This document discusses green building design, construction, and worker safety issues associated with green technology. It begins with definitions of green building and discusses LEED green building design standards. It then covers the role of OSHA in ensuring worker safety and challenges in developing safety standards that keep pace with new technologies. Specific worker safety risks from green building technologies are discussed. The document argues that integrating worker safety into green design from the early planning stages can help address safety issues proactively.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on environmental and sustainable issues. It discusses topics like passive and active hybrid building designs, sustainable building materials, renewable energy technologies, green building codes and standards, and more. It also includes sections on specific sustainable building certification programs like LEED and SEED. Additional topics covered include bioclimatic principles, the economic benefits of green buildings, whether they are more expensive to build and operate, and case studies of sustainable building projects.
Green buildings have gained popularity in recent years due to their economic and environmental benefits. While they have higher initial costs, studies have shown that green buildings reduce energy costs by 30% on average and increase productivity. Productivity gains are largely due to improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and indoor air quality (IAQ) in green buildings, which provide better lighting, ventilation, and air flow. A case study of a building in Pennsylvania found productivity increased by over 60% after improvements to IEQ. Green buildings also use 30% less energy on average due to better insulation and efficiency. While requiring more research and controls, green buildings can provide long term savings and benefits if properly designed and monitored.
Green buildings have gained popularity in recent years. While they have higher initial costs than traditional buildings, studies have shown that green buildings reduce energy costs by 30% on average and increase productivity. Productivity gains are largely due to improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in green buildings, which provide better lighting, airflow, and temperature control. A case study of a building in Pennsylvania found productivity increased by over 60% after improving IEQ standards. Green buildings also use 30% less energy on average due to better insulation and efficiency. While the upfront costs of green buildings are higher, the long term savings on energy and increases in productivity outweigh the initial investment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an overview of eco-labels. It defines eco-labels as labels given to products that are deemed more environmentally friendly than similar products based on criteria set by certification bodies. Eco-labels aim to make it easier for consumers to consider the environmental impact of products when shopping. Several examples of eco-label programs are described, including the Blue Angel program in Germany, the Nordic Eco Label, and the EU Eco Label. Benefits of eco-labeling include informing consumers, promoting more sustainable production and consumption, and guiding the market toward greater environmental protection.
This document provides an overview of green building concepts, design principles, and practices. It discusses how green buildings are designed and constructed to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of resources and healthier, more productive spaces. Key aspects covered include orientation, daylighting, water and energy management systems, sustainable materials, and HVAC strategies. Green building certification programs like LEED provide standards to measure sustainability performance. When properly designed and constructed, green buildings can cost less to operate while achieving excellent energy efficiency.
Covers the fundamentals of residential green building. Topics include fundamentals of life-cycle analysis, energy conservation as the foundation of green building, energy & resource efficient design details, the fundamentals of building envelope design, more environmentally-friendly alternatives to conventional building materials, water conservation and design for durability. The discussion will also cover the basics of project planning, green building economics, including rebate & incentive programs, and maintaining indoor air quality during the construction process. Time permitting, there will be a brief discussion of construction waste management and Universal Design. This program is intended for homeowners and professionals alike, and no prior construction experience is required.
The document provides an environmental impact assessment for installing green roofs on the NYU Polytechnic campus. Green roofs would provide multiple environmental benefits such as reducing air pollution, absorbing heat to reduce building energy costs for cooling and heating, managing stormwater, and increasing roof longevity. The proposed action is to install an extensive green roof system, requiring little maintenance, on the roof of one campus building. Extensive green roofs are estimated to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while providing other sustainability benefits. The assessment will evaluate impacts to land use, socioeconomics, open space, and other environmental factors.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on environmental and sustainable issues. It discusses topics like passive and active hybrid building designs, sustainable building materials, renewable energy technologies, green building codes and standards, and more. It also includes sections on specific sustainable building certification programs like LEED and SEED. Additional topics covered include bioclimatic principles, the economic benefits of green buildings, whether they are more expensive to build and operate, and case studies of sustainable building projects.
Green buildings have gained popularity in recent years due to their economic and environmental benefits. While they have higher initial costs, studies have shown that green buildings reduce energy costs by 30% on average and increase productivity. Productivity gains are largely due to improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and indoor air quality (IAQ) in green buildings, which provide better lighting, ventilation, and air flow. A case study of a building in Pennsylvania found productivity increased by over 60% after improvements to IEQ. Green buildings also use 30% less energy on average due to better insulation and efficiency. While requiring more research and controls, green buildings can provide long term savings and benefits if properly designed and monitored.
Green buildings have gained popularity in recent years. While they have higher initial costs than traditional buildings, studies have shown that green buildings reduce energy costs by 30% on average and increase productivity. Productivity gains are largely due to improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in green buildings, which provide better lighting, airflow, and temperature control. A case study of a building in Pennsylvania found productivity increased by over 60% after improving IEQ standards. Green buildings also use 30% less energy on average due to better insulation and efficiency. While the upfront costs of green buildings are higher, the long term savings on energy and increases in productivity outweigh the initial investment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an overview of eco-labels. It defines eco-labels as labels given to products that are deemed more environmentally friendly than similar products based on criteria set by certification bodies. Eco-labels aim to make it easier for consumers to consider the environmental impact of products when shopping. Several examples of eco-label programs are described, including the Blue Angel program in Germany, the Nordic Eco Label, and the EU Eco Label. Benefits of eco-labeling include informing consumers, promoting more sustainable production and consumption, and guiding the market toward greater environmental protection.
This document provides an overview of green building concepts, design principles, and practices. It discusses how green buildings are designed and constructed to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of resources and healthier, more productive spaces. Key aspects covered include orientation, daylighting, water and energy management systems, sustainable materials, and HVAC strategies. Green building certification programs like LEED provide standards to measure sustainability performance. When properly designed and constructed, green buildings can cost less to operate while achieving excellent energy efficiency.
Covers the fundamentals of residential green building. Topics include fundamentals of life-cycle analysis, energy conservation as the foundation of green building, energy & resource efficient design details, the fundamentals of building envelope design, more environmentally-friendly alternatives to conventional building materials, water conservation and design for durability. The discussion will also cover the basics of project planning, green building economics, including rebate & incentive programs, and maintaining indoor air quality during the construction process. Time permitting, there will be a brief discussion of construction waste management and Universal Design. This program is intended for homeowners and professionals alike, and no prior construction experience is required.
The document provides an environmental impact assessment for installing green roofs on the NYU Polytechnic campus. Green roofs would provide multiple environmental benefits such as reducing air pollution, absorbing heat to reduce building energy costs for cooling and heating, managing stormwater, and increasing roof longevity. The proposed action is to install an extensive green roof system, requiring little maintenance, on the roof of one campus building. Extensive green roofs are estimated to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while providing other sustainability benefits. The assessment will evaluate impacts to land use, socioeconomics, open space, and other environmental factors.
Materials Matter - Construction Materials and their Environmental CostsThink Wood
This presentation will show how the life cycle assessment makes it easier for architects to incorporate environmental considerations into their building material selection. It will discuss the life cycle impacts of wood, concrete and steel and demonstrate that over its life cycle, wood is better for the environment than steel or concrete in terms of embodied energy, air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this presentation will highlight the advances each industry is making toward sustainability.
This document outlines a seminar on sustainable housing and green building. The learning objectives are to summarize how real estate agents can assist consumers with green building resources and options, differentiate between sustainable and green building concepts, identify tipping points that have led to greater green awareness, and explain the value of life cycle analysis for green materials. Key topics covered include the role of real estate agents in green building, sustainable building concepts, quantifiable rating systems, and new responsibilities related to green building standards and tax incentives.
Green building aims to reduce environmental impacts through efficient resource use, protection of occupant health, and reduction of waste and pollution. It focuses on siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and demolition to lessen impacts on human health and the environment. Globally, buildings are responsible for large shares of energy, water, and materials consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Green building practices and technologies aim to cut these impacts by optimizing principles like energy efficiency, water efficiency, and materials selection.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجي...Galala University
As sustainability is becoming more and more a familiar topic in engineering practice and education, the problem remains on how to achieve sustainability in front of client, cost and construction industry challenges. The lecture proposes the integration of sustainability in design process, education and legislation. The lecture focuses on sustainability strategies that can be incorporated in practice and design process. The goal is to make sustainability an integral part of practice that influences both design and construction stages. Other attempts should be made to make sustainability an integral part of legislation and education.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of buildings in the United States and provides information on green building certification and LEED. It then summarizes a legal case involving a failed condo development project in Florida that was intended to be LEED certified but encountered financial difficulties.
Sustainable architecture and green design (passive design)cagrihank
The document discusses sustainable architecture and green buildings. It defines sustainable architecture as using minimum energy and resources while minimizing environmental damage. It recommends considering land ecology, community consultation, health, materials, energy efficiency, and water efficiency in green building design. It also discusses passive design strategies and green building certification systems like LEED and BREEAM. Finally, it provides examples of green building case studies and their sustainable features.
Green building materials aim to reduce environmental impact and promote sustainability. Some key green building materials include wool bricks, sustainable concrete containing recycled materials, and paper insulation made from recycled paper. Selection criteria for green building materials include factors like durability, embodied energy, and toxicity. Fundamental green building principles center around efficient structure design, energy/water use, materials selection, and waste reduction. Several notable green building projects in India employ strategies like natural ventilation, greywater systems, and solar power to lessen environmental impact.
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that evaluates the performance and cost of developing ecological and sustainable scientific research institutions and buildings. It discusses how current development is reducing biodiversity by paving over natural landscapes. Green building design aims to integrate energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, and use of renewable materials to minimize environmental impacts. Such eco-friendly buildings have become attractive due to operational savings from reduced energy and water usage. The document then examines a proposed expansion of the NCR-Biotech Science Cluster in India following sustainability guidelines regarding daylighting, solar energy, waste management, and ecological sensitivity. It analyzes water, electricity, and HVAC usage and cost savings from implementing sustainable practices.
A Green Building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or re-used in anecological and resource efficient manner.
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses concepts and methods for creating energy efficient buildings. It begins by outlining the problems caused by fossil fuel usage, such as environmental degradation and climate change. Buildings account for a large portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The document then reviews literature on the benefits of energy efficient buildings, including positive impacts on the environment and health, cost savings over time, and reduced water usage. It advocates designing buildings to maximize renewable energy sources like sunlight, utilize energy efficient materials and practices, and implement water and resource conservation techniques. The overall goal is to meet energy needs while minimizing environmental impacts.
The document discusses green buildings and provides an overview of their fundamentals, principles, projects in India, and benefits. It notes that green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact and use resources efficiently. Some key points include that the Indian Green Building Council promotes green building standards and certification programs, and that green buildings provide environmental, economic, and social benefits such as reduced operating costs, improved health and productivity, and protection of natural resources and biodiversity.
The document discusses green buildings and their benefits. It defines green buildings as structures that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their energy, water, and materials use over the lifetime of the building. Green buildings can help reduce environmental impacts, protect health, and lower costs. They incorporate sustainable materials and efficient systems to lessen pollution and resource usage. The document outlines some key characteristics of green buildings and sustainable materials. It also describes various benefits of green buildings, such as environmental, economic, and social advantages.
This was presented to Sterling Education Group's "Landlord / Tenant Law" program in New Orleans, LA, in February 2010. The topic focused on the growth of green building in Louisiana and across the country, an overview of green building principals, and the concept of green leases.
This document discusses green buildings and sustainable design concepts. It begins by defining green buildings and their key features, such as their orientation for optimal sunlight and wind. It then discusses sustainable real estate development and how green buildings aim to balance environmental, social and economic sustainability. Green buildings conserve energy and resources, have less waste and impact on the environment. Rating systems like LEED have emerged to evaluate green buildings. Chennai, India has over 45 green certified structures due to the benefits of reduced costs and construction time. The five key elements of green building projects are discussed - sustainable site design, water conservation, energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and conservation of materials.
Green buildings aim to minimize environmental impact, maximize health and comfort, and reduce operating costs over the lifetime of the building. The principles of green building include minimizing resource consumption and pollution throughout construction and use. Potential benefits include reduced lifetime costs, improved energy efficiency, healthier indoor environments, and increased occupant productivity. While initial costs may be higher, the operating cost savings over the building's lifetime typically outweigh the initial investment. Green building practices can be applied to both air-conditioned and non-air conditioned structures.
Materials Matter - Construction Materials and their Environmental CostsThink Wood
This presentation will show how the life cycle assessment makes it easier for architects to incorporate environmental considerations into their building material selection. It will discuss the life cycle impacts of wood, concrete and steel and demonstrate that over its life cycle, wood is better for the environment than steel or concrete in terms of embodied energy, air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this presentation will highlight the advances each industry is making toward sustainability.
This document outlines a seminar on sustainable housing and green building. The learning objectives are to summarize how real estate agents can assist consumers with green building resources and options, differentiate between sustainable and green building concepts, identify tipping points that have led to greater green awareness, and explain the value of life cycle analysis for green materials. Key topics covered include the role of real estate agents in green building, sustainable building concepts, quantifiable rating systems, and new responsibilities related to green building standards and tax incentives.
Green building aims to reduce environmental impacts through efficient resource use, protection of occupant health, and reduction of waste and pollution. It focuses on siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and demolition to lessen impacts on human health and the environment. Globally, buildings are responsible for large shares of energy, water, and materials consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Green building practices and technologies aim to cut these impacts by optimizing principles like energy efficiency, water efficiency, and materials selection.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجي...Galala University
As sustainability is becoming more and more a familiar topic in engineering practice and education, the problem remains on how to achieve sustainability in front of client, cost and construction industry challenges. The lecture proposes the integration of sustainability in design process, education and legislation. The lecture focuses on sustainability strategies that can be incorporated in practice and design process. The goal is to make sustainability an integral part of practice that influences both design and construction stages. Other attempts should be made to make sustainability an integral part of legislation and education.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of buildings in the United States and provides information on green building certification and LEED. It then summarizes a legal case involving a failed condo development project in Florida that was intended to be LEED certified but encountered financial difficulties.
Sustainable architecture and green design (passive design)cagrihank
The document discusses sustainable architecture and green buildings. It defines sustainable architecture as using minimum energy and resources while minimizing environmental damage. It recommends considering land ecology, community consultation, health, materials, energy efficiency, and water efficiency in green building design. It also discusses passive design strategies and green building certification systems like LEED and BREEAM. Finally, it provides examples of green building case studies and their sustainable features.
Green building materials aim to reduce environmental impact and promote sustainability. Some key green building materials include wool bricks, sustainable concrete containing recycled materials, and paper insulation made from recycled paper. Selection criteria for green building materials include factors like durability, embodied energy, and toxicity. Fundamental green building principles center around efficient structure design, energy/water use, materials selection, and waste reduction. Several notable green building projects in India employ strategies like natural ventilation, greywater systems, and solar power to lessen environmental impact.
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that evaluates the performance and cost of developing ecological and sustainable scientific research institutions and buildings. It discusses how current development is reducing biodiversity by paving over natural landscapes. Green building design aims to integrate energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, and use of renewable materials to minimize environmental impacts. Such eco-friendly buildings have become attractive due to operational savings from reduced energy and water usage. The document then examines a proposed expansion of the NCR-Biotech Science Cluster in India following sustainability guidelines regarding daylighting, solar energy, waste management, and ecological sensitivity. It analyzes water, electricity, and HVAC usage and cost savings from implementing sustainable practices.
A Green Building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or re-used in anecological and resource efficient manner.
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses concepts and methods for creating energy efficient buildings. It begins by outlining the problems caused by fossil fuel usage, such as environmental degradation and climate change. Buildings account for a large portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The document then reviews literature on the benefits of energy efficient buildings, including positive impacts on the environment and health, cost savings over time, and reduced water usage. It advocates designing buildings to maximize renewable energy sources like sunlight, utilize energy efficient materials and practices, and implement water and resource conservation techniques. The overall goal is to meet energy needs while minimizing environmental impacts.
The document discusses green buildings and provides an overview of their fundamentals, principles, projects in India, and benefits. It notes that green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact and use resources efficiently. Some key points include that the Indian Green Building Council promotes green building standards and certification programs, and that green buildings provide environmental, economic, and social benefits such as reduced operating costs, improved health and productivity, and protection of natural resources and biodiversity.
The document discusses green buildings and their benefits. It defines green buildings as structures that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their energy, water, and materials use over the lifetime of the building. Green buildings can help reduce environmental impacts, protect health, and lower costs. They incorporate sustainable materials and efficient systems to lessen pollution and resource usage. The document outlines some key characteristics of green buildings and sustainable materials. It also describes various benefits of green buildings, such as environmental, economic, and social advantages.
This was presented to Sterling Education Group's "Landlord / Tenant Law" program in New Orleans, LA, in February 2010. The topic focused on the growth of green building in Louisiana and across the country, an overview of green building principals, and the concept of green leases.
This document discusses green buildings and sustainable design concepts. It begins by defining green buildings and their key features, such as their orientation for optimal sunlight and wind. It then discusses sustainable real estate development and how green buildings aim to balance environmental, social and economic sustainability. Green buildings conserve energy and resources, have less waste and impact on the environment. Rating systems like LEED have emerged to evaluate green buildings. Chennai, India has over 45 green certified structures due to the benefits of reduced costs and construction time. The five key elements of green building projects are discussed - sustainable site design, water conservation, energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and conservation of materials.
Green buildings aim to minimize environmental impact, maximize health and comfort, and reduce operating costs over the lifetime of the building. The principles of green building include minimizing resource consumption and pollution throughout construction and use. Potential benefits include reduced lifetime costs, improved energy efficiency, healthier indoor environments, and increased occupant productivity. While initial costs may be higher, the operating cost savings over the building's lifetime typically outweigh the initial investment. Green building practices can be applied to both air-conditioned and non-air conditioned structures.
A Review Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Building ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses retrofitting existing institutional buildings into green buildings. It provides definitions of retrofitting and green retrofitting. Retrofitting can help prolong the life of existing buildings in a cost-effective way. Green retrofitting includes enhancing energy and water efficiency through measures like improving insulation, HVAC systems, and using sustainable materials. While upfront costs may be higher for green retrofits, there are significant long-term savings through reduced energy and maintenance costs. The document reviews several studies on the costs and benefits of green retrofitting existing buildings. More research is still needed to fully quantify the environmental, economic, and social impacts of green retrofits.
This document is Rishikesh Chhedilal Gupta's submission for their B.Sc. in Construction Practices degree. It covers green building and sustainability. The 16-page document includes an abstract on green buildings in India, sections on topics like the benefits of green buildings, sustainability, and green building certification levels. It also provides examples of green building projects in India and images of green buildings. The submission has certificates of approval from the university and Rishikesh's declaration that the work is their own.
This document discusses green buildings and strategies to promote their adoption. It begins by outlining how the building industry is a major contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions globally. It then defines green buildings as those that are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly compared to conventional buildings. The document reviews various strategies that can be used in green buildings to reduce energy consumption, such as improving lighting efficiency, temperature control, passive design, and reducing waste. It also discusses criteria and rating systems used to evaluate the sustainability and performance of green buildings. Overall, the document aims to promote greater awareness and adoption of green building concepts and practices.
STUDY OF GREEN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING IN CHAKAN MIDCIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on green industrial buildings in Chakan MIDC, Pune, India. It discusses the benefits of green buildings, including reduced operational costs through energy and water efficiency. It then focuses on the specific case study of KSH Chakan Park II, an industrial park that has been EDGE certified for its sustainable design. This includes energy efficient lighting and windows, water recycling systems, and use of sustainable materials. The park aims to lower environmental impacts and costs for businesses while creating a healthy work environment through increased greenery. In conclusion, the authors argue that green parks like KSH Chakan can play an important role in responsible development and benefit both businesses and future generations.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...IRJET Journal
The document discusses green and energy saving technologies in building construction. It defines green buildings as those that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their resource use over their entire lifecycle. Green buildings aim to optimize resource and energy usage. The document outlines various green building aspects like energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable materials, indoor environmental quality and others. It also discusses common assessment methods for green buildings like LEED and GRIHA. Key drivers for adopting green technologies are listed as environmental concerns, energy cost savings, government policies and health/well-being benefits. Some misconceptions around and barriers to green building are also presented.
Green building construction for sustainable futureAlexander Decker
This document provides an overview of green building construction in India. It discusses how green building is becoming more popular in India to promote sustainable development as the economy and infrastructure grow rapidly. Two main green building rating systems used in India are LEED, adapted from the international system, and GRIHA, developed for India's conditions. So far over 200 buildings have received LEED certification and several have received GRIHA certification. The benefits of green buildings discussed include 25-30% reduced energy consumption, lower costs, improved employee productivity and health. Widespread awareness and training are still needed for green building practices to be adopted more widely.
This document discusses the relationship between lean construction and green/sustainable construction. It defines lean construction as a new production philosophy that aims to eliminate waste and maximize productivity and value. Green construction aims to minimize environmental impacts during construction. The document argues that lean principles which reduce waste can help achieve more sustainable impacts. It examines how lean tools and methods at different construction phases can contribute to green goals like energy efficiency and reduced costs. In conclusion, applying lean thinking can help drive the construction industry toward more sustainable practices.
The document discusses green buildings and the LEED rating system. It defines a green building as one that reduces negative impacts on the environment through efficient energy and water use, renewable energy, pollution reduction, and use of sustainable materials. It describes features of green buildings and explains that any building type can be green. It then outlines the benefits of green buildings for the environment, economics, and social factors like health. The document concludes by describing the LEED rating system and its credit categories that evaluate location, sustainable sites, water and energy efficiency, materials, indoor quality, innovation and process.
TRANSFORMING TO SUSTAINABLE BUILDING AND COST ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS FOR GREE...IAEME Publication
In today's era of urbanization, the environment has been disturbed by human beings. Environmental imbalance is produced because of various activities created by us. The construction industry is performing an enormous role in this. While building procedures and after construction because of faulty preparation, pollution is produced in addition to many natural resources being wasted or exploited. A green Building design offers solutions to problems and contributes to keeping the surroundings clean, green, and eco-friendly. The green building momentum began in 1990 with the establishment of 1st green rating system - BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Method) in the U.K., then after followed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) in 1993 led a rating system' LEED' (Leadership in Energy & Environment Design). The green building and sustainable development moment is an entirely new environmentally friendly lifestyle that is steadily emerging worldwide and in India. In India, the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) started in 2001 with its rating and certification process. In the current research of current building taking advantage of the unlimited resource, e.g., utilizing sunlight through photo-voltaic tools and led lighting effects, numerous additional methods to transform the structure on the green building and also concentrates on the beneficial results, as well as results after the structure, is changed to green building, Case 1: The study is conducted on Residential complex of G+3 buildings having total flats of 27nos, Situated in dist.- Thane, state - Maharashtra Case 2: The project deals with studying the case study of g+4 storey building eco-friendly ideas, a set case in point of an eco-friendly building that could well be healthy for the people inside in addition to exterior.
A green building is one that minimizes environmental impact through resource efficient design, construction, and operation. An integrated design process considers interrelationships between building systems to optimize performance. Setting clear environmental goals early in the process helps ensure the green potential is realized cost effectively.
Effects of Construction Materials to Achieve Sustainable BuildingsDr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper pursues to study the challenges to applied sustainable building resources in building construction and to evaluate the factors influencing the choice of construction materials with respect to the concepts of sustainability. The research purpose was accomplished in two parts; in the first part, a conceptual study to establish the reasons why sustainable building resources are restricted usage in construction, and in the second part a conceptual study on sustainable building resources and their properties.
In order to encourage sustainability in design and construction, several countries have developed an understanding of sustainable development for buildings.
In order to decrease the negative environmental effects of buildings, the construction industry has created sustainable building approaches, where buildings play an important role in greenhouse gases, massive energy, and water use and large land use are important.
Ecological design involves designing houses, offices, or other facilities in a way that decreases the ecological impact, that means sustainable buildings, Where the careful equilibrium among economic, environmental, and social well-being of the currency and communities and therefore of the earth looks to sustainability at current. In order to evaluate the degree of sustainability practices, sustainability evaluation systems were established for effective performance at the top level of qualified systems. In sustainable buildings, accredited standards and checklists will be planned, built, and run.
Green construction or sustainable building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
Green building, or sustainable design, is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials, and of reducing impacts on human health and the environment for the entire lifecycle of a building. Green-building concepts extend beyond the walls of buildings and include site planning, community and land-use planning issues as well.
The growth and development of our communities have a large impact on our natural environment. The manufacturing, design, construction, and operation of the buildings in which we live and work are responsible for the consumption of many of our natural resources.
IRJET- Study of Green Building Over Conventional BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study comparing green buildings to conventional buildings. It finds that green buildings are more energy efficient, have lower operating and maintenance costs, provide improved occupant comfort and health, and have a lower environmental impact over their lifecycle compared to conventional buildings. The study establishes an integrated construction process to help partners successfully implement green building practices and technologies during project development. Key benefits of green buildings identified include reduced energy and water usage, lower greenhouse gas emissions, less construction waste, and protection of natural habitats and wildlife.
This document defines green buildings and sustainable site design. It discusses that green buildings aim to preserve and restore the environment through efficient land and resource use. While some green materials cost more, integrating cost-effective technologies can result in comparable costs to conventional buildings. It is important to decide to build green early in the design process to maximize benefits. The document then outlines setting goals, hiring experienced designers, using integrated design, and focusing on site design, water, energy, indoor environment, and materials conservation.
This document discusses ventilation in green buildings. It defines ventilation as the removal of indoor gases and volatile matter through natural or mechanical means to improve indoor air quality. Natural ventilation uses pressure differences to move air through openings, while mechanical ventilation uses fans. A hybrid system combines both. Proper ventilation is important for occupant health and comfort in green buildings. International standards provide guidelines for ventilation rates and parameters like climate, infiltration rates, and building height that influence ventilation design. Green building rating systems like LEED and GRIHA in India evaluate ventilation among other criteria.
Selecting appropriate sites, reducing environmental impacts, and improving
connectivity and accessibility.
2) Energy Efficiency (EE)
Purpose: Reducing energy consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy.
Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) civejjour
The green building concept is becoming more and more popular these days because these are considered
as environment friendly building. The government is taking appropriate steps in implementation of green
building concepts by providing increase in Floor area ratio. They are making action plan on climate
change on sustainable habitats by proposing smart city concepts. Further in addition to that BEE is
putting their effort on appliance labelling programme which helps in appraisal and clearance of large
construction projects. Several corporate organizations, institutions and construction companies are now
practising green building concept in the construction
Similar to Anthony Linka Green Building Design, Construction, and Safety BCN4709C (20)
Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ)
Anthony Linka Green Building Design, Construction, and Safety BCN4709C
1. Running head: GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 1
Green Building Design, Construction, and Safety:
Building ‘Green’ and Worker Safety Issues Associated With Green Technology.
Anthony Linka
Everglades University
2. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 2
Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews definitions of green building, green building design, the
role of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in green building design, the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) role in worker safety and green design,
and ways in which worker safety can be integrated into green design concepts. LEED rating
systems are used to provide examples and an outline of OSHA CFR 29 Part 26 is given as
reference. The process of creating a safety standard within the OSHA framework is detailed and
the inability to keep up with current safety demand is covered. Worker risks in green building
are discussed and solutions are presented to integrate safety within green design.
3. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 3
Green Building Design, Construction, and Safety:
Building Green and Worker Safety Issues Associated With Green Technology.
The construction industry is a constantly evolving collaboration of professionals formed
by an individual or a corporation for the purpose of creating an idea. Owners, architects,
engineers, interior designers, general contractors, subcontractors, and tradesman all play a
specific role in the process of constructing a project and while these roles may continue to be
constant, the projects continue to evolve into higher efficiency, complex, facilities capable of
providing multiple uses within a single structure. One driving force behind this evolution is the
desire to increase the building’s usable life, while reducing the energy consumed through
construction and operation of the building. This process has given rise to the term ‘green
building’.
New technology has created more efficient building systems, better indoor working
conditions, self-sustaining processes, renewable resources, and reduced the impact construction
has on the environment, however as technology moves forward at a rapid pace, the methods of
integrating this new technology into the construction process lags behind. Many systems require
installations that have not been accomplished previously. This can make the installations very
dangerous for the workers and tradesman, as proper safety protocols may not yet have been
developed for the specialized situation or system. The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), was created in 1970 to assure safe and healthy working conditions by
creating specific standards and by providing training and assistance (U.S. Department of Labor,
2014). Through this agency, specific standards have been established for the safe
accomplishment of almost all activities conducted on a construction site; however, the process of
4. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 4
creating and enforcing new standards is a slow and time-consuming one. As technology races
forward and new construction practices emerge, safety is often a casualty of progress. This
paper discusses green building, OSHA, and the integration of safety into green design.
Green Building
First, we need to start by defining what green building is. This can be a very complicated
process. Green building is not simply defined as a style of architecture, or by the types of
materials used during construction. To be truly ‘green’ the entire process from design through
construction and the use of the building by the final occupants needs to be evaluated and all these
components must work collaboratively towards the end result. The end result being a building or
group of buildings that is energy efficient, environmentally responsible, designed to provide a
high-quality indoor environment for the occupants, reduces the impact of the development on the
surrounding areas, and able to sustain these qualifications throughout the life-cycle of the
building itself. The World Commission (1987) defined this process as “sustainable development
seeks to meet the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability to meet
those of the future” (p. 39). These qualifications can be equally hard to quantify. Without a
measurable standard of comparison, a cost-benefit analysis is the most logical formula available
to quantify and qualify ‘green’ standards. Benefits can be categorized into three types: direct,
indirect, and reduction.
These benefits are defined by Kwong (2004) as the following: direct cost savings are
economic savings that are directly gained by the building owner through reduced initial
construction cost, reduced energy consumption, lower maintenance requirements, and
deferred replacement. Indirect gains are benefits to users of the building. The last
5. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 5
category is reduced environmental externalities, which are negative impacts on the
environment resulting from constructing and operating the facility, for which the facility
does not have to pay. (p. RI102)
While energy consumption may be somewhat easier to quantify through comparison to
similar buildings, without the combined effort of the occupants and maintenance staff, the
efficiency of the buildings systems will not reach the designed preconstruction levels. How does
one quantify and qualify environmental responsibility? Using recycled materials and diverting
construction waste from landfills, can be quantified but these are very small components of a
building’s life cycle. Reducing the developments impact on the surrounding area is probably the
most difficult to quantify. One could argue that the least impact a project could have on the
surrounding area is to leave the area undeveloped. Every project is going to have some type of
impact on the surrounding areas. Reducing stormwater runoff and reducing the heat-island effect
generated by the building can be accomplished through careful design of the building and the
surrounding landscape. Sustainability is the key to green building. Design and construction are
to very small parts of a building’s life cycle. Operations and maintenance will comprise the
majority of the building’s useful life and it is through these that the building will truly become
green.
Green Design
As with any project, green building starts with an idea or need of an owner. From the
very start of the project life, the owner needs to be committed to the green building process.
Designing the project to be ‘green’ can be a difficult process. Balancing initial cost with life
cycle savings can be a daunting task. There are any number of checklists and criteria developed
6. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 6
to promote ‘green’ design and construction. In May of 2001, Environmental Building News
published a list of priorities associated with green building. These priorities are listed in order of
return on investment. The following list summarizes these priorities:
1. Save energy – design and build energy efficient buildings.
2. Recycle buildings – utilize existing buildings and infrastructure instead of developing
open space.
3. Create community – design communities to reduce dependence on the automobile and to
foster a sense of community.
4. Reduce material use – optimize design to make use of smaller spaces and utilize materials
efficiently.
5. Protect and enhance the site – preserve and restore local ecosystems and biodiversity.
6. Select low-impact materials – specify low-environmental impact, resource-efficient
materials.
7. Maximize longevity – design for durability and adaptability.
8. Save water – design buildings and landscapes that are water-efficient.
9. Make the building healthy – provide a safe and comfortable indoor environment.
10. Minimize construction and demolition waste – return, reuse, and recycle job site waste.
11. Green up your business – minimize the environmental impact of your own business
practices, and spread the word. (Wilson, Malin, & Yost, Establishing priorities with green
building, 2001)
The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) has developed a very precise
method of sustainable design with its Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)
program. Through LEED certification, the building’s design and operations are set against
7. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 7
specific criteria. These criteria will drive the design of the building, not aesthetically but
functionally.
LEED
The United States Green Building Council developed the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) rating system as a way to standardize the qualification of
sustainability. LEED rating systems are divided into five categories. Each category covers a
type of project, allowing LEED to remain applicable to all types of projects from entire
neighborhood development to a small office remodel. The five categories into which LEED is
divided are: Building Design and Construction (BD+C), this category covers new building
construction and major renovations; Interior Design and Construction (ID+C), covering interior
spaces within a larger facility in which the tenant does not control; Operations and Maintenance
(O+M), covering improvements to the existing building’s energy systems; Neighborhood
Development (ND), covering multiple buildings, with mixed uses, set within or developing a
community; and Homes, which covers multifamily or single family residential units. (LEED
rating systems, 2014)
Each of these rating systems contains a set of credits, which through an accumulation of
credit points the project can achieve levels of certification. There are four levels of certification:
Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Certified. Using the version 4 rating system for new construction
and major renovations under the BD+C category, a project earning 40-49 points is considered
Certified, 50-59 points, Silver, 60-79 points, Gold, and 80 points and above Platinum. The
credits themselves are also categorized by how they integrate into the design. Focusing on the
main goals of green building, these categories cover the entire design, construction, and
8. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 8
operation of the building or project. Again, using the version 4 rating system for new
construction and major renovations under the BD+C category, the credit categories are Location
and Transportation, Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Material &
Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation, and Regional Priority. (LEED credit
library, 2014) Some of the categories, such as sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and
atmosphere, material and resources, and indoor environmental quality carry prerequisites that
earn no points but must be achieved to be considered for certification, thus setting the baseline
for comparison to conventional construction projects.
Green Building vs. Conventional Construction
The comparison of green buildings to conventionally built buildings continues to fuel the
debate on green benefits. Green methods and materials are largely unproven and generally cost
significantly more than the same products not categorized as green. However, what makes a
product green? In addition, how does it compare to a conventional product? Green products
generally need to conform to certain design qualities before they can be considered green. Some
of these criteria are quite complicated such as reducing the amount of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) emitted by the given product and others are simpler such as the product
containing a given percentage of post-consumer waste recycled content. Comparing these green
products to conventional products for the same use will determine the value in choosing a green
product over a conventional one. Using low VOC paint on the interior of the building might be a
requirement, however on the exterior conventional coatings could be considered. Steel used in
the construction of the superstructure might already contain post-consumer waste recycled
material and a conventional product might not be available. These types of green products
coupled with systems designed to reduce energy usage throughout the building are what
9. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 9
sustainable design concepts are working toward. When comparing operating costs of green
building to conventional buildings the energy savings stands out as the most obvious benefit to
building green and the data is there to prove it, “green buildings commonly use less than half as
much energy as their conventional counterparts, and some green buildings consume less than a
quarter as much energy” (Wilson, Making the case for green building, 2005).
As comparisons continue and benefits are weighed, there is one area of green building
that seems to have taken a back seat to the conversations, worker safety. In the United States,
the Department of Labor established OSHA to protect workers and to require all employers to
provide a safe and healthy workplace. The next section discusses OSHA, the impacts OSHA has
on the construction of a building and how OSHA standards and rules are created.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
In 1970, Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which created the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA covers almost all private
employers and their workers. OSHA creates safety standards by which all workers must abide,
sets criteria for safety provisions that must be provided by employers, and enforces these
regulations through site inspections, fines and training. OSHA created a separate set of rules and
regulations specifically for the construction industry. These rules and regulations are part of a
set of standards included in 29 CFR Part 1926. This section covers virtually every activity
performed on a construction jobsite. These standards are divided into 29 specific sections with
numerous standards defined within each section. The sections included in 29 CFR Part 1926 are:
Subpart A. General
Subpart B. General Interpretations
10. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 10
Subpart C. General Safety and Health Provisions
Subpart D. Occupational Health Environmental Controls
Subpart E. Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment
Subpart F. Fire Protection and Prevention
Subpart G. Signs, Signals, and Barricades
Subpart H. Material Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal
Subpart I. Tools – Hand and Power
Subpart J. Welding and Cutting
Subpart K. Electrical
Subpart L. Scaffolds
Subpart M. Fall Protection
Subpart N. Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors
Subpart O. Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations
Subpart P. Excavations
Subpart Q. Concrete and Masonry
Subpart R. Steel Erection
Subpart S. Tunnels and Shafts, Caissons, Cofferdams, and Compressed Air
Subpart T. Demolition
Subpart U. Blasting and Use of Explosives
Subpart V. Power Transmission and Distribution
Subpart W. Rollover Protective Structures; Overhead Protection
Subpart X. Stairways and Ladders
Subpart Y. Commercial Diving Operations
11. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 11
Subpart Z. Toxic and Hazardous Substances
Subpart AA. Reserved for future use.
Subpart BB. Reserved for future use.
Subpart CC. Cranes and Derricks in Construction (U.S. Department of Labor, 2014)
Though the extensiveness of these standards helps to ensure worker safety at all times the
process for amending and adding standards is a lengthy and time-consuming one. The process
consists of several steps, which at a minimum could take almost five years to complete and in
some cases up to twelve and a half years to accomplish. The first stage of the rule making
process is Making the Decision: Conducting preliminary rulemaking activities, this stage takes
anywhere from twelve to thirty-six months. Stage 2, developing the proposed rule, is a twelve to
thirty-six month process after which the proposed rule is published taking two to three months.
Stage 4 is a six to twenty-four month process in which the proposed rule is subjected to public
comments and hearings. After this period, the final rule is developed. A process taking eighteen
to thirty-six months. Upon final development, the final rule is published taking two to three
months. The final stage of rule development includes a four to twelve month period in which
compliance guides are published and legal action is resolved. (The OSHA rule making process,
2012) With the steps outlined above, it is virtually impossible for OSHA to remain current with
safety regulations involving new technologies. While many of OSHA’s standards have been
proven to cover installation methods and technologies as they develop and change, the possibility
and likelihood of deficiencies in the standards remain. Keeping worker safety a top priority,
other solutions than can keep pace with the fast paced construction industry need to be
addressed. The next section will discuss some of the safety issues workers face when working
on green projects and the steps being taken to develop procedures to reduce potential risks.
12. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 12
Safety and Green Building
Worker safety is an essential component that needs to be seamlessly integrated into green
design. There are a number of ways of accomplishing this. Green design is an integrative
process. During the early design process when professionals are chosen to collaborate on a
project, the addition of a safety, health and environmental (SH&E) professional can ensure
worker safety will be addressed throughout the design process. As SH&E professionals are
involved throughout the building process their role can become two fold. The safety and health
side can “provide information to top management on issues such as total recordable cases, lost
workday cases and workers compensation” (Taubitz, 2010, p. 40), while the environmental side
can provide key insight into green requirements. Design teams can also be mindful of the risks
associated with their design. For example: large daylighting windows can cause injuries to
workers during installation because of their size and weight. Air conditioning systems can
increase a workers potential for falls based on the installation.
With new construction technologies, come new and increased risks. EU-OSHA (2013)
defines these risks as:
• A risk that did not previously exist and is caused by new processes, new
technologies, new types of workplace, or social or organizational change
• A long standing issue is newly considered as a risk due to a change in social or
public perceptions
• New scientific knowledge allows a long-standing issue to be identified as a risk
• The number of hazards leading to the risk is growing
• The likelihood of exposure to the hazard leading to the risk is increasing
13. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 13
• The effect of the hazard on workers’ health is getting worse (Green jobs and
occupational safety and health: Foresight on new and emerging risks associated
with new technologies by 2020, pp. 20-21)
LEED and Safety
Design can play a large role in consideration of worker safety. In the design of green
buildings, LEED is often the framework with which the design team works. There have been
some recent discussions of adopting a safety-rating system and incorporating it into existing
LEED rating systems to ensure worker safety as part of the green design process. These
discussions have been met with both positive and negative feedback.
Donna Heidel, the Prevention through Design (PtD) Program Coordinator for National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), told Inside OSHA that it would
probably be most effective to incorporate safety criteria into the existing LEED system
(Administrator, 2010)
Another source however, provided some concern over the integration of safety into the
LEED rating systems.
LEED’s measures have been trending heavily toward energy efficiency, and health and
safety measures are not dealt with very effectively in LEED right now. (Administrator,
2010)
As the debate over how safety should be implemented wages on, the process of
integrating safety seems to fall back on the designers and builders. Builders are reminded that
OSHA standards represent the minimum protections to be afforded to their workers and that a
14. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 14
comprehensive safety program dealing with green technologies, methods and materials should be
implemented by builders who wish to pursue such avenues. Designers are encouraged to include
safety consideration in the system design. Recently, there has been some encouraging progress
toward establishing safety guidelines in green building design. According to Matt Gillen, deputy
director in the NIOSH Office of Construction Safety and Health, “a team at the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health is developing worker protection measures that would be part
of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building code.” (NIOSH
team to reccomend worker safety requirements in LEED green building certification, 2012)
Conclusion
Designing, constructing and operating a building is a major undertaking. Years of design
and work will go into the completion of a building before it is occupied. Understanding all the
effort put into this process, one can see how worker safety could be overlooked. This however,
is not an acceptable result. Worker safety needs to be at the forefront of building design and
construction practices. Green or traditional, safety is a concern. With OSHA’s inability to adapt
to the current trends and adopt standards applied to green building practices in a timely manner,
another option needs to present itself. Integrating safety rules and regulations into green design
is a viable solution. According to Gambatese, Rajendran, & Behm, (2007) “if current green
design and construction practices have negative effects on worker safety and health, those
concerns can be mitigated through the integration of the sustainable construction safety and
health concept within green design and construction practices.” (p. 35) The sustainable
construction safety and health concept is an intriguing solution to quantifying worker safety.
This concept mirrors sustainable building by which the World Commission (1987) defined as
“sustainable development seeks to meet the needs and aspirations of the present without
15. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 15
compromising the ability to meet those of the future” (p. 39). Sustainable construction safety
and health “concept aims to sustain the construction worker’s safety and health 1)from start to
finish of a single project; 2)for each future project in which the worker is involved; and 3) during
the workers remaining lifetime after retirement, without any injuries or illnesses as a result of the
construction work.” (Gambatese, Rajendran, & Behm, 2007, p. 34)
As rules and regulations are written, enforced, and debated, safety can be maintained
throughout green building, by applying the same concepts to worker safety as to the building
design.
16. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND SAFETY 16
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