The document discusses the history and development of the Android operating system. It describes how Android began as a mobile OS in 2008 on the T-Mobile G1 phone and has since undergone rapid development, releasing a major new version on average every year with names based on desserts in alphabetical order (Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, etc.). Key aspects of Android like the notification system and Android Market app store debuted on early phones but have significantly advanced over multiple releases. The document traces Android's evolution from its beginnings to become the most widely used mobile OS in the world today.

2. an·droid
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(in science fiction) A
robot with a human
appearance.

3. What is android?
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 it is a mobile operating
system developed by Google. It is used
by several smart phones, such as the
Motorola Droid, the Samsung Galaxy,
and Google's own Nexus One.

4. Where is android based?
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 The Android operating system (OS) is based on
the open Linux kernel. Unlike the I Phone OS,
Android is open source, meaning developers can
modify and customize the OS for each phone.
Therefore, different Android-based phones may
have different graphical user interfaces GUIs even
though they use the same OS.

5. ANDROID
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 Android phones typically come with several built-
in applications and also support third-party programs.
Developers can create programs for Android using the
free Android SDK (Software Developer Kit). Android
programs are written in Java and run through Google's
"Davlik" virtual machine, which is optimized for
mobile devices. Users can download Android "apps"
from the online Android Market.

6. ANDROID
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 Since several manufacturers make Android-based
phones, it is not always easy to tell if a phone is
running the Android operating system. If you are
unsure what operating system a phone uses, you can
often find the system information by selecting "About"
in the Settings menu. The name "Android" comes from
the term android, which refers to a robot designed to
look and act like a human.

7. ANDROID HISTORY
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 Literally, it means "manlike," deriving from the
Greek word for "man" and an ending that means
"like" or "similar to".
 In common parlance, it's come to refer primarily to
artificial beings that are manlike in form. (Natural
creatures that are vaguely manlike... such as
gorillas... are instead referred to as "anthropoid",
which derives from the same root and literally
speaking means essentially the same thing.)

8. Android
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 Authors who want to be specific that the creatures in question
have female rather than male forms occasionally use the term
"gynoid," but this is relatively uncommon.
 In science fiction, using the term "android" often implies the
artificial being in question is biological in nature (as opposed to
a mechanical "robot"). However, this isn't always observed (the
original robots in the play Rossum's Universal Robots seem to
have been biological, and Marvin the Paranoid Android in the
Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series is pretty clearly intended
to be mechanical, as are the "droids" in Star Wars).
It's is also a computer system, such as the Android phones and
software.

12. GOOGLE ANDROID OS
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 Google’s Android operating system has undergone a
pretty incredible metamorphosis in the three short
years since it debuted on the T-Mobile G1. Think about
it: three years, eight major releases. Eight. To put that
in perspective, there have only been ten major
consumer-grade releases of Windows (give or take,
depending on how you count) in over twenty-five years
of retail availability. You could make a pretty
convincing argument that no consumer technology in
history has evolved as quickly as the smart phone, and
Android has been at the very center of that evolution.

13. WHERE IT ALL BEGAN?
 The Android era officially began on October
22nd, 2008, when the T-Mobile G1 launched in the
United States. Initially, many features that we couldn't
live without today were missing — an on-screen
keyboard, multi-touch capability, and paid apps, for
instance — but the foundation was in place, and a few
lasting trademarks of the platform debuted on those
very first G1s to roll off the assembly line:

15. The pull-down notification
window.
 Though these early phones clearly weren't without
their flaws, it was almost universally acknowledged
that Android nailed the notification system on day one
— it would take iOS another three years before
launching a design as effective at triaging messages
and alerts coming from users' ever-growing collection
of mobile apps. The secret was in the G1's unique
status bar, which could be dragged downward to reveal
every notification in a single list: text messages,
voicemails, alarms, and so on. The fundamental
concept lives on (in a refined form) even in version 4.0
today.

16. The Android Market
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d
 .It's hard to imagine a smart phone without a centralized
app store now, but when Android first shipped, it did so at
the very start of the mobile app revolution. Indeed, the
Android Market on those first G1s bore little resemblance
to the Android Market of today: it launched with just a
handful of apps (as you'd expect of an entirely new
ecosystem), and didn't have the rich, multifaceted curation
that has been added over the last couple versions —
instead, it just had a single row of handpicked selections at
the top of the app's home screen. Perhaps more
importantly, it lacked support for any sort of payment
system, a problem that wouldn't get fixed until the
following year.

17. Dessert is served: 1.5 "Cupcake"

 Android 1.5 — perhaps better known by its codename,
Cupcake — marked much more of a milestone. It wasn't
just about the fact that it added several hotly-anticipated
features that were critical to keeping the platform
competitive, it was also the first version to use Google's
"sweet" naming convention: every major release since
Cupcake has been named after a confection in alphabetical
order. Apart from a couple tricky letters like "X," we'd
expect the trend to continue for a while.

18. 1.6 "Donut"
 Though it wasn't as big of an upgrade as Cupcake,
Android 1.6 Donut was still a far bigger deal than its
"0.1" increment would let on. It made another pass of
minor visual refinements throughout the platform and
added a handful of new and updated, but much of the
big news was under the hood. CDMA support was first
offered in Donut, for instance, opening the door to
American carriers like Verizon and potentially
hundreds of millions of subscribers across Asia.

19. 2.0 / 2.1 "Eclair"
 In early November of 2009 — about a year after the
G1's premiere — Android 2.0 launched right on
Donut's heels. "Big" would be an accurate description
all around: it was a big deal, made big promises, and
was deployed on big phones offered by big carriers.
Eclair, as it was known, was initially offered exclusively
on Verizon on none other than the Motorola Droid —
the phone that kicked off one of the most successful
mobile franchises in history.

20. 2.2 "Froyo"
 Android 2.2 was released in mid-2010, and the advantage of
the Nexus program was starting to become clear: the Nexus
One was the first to get updated. What did Google have to
showcase in Froyo? Plenty. From the first power-on, the
redesigned home screen was instantly recognizable: gone
was the old three-panel view (which dated back to Android
1.0), replaced by a five-panel one with a new group of
dedicated, translucent shortcuts at the bottom for the
phone, web browser, and app launcher. Additionally, dots
on either side of the shortcuts gave the user an indication
of what panel they were currently viewing. In some ways,
Google was playing catch-up here — third-party skins like
HTC's Sense had already done all of these things.

21. Respectfully
submitted to Prof.
Erwin M. Globio,
MSIT