Answering Essential Question 3
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A single infected cell can spread infection throughout the body and to other organisms. If a cell is infected by a virus, it will reproduce and spread the infection to surrounding tissues. As more tissues become infected, organs and organ systems will also become infected, eventually infecting the entire organism. An infected person can then transmit the infection through contact with others, allowing it to potentially spread worldwide among humans and other species. Though small, a single infected cell has the ability to broadly impact living things from the individual level to the global scale.
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A single infected cell can multiply and spread infection to other cells in an organism. The infection can then be transmitted between people through contact, spreading through a community and potentially worldwide. In this way, a tiny infected cell can affect larger scales of organization from the organism to the global level.
Please ansere the following questions to design this in detailPre.pdf
Please ansere the following questions to design this in detail:
Pretend you are a particularly evil synthetic biologist, designing a pathogen for world
domination. design a superbug. Create a caricature of it.
-which part of the body will it infect and why?
-How will it evade the immune system?
-How will it steal resources from the human body?
-How will its progeny get to the next human after the first one dies?
Solution
-which part of the body will it infect and why?
A pathogen (a superbug) is always going to invade our tissue systems including immune cells of
immune system because the pathogen is going to have antigenic sites complimentary to immune
cell receptors
-How will it evade the immune system?
It will invade the immune system by binding to the receptors of immune cells for example, toll
like receptors (TLRs)
-How will it steal resources from the human body?
Some superbugs are going to synthesis of \"pathogen mediated polymerases\" to synthesize their
own protein molecules finally to build their cell membrane
-How will its progeny get to the next human after the first one dies?
The replication of pathogens of cell divisions of superbugs are mediated by the pathogen-
mediate enzymes result in formation numerous \"superbug particles\" that infect new cells by
binding to the cell surface receptors.
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Essential Question 3
A single infected cell can multiply and spread infection to other cells in an organism. The infection can then be transmitted between people through contact, spreading through a community and potentially worldwide. In this way, a tiny infected cell can affect larger scales of organization from the organism to the global level.
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Monerans are single-celled organisms that exist anywhere life can be found and can survive in extreme temperatures and pressures. They lack nuclei but some have flagella for movement. Bacteria are a type of moneran that feed on dead or decaying matter and living things, and are classified by shape. Blue-green bacteria contain chlorophyll and can produce their own food through photosynthesis. Monerans reproduce through binary fission under ideal conditions every 20 minutes. Viruses are tiny fragments of genetic material wrapped in a protein capsule that reproduce by taking over host cells and forcing them to produce more viruses until the host cell bursts. Communicable diseases spread via direct or indirect contact when bacteria or viruses enter the body and cause
Immunity
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It explains that immunity is the body's ability to fight off pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. It describes the different lines of defense - the innate immune system which uses physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the adaptive immune system including B cells, T cells, macrophages and lymphocytes that produce antibodies and remember each pathogen. It provides details on antigens, antibodies, active and passive immunity.
Living things - Luna
All living things go through life cycles involving birth, growth and death. They carry out three main life processes: nutrition through consuming food, sensitivity to their environment, and reproduction to produce offspring of the same species. Living things can be classified as unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells, and include the simplest microorganisms, fungi, and human beings which are made up of many specialized cells.
Viruses are those biological entities which are intermediate between.pdf
Viruses are those biological entities which are intermediate between living and non-living.
Outside the host, they are non-living. Even in non-living state they can survive for millions of
years. So, there is no strategy in the world which will prove fatal to virus\' future in the world.
Second, viruses have a protein capsid and genetic material. There is no machinery like mitosis,
proofreading etc. in their body which will maintain their capsid and genetic material as it is. In
fact, their genetic material is highly subject to mutation depending on the host they infect. So, no
matter what immune mechanisms human evolve, there is no immune mechanism which will
combat these unknown parasites. Humans can only prevent the spread of some viruses, most of
which are those that had previously attacked humans; but for new viruses, humans will not be
able to develop immune system. So, complete protection is impossible.
Third, disease does not confer any kind of protection or survival to the virus. In fact the virus has
to leave this host and infect a new healthy host.
So, it is true that viruses cause disease accidently, but this does not mean that viruses\' future is at
stake because of this. Viruses will survive till the date biological world will survive.
Solution
Viruses are those biological entities which are intermediate between living and non-living.
Outside the host, they are non-living. Even in non-living state they can survive for millions of
years. So, there is no strategy in the world which will prove fatal to virus\' future in the world.
Second, viruses have a protein capsid and genetic material. There is no machinery like mitosis,
proofreading etc. in their body which will maintain their capsid and genetic material as it is. In
fact, their genetic material is highly subject to mutation depending on the host they infect. So, no
matter what immune mechanisms human evolve, there is no immune mechanism which will
combat these unknown parasites. Humans can only prevent the spread of some viruses, most of
which are those that had previously attacked humans; but for new viruses, humans will not be
able to develop immune system. So, complete protection is impossible.
Third, disease does not confer any kind of protection or survival to the virus. In fact the virus has
to leave this host and infect a new healthy host.
So, it is true that viruses cause disease accidently, but this does not mean that viruses\' future is at
stake because of this. Viruses will survive till the date biological world will survive..
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