Antidepraasantd
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Diarrhea occurs more often with sertraline than other antidepressants like bupropion and citalopram. Nausea and vomiting occurs more often with venlafaxine than SSRIs. Sexual dysfunction occurs more often with escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline than with bupropion, especially paroxetine. Somnolence occurs more often with trazodone than other antidepressants like bupropion. Weight gain is greater with mirtazapine than fluoxetine, paroxetine, trazodone, and venlafaxine.
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![drugs [29,32]:
●Diarrhea occurs more often with sertraline
than bupropion, citalopram, fluoxetine,
fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone,
paroxetine, and venlafaxine (16 versus 8
percent of patients)
●Nausea and vomiting occurs more often
with venlafaxine than SSRIs as a class (33
versus 22 percent)
●Sexual dysfunction occurs more often
with escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine,
and sertraline than bupropion (16 versus 6
percent; paroxetine is especially
problematic)
●Somnolence occurs more often with
trazodone than bupropion, fluoxetine,
mirtazapine, paroxetine, and venlafaxine
(42 versus 25 percent)
●Weight gain is greater with mirtazapine
than fluoxetine, paroxetine, trazodone, and
venlafaxine (0.8 to 3.0 kg after six to eight
weeks of treatment)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/antidepraasantd-170225203230/85/Antidepraasantd-1-320.jpg)
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
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Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
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Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
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Olfactory Mucosa:
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Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
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Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
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Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
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Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
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Materials from Pepsico for their presentation at the 2024 CAGNY conference. Made 2/21/24
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Presented 1/4/2024
Visit Albert's List: https://bit.ly/findyournextjob
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Key takeaways:
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• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
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Antidepraasantd
- 1. drugs [29,32]: ●Diarrhea occurs more often with sertraline than bupropion, citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, and venlafaxine (16 versus 8 percent of patients) ●Nausea and vomiting occurs more often with venlafaxine than SSRIs as a class (33 versus 22 percent) ●Sexual dysfunction occurs more often with escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline than bupropion (16 versus 6 percent; paroxetine is especially problematic) ●Somnolence occurs more often with trazodone than bupropion, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, and venlafaxine (42 versus 25 percent) ●Weight gain is greater with mirtazapine than fluoxetine, paroxetine, trazodone, and venlafaxine (0.8 to 3.0 kg after six to eight weeks of treatment)