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Why VitalismWon’t Die; or
  Refactoring Agency
          Mike Travers
        mt@hyperphor.com
http://omniorthogonal.blogspot.co
                m

                         RefactorCamp 2012
Trained in the
  mechanist/reductionist tradition
• The world consists of physical objects and
  forces
• This is theoretically enough to explain
  everything
• Success story: molecular biology
• Not-so-successful story: AI
Vitalism / Animism
• Mechanism violates people’s
  commonsense intuitions (eg free will)
• Not going to get into this tired debate
• Old, more or less discredited theories of
  “life force”
My nagging itch
• Despite its unscientificness,
• There’s something in vitalist and similar
  theories that we need to pay attention to.
How to be a vitalist at MIT
• I cheated -- with the epistemological /
  metaphorical turn
• How do people understand the world, and
  computers, and systems?
• Through a wide variety of metaphors
  including
  – Animate Metaphors
  – Agents
  – Programming by creating networks of agents
Distributed Agency
•   Minsky’s Society of Mind
•   EO Wilson’s Ant Colonies
•   Hewitt’s Actor Model of Computation
•   Agre& Chapman’s Situated Action
Vivarium Project
(Apple and MIT)
Other neo-vitalists
• Christopher Alexander
  from Pattern Language to a radical
  metaphysics of the living
• Bruno Latour and followers
  A democracy of objects
Refactoring Agency

‘In the case of ... potato chips, it seems appropriate to
regard the hand’s actions as only quasi- or semi-
intentional, for the chips themselves seem to call forth, or
provoke and stoke, the manual labor…To eat chips is to
enter into an assemblage in which the I is not necessarily
the most decisive operator”
   -- Bennett, Vibrant Matter
Refactoring the grammar of
               agency
I ate the potato chips.

   The potato chips were eaten by me.

        The potato chips compelled me to eat them



   I ate the potato chips.
                 The potato chips eta me.
                                  ???
So what?
• We are increasingly embedded in complex
  networks of sociotechnology
• How do we make sense of it?
• We need to be able to analyze systems
  through simultaneous application of a variety
  of cognitive systems:
  – Mechanical
  – Tool
  – Agency
• Software has goals of its own, whether we
  acknowledge it or not
End

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Refactoring Agency

  • 1. Why VitalismWon’t Die; or Refactoring Agency Mike Travers mt@hyperphor.com http://omniorthogonal.blogspot.co m RefactorCamp 2012
  • 2. Trained in the mechanist/reductionist tradition • The world consists of physical objects and forces • This is theoretically enough to explain everything • Success story: molecular biology • Not-so-successful story: AI
  • 3.
  • 4. Vitalism / Animism • Mechanism violates people’s commonsense intuitions (eg free will) • Not going to get into this tired debate • Old, more or less discredited theories of “life force”
  • 5. My nagging itch • Despite its unscientificness, • There’s something in vitalist and similar theories that we need to pay attention to.
  • 6. How to be a vitalist at MIT • I cheated -- with the epistemological / metaphorical turn • How do people understand the world, and computers, and systems? • Through a wide variety of metaphors including – Animate Metaphors – Agents – Programming by creating networks of agents
  • 7. Distributed Agency • Minsky’s Society of Mind • EO Wilson’s Ant Colonies • Hewitt’s Actor Model of Computation • Agre& Chapman’s Situated Action
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Other neo-vitalists • Christopher Alexander from Pattern Language to a radical metaphysics of the living • Bruno Latour and followers A democracy of objects
  • 12.
  • 13. Refactoring Agency ‘In the case of ... potato chips, it seems appropriate to regard the hand’s actions as only quasi- or semi- intentional, for the chips themselves seem to call forth, or provoke and stoke, the manual labor…To eat chips is to enter into an assemblage in which the I is not necessarily the most decisive operator” -- Bennett, Vibrant Matter
  • 14. Refactoring the grammar of agency I ate the potato chips. The potato chips were eaten by me. The potato chips compelled me to eat them I ate the potato chips. The potato chips eta me. ???
  • 15. So what? • We are increasingly embedded in complex networks of sociotechnology • How do we make sense of it? • We need to be able to analyze systems through simultaneous application of a variety of cognitive systems: – Mechanical – Tool – Agency • Software has goals of its own, whether we acknowledge it or not
  • 16. End