APA ERRORS!
Purpose
These slides show the most common APA
style errors students make in their papers. We
ask that you alert your students to the
patterns of their errors. You need not correct
every instance—just enough to show them
the kinds of APA errors they are making.
Topics
• Documentation
• Formatting and Variations
• Numbers, Spelling, and Punctuation
• Quirks and Odds and Ends
In-Text Citations: Bottom Line
– Writers must supply page numbers for
direct quotes from print sources or ¶
number for electronic ones.
– You must use quotation marks if
quoting a source directly (unless block quote).
– Per APA 3.39, you are not required to
provide page numbers for paraphrases,
but “authors are encouraged to do so.
How to Cite Sources
• Follow the conventions of the style
manual.
–In-text citations on pp. 117-122 &
207-214
–Reference lists chapter 5 (5th ed.)
–www.apastyle.org
–See the APA Style Asylum in the writing
center for more examples.
APA style uses author-date citations only.
The authors (or in their absence, the title of the work) appear first, followed by the year
of publication, and often a page number at the end of a sentence.
After first reference in a paragraph, you need not cite the year in the same paragraph. You
must cite the year on first reference in subsequent paragraphs.
When citing multiple authors in parentheses, use
an ampersand.
Nuance was determined to be irrelevant (Gerstein,
Morrison, & Glazer, 2000, p. 211).
When not in parentheses, use the word and.
Gerstein, Morrison, and Glazer (2000) found
that “nuance is far overrated” (p. 211).
Note where the punctuation belongs.
The plural of p. is pp. {space}
(pp. 211-212).
Space after a p. or pp.
WAIT I MISSED THOSE.
(In parentheses, use &)
Not in parentheses, use and
“Place the final punctuation after
the parentheses” (Tom, Dick, &
Harry, 2001).
On Formatting Block Quotes
• Block form for direct quotes 40 words or more.
• Use only rarely; instead, paraphrase.
• Indent the same as a paragraph tab; same
margin on the right.
• The final punctuation comes before the
parenthetical element.
. . . and unpatriotic. (p. 285)
➫
➫ No
punctuation
Steinbrink and Cook (2003) wrote that
the post-September 11 discussion in the U.S. media,
based on fear of additional terror, showed an
overwhelming preoccupation with nationalistic images
and icons. The media’s “us versus them” discourse is
based on patriotic motifs (U.S. flags everywhere);
human-interest stories about the 9/11 victims that
reinforce nationalism; and narratives that demonize
“them,” such as reports about Taliban brutality and
Palestinian suicide bombers. (p. 285)
➫ ➫ No
punctuation
In-text citation of Web page
Show retrieval date for nonpermanent
Web sources. Electronic sources:
para. or ¶ or p. 2 of 6.
Bestà Method section, ¶ 3.
WAIT! I ALMOST FORGOT!
If you’re lis.
“Writing Styles” workshop introduces the idea that a specific writing style provides the writers with the rules they need to produce a research paper that conforms to its standards.For those who want to complete their post-graduate studies, it is a good idea to buy the style manual accepted by the majority of their department members. You have to make sure that you get the most recent edition.
Each style manual has many, many rules, most of which you do not need to learn in detail. When preparing to write your research paper, you have to refer to your style manual so many times to make sure that you are following its standards.
In this workshop, we are going to concentrate upon APA.
Taking Notes for ResearcHSample Bibliography Card.docxbradburgess22840
Taking Notes for ResearcH
Sample Bibliography Card
3
Peters, Brian M. “Emo Gay Boys and Subculture: Postpunk Queer Youth and (Re)thinking Images of Masculinity.” Journal of LGBT Youth 7.2, vol. 7, no. 2, 2010, pp. 129-146.
For information on MLA citation format, refer to the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) website at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01.
Take Careful Notes
Have an organized method for taking notes. Note cards or note pages are two effective methods.
If using notecards, write down only 1 piece of information on each notecard. Include the subtopic where that information will belong in your paper.
If you know you will not quote the information in your paper, write it down in your own words in your notes.
If you might quote the information, write down the quote placing quotation marks around the exact words used in the text.
Make sure you note the source number (according to your working bibliography) and page number (unless using an online or database source) in your notes.
Organize Your Notes
Rearrange your notes so that you connect your own ideas with those that you found through your research.
NOTE: This is easiest to do if you use note cards or “note pages.”
Sample Notecard
3
Fashion
Dress adrogynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
p. 139
Sample Note Pages
Fashion
“The mods of the millennium: black hair; sweeping, dramatic bangs; heavy eyeliner [“guyliner”], and tailored clothing” (Peters 129).
Dress androgynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
(Peters 139)
“The art of crafting oneself to be shunned means that the flip side is acceptance within the desired subcultural space” (Peters 139)
Vintage or band shirts, “form-fitting” outfits, skinny jeans, shoes, sneakers or combat boots (Smith)
Music
Evolved out of punk rock, a ”form of refusal” (Hebdige 2)
“We’re not twenty-one / But the sooner we are / The sooner the fun will begin” (Dashboard Confessional)
The hardcore genre emerged out of “a bad economy, inflation, change of administration. [The election in 1980 of Ronald] Reagan was the kind of antithesis or the reaction, a whole new, like a paradigm shift. There was a lot of concern of, you know, what might that mean in terms of all kinds of issues: freedom of speech, repression, and civil liberties, and that was sort of that era.” (American Hardcore)
Avoid Plagiarism
Take careful notes (on note cards, on a computer as “note pages,” or in a notebook)
Make sure you accurately present a writer’s words or ideas.
When taking notes, put the author’s exact words in quotes (so you will know they are a direct quotation). If you are paraphrasing the author’s words, write them in your own words in your notes (so you don’t accidentally use the author’s words without quoting them).
Make sure you writ.
Taking Notes for ResearcHSample Bibliography Card.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Taking Notes for ResearcH
Sample Bibliography Card
3
Peters, Brian M. “Emo Gay Boys and Subculture: Postpunk Queer Youth and (Re)thinking Images of Masculinity.” Journal of LGBT Youth 7.2, vol. 7, no. 2, 2010, pp. 129-146.
For information on MLA citation format, refer to the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) website at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01.
Take Careful Notes
Have an organized method for taking notes. Note cards or note pages are two effective methods.
If using notecards, write down only 1 piece of information on each notecard. Include the subtopic where that information will belong in your paper.
If you know you will not quote the information in your paper, write it down in your own words in your notes.
If you might quote the information, write down the quote placing quotation marks around the exact words used in the text.
Make sure you note the source number (according to your working bibliography) and page number (unless using an online or database source) in your notes.
Organize Your Notes
Rearrange your notes so that you connect your own ideas with those that you found through your research.
NOTE: This is easiest to do if you use note cards or “note pages.”
Sample Notecard
3
Fashion
Dress adrogynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
p. 139
Sample Note Pages
Fashion
“The mods of the millennium: black hair; sweeping, dramatic bangs; heavy eyeliner [“guyliner”], and tailored clothing” (Peters 129).
Dress androgynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
(Peters 139)
“The art of crafting oneself to be shunned means that the flip side is acceptance within the desired subcultural space” (Peters 139)
Vintage or band shirts, “form-fitting” outfits, skinny jeans, shoes, sneakers or combat boots (Smith)
Music
Evolved out of punk rock, a ”form of refusal” (Hebdige 2)
“We’re not twenty-one / But the sooner we are / The sooner the fun will begin” (Dashboard Confessional)
The hardcore genre emerged out of “a bad economy, inflation, change of administration. [The election in 1980 of Ronald] Reagan was the kind of antithesis or the reaction, a whole new, like a paradigm shift. There was a lot of concern of, you know, what might that mean in terms of all kinds of issues: freedom of speech, repression, and civil liberties, and that was sort of that era.” (American Hardcore)
Avoid Plagiarism
Take careful notes (on note cards, on a computer as “note pages,” or in a notebook)
Make sure you accurately present a writer’s words or ideas.
When taking notes, put the author’s exact words in quotes (so you will know they are a direct quotation). If you are paraphrasing the author’s words, write them in your own words in your notes (so you don’t accidentally use the author’s words without quoting them).
Make sure you writ.
This document provides guidance on formatting citations and references according to the American Psychological Association (APA) style. It addresses topics such as in-text citations, reference lists, font, margins, running headers, and challenges with citing different source types such as edited books, online articles, interviews, websites, and blogs. The document is intended to help students and researchers properly cite sources and format papers according to APA style.
1 ASA Format The American Sociological Associatio.docxjoyjonna282
1
ASA Format
The American Sociological Association Style is intended for use by authors preparing
manuscripts for publication in ASA journals. This handout is intended for students who are
instructed to use ASA style when writing research papers. Consult the American Sociological
Association Style Guide for more detailed information (Ref Desk HM 569.A54 2007).
Manuscript Format
• All text (including footnotes & references) must be doubled spaced and in a
12 point type.
• Margins must be at least 1¼ inches on all four sides.
• A separate title page including title of paper, name(s) & institution(s) of authors,
word count for the manuscript (including footnotes and references), title footnote
(includes names, addresses of authors, acknowledgements, credits, and grants).
• If required, on a separate page provide a short (150-200 word) abstract headed
with the title.
• Begin the text of the paper on a separate page headed with the title of the paper.
Citations in Text
• If author’s name is in the text, follow it with the publication year in parentheses:
When Chu (1977) studied…
• If the author’s name is not in the text, enclose the last name and year in parentheses:
When the study was completed… (Jones 1994).
• If the page number is to be included, it follows the year of publication after a colon, with
no space between the colon and the page number:
…as reported by Chavez (1966:16).
• For three authors, give all last names in the first citation in the text. Afterwards use the
first name and “et al.” For more than three names, use the first author’s last name plus
“et al.” Examples as follow:
Three authors, first in-text citation = (Smith, Garcia and Lee 1954)
Three authors, later in-text citations = (Smith et al. 1954)
More than three authors = (Snow et al. 1999)
• Quotations in the text must begin and end with quotation marks. The citation follows the
end-quote mark and precedes the period, as follows:
“In the late 1990s, reported data shows that technologically oriented jobs paid better”
(Hildenbrand 1999:47).
2
Footnotes & Endnotes
• Try to avoid footnotes, but if necessary, use footnotes to cite material of limited
availability or to add information presented in a table.
• Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the essay with superscript
Arabic numerals and included at the bottom of the manuscript page or in a separate
section headed "Endnotes."
Reference List
• References follow the text and endnotes in a separate section headed "References."
• All references cited in the text must be listed and vice-versa.
• Remember: Like all other parts of the manuscript, references should be
double-spaced.
• List references in alphabetical order by author’s last names.
• Use hanging indention (see examples below).
• Invert the author’s name (type it last name first). If there are two or more authors,
invert only the fir ...
APA Style Citation Guide This handout is based on the 6th .docxfestockton
APA Style Citation Guide
This handout is based on the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA), but is not a comprehensive guide. For all rules and requirements of APA citations,
please consult the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
APA requires that information be cited in 2 different ways—within the text and in a reference list at the
end of the paper. The reference list should be on a new page, double spaced, and use the hanging
indent method (all lines after the first one are indented). See also:
‐ Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association, 2010.
‐ Concise Rules of APA Style, 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2010.
CITATIONS IN THE TEXT:
APA uses the author‐date method of citation. The last name of the author and the date of publication
are inserted in the text in the appropriate place.
When referencing or summarizing a source, provide the author and year. When quoting or summarizing
a particular passage, include the specific page or paragraph number, as well.
When quoting in your paper, if a direct quote is less than 40 words, incorporate it into your text and use
quotation marks. If a direct quote is more than 40 words, make the quotation a free‐standing indented
block of text and DO NOT use quotation marks.
One work by one author:
• In one developmental study (Smith, 1990), children learned...
OR
• In the study by Smith (1990), primary school children...
OR
• In 1990, Smith’s study of primary school children…
Works by multiple authors:
When a work has 2 authors cite both names every time you reference the work in the text. When a work
has three to five authors cite all the author names the first time the reference occurs and then
subsequently include only the first author followed by et al. For 6 or more authors, cite only the name of
the first author followed by et al. and the year. For example:
• First citation: Masserton, Slonowski, and Slowinski (1989) state that...
• Subsequent citations: Masserton et al. (1989) state that...
Works by no identified author:
When a resource has no named author, cite the first few words of the reference entry (usually the title).
Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, chapter, or Web page. Italicize the title of a
periodical, book, brochure, or report. For example:
• The site seemed to indicate support for homeopathic drugs (“Medical Miracles,” 2009).
• The brochure argues for homeschooling (Education Reform, 2007).
• Treat reference to legal materials such as court cases, statutes, and legislation like works
with no author.
Two or more works in the same parenthetical citation:
Citations of two or more works in the same parentheses should be listed in the order they appear in the
reference list ( ...
This document provides information about plagiarism, citation styles, and how to avoid plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as academic theft and discusses how it can be committed unintentionally. Famous examples of accidental and intentional plagiarism are given, such as incidents involving Helen Keller, George Harrison, Joe Biden, and Stephen Ambrose. The document explains when citations are needed in-text and provides examples of in-text citations in both MLA and APA styles. It also discusses reference pages in MLA and APA formats and provides examples of basic reference page entries for books, journal articles, and internet sources. Common questions about citations are addressed.
This document provides instruction on using MLA citation style. It begins by defining plagiarism and explaining the importance of citation styles in avoiding plagiarism. It then details the key components of MLA style, including in-text citations and bibliographic entries. Examples are provided for different source types such as books, articles, and websites. The document emphasizes correctly citing sources within the text and providing a Works Cited list to give credit to authors and avoid plagiarism. Practice examples are included to reinforce the proper formatting of in-text citations and bibliographic entries using MLA style.
“Writing Styles” workshop introduces the idea that a specific writing style provides the writers with the rules they need to produce a research paper that conforms to its standards.For those who want to complete their post-graduate studies, it is a good idea to buy the style manual accepted by the majority of their department members. You have to make sure that you get the most recent edition.
Each style manual has many, many rules, most of which you do not need to learn in detail. When preparing to write your research paper, you have to refer to your style manual so many times to make sure that you are following its standards.
In this workshop, we are going to concentrate upon APA.
Taking Notes for ResearcHSample Bibliography Card.docxbradburgess22840
Taking Notes for ResearcH
Sample Bibliography Card
3
Peters, Brian M. “Emo Gay Boys and Subculture: Postpunk Queer Youth and (Re)thinking Images of Masculinity.” Journal of LGBT Youth 7.2, vol. 7, no. 2, 2010, pp. 129-146.
For information on MLA citation format, refer to the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) website at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01.
Take Careful Notes
Have an organized method for taking notes. Note cards or note pages are two effective methods.
If using notecards, write down only 1 piece of information on each notecard. Include the subtopic where that information will belong in your paper.
If you know you will not quote the information in your paper, write it down in your own words in your notes.
If you might quote the information, write down the quote placing quotation marks around the exact words used in the text.
Make sure you note the source number (according to your working bibliography) and page number (unless using an online or database source) in your notes.
Organize Your Notes
Rearrange your notes so that you connect your own ideas with those that you found through your research.
NOTE: This is easiest to do if you use note cards or “note pages.”
Sample Notecard
3
Fashion
Dress adrogynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
p. 139
Sample Note Pages
Fashion
“The mods of the millennium: black hair; sweeping, dramatic bangs; heavy eyeliner [“guyliner”], and tailored clothing” (Peters 129).
Dress androgynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
(Peters 139)
“The art of crafting oneself to be shunned means that the flip side is acceptance within the desired subcultural space” (Peters 139)
Vintage or band shirts, “form-fitting” outfits, skinny jeans, shoes, sneakers or combat boots (Smith)
Music
Evolved out of punk rock, a ”form of refusal” (Hebdige 2)
“We’re not twenty-one / But the sooner we are / The sooner the fun will begin” (Dashboard Confessional)
The hardcore genre emerged out of “a bad economy, inflation, change of administration. [The election in 1980 of Ronald] Reagan was the kind of antithesis or the reaction, a whole new, like a paradigm shift. There was a lot of concern of, you know, what might that mean in terms of all kinds of issues: freedom of speech, repression, and civil liberties, and that was sort of that era.” (American Hardcore)
Avoid Plagiarism
Take careful notes (on note cards, on a computer as “note pages,” or in a notebook)
Make sure you accurately present a writer’s words or ideas.
When taking notes, put the author’s exact words in quotes (so you will know they are a direct quotation). If you are paraphrasing the author’s words, write them in your own words in your notes (so you don’t accidentally use the author’s words without quoting them).
Make sure you writ.
Taking Notes for ResearcHSample Bibliography Card.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Taking Notes for ResearcH
Sample Bibliography Card
3
Peters, Brian M. “Emo Gay Boys and Subculture: Postpunk Queer Youth and (Re)thinking Images of Masculinity.” Journal of LGBT Youth 7.2, vol. 7, no. 2, 2010, pp. 129-146.
For information on MLA citation format, refer to the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) website at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01.
Take Careful Notes
Have an organized method for taking notes. Note cards or note pages are two effective methods.
If using notecards, write down only 1 piece of information on each notecard. Include the subtopic where that information will belong in your paper.
If you know you will not quote the information in your paper, write it down in your own words in your notes.
If you might quote the information, write down the quote placing quotation marks around the exact words used in the text.
Make sure you note the source number (according to your working bibliography) and page number (unless using an online or database source) in your notes.
Organize Your Notes
Rearrange your notes so that you connect your own ideas with those that you found through your research.
NOTE: This is easiest to do if you use note cards or “note pages.”
Sample Notecard
3
Fashion
Dress adrogynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
p. 139
Sample Note Pages
Fashion
“The mods of the millennium: black hair; sweeping, dramatic bangs; heavy eyeliner [“guyliner”], and tailored clothing” (Peters 129).
Dress androgynously because they are individuals “who find [themselves] either negated or rejected” by the mainstream
(Peters 139)
“The art of crafting oneself to be shunned means that the flip side is acceptance within the desired subcultural space” (Peters 139)
Vintage or band shirts, “form-fitting” outfits, skinny jeans, shoes, sneakers or combat boots (Smith)
Music
Evolved out of punk rock, a ”form of refusal” (Hebdige 2)
“We’re not twenty-one / But the sooner we are / The sooner the fun will begin” (Dashboard Confessional)
The hardcore genre emerged out of “a bad economy, inflation, change of administration. [The election in 1980 of Ronald] Reagan was the kind of antithesis or the reaction, a whole new, like a paradigm shift. There was a lot of concern of, you know, what might that mean in terms of all kinds of issues: freedom of speech, repression, and civil liberties, and that was sort of that era.” (American Hardcore)
Avoid Plagiarism
Take careful notes (on note cards, on a computer as “note pages,” or in a notebook)
Make sure you accurately present a writer’s words or ideas.
When taking notes, put the author’s exact words in quotes (so you will know they are a direct quotation). If you are paraphrasing the author’s words, write them in your own words in your notes (so you don’t accidentally use the author’s words without quoting them).
Make sure you writ.
This document provides guidance on formatting citations and references according to the American Psychological Association (APA) style. It addresses topics such as in-text citations, reference lists, font, margins, running headers, and challenges with citing different source types such as edited books, online articles, interviews, websites, and blogs. The document is intended to help students and researchers properly cite sources and format papers according to APA style.
1 ASA Format The American Sociological Associatio.docxjoyjonna282
1
ASA Format
The American Sociological Association Style is intended for use by authors preparing
manuscripts for publication in ASA journals. This handout is intended for students who are
instructed to use ASA style when writing research papers. Consult the American Sociological
Association Style Guide for more detailed information (Ref Desk HM 569.A54 2007).
Manuscript Format
• All text (including footnotes & references) must be doubled spaced and in a
12 point type.
• Margins must be at least 1¼ inches on all four sides.
• A separate title page including title of paper, name(s) & institution(s) of authors,
word count for the manuscript (including footnotes and references), title footnote
(includes names, addresses of authors, acknowledgements, credits, and grants).
• If required, on a separate page provide a short (150-200 word) abstract headed
with the title.
• Begin the text of the paper on a separate page headed with the title of the paper.
Citations in Text
• If author’s name is in the text, follow it with the publication year in parentheses:
When Chu (1977) studied…
• If the author’s name is not in the text, enclose the last name and year in parentheses:
When the study was completed… (Jones 1994).
• If the page number is to be included, it follows the year of publication after a colon, with
no space between the colon and the page number:
…as reported by Chavez (1966:16).
• For three authors, give all last names in the first citation in the text. Afterwards use the
first name and “et al.” For more than three names, use the first author’s last name plus
“et al.” Examples as follow:
Three authors, first in-text citation = (Smith, Garcia and Lee 1954)
Three authors, later in-text citations = (Smith et al. 1954)
More than three authors = (Snow et al. 1999)
• Quotations in the text must begin and end with quotation marks. The citation follows the
end-quote mark and precedes the period, as follows:
“In the late 1990s, reported data shows that technologically oriented jobs paid better”
(Hildenbrand 1999:47).
2
Footnotes & Endnotes
• Try to avoid footnotes, but if necessary, use footnotes to cite material of limited
availability or to add information presented in a table.
• Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the essay with superscript
Arabic numerals and included at the bottom of the manuscript page or in a separate
section headed "Endnotes."
Reference List
• References follow the text and endnotes in a separate section headed "References."
• All references cited in the text must be listed and vice-versa.
• Remember: Like all other parts of the manuscript, references should be
double-spaced.
• List references in alphabetical order by author’s last names.
• Use hanging indention (see examples below).
• Invert the author’s name (type it last name first). If there are two or more authors,
invert only the fir ...
APA Style Citation Guide This handout is based on the 6th .docxfestockton
APA Style Citation Guide
This handout is based on the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA), but is not a comprehensive guide. For all rules and requirements of APA citations,
please consult the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
APA requires that information be cited in 2 different ways—within the text and in a reference list at the
end of the paper. The reference list should be on a new page, double spaced, and use the hanging
indent method (all lines after the first one are indented). See also:
‐ Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association, 2010.
‐ Concise Rules of APA Style, 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2010.
CITATIONS IN THE TEXT:
APA uses the author‐date method of citation. The last name of the author and the date of publication
are inserted in the text in the appropriate place.
When referencing or summarizing a source, provide the author and year. When quoting or summarizing
a particular passage, include the specific page or paragraph number, as well.
When quoting in your paper, if a direct quote is less than 40 words, incorporate it into your text and use
quotation marks. If a direct quote is more than 40 words, make the quotation a free‐standing indented
block of text and DO NOT use quotation marks.
One work by one author:
• In one developmental study (Smith, 1990), children learned...
OR
• In the study by Smith (1990), primary school children...
OR
• In 1990, Smith’s study of primary school children…
Works by multiple authors:
When a work has 2 authors cite both names every time you reference the work in the text. When a work
has three to five authors cite all the author names the first time the reference occurs and then
subsequently include only the first author followed by et al. For 6 or more authors, cite only the name of
the first author followed by et al. and the year. For example:
• First citation: Masserton, Slonowski, and Slowinski (1989) state that...
• Subsequent citations: Masserton et al. (1989) state that...
Works by no identified author:
When a resource has no named author, cite the first few words of the reference entry (usually the title).
Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, chapter, or Web page. Italicize the title of a
periodical, book, brochure, or report. For example:
• The site seemed to indicate support for homeopathic drugs (“Medical Miracles,” 2009).
• The brochure argues for homeschooling (Education Reform, 2007).
• Treat reference to legal materials such as court cases, statutes, and legislation like works
with no author.
Two or more works in the same parenthetical citation:
Citations of two or more works in the same parentheses should be listed in the order they appear in the
reference list ( ...
This document provides information about plagiarism, citation styles, and how to avoid plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as academic theft and discusses how it can be committed unintentionally. Famous examples of accidental and intentional plagiarism are given, such as incidents involving Helen Keller, George Harrison, Joe Biden, and Stephen Ambrose. The document explains when citations are needed in-text and provides examples of in-text citations in both MLA and APA styles. It also discusses reference pages in MLA and APA formats and provides examples of basic reference page entries for books, journal articles, and internet sources. Common questions about citations are addressed.
This document provides instruction on using MLA citation style. It begins by defining plagiarism and explaining the importance of citation styles in avoiding plagiarism. It then details the key components of MLA style, including in-text citations and bibliographic entries. Examples are provided for different source types such as books, articles, and websites. The document emphasizes correctly citing sources within the text and providing a Works Cited list to give credit to authors and avoid plagiarism. Practice examples are included to reinforce the proper formatting of in-text citations and bibliographic entries using MLA style.
This document provides an overview of APA citation style, including:
- How to cite references in both the text of the paper and in a reference list at the end
- Formatting guidelines for reference list citations of various source types like books, journal articles, websites, and more
- Providing specific examples of how to format in-text citations and reference list citations for different source formats
APA powerpoint presentation - 2009 updates
Slideshow was prepared by Stephanie Finley and used with permission by Gisele McDaniel
Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK
Jan 2010
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Turabian Cheat Sheet 2.0
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There is certainly a great deal of confusion regarding the appropriate formatting of footnotes and bibliographies. Chicago, Turabian, APA, MLA - which style guide ought you to use? APUS requires what they call Chicago/Turabian style guides. The two style guides are similar but not the same. I have opted to use the Turabian style guide in all my classes at APUS and to assist you with this, I have created what I call the Turabian Cheat Sheet 2.0 - it is called 2.0 since it is actually my second attempt at such an undertaking!
The information provided here is taken from the 7th Edition of Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), and while I make no claim to being comprehensive (you can buy Turabian at any bookstore), what I have included here seem to me to be the most common sort of formatting issues you will encounter in your writing.
One of the few things I learned in my Historical Methods class in graduate school (I say "few" because that course actually taught me very little) is that when it comes to footnotes and bibliographies - be consistent. The object of a footnote is to direct your reader to the exact location of a passage, idea, or piece of data you have obtained from another source in the most direct manner possible. Turabian suggests that writers cite sources for four reasons: (1) to give credit, (2) to assure readers about the accuracy of your facts, (3) to show readers the research tradition that informs your work - we could almost call this historiography, and (4) to help readers follow or extend your research (133-34). Which brings up the question, when do we use citations? Again, here's what Turabian has to say: when you quote exact words from a source, when you paraphrase ideas associated with a specific source, or when you use any idea, data, or method attributable to any source you may have consulted (134).
The examples used here are what Turabian calls "notes-bibliography style" or simply "bibliography style," which is the most common form in the humanities. You must keep a sharp eye to the elements of each notation/entry as well as spacing, and punctuation. Sample footnotes and bibliography appear at the end.
N = footnote B = bibliography
Book: Single Author
N
1 Morris Dickstein, Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009), 38.
B
Dickstein, Morris. Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009.
Book: Single Editor
N
1 Michael J. Hogan, ed., Paths to Power: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations to 1941 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 96-101.
B
Hogan, Michael J., ed. Paths to Power: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations to 1941. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Book: Two Aut ...
This document provides an overview of the key differences between formatting a paper according to the Chicago Manual of Style versus MLA style. While some elements are similar, like font, margins, and double spacing, CMS uses footnotes for citations rather than in-text citations, numbers pages starting from the main text rather than the title page, and includes a bibliography rather than a works cited page. The document explains the components and structure of a CMS paper as well as how to format footnotes, citations, and bibliographies.
This document summarizes a presentation about plagiarism and APA style. The presentation covered defining plagiarism and the importance of properly citing sources. It reviewed the key components of in-text citations, including providing the authors' names and years of publication for direct quotes and paraphrases. The presentation also reviewed how to format reference list entries for different source types like books, websites, and journal articles according to APA style. Attendees were given a practice worksheet to complete citations.
This document outlines information presented in a session about plagiarism and APA style. It discusses what plagiarism is and how to properly cite sources using APA style, both in-text citations and references. Examples are provided for how to cite different source types like websites, books, and journal articles in APA format. Attendees are directed to complete a plagiarism worksheet and feedback form for the library session. Contact information is provided for the presenter for any additional questions.
This document provides a detailed guide to formatting and citation styles according to the 8th edition of the MLA Handbook. It explains the general guidelines for formatting papers, in-text citations, works cited lists, and includes many examples. Key aspects that are covered include setting margins and spacing, creating a header with the author's last name and page number, placing titles in italics or quotation marks depending on the type of work, and providing all necessary elements for citations such as author, title, publisher, date, and location.
This document provides an overview of APA style guidelines for formatting papers, citations, and references. It discusses the key elements of APA style including the title page format, use of headings, in-text citations, reference list, and formatting of books, book chapters, journal articles, and websites. The goals are to learn the basics of APA style and how to properly cite sources to avoid plagiarism. Formatting guidelines are provided for title pages, abstracts, body text, headings, numbers, quotes, references lists, and various source types such as books, e-books, journal articles, and online references.
This document provides guidelines for using ASA (American Sociological Association) style for writing research papers, including formatting manuscripts, citing sources in text, formatting reference lists, and examples of different types of references such as books, journal articles, and websites. Students are expected to follow ASA style guidelines for citations and references when writing papers for sociology courses.
The document summarizes MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including changes introduced in the 2009 update. It provides guidance on document formatting, in-text citations, and formatting the works cited page for various source types such as books, articles, web pages, and other media. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, proper header formatting, parenthetical citations, and listing works cited in alphabetical order by author's last name.
The document discusses APA format, providing an overview of the key elements and guidelines for formatting research papers and references according to the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual. It outlines the major sections of an APA paper including the title page, abstract, body, and references. Guidelines are provided for in-text citations, references for different media like periodicals, books, and online sources. The importance of adhering to APA style for academic papers is emphasized.
This document summarizes a presentation on plagiarism and APA style. The presentation covered definitions of plagiarism, APA citation style including both in-text citations and reference list entries, and examples of citing different source types like books, websites and journal articles. Attendees participated in interactive citation relay games to practice creating APA references. Contact information was provided for the presenter and librarians for any additional questions.
This document provides an introduction to APA referencing style. It explains what referencing is, why it is important to reference, and the basic steps involved, including providing in-text citations and compiling a reference list. Referencing acknowledges the sources of information, facts, figures, ideas and theories used in an assignment. It helps avoid plagiarism and allows readers to follow up on cited sources. The document outlines the key information to include for different source types like books, journal articles, websites and more.
American Sociological Association Format - by Utah Valley University Writing ...Jonathan Underwood
The document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in ASA (American Sociological Association) style, including formatting for title pages, text, headings, citations, references pages, and various source types. Key elements that must be followed are double spacing the paper, using 12-point Times New Roman font, including a running head on every page, and properly citing sources within the text and providing full references at the end of the paper in alphabetical order.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources using MLA citation style, including both in-text citations and works cited entries. It discusses placing parenthetical citations in the body of the text and creating a double-spaced works cited list at the end. Examples are given for various source types, such as books, articles, websites, and legal documents. Proper formatting is outlined, such as using author names, titles, publication information, and medium of source.
Prof. Archibald Spring 2017 You can visit the Writing Tut.docxbriancrawford30935
Prof. Archibald Spring 2017
You can visit the Writing Tutors for help with grammar and editing your paper, but you
must go specifically for the purpose of formulating a Thesis Statement, an answer to the
paper’s prompt. The Thesis Statement is the heart and soul of your paper. Without a
strong, argumentative thesis, your paper falls apart.
Rubric:
Below Average
Student reiterates or summarizes evidence rather than making an argument
Average
Student makes an argument, stacking adequate pieces of evidence to support their
thesis
Proficient
Student makes an argument, illustrating the ways in which their selected evidence
supports their thesis, suggesting historical interpretation
Advanced
Student makes a strong argument based in one of the historical thinking skills
and utilizes multiple pieces of strong evidence to support their thesis
Historical Thinking Skills:
Significance Cause and Consequence
Change and Continuity Periodization
Contextualization Comparison
Primary Source Analysis:
The prompt for all Primary Source Analysis papers is “Why is this source significant?
What makes it important?” While you will contextualize the source, the main purpose of
the paper is to demonstrate its significance by deconstructing, or pulling apart, various
quotes and ideas.
Unit 1:
To what extent did Europeans conquer America and its Indigenous Peoples?
Unit 2:
In what ways did Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples create a New
World?
Unit 3:
How transformative was the Revolutionary Era?
Unit 4:
What was the American experience during the 19th century?
Unit 5:
To what extent are the Civil War and the Constitutional Amendments a triumph of
freedom and democracy?
Final Paper:
What theme best defines the first half of American history?
1
Name
Student ID #
Due Date
Assignment (Unit # Paper/Primary Source # Paper/Final Paper)
Bold Paper Title
(For Primary Sources, Use the Source’s Title; For Unit and Final Papers, Get creative)
Indentation should start here by pressing tab. If you haven’t already noticed, the font is
Times New Roman size 12. Also, I want you to double space your paper, BUT do not add a
space before or after your paragraphs. Lastly, 1 inch margins and page number at the bottom.
As for citation, I’ve sort of changed my mind (sorry if this throws your world into utter
chaos): Only cite when you are using direct quotes. This should really only apply to the primary
sources that you use in your Unit and Final papers (I do not want you to directly quote me or the
textbook for your papers- it’s lazy and you are better than that). You will directly quote the
source in you Primary Source papers, but that is part of the analysis so there is no need to cite it.
When you cite the primary source, use whatever format you know (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).
Quick summary of the citation po.
The document provides guidelines for formatting papers and citations using the American Sociological Association (ASA) style. It outlines the proper format for manuscript structure, in-text citations, footnotes/endnotes, and reference list entries for various sources like books, journal articles, newspapers, websites, and more. References should be double-spaced and listed alphabetically by author's last name. In-text citations include the author's last name and year of publication.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and guidelines for citing sources. It discusses the general structure of APA papers including title pages, abstracts, references pages, and in-text citations. Key aspects such as using active voice, clear/concise language, and the proper formatting of quotations, paraphrases, and references are covered. The document also reviews APA guidelines for headings, tables, figures, and formatting of electronic sources.
You will submit a 1-2 page double spaced paper, plus references, des.docxjustine1simpson78276
This 1-2 page paper is due on 6/30 and requires describing an organism through its cellular morphology, metabolic activities, growth niche, and any virulence factors. The paper and in-class presentation should explain how these attributes allow the organism to persist.
you will submit a 150-200 word reading summary -Reasons for the .docxjustine1simpson78276
you will submit a 150-200 word reading summary
-Reasons for the way things are.
-Confussion about the story of reality
-What is christianity
-4 elements of every world view: where we come from? what is our problem? what is the solution?
Restoration
.
More Related Content
Similar to APAERRORS!PurposeTheseslidesshowthemostcommo.docx
This document provides an overview of APA citation style, including:
- How to cite references in both the text of the paper and in a reference list at the end
- Formatting guidelines for reference list citations of various source types like books, journal articles, websites, and more
- Providing specific examples of how to format in-text citations and reference list citations for different source formats
APA powerpoint presentation - 2009 updates
Slideshow was prepared by Stephanie Finley and used with permission by Gisele McDaniel
Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK
Jan 2010
Turabian Cheat Sheet 2.0Download and save this document to you.docxwillcoxjanay
Turabian Cheat Sheet 2.0
Download and save this document to your hard drive - do it now!
There is certainly a great deal of confusion regarding the appropriate formatting of footnotes and bibliographies. Chicago, Turabian, APA, MLA - which style guide ought you to use? APUS requires what they call Chicago/Turabian style guides. The two style guides are similar but not the same. I have opted to use the Turabian style guide in all my classes at APUS and to assist you with this, I have created what I call the Turabian Cheat Sheet 2.0 - it is called 2.0 since it is actually my second attempt at such an undertaking!
The information provided here is taken from the 7th Edition of Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), and while I make no claim to being comprehensive (you can buy Turabian at any bookstore), what I have included here seem to me to be the most common sort of formatting issues you will encounter in your writing.
One of the few things I learned in my Historical Methods class in graduate school (I say "few" because that course actually taught me very little) is that when it comes to footnotes and bibliographies - be consistent. The object of a footnote is to direct your reader to the exact location of a passage, idea, or piece of data you have obtained from another source in the most direct manner possible. Turabian suggests that writers cite sources for four reasons: (1) to give credit, (2) to assure readers about the accuracy of your facts, (3) to show readers the research tradition that informs your work - we could almost call this historiography, and (4) to help readers follow or extend your research (133-34). Which brings up the question, when do we use citations? Again, here's what Turabian has to say: when you quote exact words from a source, when you paraphrase ideas associated with a specific source, or when you use any idea, data, or method attributable to any source you may have consulted (134).
The examples used here are what Turabian calls "notes-bibliography style" or simply "bibliography style," which is the most common form in the humanities. You must keep a sharp eye to the elements of each notation/entry as well as spacing, and punctuation. Sample footnotes and bibliography appear at the end.
N = footnote B = bibliography
Book: Single Author
N
1 Morris Dickstein, Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009), 38.
B
Dickstein, Morris. Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009.
Book: Single Editor
N
1 Michael J. Hogan, ed., Paths to Power: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations to 1941 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 96-101.
B
Hogan, Michael J., ed. Paths to Power: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations to 1941. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Book: Two Aut ...
This document provides an overview of the key differences between formatting a paper according to the Chicago Manual of Style versus MLA style. While some elements are similar, like font, margins, and double spacing, CMS uses footnotes for citations rather than in-text citations, numbers pages starting from the main text rather than the title page, and includes a bibliography rather than a works cited page. The document explains the components and structure of a CMS paper as well as how to format footnotes, citations, and bibliographies.
This document summarizes a presentation about plagiarism and APA style. The presentation covered defining plagiarism and the importance of properly citing sources. It reviewed the key components of in-text citations, including providing the authors' names and years of publication for direct quotes and paraphrases. The presentation also reviewed how to format reference list entries for different source types like books, websites, and journal articles according to APA style. Attendees were given a practice worksheet to complete citations.
This document outlines information presented in a session about plagiarism and APA style. It discusses what plagiarism is and how to properly cite sources using APA style, both in-text citations and references. Examples are provided for how to cite different source types like websites, books, and journal articles in APA format. Attendees are directed to complete a plagiarism worksheet and feedback form for the library session. Contact information is provided for the presenter for any additional questions.
This document provides a detailed guide to formatting and citation styles according to the 8th edition of the MLA Handbook. It explains the general guidelines for formatting papers, in-text citations, works cited lists, and includes many examples. Key aspects that are covered include setting margins and spacing, creating a header with the author's last name and page number, placing titles in italics or quotation marks depending on the type of work, and providing all necessary elements for citations such as author, title, publisher, date, and location.
This document provides an overview of APA style guidelines for formatting papers, citations, and references. It discusses the key elements of APA style including the title page format, use of headings, in-text citations, reference list, and formatting of books, book chapters, journal articles, and websites. The goals are to learn the basics of APA style and how to properly cite sources to avoid plagiarism. Formatting guidelines are provided for title pages, abstracts, body text, headings, numbers, quotes, references lists, and various source types such as books, e-books, journal articles, and online references.
This document provides guidelines for using ASA (American Sociological Association) style for writing research papers, including formatting manuscripts, citing sources in text, formatting reference lists, and examples of different types of references such as books, journal articles, and websites. Students are expected to follow ASA style guidelines for citations and references when writing papers for sociology courses.
The document summarizes MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including changes introduced in the 2009 update. It provides guidance on document formatting, in-text citations, and formatting the works cited page for various source types such as books, articles, web pages, and other media. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, proper header formatting, parenthetical citations, and listing works cited in alphabetical order by author's last name.
The document discusses APA format, providing an overview of the key elements and guidelines for formatting research papers and references according to the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual. It outlines the major sections of an APA paper including the title page, abstract, body, and references. Guidelines are provided for in-text citations, references for different media like periodicals, books, and online sources. The importance of adhering to APA style for academic papers is emphasized.
This document summarizes a presentation on plagiarism and APA style. The presentation covered definitions of plagiarism, APA citation style including both in-text citations and reference list entries, and examples of citing different source types like books, websites and journal articles. Attendees participated in interactive citation relay games to practice creating APA references. Contact information was provided for the presenter and librarians for any additional questions.
This document provides an introduction to APA referencing style. It explains what referencing is, why it is important to reference, and the basic steps involved, including providing in-text citations and compiling a reference list. Referencing acknowledges the sources of information, facts, figures, ideas and theories used in an assignment. It helps avoid plagiarism and allows readers to follow up on cited sources. The document outlines the key information to include for different source types like books, journal articles, websites and more.
American Sociological Association Format - by Utah Valley University Writing ...Jonathan Underwood
The document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in ASA (American Sociological Association) style, including formatting for title pages, text, headings, citations, references pages, and various source types. Key elements that must be followed are double spacing the paper, using 12-point Times New Roman font, including a running head on every page, and properly citing sources within the text and providing full references at the end of the paper in alphabetical order.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources using MLA citation style, including both in-text citations and works cited entries. It discusses placing parenthetical citations in the body of the text and creating a double-spaced works cited list at the end. Examples are given for various source types, such as books, articles, websites, and legal documents. Proper formatting is outlined, such as using author names, titles, publication information, and medium of source.
Prof. Archibald Spring 2017 You can visit the Writing Tut.docxbriancrawford30935
Prof. Archibald Spring 2017
You can visit the Writing Tutors for help with grammar and editing your paper, but you
must go specifically for the purpose of formulating a Thesis Statement, an answer to the
paper’s prompt. The Thesis Statement is the heart and soul of your paper. Without a
strong, argumentative thesis, your paper falls apart.
Rubric:
Below Average
Student reiterates or summarizes evidence rather than making an argument
Average
Student makes an argument, stacking adequate pieces of evidence to support their
thesis
Proficient
Student makes an argument, illustrating the ways in which their selected evidence
supports their thesis, suggesting historical interpretation
Advanced
Student makes a strong argument based in one of the historical thinking skills
and utilizes multiple pieces of strong evidence to support their thesis
Historical Thinking Skills:
Significance Cause and Consequence
Change and Continuity Periodization
Contextualization Comparison
Primary Source Analysis:
The prompt for all Primary Source Analysis papers is “Why is this source significant?
What makes it important?” While you will contextualize the source, the main purpose of
the paper is to demonstrate its significance by deconstructing, or pulling apart, various
quotes and ideas.
Unit 1:
To what extent did Europeans conquer America and its Indigenous Peoples?
Unit 2:
In what ways did Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples create a New
World?
Unit 3:
How transformative was the Revolutionary Era?
Unit 4:
What was the American experience during the 19th century?
Unit 5:
To what extent are the Civil War and the Constitutional Amendments a triumph of
freedom and democracy?
Final Paper:
What theme best defines the first half of American history?
1
Name
Student ID #
Due Date
Assignment (Unit # Paper/Primary Source # Paper/Final Paper)
Bold Paper Title
(For Primary Sources, Use the Source’s Title; For Unit and Final Papers, Get creative)
Indentation should start here by pressing tab. If you haven’t already noticed, the font is
Times New Roman size 12. Also, I want you to double space your paper, BUT do not add a
space before or after your paragraphs. Lastly, 1 inch margins and page number at the bottom.
As for citation, I’ve sort of changed my mind (sorry if this throws your world into utter
chaos): Only cite when you are using direct quotes. This should really only apply to the primary
sources that you use in your Unit and Final papers (I do not want you to directly quote me or the
textbook for your papers- it’s lazy and you are better than that). You will directly quote the
source in you Primary Source papers, but that is part of the analysis so there is no need to cite it.
When you cite the primary source, use whatever format you know (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).
Quick summary of the citation po.
The document provides guidelines for formatting papers and citations using the American Sociological Association (ASA) style. It outlines the proper format for manuscript structure, in-text citations, footnotes/endnotes, and reference list entries for various sources like books, journal articles, newspapers, websites, and more. References should be double-spaced and listed alphabetically by author's last name. In-text citations include the author's last name and year of publication.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and guidelines for citing sources. It discusses the general structure of APA papers including title pages, abstracts, references pages, and in-text citations. Key aspects such as using active voice, clear/concise language, and the proper formatting of quotations, paraphrases, and references are covered. The document also reviews APA guidelines for headings, tables, figures, and formatting of electronic sources.
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You will submit a 1500 word
fully-referenced
critical essay which will DISCUSS ONE of the following:
a) Journalism is an expression of the culture in which it resides.
b) The decline of the foreign correspondent.
c) Does the West continue to dominate global news flow?
d) Asian values in journalism and its impact across the Asia-Pacific region.
e) The challenges for African journalism in the 21st century.
f) Compare and contrast development journalism in Asia and Africa.
g) The Pacific journalist – tradition versus freedom of expression.
h) The challenges for investigative journalism in Eastern Europe.
i) The clash of civilisation and its influence on US journalism.
j) The framing of Africa by western journalists.
k) Freedom of expression vs democracy in Latin America.
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OR a statement you design based on your studies which has received prior approval from your tutor at least TWO weeks before due date
.
Your assignment will be assessed according to the criteria sheet at the end of the Subject Outline. You are encouraged to self-assess your work by submitting a copy of this assessment criteria sheet with your assignment.
Length: 1500 words
Due: Friday of Week 14
.
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you will submit a 150-200 word reading summary
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The blind men and the Elephant
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Three problems: contraction claims, story teller, a talking elephant.
Christians have a problem with the evil.
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God, Jesus, Men, Resurrection
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You will select an enterprise-level risks that impact an organization of your choice … please address the following items:
• Here’s the approach you can take for this paper:
Title page (ensure team members and IDs are listed)
Introduction – provide a background of the selected organization.
Risk #1
Description
Impact on organization
Recommendation on how to manage it
Risk #2
Description
Impact on organization
Recommendation on how to manage it
Risk #3
Description
Impact on organization
Recommendation on how to manage it
Conclusion
References (minimum of 8 reputable sources)
Appendix (if any)
The paper will range from 15-pages includes title page, content, and references.
Please write in APA Style.
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www.allslides.com
will assist you in determining the political views of various media outlets. The components of your project are listed below:
1. A representative sample of how the topic is being discussed in the Conservative (right wing) media:
a. 1 short video clip from a major conservative cable news outlet (e.g. Fox News)
b. 1 example from a major conservative web site (e.g. The Heritage Fondation)
c. 1 example from a major liberal magazine or newspaper (e.g. The National Review / The New York Post)
2. A representative sample of how the topic is being discussed in the Liberal / Progressive (left wing) media:
a. 1 short video clip from a major liberal cable news outlet (e.g. MSNBC)
b. 1 example from a major liberal web site (e.g. thinkprogress.org)
c. 1 example from a major liberal magazine or newspaper (e.g. Mother Jones / The New York Times)
3. A representative sample of how the topic is being discussed in the Center / Non-partisan / Mainstream media:
a. 1 short video clip from a major mainstream news outlet (e.g. ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN)
b. 1 example from a major mainstream web site (e.g. politico.com)
c. 1 example from a major mainstream magazine or newspaper (e.g. Time / USA Today)
4. A representative sample of how the topic is being discussed in the social media:
a. 1 example of a back and forth discussion from a social media outlet (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
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you will research resources available on the Internet for monitoring natural phenomena including earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, global climate, and weather.
Based on your research, do the following:
Identify a minimum of three different natural phenomena that are typically responsible for natural disasters. Analyze the potential impact of these disasters.
Analyze how these phenomenon are monitored, or not, via the Internet. Critique available Web sites, which publicly display up-to-date monitored information related to each of the natural phenomena you have identified. Focus on the following aspects:
Geography
What parts of the world are potentially affected by these phenomena? Specifically identify the countries.
Resources
What kinds of resources are allocated toward monitoring these phenomena and why?
What types of Web resources monitor the phenomena and provide up-to-date information about them?
What kinds of technology are involved in monitoring the phenomena?
Politics
What political ramifications would this disaster-preparedness technology cause between more-developed countries and less-developed countries?
What kinds of issues could this technology cause between less-developed countries?
Economics
How would this technology directly impact the economies of those countries that have the technology versus those countries that do not?
Do you predict any indirect impacts? What current evidence supports your position?
Disaster Preparedness
What types of systems are in place in terms of disaster preparedness related to these monitored phenomena?
Summarize your findings. Evaluate how this technology will impact the future of humanity, both positively and negatively. Be sure to consider the political and economic issues discussed in your future predictions.
Support your statements with examples. Use a minimum of six reliable references, two of which should be peer-reviewed articles.
Write a 7–8-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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Introduction/Background: Provide context for the research article. What led the author(s) to write the piece? What key concepts were explored? Were there weaknesses in prior research that led the author to the current hypothesis or research question?
Methodology: Describe how the data was gathered and analyzed. What research questions or hypotheses were the researcher trying to explore? What statistical analysis was used?
Study Findings and Results: What were the major findings from the study? Were there any limitations?
Conclusions: Evaluate the article in terms of significance, research methods, readability and the implications of the results. Does the piece lead into further study? Are there different methods you would have chosen based on what you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the article in terms of statistical analysis and application? (This is where a large part of the rubric is covered.)
References
.
You will review quantitative research. The topic is up to you as lo.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will review quantitative research. The topic is up to you as long as you choose a peer-reviewed, academic research piece. There are no hard word counts or page requirements as long as you cover the basic guidelines. You must submit original work, however, and a paper that returns as a large percentage of copy/paste to other sources will not be accepted. (Safe Assign will be used to track/monitor your submission for plagiarism.)
Please use APA formatting and include the following information:
Introduction/Background: Provide context for the research article. What led the author(s) to write the piece? What key concepts were explored? Were there weaknesses in prior research that led the author to the current hypothesis or research question?
Methodology: Describe how the data was gathered and analyzed. What research questions or hypotheses were the researcher trying to explore? What statistical analysis was used?
Study Findings and Results: What were the major findings from the study? Were there any limitations?
Conclusions: Evaluate the article in terms of significance, research methods, readability and the implications of the results. Does the piece lead into further study? Are there different methods you would have chosen based on what you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the article in terms of statistical analysis and application? (This is where a large part of the rubric is covered.)
References
.
You will research one womens movement that we have not discussed in.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will research one women's movement that we have not discussed in class. Include prominent leaders, prominent issues, challenge to the movement, outcomes of the movement and background information such as how the movement originated. This part must be
at least 1 page
in length and have
3 sources
cited related to your chosen movement. Make sure that they are "academic sources." That means, no wikipedia or other unverified sources. I will deduct MAJOR points for missing citations as it constitutes plagiarism! Include your citations after each essay.
.
You will research a Native American or African communitys culture, .docxjustine1simpson78276
The document provides instructions for a research project on the cultural and religious traditions of a Native American or African community. Students are asked to:
1) Research the oral traditions, religious texts, history, and current beliefs of a Native American or African community. They should interview an expert from that community if possible.
2) Create a 15-20 slide presentation addressing: the community's historical religious beliefs and practices; how those beliefs have been influenced by surrounding cultures; current religious beliefs and their role in daily life; and elements of the tradition a Christian would need to consider when sharing their faith.
3) The presentation should also evaluate the impact of American/European policies on the community's beliefs over time and how future
You will receive 15 points extra credit (added to the homework p.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will receive 15 points extra credit (added to the homework portion of your grade) for locating and submitting a summary of a legal news article that was (1) published within the preceding year and (2) that
is relevant to one of the topics that we have previously covered in the course
(e.g., Torts, Contracts, Constitutional Law, Franchising, etc.). You may find appropriate legal news articles at findlaw.com, on the websites of many news organizations (i.e., the Associated Press, Reuters, the Los Angeles Times, NBC News, etc.), or from any other
reputable
online or print sources.
Your summary must:
Discuss facts of the legal news story
Explain how the news story relates to a topic previously discussed in class, and
Either attach a copy of the new story or provide a functioning link to the article online that will allow me to easily find it.
.
You will provide a short analysis of the interaction of group member.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will provide a short analysis of the interaction of group members that you observe in action. For example, You could go to a county courthouse to watch a celebrity's trial, or you could watch Court TV and follow the proceedings there. After you have completed your observation, write a short critique of what you have observed.
Briefly describe what group meeting you observed as well as where and when the meeting took place. [For example, "I observed the Killeen City Council meeting on October 1, 2015 at Killeen City Hall.]
What organizational plan was employed? [For example, Parliamentary Procedure was employed with the reading of the minutes, old business, new business, etc.]
How were the decisions made? [For example, majority rule, consensus, leader-dictated, etc.]
How was information about topics gathered? [For example, research was provided by group members, research was provided by staff or outsiders, or testimony was provided, etc]
Was there a formal designated leader? Did certain members seem to play particular roles and assume specific responsibilities? [For example, the Mayor was the leader of the City Council.]
Were there conflicts or disagreements between group members and/or outsiders and how were they resolved? [For example, some council members wanted to annex property into the city limits, while some other council members as well as the citizens testifying, were opposed. The council decided to discuss the issue in executive session.]
Did the group tend to digress (get off the topic)? Did someone get them back to the subject, and if so, who did so?
Did the group seem thorough and complete in its treatment of the subjects that it addressed?
Were the group members clear in expressing themselves by phrasing their ideas carefully and by presenting their ideas in a vivid manner?
Would you personally feel comfortable addressing this group? Why or why not? Explain.
.
You will produce and submit a Powerpoint of screenshots related to .docxjustine1simpson78276
You will create a PowerPoint presentation with screenshots from using a digital forensics tool to capture data. The presentation must include at least 2 screenshots of installing and setting up the tool, 4 screenshots of capturing data with the tool, and 3 screenshots of reports generated from the captured data.
You will produce a clear and coherent writing that is well organized.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will produce a clear and coherent writing that is well organized and edited. After reading and watching S.E. Hinton's "The Outsiders" and "Fences" by August Wilson.
In 350 words or more analyze the impact of the social norms of the 1950’s on the development of theme and character in both Fences and The Outsiders. Use at least two pieces of evidence to support your thinking. Make sure to cite correctly using MLA format. 16 points
Use this sentence format below (fill in the blank, but be clear on what you type):
The 1950’s were a turbulent time in American history. The nation was rapidly changing as were American values.[Three events that happened in the 1950’s that shaped American values]. Although this time is often thought of as a period of prosperity not every American benefited during that decade. In fact two texts written much later would utilize those tensions in a subtle way, to explore the ideas of ___Topic #1____ and ____Topic #2__.
Both The Outsiders and Fences deal with the topics of ____ and ____ by showing the development of their characters and build their themes through their actions and interactions.
Although both stories take place in different parts of America and deal with different ethnic groups they resoundingly share the same theme that in order for a family to stay together they must be willing to change and sacrifice
. A moment in __Title of text_____ that demonstrates this is when [Context for your evidence]“[Textual evidence” this [Analysis of text] (Citation). Similarly in ___Title & author____ there is a moment that _[synonym for displays]___ this theme when [Context for textual evidence].“[Textual evidence to support your claim” ]which shows [Analysis of textual evidence] (Citation). In addition this reinforces the social norm of the time that [Social norm shown in textual evidence].
On the other hand there are subtle differences between the texts when it comes to the topic of ___Topic #3___. In _Tiltle of text__ __Topic #3___ [claim about topic #3]. It is made clear to the reader that[claim about the differences between the text].[Contextualize the differences with an example]. [Reasoning for the different view on the topic]. The fierce 50’s are more than a half a century behind us but the themes and culture that emerged during that time can still be seen today.
.
You will present ADP and Paychex as the recommendations to the VP .docxjustine1simpson78276
You will present ADP and Paychex as the recommendations to the VP of the company. The assignment is to explain the following
1.How will they provide Payroll processing with a HR Integration Interface
2.How will they provide an appropriate report generation feature with both custom reporting and standard reporting features
.
You will prepare and present a personality analysis of your choo.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will prepare and present a personality analysis of your choosing. In 10-12 slides, address the following questions.
Choose a person to analyze. This can be a historical figure, a famous person (politician, celebrity, musician), or a fictional character from a book or other media. Just be sure you have enough information on this person’s personality and background to fully analyze them.
Describe this person’s personality in detail using language and concepts from the humanistic perspective.
Analyze this person from both Abraham Maslow’s humanistic perspective and Carl Rogers’s humanistic perspective. In other words, explain how this person’s personality would be described by each of those theorists. Explain how their personality developed the way it did, from Maslow's and Rogers’s perspectives.
If the person you described experiences psychological issues or psychopathology, explain how humanistic theory can be used to restore a state of health and psychological well-being to the person. In other words, if they suffer from anxiety, depression or other disorders, how would humanistic theorists like Maslow and Rogers help them overcome those disorders?
Include speaker notes below each content-related slide that represent what would be said if giving the presentation in person. Expand upon the information included in the slide and do not simply restate it. Please ensure the speaker notes include 50-75 words per slide.
.
you will prepare a PowerPoint presentation on the consumer infor.docxjustine1simpson78276
you will prepare a PowerPoint presentation on the consumer informatics pillar of health informatics including the e-patient movement (i.e., the widespread use of the Internet or other technologies that allows patients to have more participation in their medical care) and the Personal Health Record (PHR). Creating this week’s presentation will give you the opportunity to explore how participatory health care informatics is shaping patient-centered models of care.
Create your PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes that critically address each of the following elements. (Remember that your presentation slides should have short, bullet-pointed text with your speaker notes including the bulk of the information provided in the following list.)
Interpret the definition of consumer health informatics from national sources such as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), etc.
Compare and contrast the roles of patient, consumer, caregiver, and professional in consumer informatics.
Analyze health literacy’s role in the success of consumer informatics.
Analyze the role of the e-patient movement and the PHR in effecting health care change.
Examine how participatory health care informatics is shaping patient-centered models of care.
Compare and contrast two examples of consumer informatics applications of your choosing. (Examples could be those found on the Internet or those you’ve encountered in your personal life.)
You may wish to include visual enhancements in your presentation. These may include appropriate images, a consistent font, appropriate animations, and transitions from content piece to content piece and slide to slide.
Must be five to seven slides with speaker notes (not including the title and references slides) and formatted according to APA style
Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
Must include a separate references slide that is formatted according to APA style
Due Saturday 11/7/2020
.
You will post a 250-word reply to 2 classmate’s threads. The reply r.docxjustine1simpson78276
You will post a 250-word reply to 2 classmate’s threads. The reply requires a minimum of 1 properly formatted citation. Each reply must be completed by you, the individual student. Additionally, each thread and reply must reflect a solid Christian worldview through the use of at least 1 Holy Bible reference.
EUGENE
In reviewing this week’s reading material, Kouzes and Posner’s (2017) argument for the importance of enabling others to act, fostering collaboration, and strengthening others reminded me of Deci and Ryan’s (1985) self-determination theory. I have routinely come back to this theory throughout my coursework as the principles within it seem to fit many different molds, specifically leadership and motivation. The topic of motivation and police officers has become an area of interest due in part to research showing the unique nature of being a police officer, to include internal and external stressors that are seldom experienced by any other profession (Accquadro Maran, Zedda, Varetto & Ieraci, 2015). Deci and Ryan’s (1985) self-determination theory simply says that in order for humans to feel motivated to perform they must have a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. I find that Kouzes and Posner’s (2017) concept of enabling others to act and fostering collaborations meld perfectly with providing people with a sense of autonomy. Leaders, especially front-line supervisors within law enforcement organizations, have a dramatic impact on the autonomy of officers. I have seen first-hand how front-line leadership can restrict the decision-making process so much that they drain the officer’s motivation which leads to them not wanting to act and foster any sort of collaboration with the organization. Having the confidence as a leader to step back and allow others to make decisions is a worthy investment. While not every situation will allow for this, leaders must learn to create environments in which their people can be successful and allow them to make decisions. This level of confidence is not learned overnight, and I have struggled with this myself. However, once I observed the benefits of allowing officers to make their own decisions, obviously within the guidelines of our policies, they feel more connected and confident in their ability to solve problems. If we look at Deci and Ryan’s (1985) argument for competence, this aligns with Kouzes and Posner’s (2017) argument for strengthening others. Competence, or having the ability to complete the task at hand, comes down to proper training which strengthens others and allows them to complete their job more effectively and with confidence. Failure to strengthen others can, and will, result in stagnation due to a lack of motivation to perform. Leadership is a challenging process that takes time to learn and understand. This process can certainly be daunting, however just as Proverbs 3:5 (English Standard Version, 2020) reads, “Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean .
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
1. APA ERRORS!
Purpose
These slides showthe most common APA
style errors students make in their papers. We
ask that you alert your students to the
patterns of their errors. You need not correct
every instance—just enough to showthem
the kinds of APA errors they are making.
Topics
• Documentation
• Formatting and Variations
• Numbers, Spelling, and Punctuation
• Quirks and Oddsand Ends
In-Text Citations: Bottom Line
– Writers must supply page numbers for
direct quotes from print sources or ¶
number for electronic ones.
– You must use quotation marks if
quoting a source directly (unless block quote).
2. – Per APA 3.39,you are not required to
provide page numbers for paraphrases,
but “authors are encouraged to do so.
How to Cite Sources
• Follow the conventions of the style
manual.
–In-text citations on pp. 117-122 &
207-214
–Reference lists chapter 5 (5th ed.)
–www.apastyle.org
–See the APA StyleAsylum in the writing
center for more examples.
APA style uses author-date citations only.
The authors (or in their absence, the title of the work) appear
first, followed by the year
of publication, and often a page number at the end of a
sentence.
After first reference in a paragraph, you need not cite the year
in the same paragraph. You
must cite the year on first reference in subsequent paragraphs.
When citing multiple authors in parentheses, use
an ampersand.
3. Nuance was determined to be irrelevant (Gerstein,
Morrison, & Glazer, 2000, p. 211).
When not in parentheses, use the word and.
Gerstein, Morrison, and Glazer (2000) found
that “nuance is far overrated” (p. 211).
Note where the punctuation belongs.
The plural of p. is pp. {space}
(pp. 211-212).
Space after a p. or pp.
WAIT I MISSED THOSE.
(In parentheses, use &)
Not in parentheses, use and
“Place the final punctuation after
the parentheses” (Tom, Dick, &
Harry, 2001).
On Formatting Block Quotes
• Block form for direct quotes 40 words or
more.
• Use only rarely; instead, paraphrase.
4. • Indent the same as a paragraph tab; same
margin on the right.
• The final punctuation comes before the
parenthetical element.
. . . and unpatriotic. (p. 285)
➫
➫ No
punctuation
Steinbrink and Cook (2003) wrote that
the post-September 11 discussion in the U.S. media,
based on fear of additional terror, showed an
overwhelming preoccupation with nationalistic images
and icons. The media’s “us versus them” discourse is
based on patriotic motifs (U.S. flags everywhere);
human-interest stories about the 9/11 victims that
reinforce nationalism; and narratives that demonize
“them,” such as reports about Taliban brutality and
Palestinian suicide bombers. (p. 285)
➫ ➫ No
punctuation
In-text citation of Web page
Show retrieval date for nonpermanent
Web sources. Electronicsources:
5. para. or ¶ or
p. 2 of 6.
Bestà Method section, ¶ 3.
WAIT! I ALMOST FORGOT!
If you’re listing groups of authors, they
go in alphabetical order:
Ya di ya di ya di da (Bonds, Van Slyke,
Bonilla, & Bell, 1990; Mazeroski & Groat,
1960; Stargell, Alou, & Clemente, 1970)
Reference Lists
– As discussed on page 326 in the APA manual,
single-spaced reference lists are easier to read
than double-spaced ones.
– Use a hanging indent.
– Alphabetize the references.
– If there’s no author, the article title in the
author
slot.
– Use (n.d.) if no date is indicated.
STANDARD FORMAT FOR A
JOURNAL REFERENCE
6. Steinbrink, J. E., & Cook, J. W. (2003).
Media literacy skills and the war on
terrorism. Clearing House, 76(6),
284-288.
space comma
+ &
lower case
italics
STANDARD FORMAT FOR AN
ONLINE JOURNAL REFERENCE
Steinbrink, J. E., & Cook, J. W. (2003).
Media literacy skills and the war on
terrorism. Clearing House, 76(6),
284-288. Retrieved October 21, 2006,
from Academic Search Premier
database.
The manual is ambiguous about when
you can
use [Electronic version]. If a database was
used, per the manual, students should cite the
database.
7. STANDARD FORMAT FOR A BOOK
REFERENCE
Pesto, R. I., & Lutefisk, N. J. (2003).
Lemonade, lemonade:You know you
like it. New York: Longman.
Space Comma
+ &
Lower
case italics
Review: Key Points on Citations
1. You must use quotation marks if you are
quoting directly.
2. You must indicate the page number or
paragraph number of a direct quote.
Secondary Sources
3. Students cannot pretend to have read
somethingfirsthand they did not read. Some
programs prohibit secondary sources. If you
allow students to use a secondary source, then
they showit as follows:
8. Sometimes a cigaris just a
cigar(Freud, as
cited in Cohen, 1999).
The year Freud wrote his piece doesn’t
appear
here, nor is Freud in the reference list.
Another Common Error
It is not spelled et.al,et. al, etal, et.al,la.te,or
ּעתּא
It’s et al., followed by a comma.
Yadi yada overrated
(Culpepper et al., 2005)
2. Check the manual for when you can use et
al.
Formatting and Variations
Because the APA manual was written for
submissions to journal articles, theremay not be
one standard “right way”to format a course
paper.
Here are somehelpful guidelines.
9. Margins: Course Papers
My Wonderful Research
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
1 in. from
the edge of
paper for
top, bottom,
right side
margins
Left
margin is
1” from
the left
edge of
paper
Margins: Page Numbers
2
___________________
___________________
11. one, tab the 1. over, and tab again.
2. Double space. As in the last
sentence, go back to the left margin.
3. Use a #., not a #) or (#).
but O’Reilly and Hannity (2000) blamed the
following for disruptive behavior among
adolescents:
1. Not saying the Pledge of Allegiance at
school in the morning.
2. Irresponsible parents.
3. The elimination of paddling.
Blah blah Clinton (2006), who said it was
(a) the right thingto do, (b) a mistake, and
12. (c) the right thingto do but a mistake.
But: Blah blah Robertson (2005), who
encouraged prohibiting (a) atheism; (b)
pinkos, especially pinko demagogues; and (c)
coed dancing.
Headings (APA 3.31)
• Keep your reader from getting lost.
• A series of road signs.
• Some choices dependingon how many
levels you have.
• All levels belong in the table of contents,
which on most word processing programs
can be generated automatically.
Here’s how you’d do threelevels:
Highest Level [L1]
Next Level [L3]
Next level. [L4]
Here’s how you’d do three levels:
13. Twentieth-Century Theorists {L1}
Abraham Maslow {L3}
Harmony, beauty, and justice. {L4} This
concept arose during the theorist’s days at a deli
counter on Murray Avenue in the Squirrel Hill
area of Pittsburgh.
Table of Contents
Twentieth-Century Theorists [L1]……………….14
Abraham Maslow [L3]…………………… …14
Harmony, beauty, and justice…...…….16
Justin Timberlake [L3]………………………18
Justin on quantum physics..……………25
Twentieth-Century Theorists [L1]
Blah blah blah these are really swell guys that I’ll be
discussing.
Abraham Maslow (1954) [L3]
14. Blah blah svelt Maslow (1954) blah blah ya da da da da da self-
actualization blah blah hungry but blah blah think sex is more
important.
Harmony, beauty, and justice . [L4] Self-actualization blah
blah papers
written by graduate students blah blah but did he ever play ice
hockey?
Justin Timberlake [L3]
Blah blah blah Timberlake (2004) blah blah ya da da da da da
talented and
intelligent blah blah famous performance at the Super Bowl
blah blah.
Justin on quantum physics. The erudite performer (2004) blah
blah whose
secret work at the NSF was only recently revealed blah blah. . .
.
Tables and Figures
The APA manual has excellent guidelineson tables
and figures. In APA style, anything that is not a
table is a figure—not a chartor graph or
illustration.
15. Note that the table title goes flushleft, above the
table.
The figure caption goes flushleft, under the figure.
Table 4
Comparison of Boys and Girls by Height and Weight
Note. From “Analysis of Seventh Graders’
Hormones,” by W. Steeves, 2001, Journal of
Despair, 98, p. 11. Reprinted with permission.
Figure 13. Causes of stress and its effects
among
graduate students. But is this really necessary?
According to whom?
By the way, number tables and figures
consecutively,
that is, Table 1, Table 2, Table 3; Figure
1, Figure 2. . . .
Pressure from
School
Pressure from
Work
Dangerous Levels of Medications
Spacing
16. • Normally, double space.(See p. 326 in the
APA manual.)
• Insert only one space after a period or
colon.
Numbers, Spelling, and Punctuation
On Numbers (APA 3.42-3.45)
• Normally, numbers 10 and higher are written as
numerals. Nine and lower are written out.
• But thereare exceptions where numbers 9
and
lower appear as numerals, too—mainly (a)
elements of time,(b) participants in a study,
and
(c) greatbig numbers, like 4 million.
• All eightboys threw rocks at a carp.
Meanwhile,
14 catfish nipped at Mrs. Thatcher’s arm.
• Every 2 or 3 years my lovely bride
and I spend a
weekend in Crawford, TX, discussing the positive
effects of oil profits on luxury boat sales.
17. • There were like 4 million people at the
DMB
concert last night.
• Exactly 60 boys and 8 girls participated.
Percentages (APA 3.42d) are straightforward.
Use a numeral and percentage sign unless at
the start of a sentence or if you’re quoting
directly from a source that used a different
style manual.
• Sixteen percent favor death by lethal
injection.
• Another 12% favor Cheez-Whiz, and 2%
marked “Hemlock.”
Insert a serial comma in a series of
three or more nouns or noun phrases
before the words and or or:
Moe, Larry, and Curly
Commas
Commaì
18. Wait. I missed that one.
What was that again?
USE A SERIAL COMMA.
Cheese, mushrooms, green
peppers, and onions.
ß-Serial comma per APA
Spelling
Check the tables in chapter 3 for rules on
hyphenation. In general, words with prefixes such
as non, semi, pre, post, anti, multi, and inter are
not
hyphenated: pretest, posttest, antibiotic,antisocial,
nonprofit, semipro, multiphased, subsample. But
self-esteem, self-concept.
Possessives of proper nouns ending in s
get ’s
added:
Rogers’s, Wilks’s lambda, Jones’s bottle of rum.
comma
On Abbreviations
• Italicize statistical abbreviations
• Uppercase N means population;
19. lowercase n means subsample
• Use etc., e.g., and i.e. only inside
parentheses
(e.g., means for example)
(i.e., means that is)
• My sister has three/3 children
• The plane was two/2 hours late.
• I plan to eat lunch, take a nap and spend
the
whole evening writing a course paper.
• I plan to eat lunch, take a nap, and spend
the
whole evening writing a course paper.
• I may have turned 52/fifty-two, but I do not
feel a day olderthan 50/fifty.
• I’m/I am not old; I’m/Iam a non-traditional/
nontraditional student.
POP QUIZ
• My sister has three/3 children
• The plane was two/2 hours late.
• I plan to eat lunch, take a nap and spend
the
whole evening writing a course paper.
• I plan to eat lunch, take a nap, and spend
20. the whole evening writing a course paper.
• I may have turned 52/fifty-two, but I do not
feel a day olderthan 50/fifty.
• I’m/I am not old; I’m/Iam a non-traditional/
nontraditional student.
POP QUIZ
Quirks and Oddsand Ends
VERB TENSES
First rule: The verb tensemust make sense.
Corporations lack the trust many Americans had in
them a decade ago.
The U.S. manned space program has experienced
setbacks / experienced a major setback. . .
.
There are growing concerns about the shortage of
water in the American West.
The crime rate fell during the 1990s.
VERB TENSES
21. Second rule: Report the literature in past tense.
Freud (1917/1980) explained [not explains] that
sometimes a cigaris just a cigar.
Deming (1982) argued that blah blah.
Bennis (1980) believed [not believes]
Linus (2000) found that
Calvin and Hobbes (2001) wrote that
Dagwood (2004) demonstrated/indicated/opined
VERB TENSES
Third rule: Report the literature in past tense,
but it
has to make sense.
Parker (1935) claimed that boys seldom make
passes at girls who wear glasses.
Bausch and Lomb (2002) studied male heterosexual
college students (N=100) at Princeton and found
that
75% of the students made passes at girls who
wore
glasses.
Miscellaneous
• Data and media are plural nouns and take
plural adjectives, pronouns, and verbs.
22. • Use respectful and inclusive language.
• Avoid contractions.
APA Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing
Lab
The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is
the most commonly used format for manuscripts in the social
sciences.
APA regulates:
• Stylistics
• In-text citations
• References
What is APA Style?
Personal pronouns where appropriate
•✓: “We conducted an experiment…”
•✗: “The authors conducted an experiment….”
Active voice rather than passive voice
23. •✓: “We asked participants questions.”
•✗: “The participants have been asked questions by the
researchers.”
Point of View &Voice
Language in an APA paper should be:
• Clear: be specific in descriptions and explanations
• Concise: condense information when you can
• Plain: use simple, descriptive adjectives and minimize
figurative language
Language
The Literature Review:
• Summarizes scientific literature on a particular research
topic
• Includes:
• a title page,
• introduction, and
• a list of references
Types of APA Papers
24. The Experimental Report:
• Describes your experimental research
• Includes:
• a title page,
• abstract,
• introduction,
• methods, results, and discussion sections,
• a list of references,
• appendices,
• tables, and
• figures
Types of APA Papers
If your paper fits neither category:
•Follow the general format
•Consult the instructor
•Consult the APA Publication Manual
Types of APA Papers
Your essay should:
•be typed,
•double-spaced,
•have 1” margins,
25. •use 10-12pt. Standard font (ex. Times New Roman), and
•be printed on standard-sized paper (8.5”x 11”)
[Note: If you are writing a manuscript draft, APA suggests
using two spaces between
sentences to aid readability (see pp.87-88 in the APA manual).]
General APA Format
Every page of your essay should:
•Include a page header (Title, all caps) in the upper left-
hand corner and
•the page number in the upper right
General APA Format
Your essay should
include four major
sections:
References
Main Body
Abstract
Title page
26. General APA Format
Title:
(in the upper half of the
page, centered)
name (no title or degree)
+ affiliation (university,
etc.)
Page header:
(use Insert Page Header)
title flush left + page
number flush right.
Title Page
Page header: do NOT
include “Running
head:”
Abstract: centered, at
the top of the page
Write a 150- to 250-
word summary of your
paper in an accurate,
concise, and specific
27. manner.
Abstract Page
• Number the first text page as page number 3
• Type and center the title of the paper at the top of the
page
• Type the text double-spaced with all sections following
each other without a break
• Identify the sources you use in the paper in
parenthetical, in-text citations
• Format tables and figures
Main Body (Text)
• Center the title (References) at
the top of the page. Do not
bold it.
• Double-space reference entries
• Flush left the first line of the
entry and indent subsequent
lines
• Order entries alphabetically by
the surname of the first author
of each work
28. Reference Page
• Invert authors’ names (last name first followed by initials)
• EX:“Smith, J.Q.”
• Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and
subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title,
and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the
second word in a hyphenated compound word.
• EX: The perfectly formatted paper: How the Purdue
OWL saved my essay.
References: Basics
• Capitalize all major words in journal titles
• Italicize titles of longer works such as books and
journals
• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the
titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in
edited collections
References: Basics
APA is a complex system of citation. When compiling the
reference list,
29. the strategy below might be useful:
1. Identify the type of source:
Is it a book? A journal article? A webpage?
2. Find a sample citation for this type of source
Check a textbook or the OWL APA Guide: http://
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
3. “Mirror” the sample
4. Make sure that the entries are listed in alphabetical order and
that
the subsequent lines are indented (Recall References: Basics)
Making the Reference List
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
In-text citations help readers locate the cited source in the
References section of the paper.
Whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis:
• the author’s name and the date of publication
• for quotations and close paraphrases, provide the
author’s name, date of publication, and a page number
In-text Citation: Basics
30. When quoting:
•Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase
•Include the author’s name, year of publication, and page
number
•Keep the citation brief—do not repeat the information
In-Text Citation:
Quotations
Provide the author’s last name and the year of
publication in parenthesis after a summary or a paraphrase.
In-Text Citation:
Summary or Paraphrase
Include the author’s name in the signal phrase, followed by the
year of publication in parenthesis.
In-Text Citation:
Summary or Paraphrase
When including the quotation in a summary/paraphrase, also
provide a page number in parenthesis after the quotation:
In-Text Citation:
Summary or Paraphrase
31. Introduce quotations with signal phrases, e.g.:
According to Xavier (2008), “….” (p. 3).
Xavier (2008) argued that “……” (p. 3).
Use such signal verbs such as:
acknowledged, contended, maintained,
responded, reported, argued, concluded, etc.
Use the past tense or the present perfect tense of verbs in signal
phrases
when they discuss past events.
In-Text Citation:
Signal Words
When the parenthetical citation includes two or
more works, order them in the same way they appear in the
reference list—
the author’s name, the year of publication—separated by a semi-
colon.
In-Text Citation:
Two or More Works
When citing a work with two authors, use
In the signal phrase, use “and” in between the authors’
names
32. In parenthesis, use “&” between names
In-Text Citation:
Works with Two Authors
When citing a work with three to five authors, identify all
authors in the
signal phrase or in parenthesis.
(Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, 1999)
In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name
followed by "et
al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses.
(Harklau et al., 1993)
In-Text Citation:
Works with 3-5 Authors
When citing a work with six and more authors, identify the first
author’s
name followed by “et al.”
Smith et al. (2006) maintained that….
(Smith et al., 2006)
In-Text Citation:
Works with 6+ Authors
33. When citing a work of unknown author:
•use the source’s full title in the signal phrase
•cite the first word of the title followed by the year of
publication in
parenthesis.
According to “Indiana Joins Federal Accountability System”
(2008)
OR
(“Indiana,” 2008)
Titles:
Articles and Chapters = “ ”
Books and Reports = italicize
In-Text Citation:
Unknown Author
When citing an organization:
•mention the organization the first time you cite the source in
the signal
phrase or the parenthetical citation.
•If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the
abbreviation
in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only
the
abbreviation in later citations.
In-Text Citation:
34. Organization
When citing authors with the same last names, use first initials
with
the last names.
(B. Kachru, 2005; Y. Kachru, 2008)
When citing two or more works by the same author and
published in
the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) after the year of
publication to order the references.
Smith’s (1998a) study of adolescent immigrants…
In-Text Citation:
Same Last Name/Author
When citing interviews, letters, e-mails, etc., include the
communicator’s
name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date
of the
communication.
Do not include personal communication in the reference list.
In-Text Citation:
Personal Communication
35. When citing an electronic document, whenever possible, cite it
in the
author-date style. If electronic source lacks page numbers,
locate and identify
paragraph number/paragraph heading.
In-Text Citation:
Electronic Sources
APA uses a system of five heading levels
APA Headings
Level Format
1 Centered, Boldfaced, Upper & Lowercase Headings
2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Upper & Lowercase Headings
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with
period.
5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period.
Headings
Here is an example of the five-level heading system:
Headings
36. Label tables with an Arabic numeral and provide a title. The
label and title
appear on separate lines above the table, flush-left and single-
spaced.
Cite a source in a note below the table.
Table 1
Internet users in Europe
Country Regular Users
France 9 ml
Note: The data are adapted from “The European Union and
Russia”
(2007). Retrieved from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Tables
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
Label figures with an Arabic numeral and provide a title. The
label and the
title appear on the same line below the figure, flush-left .
You might provide an additional title centered above the figure.
Cite the source below the label and the title.
Figure 1. Internet users in Europe. Adapted from The European
Union and
37. Russia: Statistical comparison by Eurostat Statistical Books,
2007, Retrieved
from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Figures
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
The Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu
The Purdue Writing Lab @ HEAV 226
Composition textbooks
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
6th ed.
APA’s website: http://www.apastyle.org
Additional Resources
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
http://www.apastyle.org/
The End
APA Formatting and Style Guide
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing
Lab