattern for
my Application
Edge Gateway + Monoliths with centralized governance
- Frequent changes, DevOps team-owned microservices
Two-Tier
Gateway
+ Flexibility, independent scaling of functions
- Distributed control
Microgateway + DevOps teams, high-frequency updates
- Hard to achieve consistency, authorization minefield
Sidecar
Gateway
+ Policy-based E/W, strict authentication requirements
- Control plane complexity

30. j.desai@f5.comNGINX.com | @NGINX
Thank you!