AP World Studies!!
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This document contains study notes for an AP World History Unit 1 exam comparing various civilizations, religions, and time periods across multiple categories. It includes comparisons between the Mauryans and Guptas in India, Mesopotamia and the Olmecs, Rome and the Han Dynasty in China, Athens and Rome, Buddhism and Christianity, Hinduism and Confucianism, classical India and China, river valley and classical civilizations, and Judaism and Christianity. Key similarities noted include social hierarchies, trade networks, writing systems, and religious beliefs. The document also defines important terms and reminds the student to consider reasons for differences in T-chart comparisons.
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3) Ashoka promoted Buddhism throughout India and sent emissaries abroad spreading Buddhist teachings, as documented on the Edicts of Ashoka carved on pillars and cave walls across the subcontinent.
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The document summarizes the Harappan civilization which flourished between 2500-1500 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some key aspects include:
- The Harappan civilization had two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with populations around 35,000-40,000. There were over 300 smaller settlements.
- They developed sophisticated urban planning with drainage systems and large public baths, indicating importance of cleanliness.
- By 1900 BCE the civilization was already in decline possibly due to environmental factors like deforestation. Both major cities were abandoned by 1500 BCE.
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Life history of mauryan ( acquired from google.com ) .
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- Decline of the civilizations by 1000 BCE.
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The document provides an overview of medieval Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It summarizes that the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to various internal and external factors. While Rome fell, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople. After the fall of Rome, Europe was politically fragmented with no central government and was dominated by invading Germanic tribes. Charlemagne was able to unite much of Western Europe under the Frankish Kingdom in the 9th century, which became known as the Holy Roman Empire. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period characterized by a hierarchy of land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals. The
Lecture SlidesbyRobert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen.docx
Lecture Slides
by
Robert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen Aron • Peter Brown • Benjamin Elman • Stephen Kotkin • Xinru Liu • Suzanne Marchand • Holly Pittman • Gyan Prakash • Brent Shaw • Michael Tsin
Lecture Slides
Chapter 7
HAN DYNASTY CHINA AND IMPERIAL ROME, 300 BCE=300 CE
Han China and Imperial Rome:
How Globalizing Empires Were Built
Unprecedented power: Roman and Han characteristics
Size, quality, and lasting worldwide impact
Cultural, economic, and administrative control
Empire and cultural identity
Han
Civilian magistrates and bureaucrats were public servants
Emulated past models for empire’s ideals
Elites shared common language
Belief in ancestor worship
Rome
Definition of citizenship changed over time
Pragmatic innovation and adaptation as empire’s ideals
Common language was Latin
Patterns of Imperial Expansion
Both Han Chinese and Romans consolidated power within their geographical limits using a common legal framework
They had different patterns of development, types of public servants, and government practices
Han looked to past for methods; Romans used pragmatism to define methods
United huge territories and diverse populations within an imperial framework
Both became models for later empire builders
Provided a vision for a common identity
East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
WORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, 5TH EDITION
© 2018 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
Map 7.1 | East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
Both the Qin and the Han dynasties consolidated much of East Asia into one large regional empire.
• According to the map, what physical features imposed a limit to this territorial expansion?
• Why was the defensive wall so long, and why was it placed facing north?
• What impact did the pastoral Xiongnu have on each empire’s effort to consolidate a large territorial state?
• According to your reading, why did the Han expand their influence farther west than the Qin?
5
The Qin Dynasty
Integration of vast territory through administrative and economic innovations
Political organization and control
Commanderies (provinces) with civilian and military governors
Registration of males for army and public labor
Control by censorship
Standardized weights, measures, and currency
Legalism
Stability through strict law and punishment
Group responsibility for individuals
Qin orthodoxy
Improved communications through road systems
Standardized writing style
Economic and Social Changes under the Qin Dynasty
Expansion of agriculture
Role of government
Role of peasant farmers
Economic changes
Farms replace royal manors
Profit from surpluses
Business and labor contracts
Long-distance trade
Merchant class and trade networks
Government trade tariffs
Defense and Expansion
The Xiongnu and the Qin along the northern frontier
Beginnings of the Great Wall
Qin relationship with Xiongnu nomadic warriors: delicate balance
The Qin debacle
Qin collapse
Constant warfare led to heavy taxes
Former nobles and conscripted workers mutiny
Civil war
.
C&c final
While the Zhou Dynasty in China and the Greek city-states were located thousands of miles apart, they shared some common features as civilizations. Both had systems of government and religious beliefs. However, their governments and beliefs differed substantially. The Zhou Dynasty had a feudal system ruled by an emperor, while the Greek city-states each had their own rulers and forms of government. The Zhou religion included worship of heavenly bodies and ancestors, while Greeks worshipped individual gods. The terrain where they developed also influenced them, with the Zhou based in flat river lands and the Greeks separated by mountains into individual city-states.
Vocabulary 6-1.3 mesopotamia
You are a crafter living in a Sumerian city-state surrounded by thick walls for protection. You and your neighbors fear the many gods and spirits that are believed to be everywhere and can cause illness, storms, or bad luck. As an individual, you consider wearing charms or amulets, remaining aware of your surroundings, and trusting your instincts to protect yourself from gods and spirits. You also consider following the community approaches of constructing temples to honor the gods and spirits, performing rituals, and following the priests' orders.
world review power point
The document provides information about the format and content of the World History exam. It discusses the six categories of questions on the exam and the percentages of each type. It also outlines the six major themes covered in world history and describes the test format, including time allotted for each section and the time periods covered. Additionally, it explains how the exam is graded and scored.
Ancient Greece
The document provides an overview of the rise of ancient Greek civilization. It discusses the geography of Greece and how it led to separate city-states. It then describes the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, including the legendary Trojan War. After a dark age, city-states emerged in Greece and were initially ruled by aristocrats and later tyrants. Democracy then developed in Athens, where male citizens could debate laws, though not all residents were citizens.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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AP World Studies!!
- 1. AP World Studies Unit 1 Notes to Study
- 2. Mauryans vs. Guptas Differences M: Buddhism M: More land M: Lasted longer G: Hinduism Similarities Classical India Began in Magadha Caste System
- 3. Mesopotamia vs. Olmecs Differences Similarities M: City-states M: Polytheistic and then monotheistic M: Invented writing and cuneiform M: Stories & poems [Epic of Gilgamesh] O: Polytheistic O: Developed numeric system O: Carved jade Based on agriculture Patriarchal Ruled by kings Distinct social classes Priests and temples; elaborate rituals Believed in astronomical and supernatural events
- 4. Rome vs. Han Dynasty Differences R: Didn’t retain identity R: Small city-states R: Law of 12 Tables R: Julius Caesar R: Senate [republic] R: Invented engineering H: Divided into areas H: Bureaucracy H: Invented everything else Similarities Emperors Social class [elites are better] Attacked by nomadic groups Diseases Difficult trade routes Women manhandled
- 5. Athens vs. Rome Differences Similarities Gods’ and goddesses’ names R: Military based R: Agricultural R: Empire A: Less invasion from Nomads A: Culture bases more on the arts Gods and goddesses Patriarchy Slavery Located in present-day Europe Traded through Mediterranean
- 6. Buddhism vs. Christianity Differences Similarities B: Four Noble Truths and Eight – Fold Path B: Nirvana B: Leader is a man B: Meditates B: Divisions: Theravada and Mahayana C: Leader is God C: Prays C: Leader’s death allowed salvation Soul lives on after death Egalitarian – everyone is equal Spread through trade Monotheistic Single founder
- 7. Hinduism vs. Confucianism Differences Similarities H: World’s largest ethnic religion H: No particular founder C: Superior/non-superior relationship C: Founded by Confucius C: No particular god Believed in social hierarchies Supported superiors Had guidelines to live life Many people follow the religion/philosophy
- 8. Classical India vs. Classical China Differences Similarities Different religions C: Politically controlled by non-hereditary bureaucracy [have to take test to receive power] C: Ruled by dynasty I: Politically fragmented into separate kinship groups I: Ruled by empire Ashoka Invaded by nomads Unified by a religion Located in Asia Distinct social classes Had higher powers [emperors/rulers]
- 9. River Valley Civilizations vs. Classical Civilizations Differences Similarities C: More numerous and better written records C: More communication because of trade C: Larger cities and capitals C: Stronger government and military works C: More contact with nomadic people C:Cultural characteristics still around C: More disease is spread R: Less complex writing systems R: Wider division of labor Complex, long distance trade Writing systems Complex government Clear social classes Gradually developing cities New religions developing New Law Codes Agriculture is important
- 10. Judaism vs. Christianity Differences Similarities J: Founded by Abraham J: Spread by diaspora [scattering of peoples by conquerors] J: Originated in Middle East C: Founded by Jesus of Nazareth C: Spread by 12 disciples C: Official religion of Rome C: Originated in Judea C: Paul responsible for spreading Christianity to Rome Sacred text Promise a better life Monotheistic Have a place of worship Believe in an afterlife Viewed God as a superior being Must live a moral life to have a good afterlife
- 11. Words to Define for Extra Credit China Shi forbidden city scholar-gentry India Varna jati Brahmins Kshatriya Vaishya Shudra Vedas Upanishads atman Ashoka theater state [pg. 104 gray book]
- 13. These aren’t all the notes you should study! They’re only to help with the essay part of the test.