The document discusses antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension. It describes different categories of hypertension based on blood pressure readings and complications like heart failure. It explains mechanisms that control blood pressure like the kidney and baroreceptors. Treatment strategies aim to reduce cardiovascular and renal risks using drug combinations like a thiazide diuretic initially and adding other drugs if needed. Thiazide diuretics are recommended as first-line treatment and their mechanisms and examples like hydrochlorothiazide are provided along with monitoring potassium levels due to potential hypokalemia.

1. Done by B. Mo. Antihypertensive Drugs

2. Intro **************************************************** Arterial BP Cardiac Output Peripheral Resistance Heart Rate Contractility Filling Pressure Arteriolar Volume Blood Volume Venous Tone Hypertension Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) > 140 mmHg > 90 mmHg

3. Cont… **************************************************** Categories of Hypertension Normal ( <120 / <80 ) Prehypertension ( 120-139 / 80-89 ) Stage 1 Hypertension ( 140-159 / 90-99 ) Stage 2 Hypertension ( ≥ 160 / ≥ 100 ) Main Complications Congestive Heart Failure Myocardial Infarction Renal Damage Cerebrovascular Accidents

4. Cont… **************************************************** Types of Hypertension Essential Secondary A disorder of unknown origin affecting the Blood Pressure regulating mechanisms Secondary to other disease processes Environmental Factors Stress Na+ Intake Obesity Smoking

5. Mechanisms for Controlling BP The kidney Aortic arch & carotid sinuses Place of receptors The baroreceptors in the kidney will activate the Renin-Angiotensin-aldosteron system, which will cause: - Vasoconstriction by angiotensin II - renal sodium reabsorption & blood volume by aldosterone A fall in Blood Pressure causes the baroreceptors to send impulses to the cardiovascular centers which will: Sympathetic & parasympathetic output Mechanism Long-term control Rapid, moment-to-moment regulation Responsible for The kidney The sympathetic NS Mediated By Renin-Angiotensin-aldosteron system Baroreflexes

13. Done by B. Mo. THANX,,, BYE BYE :)