Poison is defined as a substance that causes injury, illness, or death through chemical or other activity when introduced to a living organism. Venomous animals are capable of delivering toxins through biting or stinging using specialized glands, while poisonous animals contain toxic tissues throughout their bodies without a delivery mechanism. Examples of dangerous terrestrial and marine animals are provided, including snakes, spiders, scorpions, fish, jellyfish, and frogs. Case studies describe incidents where a couple in India allegedly died from snake bites under suspicious circumstances, and an 18-year-old reptile lover in Texas committed suicide by intentionally allowing a cobra to bite him repeatedly.

1. ANIMAL
POISON
BY:AAKEFA KHAN
M.Sc. II YEAR
GUIDED BY: DR.
SHRIHARI SANAP

2. WHAT IS POISON?
Poison is defined as a substance which when introduced
into a living organism causes injury, illness or death by
chemical activity or other activity. The living organisms
that carry poison are called poisonous animals. They
could be poisonous plant or venomous/poisonous
animals found either on land or in water .

3. Animal toxins are roughly divided
into venoms and poisons
 Venomous Animal is capable of producing a
poison in a highly developed gland or group of
cells and can deliver the toxin by biting or
stinging.
 Poisonous Animal contains tissues that are,
in whole or part, toxic and there is no
mechanism to deliver the poison.

4. TERRESTRIAL ENVENOMINGS
REPTILES
LIZARD
 KOMODO DRAGON
 Venom is complex mixture of
serotonin and neurotransmitter .
 Secretes venom from glands in
its mouth.
 Its venom is less effective on humans
than on its prey.
 GILA MONSTER
 Venom is a complex mixture with
helothermine.
 Relies on grooves of teeth to conduct the
flow of venom.
 Leads to intense pain and dropping of
blood pressure.

5. SNAKES
 KING COBRA
 It is a longest venomous Snake.
 Venom is less toxic compare to other
venomous snake but inject more venom
than others.
 One bite can cause death of human
within 15min .
 INLAND TAIPAN
 It is the worlds most venomous
Snake.
 Venom is neurotoxin and is 200-
400 times more toxic than cobra.
 Can kill human in as little as
45mints.

6. ARTHROPODS
SPIDER
 THE BRAZILIAN
WANDERING SPIDER
 It has appeared in the Guinness book of
world records 2007 for the most
venomous spider responsible for human
deaths.
 Venom is neurotoxin only 0.006mg can
kill mouse.
 Bite cause intense pain, uncomfortable
erections.
SCORPION
 DEATH STALKER
SCORPION
 Venom is a powerful cocktail of
neurotoxins.
 It causes an intense and unbearable pain
then fever followed by coma and death.
 Young children, the old, infirm are at the
biggest risk.

7. MARINE ENVENOMINGS
 BLUE –RINGED
OCTOPUS
 It is very small only the size of golf
ball, but its venom is very
powerful.
 It carries enough poison to kill 26
human within minutes, there is no
antidote.
 Bite is painless but deadly
neurotoxins begin working
immediately.
 STONEFISH
 It is the most venomous fish in
the world.
 Venom causes severe pain with
shock and paralysis and tissue
death.

8.  BOX JELLYFISH
 Its toxins attack the heart, nervous
system, and skin cells.
 Venom is overpoweringly painful, that
human victim go straight into shock, and
drown or die of heart failure.
 There is no chance to survive unless
treated immediately with vinegar.
 Puffer fish
 Its meat is a delicacy in Japan but
its skin and certain organs are
poisonous to humans.
 Its poison produces rapid and
violent death causes deadening of
tongue and lips.
 There is no known Antidote ,death
happen when untrained people
catch and prepare fish.

9.  MARBLED CONE SNAIL
 One drop of its Venom is powerful
enough to kill more than 20 humans.
 True purpose of its venom is to catch its
prey.
 Symptoms of a cone snail sting can start
immediately or can be delayed in onset
for days.
 There is no Antivenom.
 POISON DART FROG
 The 2inch long poison dart frog has
enough venom to kill 10 adult human.
 Only 2microgram of this lethal toxin
is capable of killing a human or other
mammal.
 It keeps their poison in their skin and
will kill anybody who touches or eats
it.

10. CASE STUDIES
 A senior citizen couple succumbed after allegedly being bitten by a poisonous
snake near Kalamb in Yavatmal district. Ganpatrao and his wife Sarita Ballewar were
heading in their private four-wheeler to Mahur temple when the incident is supposed
to have taken place. What is baffling the police is that their driver did not inform the
family of the incident nor did he seek medical assistance anywhere. Instead, he drove
back home five hours later with the dead bodies. The bodies were sent to
Government Medical College and Hospital for post mortem. The post mortem report
from Government Medical College's forensic department had remarks about the
'prick marks' in the middle of the anterior portion of the right forearms of the couple
with reddish swelling in the section about injuries. Ganpatrao owned substantial
property. A source from Buti Bori police told that the case was weakened as the
forensic experts could not strongly support theory of murder by snake bite. Buti Bori
police had slapped the charges of murder against Ballewars' youngest son Nirbhay. A
contract of Rs 5 lakh was offered, by Nirbhay to eliminate his parents with whom he
was engaged in dispute over property. But the trial court acquitted the alleged
perpetrators. Because the investigations had several loopholes and could not prove
the charges against the perpetrators.

11. In July 2015, a Texas teenager found dead in his vehicle outside a Lowe's parking lot
in Austin, Texas committed suicide by cobra. Grant Thompson, 18, apparently allowed
the snake to bite him repeatedly, causing his death. A later autopsy revealed no
evidence that Thompson tried to stop the snake from biting him. Death reportedly
occurred within about thirty minutes, due to paralysis and respiratory failure caused by
the snake's venom. Thompson had “several bites” on his arms, the autopsy revealed.
The medical examiner's report stated that the bites “appeared to be intentional injection
sites.” The report also states that Thompson had a history of “suicidal ideation.”
Thompson worked at his family's pet shop in Temple, Texas. He was said to be a reptile
lover. When his body was found at the Lowe's in Austin, his car door was open and the
cobra was missing from its container. It was later found dead on a nearby road after
having been run over.