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 Primary schools had reputation of being the
lowest form of schooling available
 Wealthier people refused to pay taxes to
educate the poor's children
 This led to increased illiteracy
one-room schoolhouse
Cramped conditions
 Teachers were ill-trained
 Emphasis more on discipline than learning
 Students learned only the basics
 Pay taxes to maintain democracy
Tax-supported public education soared
between 1825 and 1850
Horace Mann thought education was
rudimentary at best
 Improved conditions for schools and
teachers
 Punishment was unforgiving
 In 1830 debtors forced to
serve time in prison (holes in the
ground)
 Criminal codes allowed for
unnecessary harshness
 People with mental illnesses
were shunned from society
 Debtors’ prisons no longer
tolerated
 More lenient criminal codes
 Fewer people charged with capital
offenses
 Prisons becoming reformatories
Dorothea Dix fought for better
treatment of mentally ill
 Made people more aware of foul
conditions and treatment in
institutions
Life difficulties led people from
virtually every
background to drink
Religious ideals
threatened by “impurity”
 1826 brought American Temperance
Society (Boston)
 Dedicated to spreading
awareness about harms of alcohol
 Urged drinkers to practice
temperance through use of
pictures, pamphlets, and public speeches
 Also tried to recruit children
(“Cold War Army”)
Build people up to
resistance with smaller
doses of alcohol
moderation rather than
total elimination
 Encouraged self-control
Legislation could remove
alcohol entirely
Neal S. Dow thought
drastic action was
necessary
Maine Law of 1851
prohibited sale of
alcohol
 Grew unpopular with the
states
 Women treated as slaves
 Expected to subordinate themselves
 Unable to vote, have ownership of name, or own
property
 Perceived as helpless, fragile, and weak
 “At risk” when learning
 Caretakers and nurturers
 Showed sensibility but not strength
pigeon-holed
 Women fighting for temperance,
abolitionism, etc.
 Large number were revivalists (2nd
GA)
 1848 – Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca
Falls, New York
 Women came together to protest for
their rights
Elizabeth Stanton: Declaration of
Sentiments
 kick-started the movement
Pictures:
[http://educationcurrents.com/WordPress/?
p=108]
[http://www.enotes.com/topic/Oberlin_Colleg
e]
[http://coffeeblackandcigarettes.wordpress.c
om/page/23/?archives-list&archives-
type=cats]
[http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/mcw/d
oc2.htm]
[http://www.constitutioncenter.org/timeline/
html/cw04_11985.html]
Info:
http://www.u-s-
history.com/pages/h1091.html
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/lincolns/w
world/es_antebellum.html
http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistor
y/units/8/
The American Pageant

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Antebellum reform movements 2