PPT for ANES 1501 Module 7

2. • Recognize the hazards to the patient in the operative
environment.
• Distinguish among the support services that work with the
OR team in the care of the patient.
• Review the type of air-handling system required in the OR
and the temperature and humidity required to maintain a
sterile field.
• Indicate cleaning procedures, traffic patterns, and routines
required in the operative environment.
• Analyze the role of the surgical technologist in the
protection of self, patients, and others from hazards in the
operative environment.
• Recognize the design types of the OR.
• Classify hospital departments that relate to surgical services.
• Recognize the working environment of the OR.
• Determine the physical components of the OR.
C
A
R
E

3. • Race track
• Hotel
• Specialty grouping
• Based on Efficiency
– Environmental control
– Traffic control
– SSI

4. • Unrestricted
• Semi-restricted
• Restricted
• Instrument Room
• Utility/Decontamination Room
• Substerile
• Direct Support Services

5. • Equipment
– Outlets: Electrical; Gas & Suction outlets
– Lights
– View Box for CTs, MRIs, etc…
– Operating table
• Furniture
– Back table
– Mayo Stand
– Ring Stand
– Kick Buckets
– Hamper
– Suction sets
– Anesthesia cart

6. • Surfaces
Walls
– Nonporous
– Easy to clean with an antimicrobial
– Fireproof
– Waterproof
– Nonglare
– Nonreflective
– Nonoffensive color
Cabinets/Doors (preferably recessed)
– Nonporous
– Waterproof
– Easily accessible

7. • Ventilation System
– Laminar air flow - positive pressure air flow keeps
airborne bacteria at minimal levels.
– Hepa filters
– Regulated Temperature
• Between 65 – 75⁰F
• prevent patient hypothermia
– Regulated Humidity
• Below 60 % to reduce bacterial growth

8. Substerile Room
Provides:
• Flash sterilization for equipment
• Scrub sink
• Easy transport of instruments & equipment to
sterile field w/out contamination for
circulator.
• Small storage

9. • Check in/Pre-op holding area
• Recovery area-PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit)
Equipment includes:
Pulse oximeter
Blood pressure cuff
Wall suction tubing
Wall oxygen & tubing
EKG monitor
Blanket & IV warmer
IV sets
Wound dressing supplies
Medications
Catheters
Emesis basins
Bedpans
Airway management supplies
Emergency Crash cart

10. • Laboratory Department
– Will perform blood gas monitoring by perfusionist, if
needed.
• Radiology Department
When necessary,
– supervise activities around patient to remain aseptic
– use protection from ionizing radiation during use of
Fluoroscope.
• Pathology Department
• Environmental Services & Standard Precautions
• CSPD – Central Sterile Supply & Processing Dept.

11. • Proper handling/operation of equipment
• Safety Education & Training
• Awareness of possible Hazards:
– Physical
– Biological
– Chemical
Agencies
• OSHA
• NFPA; NIOSH - PELs; ANSI; ASTM; AAMI

12. • Non glare Lights
• Noise levels
• Ergonomic issues
– Related to back injury due to improper technique:
• Heavy lifting
• Bending/reaching
• Jerking/twisting at hips
– Obesity
– Loss of strength & flexibility
– Poor nutrition

13. • Fire hazards – the Fire Triangle: Source of ignition; Oxygen; Flammable
substance
– ESU – intense heat
– Three Classes of Extinguisher: A - H2O, B - dry chemical, C – halon
• Electrical hazards
– Current
– Burns
– Static electricity
• Triboelectrification
• Induction charging
• Ionizing Radiation
– Use protection
– Turn off equipment when not in use
– Avoid unnecessary exposure

14. • Bloodborne pathogens
• Body fluids
• Standard Precautions
– Use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly;
have extras
– Note General Safety Checklist
– Sharps disposal management
– No unauthorized entry
– Signed Consent forms
– Neutral zone
– Hazardous waste disposal

15. • PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) protocol
– Wound treatment
– Risk Assessment
– Prophylaxis – drug therapy for HIV exposure
• Must be fully informed of side effects/toxicity risks
• May be declined
• Follow up counseling; testing/evaluation

16. • Evacuation unit
• Use protection: mask; eyewear, etc…
• ULPA (Ultra Low Penetration Air) filter
• Change filter when needed
• Appropriate size filter

17. • Get tested
• Create non latex environment
• Schedule procedures first
• Notify necessary personnel
• Mark chart/s

18. • Waste Anesthetic Gases
• Bone cement - PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate)
• Preservative - Formalin
• For sterilization:
– EtO - Ethylene Oxide
when mixed with water form these
• Ethylene glycol
• Ethylene chlorohydrin
– Cidex - Glutaraldehyde

19. 1. What is the primary difference between Standard
Precautions and Universal Precautions?
2. Name four ancillary departments in the hospital that
directly support the OR.
3. At what temperature and humidity levels should the
OR be maintained?
4. What agency is dedicated to protecting the health
and safety of the workers in the OR?
5. Should a latex-sensitive patient be scheduled in the
OR as the first patient or the last patient of the day?
6. What are the three important safety factors for
surgical technologists to consider when exposed to
ionizing radiation?