AntiObesity | Kritika Gupta

1. WHAT IS OBESITY?
Obesity is a medical condition in which
excess body fat has accumulated to the extent
that it may have a negative effect on health,
leading to reduced life expectancy and/or
increased health problems.

2. BODY MASS INDEX
BMI is defined as the subject's weight divided by the
square of their height and is calculated as follows:
BMI = m / h^2 ,where m and h are the subject's weight
and height respectively. BMI is usually expressed in
kilograms per square metre, resulting when weight is
measured in kilograms and height in metres.

3. Less than 18.4 -
Underweight
18.5-22.9 - Normal
23-24.9 -
Overweight
More than 25 -
Obese
BMI LIMIT
for Indians

4. Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR)
• A waist-hip measurement is the ratio of the circumference of your waist to that of your hips. You measure the
smallest circumference of your waist, usually just above your belly button, and divide that total by the
circumference of your hip at its widest part.
• If a woman's waist is 28 inches and her hips are 36 inches, her WHR is 28 divided by 36 = 0.77. Below is a
breakdown of WHR linked to risk of cardiovascular health problems.
• Male WHRLess than 0.9 - low risk of cardiovascular health problems
• 0.9 to 0.99 - moderate risk of cardiovascular health problems
• 1 or over - high risk of cardiovascular problems
• Female WHRLess than 0.8 - low risk of cardiovascular health problems
• 0.8 to 0.89 - moderate risk of cardiovascular health problems
• 0.9 or over - high risk of cardiovascular problems
• The WHR of a person is a much better indicator of whether their body weight is ideal and what their risks of
developing serious health conditions are, compared to BMI. Various studies have shown that people with apple-
shaped bodies - who have larger WHRs - have higher health risks compared to people with pear-shaped bodies -
who have lower WHRs. An apple-shaped person will have more fat accumulating on the waist, while a pear-
shaped person has the fat accumulating on the hips.
• A woman with a WHR of less than 0.8 is generally healthier and more fertile than females with higher WHRs. They
are less likely to develop diabetes, most cancers, or cardiovascular disorders. Similarly, men with a WHR no more
than 9 are generally healthier and more fertile than men with higher WHRs, and less likely to develop serious
conditions or diseases.
• Studies indicate that if WHR were to replace BMI as a predictor of heart attack worldwide, figures would include
many more people.

5. CAUSES OF OBESITY
o Poor Diet
o Overeating
o Slow metabolism
o Lack of Physical Activity
o Genetics
o Medical Problems
o Psychological Factors

6. EFFECTS OF OBESITY
• High blood pressure (Hypertension)
• High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, or high levels of triglycerides
(Dyslipidemia)
• Type 2 diabetes
• Coronary heart disease
• Stroke
• Gallbladder disease
• Osteoarthritis (a breakdown of cartilage and bone within a joint)
• Sleep apnea and breathing problems
• Some cancers (endometrial, breast, colon, kidney, gallbladder, and liver)
• Low quality of life
• Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental
disorders
• Body pain and difficulty with physical functioning

7. CONTROL OF OBESITY
• Exerciseregularly.
• Followahealthyeatingplan.
• Knowandavoidthefoodtrapsthatcauseyoutoeat.
• Monitoryourweightregularly.
• Beconsistent.

8. PREVALENCE
-GLOBAL HEALTH OBSERVATORY (GHO) DATA
 Worldwide, at least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of
being overweight or obese, and an estimated 35.8 million (2.3%) of
global DALYs are caused by overweight or obesity.
 The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled between
1980 and 2008. In 2008, 10% of men and 14% of women in the
world were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), compared with 5% for men and
8% for women in 1980. An estimated 205 million men and 297
million women over the age of 20 were obese – a total of more than
half a billion adults worldwide.

9. FOODS INCLUDED
• enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five groups
every day:
• plenty of vegetables, including different types and colours,
and legumes/beans
• fruit
• grain (cereal) foods, mostly wholegrain and/or high cereal
fibre varieties, such as bread, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles,
polenta, couscous, oats, quinoa and barley
• lean meats and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds, and
legumes/beans
• milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or their alternatives, mostly reduced
fat (reduced fat milks are not suitable for children under 2
years)
• drink plenty of water

10. FOODS AVOIDED
• Avoid fad diets that recommend unsafe practices
such as fasting (going without food for long
periods of time) or cutting out entire food groups
such as meat, fish, wheat or dairy products.
• Choose minimally processed, whole foods—whole
grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, healthful sources
of protein (fish, poultry, beans), and plant oils.
• Limit sugared beverages, refined grains, potatoes,
red and processed meats, and other highly
processed foods, such as fast food.