Antibiotics used in dentistry
Terminologies
History
Classification of antibiotics
Principles of antibiotics use
Commonly used antibiotics
Drug interaction
Drug combination
Antibiotic resistance
Summary
Antibiotics used in dentistry
Terminologies
History
Classification of antibiotics
Principles of antibiotics use
Commonly used antibiotics
Drug interaction
Drug combination
Antibiotic resistance
Summary
This fresh lecture explain the basics of antibiotic prescription, and common interactions, clinical use, and dosages. It is written to level of undergraduate mind
This easy and fresh lecture explain to undergraduate and newly-graduated dentists an important topic in dentistry, pain-relievers. Analgesics are used very often in dentistry and a clinical guide seems necessary.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
12 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY seminar 12.pptxsneha
This PowerPoint presentation offers a concise yet technical overview of antibiotic therapy. Dive into antibiotic mechanisms, classifications, indications, and prudent use. Master essential aspects of antibiotic therapy for informed clinical decision-making.
This fresh lecture explain the basics of antibiotic prescription, and common interactions, clinical use, and dosages. It is written to level of undergraduate mind
This easy and fresh lecture explain to undergraduate and newly-graduated dentists an important topic in dentistry, pain-relievers. Analgesics are used very often in dentistry and a clinical guide seems necessary.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
12 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY seminar 12.pptxsneha
This PowerPoint presentation offers a concise yet technical overview of antibiotic therapy. Dive into antibiotic mechanisms, classifications, indications, and prudent use. Master essential aspects of antibiotic therapy for informed clinical decision-making.
Antibiotics are most common therapeutic agents used in hospitals across world, however, microbial world is becoming resistant day by day, posing special challenges to clinicians specially working in ICU set ups. There are multiple ways to curb this menace, if approached together in antibiotic stewardship way, can bring about wonders and retain therapeutic potentials of these drugs.
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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3. Definition :
Agents that used to treat bacterial infection
, either by killing or inhibiting growth of
bacteria .
4. Penicillin Discovered—by Accident :
n 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin
while he was investigating staphylococcus
a Penicillium mold spore had been accidentally
introduced into the medium—perhaps coming in
through a window, or more likely floating up a
stairwell from the lab below where various molds
were being cultured
7. 1) Drug resistance :
Result as :
Prolonged treatment
Interrupted course
Inadequate dose
Abuse of drug
8. 2) Super infection :
Broad spectrum antibiotics or prolong using of
antibiotic disturb bacterial flora and leading to
microorganisms over growth for example :
Over growth of candida in oral cavity leading
candida infection
9. 3) Drug toxicity :
Chloramphenicol bone marrow
depression
Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity
Tetracycline teeth discoloration
Streptomycin deafness
18. Narrow spectrum antibiotic : kills bacteria of a
narrow range, For example, penicillin will kill
streptococci and oral anaerobic bacteria but will
have little effect on the staphylococci of the skin
and GIT bacteria.
Broad spectrum antibiotic : as amoxicillin-
clavulanate (Augmentin) are broad-spectrum
antibiotics, inhibiting not only streptococci and
oral anaerobes it has an effect on skin and GIT
bacteria
20. Time-dependent antibiotics : exert bactericidal effect when
drug concentrations are maintained above the minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) , concentrations are
maintained at 2 to 4 times the MIC throughout the dosing
interval , higher concentrations do not result in greater kill
of organisms
Concentration-dependent antibiotics : achieve increasing
bacterial kill with increasing levels of drug , bactericidal
action continues for a period of time after the antibiotic level
falls below the MIC , concentrations of at least 10 times the
MIC are needed for optimal bactericidal effect
29. Antibiotics are not recommended for :
1) Gingival diseases
2) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
3) Chronic periodontitis
4) Periodontal abscess
Antibiotics In Periodontology :
30. Indication of Antibiotics In Endodontic
cases :
An antibiotic should be prescribed in when there
are :
1) systemic signs and symptoms of infection :
presence of a fever ,malaise, cellulitis ,unexplained
trismus and progressive swelling
2) progressive/persistent spread of infection
31. Antibiotics are not recommended for healthy
patients with :
1) symptomatic pulpitis,
2) symptomatic apical periodontitis
3) draining sinus tract
4) localized swelling of endodontic origin
5) following endodontic surgery
Antibiotics In Endodontic :
32. Indication Of Antibiotic In Oral Surgery
cases :
1) Cellulitis
2) progressive swelling
3) Medically compromised patient
4) Severe pericoronitis
5) Osteomyelitis
6) Involvement of fascial spaces
33. Antibiotic In Oral Surgery :
Antibiotics are not recommended :
1) Dry socket
2) Mild pericoronitis
3) Minor vestibular abscess
4) Chronic localiezed abscess
39. 1) Identify of the pathogen:
Most orofacial infections involve predictable organisms.
Clinicians should therefore have knowledge of the
microbiology of orofacial infections.
41. Aerobic 6 % of all odontogenic infections
Anaerobic bacteria alone are found in 44% of
odontogenic infections.
50% of odontogenic infections s caused by mixed
anaerobic and aerobic bacteria
42. Most likely etiological agent in relation
to most common oral infection :
In pericornitis : anaerobic alpha-hemolytic
streptococci
Amoxicillin proved to be highly effective
In aggressive periodontitis : Anaerobic
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
doxycycline proved to be highly effective
43. Most likely etiological agent in relation
to most common oral infection :
In chronic periodontits : Anaerobic Fusobacterium
Micromonas micros
combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole is a reasonable
choice
in periapical abscess : Anaerobic Fusobacterium
PenicillinVK is the antibiotic of choice
45. 3. Tissue penetration :
Ability of antibiotic to reach the site of infection and
Depending on
properties of antibiotic is antibiotic lipid solubility
presence of inflammation , in acute infection increase
micro vascularity while opposing in chronic state
Adequacy of blood supply
47. 4) Antimicrobial safety :
Avoid antibiotic with serious effect , β-
lactam antibiotics, especially penicillins ,
are generally considered safe.
For patients allergic to penicillin, the best
choice is
clindamycin.
Clindamycin is a narrow-spectrum
antibiotic
48. 5) Patient factors :
The systemic use of antibiotics in pregnant
women involves an evaluation of risk versus
benefit.
Medically compromised patients need long time .
49. 6) Pharmacokinetic :
the level of drug absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract varies between individuals.
various factors can affect drug absorption
50. 7) Cost :
The cost of therapy may be an important factor in
determining the antibiotic regimen.
52. following factors should be considered:
1) Route of administration
2) Dose
3) Duration of therapy
53. 1) Route of administration:
Antibiotics are commonly administrated orally
because
it is easy
non-painful
cost effective.
Antibiotics should be administrated parentral :
in patients with trismus
difficulty in swallowing.
54. 2) Dose :
Most infections can be managed with a standard
dosage of antibiotic.
55. 3) Duration :
. Once antibiotic therapy starts, the antibiotic
should be administrated for an adequate period
Antibiotic treatment is recommended for an
additional 2–3 days after clinical resolution of an
infection has occurred to avoid recurrence.
57. 1) Renal insufficiency :
Initial and Maintenance Dosing in Renal Insufficiency.
The initial dose is unchanged, and the maintenance
dose/dosing interval are modified .
Alternative: Use antibiotic eliminated/inactivated by the
hepatic route in usual dose.
Doxycycline or clindamycin may preferred
58. 2) Hepatic Insufficiency :
Decrease total daily dose of hepatically-
eliminated antibiotic by 50% in presence of
clinically severe liver disease.
Alternative: Use antibiotic
eliminated/inactivated by the renal route in usual
dose.
Decrease dose of renally-eliminated antibiotic by
50% and
maintain the usual dosing interval.
59. Major Route of Elimination :
Hepatobiliary
Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
Renal
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Most b-lactams
b-lactam/b-lactamase
inhibitors
63. Intravenous vs. Oral Switch
Therapy
switched to equivalent oral therapy after clinical
improvement (usually within 72 hours).
Advantages of early IV-to-PO switch programs :
reduced cost
less need for home IV therapy
virtual elimination of IV line infections
68. 2) With Oral contraceptive
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Will affect the re-absorption of estrogen.
69. Metronidazole interaction :
with alcohol
disulfiram-like reaction which include nausea,
vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing headache,
chest and abdominal discomfort.
70. Tetracyclines interaction :
with Antacids Lower serum levels of
tetracyclines
With Milk Reduced tetracycline absorption
With ACEIs Reduced serum levels of tetracyclines
(lisinopril, enalapril , …)
75. patient should be carefully monitored for
response to treatment and complications
Should be evaluate :
body temperature
trismus
swelling,
patient’s subjective feelings of improvement
77. Culture & Senstivity testing :
1) Rapid onset of severe infection and its rapid
spread
2) Postoperative Infection. if a patient had no
signs of infection when the original surgery
was done but returns 3 or 4 days later with an
infection
3) Infection that does not resolve as expected.
4) Recurrent Infection
80. References :
1) Contemporary Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery
Textbooks
2) Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery By Lars Anderson ,
Karl-erik Kahnb, M. Anthony (Tony) Pogrel Textbooks
3) Scully’s Medical Problems In Dentistry Textbooks
4) Ingle’s Endodontics Textbooks
5) Antibiotic Essentials Textbooks
6) Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology