The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses Steiner's acceptable compromises for compensating for sagittal discrepancies between the upper and lower jaws. It provides guidelines for adjusting the positions of the upper and lower incisors based on the ANB angle. A case example is used to illustrate how to predict changes to the ANB angle through growth or treatment and adjust incisor positions accordingly. The document also discusses individualizing treatment proposals based on factors like soft tissue function.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Torque /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tweed merrifield philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses Steiner's acceptable compromises for compensating for sagittal discrepancies between the upper and lower jaws. It provides guidelines for adjusting the positions of the upper and lower incisors based on the ANB angle. A case example is used to illustrate how to predict changes to the ANB angle through growth or treatment and adjust incisor positions accordingly. The document also discusses individualizing treatment proposals based on factors like soft tissue function.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Torque /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tweed merrifield philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of frictionless mechanics in orthodontics. It discusses various loop and spring configurations that can be used for space closure without tooth movement along the archwire. Advantages include control of tooth movement and known force levels. Disadvantages include more complex mechanics and potential patient discomfort. Factors like loop height and geometry determine the moment-to-force ratio and type of tooth movement achieved. The document defines key terms and principles of biomechanics relevant to frictionless orthodontic tooth movement.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the third stage of the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment. Stage III focuses on correcting the axial inclination of teeth through root tipping using torquing auxiliaries and uprighting springs. It maintains the corrections from stages I and II while achieving the desired mesiodistal and labiolingual inclinations of each tooth simultaneously. Stiffer base archwires and various auxiliary appliances like torquing bars and uprighting springs are used to tip roots into their proper positions while keeping crowns relatively stationary. The document provides details on the design and function of these appliances to achieve the treatment objectives of stage III.
Space closure by frictionless mechanics 2 /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
This document discusses various methods for space closure during orthodontic treatment. It begins by stating that space closure is dictated by treatment objectives and can be achieved through different mechanisms. The goals for any space closure method are then outlined, including differential tooth movement control and producing an optimal biological response. Key determinants of space closure like the amount of crowding, anchorage, and tooth inclinations are also discussed. The document then goes on to compare sliding/friction mechanics versus loop/frictionless mechanics. It provides details on considerations for various anchorage situations and techniques for individual canine retraction. In summary, the document provides an overview of factors to consider for space closure and compares different mechanical approaches.
Torque in pre adjusted e.w.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an overview of orthodontic treatment mechanics using the McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi (MBT) bracket system. It discusses the history and development of the MBT system, variations in appliance specifications including bracket selection and torque specifications. It also covers important aspects of treatment including bracket positioning, arch forms, anchorage control, archwire sequences and finishing the case.
This document discusses utility arches, which are orthodontic appliances used to apply light forces in the dental arch. It provides details on:
- The historical background and development of utility arches based on biomechanical principles.
- Common wire dimensions and materials used, including stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium alloys.
- The standard design components of utility arches, including molar, vertical, and incisal segments.
- Different types of utility arches like passive arches, intrusion arches, and retraction/protrusion arches and how they are activated to apply specific orthodontic forces.
The document provides an overview of the Tip-edge bracket system created by Dr. Peter Kesling in 1986. It was designed to allow for differential tooth movement by removing corners from conventional edgewise brackets. This allows the crown to tip into place before final torque and positioning. The system uses light forces and a sequence of 3 stages to align, level and torque teeth into the desired positions. A variety of auxiliaries like sidewinders and power pins are used throughout treatment to control individual tooth movements. The Tip-edge bracket is intended to provide controlled three dimensional tooth positioning with light continuous forces.
This document provides an overview of lingual orthodontics. It discusses the history and evolution of lingual appliance designs. Several popular lingual bracket systems are described, including their key features. Considerations for patient selection, diagnosis, and treatment with lingual appliances are outlined. The document also reviews advantages and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics, as well as changes induced by lingual treatment. Placement of lingual brackets and techniques are also summarized.
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Controversies in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR FUNCTIONAL JAW O...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Moment to force ratio final presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document summarizes Bjork's analysis, a method developed by orthodontist Arne Bjork to analyze craniofacial growth and development using lateral cephalograms. It describes Bjork's landmarks, angular and linear measurements used to construct a facial diagram. Bjork conducted studies on Scandinavian children to establish norms for comparison. His analysis helps determine the amount and distribution of facial prognathism based on configurations in the facial diagram.
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of retraction mechanics. It begins with definitions of key terms like force, center of resistance, moment, and center of rotation. It then discusses different types of anchorage and bends that can be used. Several methods for retraction are covered, including Begg's technique, friction mechanics, frictionless mechanics using loops, and canine retraction techniques. Factors influencing tooth movement and various appliances for retraction like utility arches and translation arches are also summarized. In conclusion, the document reviews different retraction strategies and appliances.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Edgewise technique 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of frictionless mechanics in orthodontics. It discusses various loop and spring configurations that can be used for space closure without tooth movement along the archwire. Advantages include control of tooth movement and known force levels. Disadvantages include more complex mechanics and potential patient discomfort. Factors like loop height and geometry determine the moment-to-force ratio and type of tooth movement achieved. The document defines key terms and principles of biomechanics relevant to frictionless orthodontic tooth movement.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the third stage of the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment. Stage III focuses on correcting the axial inclination of teeth through root tipping using torquing auxiliaries and uprighting springs. It maintains the corrections from stages I and II while achieving the desired mesiodistal and labiolingual inclinations of each tooth simultaneously. Stiffer base archwires and various auxiliary appliances like torquing bars and uprighting springs are used to tip roots into their proper positions while keeping crowns relatively stationary. The document provides details on the design and function of these appliances to achieve the treatment objectives of stage III.
Space closure by frictionless mechanics 2 /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
This document discusses various methods for space closure during orthodontic treatment. It begins by stating that space closure is dictated by treatment objectives and can be achieved through different mechanisms. The goals for any space closure method are then outlined, including differential tooth movement control and producing an optimal biological response. Key determinants of space closure like the amount of crowding, anchorage, and tooth inclinations are also discussed. The document then goes on to compare sliding/friction mechanics versus loop/frictionless mechanics. It provides details on considerations for various anchorage situations and techniques for individual canine retraction. In summary, the document provides an overview of factors to consider for space closure and compares different mechanical approaches.
Torque in pre adjusted e.w.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an overview of orthodontic treatment mechanics using the McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi (MBT) bracket system. It discusses the history and development of the MBT system, variations in appliance specifications including bracket selection and torque specifications. It also covers important aspects of treatment including bracket positioning, arch forms, anchorage control, archwire sequences and finishing the case.
This document discusses utility arches, which are orthodontic appliances used to apply light forces in the dental arch. It provides details on:
- The historical background and development of utility arches based on biomechanical principles.
- Common wire dimensions and materials used, including stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium alloys.
- The standard design components of utility arches, including molar, vertical, and incisal segments.
- Different types of utility arches like passive arches, intrusion arches, and retraction/protrusion arches and how they are activated to apply specific orthodontic forces.
The document provides an overview of the Tip-edge bracket system created by Dr. Peter Kesling in 1986. It was designed to allow for differential tooth movement by removing corners from conventional edgewise brackets. This allows the crown to tip into place before final torque and positioning. The system uses light forces and a sequence of 3 stages to align, level and torque teeth into the desired positions. A variety of auxiliaries like sidewinders and power pins are used throughout treatment to control individual tooth movements. The Tip-edge bracket is intended to provide controlled three dimensional tooth positioning with light continuous forces.
This document provides an overview of lingual orthodontics. It discusses the history and evolution of lingual appliance designs. Several popular lingual bracket systems are described, including their key features. Considerations for patient selection, diagnosis, and treatment with lingual appliances are outlined. The document also reviews advantages and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics, as well as changes induced by lingual treatment. Placement of lingual brackets and techniques are also summarized.
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Controversies in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR FUNCTIONAL JAW O...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Moment to force ratio final presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document summarizes Bjork's analysis, a method developed by orthodontist Arne Bjork to analyze craniofacial growth and development using lateral cephalograms. It describes Bjork's landmarks, angular and linear measurements used to construct a facial diagram. Bjork conducted studies on Scandinavian children to establish norms for comparison. His analysis helps determine the amount and distribution of facial prognathism based on configurations in the facial diagram.
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of retraction mechanics. It begins with definitions of key terms like force, center of resistance, moment, and center of rotation. It then discusses different types of anchorage and bends that can be used. Several methods for retraction are covered, including Begg's technique, friction mechanics, frictionless mechanics using loops, and canine retraction techniques. Factors influencing tooth movement and various appliances for retraction like utility arches and translation arches are also summarized. In conclusion, the document reviews different retraction strategies and appliances.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Edgewise technique 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
orthodontic Dogmas /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Tweed merrifield edgewise. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in implants 2. /certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Varisimplex2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dogmas /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Diagnosis and treatment planning in implants/ cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Diagnosis and treatment planning in implants / esthetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses the evolution of orthodontic appliances from early crude methods to the modern edgewise appliance. It describes Angle's E-arch appliance from 1880, followed by the pin and tube appliance and ribbon arch appliance. The edgewise appliance, introduced in 1925, solved issues with previous appliances and became the standard. The document outlines the development of edgewise brackets, buccal tubes, and techniques over time to improve control of tooth movement and treatment outcomes.
This document discusses various orthodontic philosophies and dogmas throughout history. It covers:
- Angle's philosophy from the 1910s which emphasized arch expansion and proper occlusion to guide tooth movement.
- Tweed's philosophy from the 1940s which advocated premolar extractions and uprighting lower incisors based on his diagnostic facial triangle.
- Begg's differential force technique from the 1940s using light forces inspired by aboriginal attrition and differential tooth movement.
- Extraction dogmas debate premolar vs second molar extractions and their effects on facial esthetics, third molar eruption, and temporomandibular disorders.
- Functional appliance dogmas originated from studies
Building treatment mechanics through brackets /certified fixed orthodontic co...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Edgewise Technique 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Straight wire – history, evolution and concepts /certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Diagnosis and treatment planning in implants 2. / dental implant courses by ...Indian dental academy
This document discusses various factors to consider for diagnosis and treatment planning for dental implants. It outlines 14 pre-implant considerations including existing occlusion, arch form, interarch space, and lip position. It also describes 12 factors for evaluating natural teeth adjacent to implant sites such as mobility, caries, and periodontal status. The document provides details on assessing each consideration and their implications for treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
3. Introduction
The Tweed – Merrifield edgewise appliance is the
direct descendent of the appliance invented in 1928
by Edward H. Angle, but it is used with a totally
different philosophy of treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Dr. Edward H. Angle
•Simplicity
•Stability
•Efficiency
•Delicacy
•Inconspicuousness
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6. The Edgewise Appliance
To overcome the deficiencies of his previous
appliances, Angle changed the form of the bracket
Placed the slot in the centre and placing it in a
horizontal plane
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8. Edgewise bracket when formed consisted of a
rectangular box with 3 walls within the bracket.
0.022 x0.028”
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9. Unique feature rectangular wire in rectangular
slot twisting / torquing forces could be imparted to
control the axial inclination of teeth
Possible to move teeth in all 3 planes of space with a
single arch wire.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Charles H. Tweed
Graduated from an improved Angle course (George Hahn) in
1928 at the age of 33yrs.
Helped Dr. Angle in publishing an article in the Dental
Cosmos
Dr. Angle urged his dear student to : Dedicate his life to the
development of the edgewise appliance
To make every effort to establish orthodontics as an
specialty within the dental profession.
Dr. Tweed instigated the passing of first orthodontic
specialty law in the U.S.. In 1929 first law limiting the
practice of orthodontics to specialists was passed
Dr. Tweed-first certified specialist in orthodontics in the U.S.
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12. •Aug 11, 1930, Angle died at age of 75yr.
•Tweed held to Angle’s conviction, but this lasted for only
4yrs.In 1932 published article in Angle orthodontist
“reports of cases treated with Edgewise Arch mechanism.”
•Upright mandibular incisors frequently were related to
post treatment facial balance and successful treatment.
•To position mandibular incisors upright ,he concluded one
must prepare anchorage and extract teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. • He selected failed cases and treated them with
premolar extractions.
• 1936- paper on extraction of teeth for orthodontic
malocclusion correction.
• Was called a traitor ,faced criticism.
• In 1940 he produced case reports of the retreated
cases.
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14. “just put your plaster on the table”- let the
treatment speak for itself.
Dr. Robert Strang- supporter
1947- Charles H. Tweed Foundation for Orthodontic
Research
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15. Tweed’s contributions:
•Emphasized four objectives of orthodontic treatment.
1.the best balance and harmony of facial lines
2.Stability of dentures after treatment
3.Healthy mouth tissues
4.An efficient chewing mechanism
•Concept of uprighting teeth over basal bone.
•Extraction of teeth acceptable.
•Enhanced clinical application of cephalometrics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. 1.Type A growth trends :
• middle and lower face
growing forward and
downward in unision with no
change in the ANB angle.
• growth is approximately
equal in both vertical and
horizontal dimensions.
• Type A subdiv growth
trend.
• Prognosis good
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19. Type B growth trend :
• middle face growing
forward more rapidly than
the lower, ANB increases in
size with growth.
• ANB <4 deg prognosis is
fair.
• ANB 7-12 deg prognosis
poor.
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20. Type C growth trend:
• lower face growing forward and downward more rapidly
than the middle face, with a decrease in the size of the
ANB.
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21. 2)That the establishment and maintenance of stable
anchorage is the fundamental factor in successful
orthodontic treatment and should be the initial
concern of the operator.
Outstanding feature of Dr.Tweed’s philosophy
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Anchorage preparation
•It was believed at that time that-“An undisturbed tooth
affords the best resistance to movement.”
•Tweed-It is impossible to band a tooth that’s in tight
contact with a neighbor and have it undisturbed.
•Reatin –when teeth are tipped distally as during Anchor
preparation, osteoid tissue is laid down adjacent to
mesial surface of the tooth being moved distally.
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23. In the use of intermaxillary force, it was Dr.Tweed’s
contention that the teeth in the anchorage denture
must be placed in distal axial inclination if they are to
be expected to resist forward and occlusal strain of
elastics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Anchorage preparation
1. First degree anchorage preparation:
Minimal anchorage preparation required.
applicable in : malocclusions with ANB 0-4deg ,facial
esthetics are good, total discrepancy does not exceed
10mm.
Mandibular anchor molars uprighted /maintained
in their upright positions to prevent being elongated
by Class II elastics.
The direction of pull of the elastics in function, will
not exceed 90 deg when related to the long axis of the
terminal molars.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. 2. Second degree anchorage preparation:
necessary for malocclusions in which ANB > 4.5 deg
facial esthetics demand that point B moved
anteriorly and point A posteriorly.
Class II cases, accompanied by type A, type A
subdivision, type B growth trends.
Distal marginal ridge of terminal molar at gum
level.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. 3.Third degree anchorage preparation :
• total anchorage preparation necessary in severe
malocclusions where total discrepancy 14- 20mm ,ANB
doesn’t exceed 5 deg.
• Class I cases with exceedingly irregular teeth.
• all three posterior teeth tipped distally
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28. LEVERN MERRIFIELD
1953 : took TWEED course
1960 : selected by
Dr.Tweed to be codirector
and continue his work on
edgewise appliance.
1970 : Director study of
orthodontic dentistry &
development of
edgewise appliance
Dr. Levern Merrified
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. A.Diagnostic concepts:
Introduced diagnostic analyses which allow clinicians
to determine whether and when extractions are
necessary, if indicated which teeth to be extracted.
1. Fundamental concept of dimensions of the dentition
2. Dimensions of the lower face
3. Total space analysis
4. Guidelines for space management decisions
a. facilitate maximal orthodontic correction
b. Define areas of skeletal, facial, and dental
disharmony
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30. B. Treatment concepts:
1. Sequential appliance placement
2. Sequential tooth movement
3. Sequential mandibular anchorage preparation
4. Directional force
5. Proper timing of treatment
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33. Posterior limit
Muscular pressure: buccinator, masseter, temporalis,
medial pterygoid- limit for posterior expansion
“to create a posterior discrepancy in an attempt to
correct an anterior discrepancy is not sound
reasoning”
- Dimensions of the denture
L. Levern Merrifield. AJODO 1994;106:535-42
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34. Lateral limit
“the mandibular cuspid width, as measured across
the arch from one canine to the other, is an accurate
index of the muscular balance of the individual and
dictates the limit of denture expansion in this area.”
“ with very minor exception, the original mandibular
malocclusion width must also be respected in the
premolar and molar areas”
- Robert Strang
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35. Vertical limit
Muscles of mastication limit this dimension.
Functional balance allows a normal freeway space
and efficient functioning of the temporomandibular
joint
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36. Facial disharmony
3 factors affect facial balance:
Position of teeth: protruded teeth
Skeletal pattern
Soft tissue thickness : total chin thickness and upper lip
thickness must be equal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Upper lip thickness and total chin thickness
If the total chin
thickness is lesser than
upper lip thickness, the
anterior teeth must be
positioned upright
further to facilitate a
more balanced facial
profile because lip retraction
follows tooth retraction
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Some measurements to judge facial balance
1. Profile line
2. Facial balance on frontal view- vermilion border of the
lower lip should bisect the distance between the
bottom of the chin and the ala of the nose.
3. Z angle
4. FMIA
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39. Profile line in a balanced face
When facial balance is
present, the ideal
relationship of profile line is
to be tangent to the chin
and the vermillion border of
both the lips and should lie
in the anterior 1/3rd of the
nose.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. FMIA : Tweed believed this angle was significant in
establishing balance and harmony of the lower
face. Related to FMA.
• FMA 22-28 deg, FMIA 68deg
• FMA 30 deg or more ; FMIA 65deg.
• dental compensation for a high FMA requires
additional uprighting of flared mandibular
incisors..visa versa.
Z – angle : indicative of soft tissue profile and more
responsive to maxillary incisor retraction than
FMIA
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Z angle and FMIA
Z- angle :
70-80 deg range
75 -78 deg ideal
Maxillary incisor
retraction of 4mm
allows 4mm of lower lip
retraction and 3mm of
upper lip response
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. • Ao-Bo
• Occlusal plane angle- 8-
12 deg
• PFH
• AFH- 65mm
• facial height index -
0.65-0.75
• facial height change
ratio
Merrifield and Gebeck
reported a 2:1 increase
in PFH compared to
AFH in successfully
treated class II patients.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Craniofacial analysis
• Jim Gramling’s probability index:
observed that in successfully treated Class II patients
FMA was controlled , FMIA increased, IMPA reduced ,
Z-angle increased , SNB remained same, AO-BO
reduced.
• Probability index suggests that the following pre
treatment conditions might be necessary for Class II
treatment success :
FMA should be 22-28 deg .
ANB should be 6 deg or less .
FMIA should be greater than 60 deg .
Occlusal plane should be 7 deg or less .
SNB should be 80 deg or more .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Dental disharmony
3. Total space analysis: 3 parts:
a. Anterior space analysis:
anterior tooth arch surplus/deficit : difference
between space available in mandibular arch from canine
to canine and sum of mesiodistal dimension of six
anterior teeth.
anterior discrepency: surplus/deficit + cephalometric
discrepancy (the amount of space required to upright
the mandibular incisors for optimum facial balance)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Mid arch discrepancy :
mid arch tooth discrepancy = diff b/t available midarch
space and mesio distal width of 1st
premolar, 2nd premolar,1st molar, space required to level
curve of spee.
+
occlusal disharmony : measure distance b/t maxillary
premolar buccal cusp to embrasure b/t mandibular 1st
and 2nd premolar.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. c. Posterior space analysis:
Posterior tooth arch discrepancy:
space available = distal of mandibular first
molar to anterior border of ramus along occlusal
plane.
required space = sum of mesio-distal width of 2nd
molar and 3rd molars.
Most easily recognizable sign of posterior space
deficit is late 2nd molar eruption.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Differential Diagnostic Analysis System
Craniofacial analysis + total dentition analysis
Craniofacial difficulty + total dentition space analysis
difficulty is called total difficulty
Mild : 0-60
Moderate : 60-120
Severe: >120
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51. Merrifield’s treatment philosophy
1. Sequential appliance placement
2. Sequential tooth movement
3. Sequential mandibular anchorage preparation
4. Directional force
5. Proper timing of treatment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Sequential appliance placement
Advantages:
• Less traumatic
• Easier
• Less time consuming
• Allows greater
efficiency in arch wire
action (longer inter
bracket span in
posterior
segment)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. Sequential tooth movement
Advantage : Rapid and precise tooth
movement because they are moved
individually/in small unitswww.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Sequential mandibular anchorage preparation:
developed by MERRIFIELD- “10 – 2” system.
Tweed : En masse anchor preparation ; all
compensation bends placed at one time in the
archwire and Class III elastics used for support ----
result :
Labially flared and intruded
mandibular incisors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. Merrifield technique –
`10 – 2’ Force systems(10 ten teeth used as
Anchor units to tip 2 teeth)
High pull head gear for support rather than Class-III
elastics
Tooth movement is controlled, sequential and
precise.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. Directional force :
Hallmark of modern Tweed-Merrifield
edgewise treatment.
Controlled forces which place teeth in the most
harmonious relationship with their environment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. Resultant force vector
of all forces should be
upward and forward
(counterclockwise),
giving opportunity for
favourable skeletal
change, especially in
dentoalveolar
protrusion Class II
malocclusion correction
Upward and forward force
system
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. Mandibular incisors
upright over basal
bone needed so that
the maxillary incisors
can be moved distally
and superiorly
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. If point B is allowed
to move down,
mandibular incisors
are tipped off the
basal bone and
maxillary incisor
drops down and back
instead of being
moved up and back.
This leads to a patient
with lengthened face,
a gummy smile,
incompetent lips and
a more recessive
chin.
Downward and backward
force system
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. 5. Timing of treatment:
Treatment should be initiated at the time when
treatment objectives can be most readily
accomplished.
This may mean interceptive in the mixed
dentition, or waiting for second permanent molar
eruption before starting active treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
66. Third-order bends
Mandibular arch
Objective is to place some degree of lingual crown
torque on all mandibular teeth.
Ideal 3rd order bends in mandibular segment:
Incisor : -7deg
Canines : -12 deg
2nd premolars and molars : -20 deg
www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. STEPS OF TREATMENT
CLASSIC TWEED MERRIFIELD
EDGEWISE DIRECTIONAL FORCE
TREATMENT can be organized into four force systems :
1) Denture preparation
2) Denture correction
3) Denture completion
4) Denture recovery
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76. 1.DENTURE PREPARATION
(approx 6 months)
OBJECTIVES:
a) Leveling
b) Individual tooth movement and rotation correction
c) Retraction of both maxillary and mandibular
canines
d) Preparation of terminal molars for stress resistance
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77. Denture preparation
Initial archwires
0.017 x 0.022
maxillary arch wire
0.018 x0.025
mandibular arch wire
J-hook head gear for
canine retraction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
78. Maxillary molars
Banded after 1st month
of treatment
Arches getting leveled
off
Power chain force to aid
Canine retraction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
79. End of Denture preparation
Terminal molar
anchorage:
The mandibular terminal
molar should be tipped
to anchorage prepared
position at the end of
denture preparation.
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80. Full dentition bracketed and leveled
Canines retracted , all rotations corrected
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81. 2.Denture Correction –
OBJECTIVES:
1. Complete space closure in both the arches
2. Class I intercuspation of canines and premolars
3. Sequential anchorage preparation
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82. Mandibular wire:
0.019 x0.025 with 6.5mm
vertical loop distal to
lateral incisor bracket.
Maxillary archwire:
0.020 x0.025 with 7mm
vertical loop.
Loop stops immediately
distal to brackets of first
molars
Loop stop in mandiblar
arch wire incorporates a
compensation to
maintain 15deg terminal
molar tip
www.indiandentalacademy.com
83. Closing loop application:
maxillary and
mandibular closing loops
are used to close spaces
mesial to the distalized
canines
Vertical support in
maxillary arch through J
hook Headgear (hook b/t
central and lateral)
Vertical support for
mandibular anterior
teeth through anterior
vertical elasticswww.indiandentalacademy.com
84. After space closure is
complete, mandibular
arch is leveled, curve
of occlusion in
maxillary arch
maintained and the
terminal molars
remain tipped to an
anchorage prepared
position.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
85. Sequential Mandibular Anchorage Preparation
Sequential tooth movement concept -
Arch wire exerts active force on only 2 teeth, while
remaining passive to other teeth in the arch.
Remaining teeth act as stabilizing anchor units as 2
teeth are tipped. “10-2” anchorage system
www.indiandentalacademy.com
86. 1. Tipping the 2nd
molar to a 15° distal
inclination
Readout
www.indiandentalacademy.com
87. 2. 1st molar anchorage
preparation
• 10° distal tip
• Compensating bend
mesial to loop stop
• 10-2-6
www.indiandentalacademy.com
88. 3. 5° distal tip 1mm
mesial to 2nd premolar
brackets
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89. Class II Force Systems
A different system of forces may be used in patients
with end-on or full cusp Class II dental relationship.
A final diagnostic decision made and treatment
planned based on – the ANB relationship, maxillary
posterior space analysis and patient co-
operation…using the following guidelines:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
90. 1. If the maxillary 3rd molar is missing or if ANB<= 5deg
and patient is cooperative… best prognosis. If 3rd molar
erupting, it is best to remove it to facilitate distal
movement of maxillary teeth.
2. If patient is cooperative, has a mild Class II dental
relation, normal vertical skeletal pattern, ANB 5-8deg
and normally erupting 3rd molars…then advantageous
to extract 2nd molars.
3. If ANB >10deg, poor patient cooperation, 3rd molars
present…after maxillary and mandibular first premolar
extraction space closure, either first molar extraction or
surgical correction considered.( poor prognosis)www.indiandentalacademy.com
91. Orthodontic Correction of Class II dental
relationships
• Mandibular anchorage preparation with 0.0215x0.028”
stabilizing archwire
• Maxillary arch wire with 0.020x 0.025” arch wire
www.indiandentalacademy.com
92. Maxillary second molar distalization: helical bulbous loop
placed against maxillary second molar
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93. Helical bulbous loop pushes the maxillary molar distally
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97. Maxillary anterior space closure. 0.020x0.025” maxillary loop
arch wire is used to close the maxillary anterior space
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98. 3. Denture Completion
Maxillary and mandibular stabilizing wires, along with
proper elastics and head gear force, are used to complete
orthodontic treatment.
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99. At end of denture completion following characteristics
should be readily observed:
• Incisors must be aligned.
• Occlusion overcorrected
• Anterior teeth edge-edge relation
• Maxillary canines and 2nd premolars locked tightly into
Class I relation.
• Mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar must occlude in
mesiobuzccal groove of mandibular first molar.
• Distal cusp of first molar and second molars must be
slightly out of occlusion.
• All spaces must be closed tightly from 2nd premolars
forward.
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100. 4. Denture recovery
Forces involved are those of surrounding
environment, primarily muscles and periodontium.
Concept of overcorrection:
if mechanical corrective procedures barely
achieve normal relationships of teeth, relapse is
inevitable.
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102. Final occlusion is characterized by the teeth settling into
their most efficient, healthy and stable positions-
functional occlusion
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104. It is designed to achieve individualized tooth
movements and precision to each patient, to achieve
functional occlusion and optimal esthetics, to shorten
treatment duration through use of sophisticated
force systems.
The edgewise appliance has stood the test of time
and will be used by many more generations of
orthodontics.
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105. References:
Orthodontics-Current principles and techniques-
Graber and Vansardall; 3rd and 4th edition
The tweed philosophy: the Tweed years: James J.
Cross; Seminars in Orthodontics;1996:2;231-267
The Tweed-Merrifield Philosophy: James L. Vaden;
Seminars in Orthodontics;1996:2;237-240
Differential Diagnosis- L. Levern Merrifield; Seminars
in Orthodontics;1996:2;241-253
Tweed-Merrifield Sequential Directional Force
Treatment;1996:2;254-268
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106. Merrifield L.L. The dimensions of the denture: Back to
basics. AJODO 1994;106:535-542
Clinical Orthodontics- Charles H. Tweed, Vol. 1
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