An overview of ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india and ayurvedic formulary of india

1. AYURVEDIC
PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA
BY
DR. SANAGALA PRIYANKA
DEPARTMENT OF DRAVYA GUNA
PG 1ST YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION
 Pharmacopoeia is an official code containing a
list of established drugs and medicinal
preparations.
 Pharmacopoeia literally means “DRUG MAKING”
 Derived from Greek word- PHARMAKOPOIIA
PHARMAKON- Drug
THE VERB POIIA- Making
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3. AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA
 API is the book of standards for single drug and
it’s formulations
 Published by ministry of ayush
 Description of each single drug or preparation
included in it are called monographs
 There are 645 monographs in part – 1 and 202
monographs in part - 2
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4. AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA COMMITTEE
 APC was first functional unit in the department of
ayush.
 Constitution of APC established on 20th sept 1962 by
government of india.
 In April 2006, it was shifted under central council for
research in Ayurveda and siddha (CCRAS)
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5. OFFICIAL AND ESSENTIAL PUBLICATIONS OF
APC
 AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA
 AYURVEDIC FORMULARY OF INDIA
 ATLAS OF AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA
OF INDIA
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6. OTHER OFFICIAL MONOGRAPHS
 GERMAN COMMISSION E MONOGRAPHS
 EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC COOPERATIVE FOR
PHYTOTHERAPY (ESCOP)
 THE AMERICAN HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA
 WHO MONOGRAPHS
 USP MONOGRAPHS
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8. APC - FUNCTIONS
 To prepare Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of single and compound
drugs
 To prescribe the working standards for compound ayurvedic
formulations including tests for identity, purity, strength and
quality so as to ensure uniformity of finished formulations.
 To prepare remaining parts of official formulary of compound
preparations from the classical texts including standardized
composition of reputed institution.
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9. APC - FUNCTIONS
 To develop and standardize methods of preparation, dosage form,
toxicity profile etc.
 To develop quality standards, safety, efficacy profile of
intermediates like extracts of ayurvedic raw drugs.
 To develop quality standards, safety, efficacy profile of different
parts of plants, as well as to include new plants as ayurvedic
drugs.
 Any other matter relating to the quality standards, shelf life,
identification, new formulations.
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10. PROJECTS UNDER APC
 Development of pharmacopoeial standards for single
drug and it’s formulations.
 Isolation of marker compounds of medicinal plants.
 Comparative phyto-chemical screening of roots and
barks vs aerial parts.
 Preparation of hindi version of API.
 Biological activity studies of plant extract.
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11. PROJECTS UNDER APC
 To identify methods and procedures for publication of standards of all
commonly used formulations of AFI.
 Information on ayurvedic formulation regarding
- Distinguishing characters
- Method of preparation and dosage
- Method of administration with anupana
- Toxicity
 To develop quality standards, shelf life, identification, new formulations
including safety, efficacy of intermediate plant extracts.
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12. APC & PLIM
 In 2010 – pharmacopoeia Laboratory for Indigenous Medicines
(PLIM)
 Autonomous body for Indian medicine (Ayurveda, sidda, unani) to
evolve the standards under the guidance of APC
 To analyse the product samples picked up by the drug inspectors
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13. PLIM - OBJECTIVES
 To set and validate standards of drugs
 To provide reference standards
 To impart training to drug inspectors and
analysts
 To provide support to APC
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14. API – PART 1
VOLUME YEAR OF PUBLISHING NUMBER OF MONOGRAPHS
I 1990 80 (raw drugs)
II 1999 78
III 2001 100
IV 2004 68
V 2006 92
VI 2008 101
VII 2008 21(minerals)
VIII 2011 60(on 15 plants)
IX 2016 45 ( dry drugs)
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15. API – PART 2
VOLUME YEAR OF PUBLISHING NUMBER OF MONOGRAPHS
I 2007 50
II 2008 51
III 2010 51
IV 2017 50
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16. API – PART - 2
KALPANA VOL 1 (50) VOL 2 (51) VOL 3 (51)
ARKA - - 12
AVALEHA 12 4 3
CHURNA 11 4 1
GHRITA 12 4 1
GUGGULU 1 13 3
VATI 1 - 11
ASAVA & ARISTA - 24 -
TAILA 6 1 20
KSHARASUTRA - 1 -
KSHARA(5) &
LAVANA(10)
6 - -
LEPA 1 - -
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17. API – SUPPORTING PHARMACOPOEIAL
PUBLICATIONS
 TLC ATLAS OF API PART 1
VOL - 1 – 2009 – 80 MONOGRAPHS
VOL – 3 – 2016 – 99 MONOGRAPHS
 MICROSCOPY AND MACROSCOPY ATLAS OF API –
PART 1
VOL I – 2011 – 80 MONOGRAPHS
VOL V – 2009 – 92 MONOGRAPHS
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18. A TYPICAL MONOGRAPH OF API
 TITLE
 NAME OF MONOGRAPH
 SYNONYMS
 DESCRIPTION (MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC)
 IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
 FOREIGN MATTER
 TOTAL ASH
 ACID-INSOLUBLE ASH
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19. A TYPICAL MONOGRAPH OF API
 ALCOHOL - SOLUBLE EXTRACTIVE
 WATER – SOLUBLE EXTRACTIVE
 ASSAYS AND TESTS
 CONSTITUENTS
 PROPERTIES AND ACTION
 IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS
 THERAPEUTIC USES
 DOSE
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20. AYURVEDIC FORMULARY OF INDIA

21. AFI (FORMULATIONS)
 FORMULATION IS DEFINED AS USE OF MORE THAN ONE DRUG IN
MEDICINAL PREPARATION.
The 1st part of ayurvedic formularly in English was published in
1978
 This was the 1st attempt of APC to compile the information
scattered about ayurvedic compound formulations in such a way
to make it suitable to develop pharmacopoeial standard and to
meet the requirements of drug and cosmetic act
 List of single drugs of animal, mineral and plant origin has been
prepared on the basis of names appeared in the formulations.
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22. AFI ( FORMULATIONS)
 Compound formulations are divided into two groups
1. kasthaushadhi (predominantly plant drugs)
2. Rasaushadi ( metals and minerals)
 Kasthaushadhi – asava, arista, avaleha, ghrita, churna, taila
 Rasaushadhi – bhasma, pisti, lauha, mandura, kupipakva rasayana
 Both 1st and 2nd part contain majority of formulations
manufactured as per classics
3rd Part has formulations that has been used by hospital
pharmacies for over 50 years
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23. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AFI (FORMULATIONS)
 TITLE
 METHOD OF PREPARATION
 DOSE
 ANUPANA
 THEURAPEUTIC USES
 STORAGE
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24. AFI - PUBLICATIONS
PART YEAR OF PUBLISHING NUMBER OF MONOGRAPHS
I 1976 444
II 2000 192
III 2011 350
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25. PART 1 PART 2 PART 3
ASAVA & ARISTA 37 3 17
ARKA 4 2 14
AVALEHA 32 7 20
KWATHA CHURNA 9 25 30
GUGGULU 12 2 7
GHRITA 44 4 -
CHURNA 40 6 69
TAILA 62 18 26
DRAVAKA 1 - -
LAVANA & KSHARA 13 - 2
LEPA 12 5 23
VATI & GUTIKA 35 14 26
VARTI, NETRA
BINDU, ANJANA
8 2 2
SATWA 1 - -
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26. PART 1 PART 2 PART 3
KUPIPAKVA
RASAYANA
10 - -
PARPATI 5 2 1
PISHTI 4 2 1
BHASMA 20 5 -
MANDURA 2 3 4
RASAYOGA 55 69 96
LAUHA 12 9 11
DHUPA - - 1
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27. CONCLUSION
 API IS A BOOK OF AYURVEDIC MONOGRAPHS WHICH GIVES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC
CHARACTERS, IDENTITY TESTS, CONSTITUENTS, APPROVED
THERAPEUTIC USES, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM DOSES, COLOUR
PHOTOGRAPHS, CHEMICAL FORMULATIONS AND STANDARDS OF
QUALITY OF CRUDE DRUGS INCLUDING ITS FORMULATIONS.
 THE AIM HAS BEEN SET STANDARDS FOR QUALITY, EFFICACY AND
SAFETY IN ORDER THAT MANY TRADITIONAL HERBS AND
FORMULATIONS MEET LEGAL REQUIREMENT.
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28. THANK YOU