Antifungal drugs.pptx
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This document discusses different classes of antifungal drugs including: 1) antifungals like amphotericin B and flucytosine, 2) azoles like imidazoles (clotrimazole, miconazole) and triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole), 3) allylamines like terbinafine, and 4) other topical agents. It provides details on several specific antifungals like their mechanism of action, uses, side effects, contraindications, and formulations. Griseofulvin, clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itra
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Antifungal drugs
Antifungal drugs can be classified into several categories based on their mechanism of action. These include polyenes such as amphotericin B and nystatin, echinocandins like caspofungin, heterocyclic compounds like griseofulvin, antimetabolites such as flucytosine, and azoles including imidazoles, triazoles, and allylamines like terbinafine. Each drug has a different antifungal spectrum and mechanisms of action, such as disrupting fungal cell membranes or inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Common side effects among these drugs include nephrotoxicity, liver dysfunction, and bone marrow depression.
19. ANTI FUNGAL AGENTS - students Copy.ppt
Anti-fungal agents are drugs used to treat superficial and deep fungal infections. They are classified into several categories including polyenes like amphotericin B, azoles like ketoconazole and itraconazole, and allylamines like terbinafine. Amphotericin B is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus and works by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming pores that increase permeability and kill the fungus. Ketoconazole is an oral imidazole that was the first orally effective broad-spectrum antifungal, inhibiting fungal lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase and impairing ergosterol
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This document provides an overview of anti-fungal drugs. It defines anti-fungal medications as fungicides or fungistatics used to treat mycosis (fungal infections). It classifies anti-fungal drugs into several categories including polyenes, echinocandins, azoles, allylamines, and others. For each category, it describes the mechanisms of action, examples of drugs, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and common uses. Key drugs discussed include amphotericin B, griseofulvin, flucytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine. The document explains that anti-fungal drugs work by
Anti fungal agents Bpharmacy 6 semister pdf
Antifungal agents kill or stop the growth of fungi that cause infections. There are several classes of antifungal agents including amphotericin B, nystatin, griseofulvin, and synthetic azoles. Amphotericin B has broad antifungal spectrum and is used for severe, life-threatening fungal infections. Nystatin and natamycin are used for skin and gastrointestinal fungal infections. Griseofulvin is used for fungal infections of the skin and nails. Synthetic azoles like clotrimazole and fluconazole interrupt fungal membrane function or ergosterol production and are used for candidiasis and dermatophytosis.
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Antifungal Agents Final.pptx
This document discusses various types of antifungal agents. It begins by stating that antifungal medicines are used to treat fungal infections affecting the skin, hair, nails, and other areas. There are hundreds of fungi that can cause infections ranging from common issues like athlete's foot to more serious infections. The document then covers the various classes of antifungal drugs including polyenes such as amphotericin B and nystatin, antimetabolites like flucytosine, azoles including imidazoles and triazoles, and allylamines. It discusses the mechanisms of action, common uses, and side effects of representative drugs within each class.
Anti fungal drugs
Antifungal drugs, also known as antimycotics, are used to treat and prevent fungal infections like athlete's foot, ringworm, thrush, and more serious systemic infections. There are different types of antifungal agents that work by various mechanisms. Polyene antibiotics like amphotericin B and nystatin bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, increasing permeability and loss of intracellular contents. Azoles inhibit ergosterol synthesis and have broad antifungal activity. Other classes of antifungals include allylamines, pyrimidines, thiocarbamates, and nonpolyene antibiotics like griseofulvin that inhibit fungal growth.
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Antifungal drugs
Antifungal drugs can be classified into several categories based on their mechanism of action. These include polyenes such as amphotericin B and nystatin, echinocandins like caspofungin, heterocyclic compounds like griseofulvin, antimetabolites such as flucytosine, and azoles including imidazoles, triazoles, and allylamines like terbinafine. Each drug has a different antifungal spectrum and mechanisms of action, such as disrupting fungal cell membranes or inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Common side effects among these drugs include nephrotoxicity, liver dysfunction, and bone marrow depression.
19. ANTI FUNGAL AGENTS - students Copy.ppt
Anti-fungal agents are drugs used to treat superficial and deep fungal infections. They are classified into several categories including polyenes like amphotericin B, azoles like ketoconazole and itraconazole, and allylamines like terbinafine. Amphotericin B is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus and works by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming pores that increase permeability and kill the fungus. Ketoconazole is an oral imidazole that was the first orally effective broad-spectrum antifungal, inhibiting fungal lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase and impairing ergosterol
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The presentation gives an in-depth review of the Anti-fungal drugs used to treat various acute and chronic fungal infections along with their uses and MOA.
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This document provides an overview of anti-fungal drugs. It defines anti-fungal medications as fungicides or fungistatics used to treat mycosis (fungal infections). It classifies anti-fungal drugs into several categories including polyenes, echinocandins, azoles, allylamines, and others. For each category, it describes the mechanisms of action, examples of drugs, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and common uses. Key drugs discussed include amphotericin B, griseofulvin, flucytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine. The document explains that anti-fungal drugs work by
Anti fungal agents Bpharmacy 6 semister pdf
Antifungal agents kill or stop the growth of fungi that cause infections. There are several classes of antifungal agents including amphotericin B, nystatin, griseofulvin, and synthetic azoles. Amphotericin B has broad antifungal spectrum and is used for severe, life-threatening fungal infections. Nystatin and natamycin are used for skin and gastrointestinal fungal infections. Griseofulvin is used for fungal infections of the skin and nails. Synthetic azoles like clotrimazole and fluconazole interrupt fungal membrane function or ergosterol production and are used for candidiasis and dermatophytosis.
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This document discusses various types of antifungal agents. It begins by stating that antifungal medicines are used to treat fungal infections affecting the skin, hair, nails, and other areas. There are hundreds of fungi that can cause infections ranging from common issues like athlete's foot to more serious infections. The document then covers the various classes of antifungal drugs including polyenes such as amphotericin B and nystatin, antimetabolites like flucytosine, azoles including imidazoles and triazoles, and allylamines. It discusses the mechanisms of action, common uses, and side effects of representative drugs within each class.
Anti fungal drugs
Antifungal drugs, also known as antimycotics, are used to treat and prevent fungal infections like athlete's foot, ringworm, thrush, and more serious systemic infections. There are different types of antifungal agents that work by various mechanisms. Polyene antibiotics like amphotericin B and nystatin bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, increasing permeability and loss of intracellular contents. Azoles inhibit ergosterol synthesis and have broad antifungal activity. Other classes of antifungals include allylamines, pyrimidines, thiocarbamates, and nonpolyene antibiotics like griseofulvin that inhibit fungal growth.
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Fungi have cell walls containing chitin and polysaccharides, as well as cell membranes composed of ergosterol. Their similarity to mammalian cells makes antifungal drugs less selective than antibacterial drugs. There are several classes of antifungal drugs that target different parts of the fungal cell, including the cell wall, membrane, and nucleic acid synthesis. Echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of the essential cell wall component glucan, while azoles like fluconazole inhibit ergosterol synthesis. Amphotericin forms pores in the fungal membrane. Care must be taken with antifungal selection and use due to potential toxicity.
Antifungal drugs
This document discusses various classes of antifungal drugs including antifungal antibiotics, antimetabolites, and azoles. It provides details on the mechanism of action, adverse effects, and uses of specific drugs in each class. These include amphotericin B, nystatin, flucytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and others. The document also includes tables listing antifungal drugs used to treat different fungal infections both topically and systemically.
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Anti-fungal medication is used to treat to fungal infections. They most commonly affect our skin, hair and nails .Nowadays skin problems are found very often.
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This document discusses anti-fungal drugs. It begins by defining fungi and describing their characteristics. It then discusses the structure of fungi including their cell wall, cell membrane, and intracellular components. It notes that anti-fungal drugs target the fungal cell wall, cell membrane, DNA/RNA synthesis, and mitosis. The document categorizes anti-fungal drugs and describes several major classes - polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, griseofulvin, and flucytosine. It provides details on several important anti-fungal drugs, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and side effects.
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This document provides information about antifungal agents. It begins with an introduction to fungi and fungal infections. It then discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, and clinical uses of various antifungal drug classes, including azoles, polyenes, allylamines, and echinocandins. Side effects and resistance mechanisms are also covered. The document aims to outline the potential targets and modes of action of different antifungal agents used in clinical practice.
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This document provides information on anti-fungal drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It discusses several major classes of antifungal medications: azoles like fluconazole and itraconazole which inhibit ergosterol synthesis; amphotericin B which binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes; flucytosine an antimetabolite; and griseofulvin which disrupts fungal microtubules. These drugs are used to treat superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and yeasts, as well as more serious systemic mycoses depending on their spectrum of antifungal activity and ability to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations
anti-fungal-180303181604.pptx
This document provides information on anti-fungal drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It discusses several major classes of antifungal medications: azoles like fluconazole and itraconazole which inhibit ergosterol synthesis; amphotericin B which binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes; flucytosine an antimetabolite; and griseofulvin which disrupts fungal microtubules. These drugs are used to treat superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and yeasts, as well as more serious systemic mycoses depending on their spectrum of antifungal activity and ability to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations
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This document provides an overview of antifungal drugs. It begins with an introduction to fungi and fungal infections. It then covers the classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and drug interactions of various antifungal drug classes including azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, allylamines, and antimetabolites. It also discusses the screening of antifungal drugs and factors contributing to the spread of fungal diseases.
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The document discusses various antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections. It describes different types of fungal infections including superficial infections affecting the skin and mucous membranes, and deep infections affecting internal organs. It then classifies and describes several classes of antifungal drugs including antifungal antibiotics like amphotericin B and nystatin, azoles like imidazoles and triazoles, flucytosine, and squalene epoxidase inhibitors. It provides details on mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects of specific antifungal drugs.
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This document discusses antifungal agents used to treat fungal infections. It begins by introducing different types of fungal infections including superficial and deep-seated systemic mycoses. It then classifies and describes various classes of antifungal agents including polyenes like amphotericin B and nystatin, azoles like imidazoles and triazoles, and allylamines. Specific antifungals are discussed within each class along with their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects. Natural antifungals obtained from microbes and their mechanisms are also summarized.
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Antifungal drugs are used to treat fungal infections by preventing fungal growth and reproduction. The document discusses several classes of antifungal drugs including polyenes like amphotericin B and nystatin, azoles like ketoconazole and fluconazole, and others. It describes the mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, clinical uses, and side effects of some common antifungal drugs used in veterinary medicine to treat superficial and systemic fungal infections.
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This document provides information on various antifungal agents including their mechanisms of action, uses, and common side effects. It discusses several major classes of antifungals such as azoles (imidazoles, triazoles), polyenes (nystatin, amphotericin B), allylamines (tolnaftate, terbinafine), and echinocandins (caspofungin). It also summarizes the mechanisms, structures, and structure-activity relationships of individual antifungal drugs like fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, and flucytosine.
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Classification of antifungal drugs
Six groups
1- Antibiotics [ Amphotricin B,(AMB), Nystatin, Greiofulvin]
2- Antimetabolities [ 5- Flucytosine,(5-FC), inhibition nucleic acid synthesis]
3- Azoles: a-Imidazoles: Bifonazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole, Ketoconazole, Miconazol.
b- Triazoles: Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole
Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis.
4- Allylamine [Terbinafine, Naftifine ]
Inhibition of Lanosterol and Ergosterol synthesis.
5- Echinocandins
Inhibit fungal cell wall biosynthesis
6- Miscellaneous Antifungals [ Tolnaftant, Undecylenic acid, Benzoic acid, Ciclopirox olamine. ]
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Fungi have cell walls containing chitin and polysaccharides, as well as cell membranes composed of ergosterol. Their similarity to mammalian cells makes antifungal drugs less selective than antibacterial drugs. There are several classes of antifungal drugs that target different parts of the fungal cell, including the cell wall, membrane, and nucleic acid synthesis. Echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of the essential cell wall component glucan, while azoles like fluconazole inhibit ergosterol synthesis. Amphotericin forms pores in the fungal membrane. Care must be taken with antifungal selection and use due to potential toxicity.
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This document provides an overview of antifungal drugs. It begins with an introduction to fungi and fungal infections. It then covers the classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and drug interactions of various antifungal drug classes including azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, allylamines, and antimetabolites. It also discusses the screening of antifungal drugs and factors contributing to the spread of fungal diseases.
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Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis.
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Drug interaction occurs when the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by another concomitantly administered drug or substance. The object drug whose activity is affected is called the object drug, while the interacting agent is the precipitant. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. Interactions can be undesirable or beneficial. They are caused by multiple factors and occur via pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms that alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the object drug. Consequences can range from minor to life-threatening.
18.ppt
This document discusses drug interactions, which occur when two drugs administered together modify each other's effects. It describes several types of interactions, including pharmacokinetic interactions that affect absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, and pharmacodynamic interactions that occur at receptor sites. Specific drug combinations that can increase risks are provided as examples. The mechanisms of various interactions like enzyme inhibition and induction are explained. It emphasizes the importance of considering potential interactions when patients receive multiple medications from different doctors or have other risk factors.
HOMEOSTASIS.pptx
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition. It involves various mechanisms to regulate key variables such as temperature, fluid balance, and pH levels. Homeostatic control systems use negative feedback loops to detect changes and counteract them to return conditions back to normal. Positive feedback mechanisms can also be involved to accelerate necessary responses like clotting, but these are tightly regulated to avoid harm. Multiple organ systems work in coordination through neural and hormonal signaling to maintain homeostasis.
unit1_general introduction_pharmacology.pptx
This document defines key terms in pharmacology including pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drugs, pharmacotherapeutics, therapeutics, chemotherapy, clinical pharmacology, pharmacy, and toxicology. Pharmacodynamics refers to what the drug does to the body, while pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to the drug in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Drugs are substances used to diagnose, prevent or treat disease. Pharmacotherapeutics uses information from pharmacodynamics to treat disease with drugs, while therapeutics is the practice of treating disease. Chemotherapy and clinical pharmacology also involve the treatment and study of drugs respectively. Pharmacy involves compounding and dispensing drugs,
23.pdf
The document describes the synthesis and testing of novel carboxamide derivatives of 2-quinolones for their antimicrobial and antitubercular activities. A series of 12 derivatives were synthesized by reacting substituted 3-acetyl-1-amino-quinolin-2-one with substituted benzoic acids. The compounds were characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Testing found that several derivatives exhibited promising antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Compounds also demonstrated antitubercular activity when tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results indicate that some of the novel 2-quinolone carboxamide derivatives have potential as antimicrobial and antitubercular agents.
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- 1. Antifungal drugs These are drugs used for superficial and deep(systemic) fungal infection CLASSIFICATION 1. Antibiotics : Amphotericin B (AMB), Nystatin Hamycin, Griseofulvin 2. Antimetabolite : Flucytosine (5-FC) 3. Azoles A. Imidazoles (topical): Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Oxiconazole (systemic): Ketoconazole B. Triazoles (systemic): Fluconazole,Itraconazole, 4. Allylamine : Terbinafine 5. Other topical agents Tolnaftate, , Benzoic acid,, Ciclopirox olamine, Butenafine.
- 3. Griseofulvin • MOA- fungistatic;deposited in keratin precursor cells and is tightly bound to new keratin,and this inceases resistance to fungal invasion. Griseofulvin is active against most dermatophytes,including,Epidermophyton,Trichophyton,Microsporum , etc., but not against Candida and other fungi causing deep mycosis. • USE- fungal infection of hair,nail,foot, dose 125-250mg qid with meals,no topical preparation only oral. • A/E-headache,g.i.t. disturbance,peripheral neuritis rashes,leukopenia Clotrimazole • MOA-inhibit the fungal cytochromeP450 enzyme ‘lanosterol 14demethylase’ impair ergosterol synthesis membrane abnormalities in the fungus. • USE- 1.ring worm 2.oropharyngeal/cutaneous/vaginal candidiasis • A/E- local irritation,stinging and burning sensation • Preparation-candid 1%gel,cream,lotion,powder
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