This document provides information about formatting references in APA style. It discusses the most common types of sources that are referenced in theses, including journal articles, online documents, book chapters, and entire books. For each source type, the document explains what information needs to be included in the reference, such as the author, year, title, publisher, and page numbers. It provides examples of references formatted according to APA style. The document emphasizes that students should work on their reference lists throughout the research process rather than waiting until the end.

1. APA format for researchAPA format for research
articles, books, andarticles, books, and
electronic sourceselectronic sources
Your references will give points inYour references will give points in
your final project!!!!your final project!!!!

2. Most Likely Used Sources inMost Likely Used Sources in
ThesesTheses
Journal ArticlesJournal Articles
Online DocumentsOnline Documents
Book ChaptersBook Chapters

3. Find out the characteristics of aFind out the characteristics of a
journal articlejournal article referencereference
Nagy, W.E., García, G.E., Durgunoğlu, A.Y., &Nagy, W.E., García, G.E., Durgunoğlu, A.Y., &
Hancin-Bhatt, B. (1993). Spanish-EnglishHancin-Bhatt, B. (1993). Spanish-English
bilingual studentsbilingual students’ use of cognates in English’ use of cognates in English
reading.reading. Journal of Reading Behavior, 25Journal of Reading Behavior, 25(3),(3),
241-259.241-259.
Neuman, S.B., & Koskinen, P. (1992). CaptionedNeuman, S.B., & Koskinen, P. (1992). Captioned
television as comprehensible input: Effects oftelevision as comprehensible input: Effects of
incidental word learning from context forincidental word learning from context for
language minority students.language minority students. ReadingReading
Research Quarterly, 27Research Quarterly, 27(1), 95-106.(1), 95-106.

4. Author, A.A, & Author, B.B. (2010). Title ofAuthor, A.A, & Author, B.B. (2010). Title of
article.article. Title of Periodical, XXTitle of Periodical, XX(X), xxx-(X), xxx-
xxx.xxx.

5. Where do we find theWhere do we find the
information to referenceinformation to reference
an article?an article?

6. Orellana, M.F., Reynolds, J., Dorner, L., &Orellana, M.F., Reynolds, J., Dorner, L., &
Meza, M. (2003). In other words:Meza, M. (2003). In other words:
Translating orTranslating or “para-phrasing” as a“para-phrasing” as a
family literacy practice in immigrantfamily literacy practice in immigrant
households.households. Reading ResearchReading Research
Quarterly, 38Quarterly, 38(1), 12-34.(1), 12-34.

7. Marjorie Faultisch OrellanaMarjorie Faultisch Orellana
Jennifer ReynoldsJennifer Reynolds
Lisa DornerLisa Dorner
Maria MezaMaria Meza

8. Info Needed to Properly ReferenceInfo Needed to Properly Reference
aa Journal ArticleJournal Article
Last Name, I., & Last Name, I.Last Name, I., & Last Name, I.
(year).(year).
Title of article: Only caps on first word or ProperTitle of article: Only caps on first word or Proper
Names.Names.
Journal Title With All Caps and UnderlinedJournal Title With All Caps and Underlined,,
VolumeVolume(issue),(issue),
Page-numbers.Page-numbers.
Indent right second and following lines. CountIndent right second and following lines. Count
four characters to the right.four characters to the right.

9. PracticePractice
Create a reference forCreate a reference for
the following articlethe following article

10. SolutionSolution
McKeown, R. G., & Gentilucci, J. L. (2007).McKeown, R. G., & Gentilucci, J. L. (2007).
Think-aloud strategy: MetacognitiveThink-aloud strategy: Metacognitive
development and monitoringdevelopment and monitoring
comprehension in the middle-schoolcomprehension in the middle-school
second-language classroom.second-language classroom. Journal ofJournal of
Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 51Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 51(2), 136-(2), 136-
147.147.

11. Info Needed to Properly ReferenceInfo Needed to Properly Reference
anan Online DocumentOnline Document
Author, I.Author, I.
(year).(year).
Title of work.Title of work.
Retrieved on month, day, year from URLRetrieved on month, day, year from URL

12. Example of Online DocumentExample of Online Document
ReferenceReference
AN INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKINGAN INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKING
Steven D. SchafersmanSteven D. Schafersman
January, 1991January, 1991
http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.htmlhttp://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html
Schafersman, S. D. (1991). An introduction to
critical thinking. Retrieved march 16th
, 2009,
from http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-
thinking.html.

13. PracticePractice: Write the appropriate reference for: Write the appropriate reference for
the following online documentthe following online document
Title: WHAT IS CRITICAL LITERACY?Title: WHAT IS CRITICAL LITERACY?
Author: IRA SHORAuthor: IRA SHOR
Place: College of Staten Island, CUNYPlace: College of Staten Island, CUNY
Year: 2007Year: 2007
http://www.lesley.edu/journals/jppp/4/shor.htmlhttp://www.lesley.edu/journals/jppp/4/shor.html
We retrieved the article today!We retrieved the article today!

14. SolutionSolution
Shor, I. (2007).Shor, I. (2007). What is critical literacy?What is critical literacy? RetrievedRetrieved
march 15march 15thth
, 2009, from http://www.lesley.edu/, 2009, from http://www.lesley.edu/
journals/jppp/4/shor.html.journals/jppp/4/shor.html.

15. Find out the Characteristics of aFind out the Characteristics of a
Book ReferenceBook Reference
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1999).Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1999). TheThe
discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitativediscovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative
researchresearch. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Kvale, S. (1996).Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitativeInterviews: An introduction to qualitative
research interviewingresearch interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Merriam, S. B. (1998).Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case studyQualitative research and case study
applications in educationapplications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass Publishers.Bass Publishers.

16. US Cities Well-Known ForUS Cities Well-Known For
PublicationPublication
BaltimoreBaltimore
BostonBoston
ChicagoChicago
Los AngelesLos Angeles
New YorkNew York
PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
San FranciscoSan Francisco

17. World Cities Well-Known ForWorld Cities Well-Known For
PublicationPublication
AmsterdamAmsterdam
JerusalemJerusalem
LondonLondon
MilanMilan
MoscowMoscow
ParisParis
RomeRome
StockholmStockholm
TokyoTokyo
ViennaVienna

18. Info Needed to Properly ReferenceInfo Needed to Properly Reference
aa BookBook
Author, I.Author, I.
(year).(year).
Title of bookTitle of book..
City, State (Country):City, State (Country):
Publisher.Publisher.

19. Where to Find the Info in a BookWhere to Find the Info in a Book

20. Book Copyright PageBook Copyright Page

21. HereHere’s the reference for this book’s the reference for this book
ValdValdés, G. (2001).és, G. (2001). Learning and not learningLearning and not learning
English: Latino students in AmericanEnglish: Latino students in American
schools.schools. New York: Teachers CollegeNew York: Teachers College
Press.Press.
Author, I.Author, I.
(year).(year).
Title of bookTitle of book..
City, State (Country):City, State (Country):
Publisher.Publisher.

22. Practice: Reference the followingPractice: Reference the following
bookbook

23. Defago, N. (2005).Defago, N. (2005). Childfree and loving it!Childfree and loving it!
London: Fusion Press.London: Fusion Press.

24. PracticePractice
Author: David BartonAuthor: David Barton
Publisher: BlackwellPublisher: Blackwell
Title of Book: Literacy: An Introduction to theTitle of Book: Literacy: An Introduction to the
Ecology of Written LanguageEcology of Written Language
Year of Publication: 1994Year of Publication: 1994
City: Malden, M.A.City: Malden, M.A.

25. Barton, D. (1994).Barton, D. (1994). Literacy: An introductionLiteracy: An introduction
to the ecology of written language.to the ecology of written language.
Malden, MA: Blackwell.Malden, MA: Blackwell.

26. How about anHow about an
Edited Book?Edited Book?
What makesWhat makes
a booka book
“edited”?“edited”?

27. In an edited book,In an edited book,
several authorsseveral authors
contribute withcontribute with
chapterschapters

28. Copyright PageCopyright Page

29. Info Needed to Properly ReferenceInfo Needed to Properly Reference
a Chapter from ana Chapter from an EditedEdited BookBook
Author, I. (of chapter in book)Author, I. (of chapter in book)
(year).(year).
Title of chapter.Title of chapter.
In E. EditorIn E. Editor’s First Initial First (Ed.),’s First Initial First (Ed.),
Title of bookTitle of book (pp. xxx-xxx)(pp. xxx-xxx)
City, State (Country):City, State (Country):
Publisher.Publisher.

30. How to reference an edited bookHow to reference an edited book
1. Record the title of the chapter you
referenced from, with the author’s name.
In this case:
Moll, L. C. The diversity of schooling: A
cultural-historical approach

31. 2. Look for the editors’
names and for the
year, city, and
publisher’s name in
the copyright page.

32. This is what the reference should look likeThis is what the reference should look like
Moll, L.C. (2001). The diversity of schooling:
A cultural-historical approach. In M.L.
Reyes, & J.J.Halcón (Eds.), The best for
our children: Critical perspectives on
literacy for Latino students (pp. 13-28). New
York: Teachers College Press.
Notice that the first initials of the editors come first before their
last names. The title of the book is underlined.

33. Practice: Make an appropriate referencePractice: Make an appropriate reference
from an edited book based on the followingfrom an edited book based on the following
informationinformation
Book TitleBook Title: Family literacy: From theory to practice: Family literacy: From theory to practice
EditorsEditors: Andrea DeBruin-Parecki and Barbara Krol-Sinclair: Andrea DeBruin-Parecki and Barbara Krol-Sinclair
ChapterChapter: Evaluating Adult/Child Interactive Reading Skills.: Evaluating Adult/Child Interactive Reading Skills.
AuthorAuthor: Andrea DeBruin-Parecki: Andrea DeBruin-Parecki
PagesPages: 282-302: 282-302
Year of PublicationYear of Publication: 2003: 2003
CityCity: Newark, DE: Newark, DE
PublisherPublisher: International Reading Association: International Reading Association

34. SolutionSolution
DeBruin-Parecki, A. (2003). EvaluatingDeBruin-Parecki, A. (2003). Evaluating
adult/child interactive reading skills. Inadult/child interactive reading skills. In
A. DeBruin-Parecki, & B. Krol-SinclairA. DeBruin-Parecki, & B. Krol-Sinclair
(Eds.),(Eds.), Family literacy: From theory toFamily literacy: From theory to
practicepractice (pp. 282-302). Newark, DE:(pp. 282-302). Newark, DE:
International Reading Association.International Reading Association.

35. Reference ListReference List
Although it comes at the end of yourAlthough it comes at the end of your
document, ALWAYS WORK ON IT!document, ALWAYS WORK ON IT!
All authors in alphabetical order.All authors in alphabetical order.
If same author with different publications,If same author with different publications,
cite most recent first.cite most recent first.

36. PracticePractice
Each student creates the APA referenceEach student creates the APA reference
list for their thesis sources.list for their thesis sources.