This short presentation was made for the Ecology course assignment in 2016.
Disclaimer: Needless to say, this is concise and not an exhaustive survey of key moments of A&N Islands' Environmental History
India has two main island groups: the Lakshadweep Islands and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Kerala, consisting of 36 coral islands of which 10 are inhabited. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal near Myanmar, comprising 572 islands of which 38 are permanently inhabited, with the Andamans containing 550 islands and Nicobars 22 islands. These island groups provide economic and strategic importance for India in areas like tourism, security, trade and control of the Indian Ocean.
The Antarctica is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole. It is the southernmost continent in world. The 66 degree 34 minutes south latitude forms the outermost boundary of the Antarctic circle. The area covered within this circle is called as the Antarctic Continent. It includes parts of the Southern ocean, surrounding seas, ice shelves, continental glaciers, plateaus and mountain ranges. The Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, possessing many unique features to learn.
1) Hokkaido promotes eco-tourism to balance nature protection and tourism development. Kushiro Marsh is Japan's largest wetland and hosts bird surveys.
2) Teuri Island is a paradise for seabirds, including endangered species. It focuses on eco-tours led by a nature photographer.
3) Kuromatsunai is known for its beech forests of high ecological value.
10 Natural Wonders of the World (PowerPoint)Yaryalitsa
Ten (10) Natural Wonders of the World depicted.
PowerPoint - animated and linking embedded.
'i' Button = Information (introductory information about the place drops down.
'm' button = going back to the selection menu and choosing your next place to go.
Downloading the PowerPoint will show full animation and transition of slides.
This document summarizes seven natural wonders of the world: the Northern Lights, Victoria Falls, Mount Everest, the Grand Canyon, the Great Barrier Reef, Paricutin Volcano, and Rio de Janeiro Harbour. For each wonder, it provides key details about their location, size, features, and why they are considered a natural wonder.
The document describes 7 natural wonders that have been newly designated:
1) The Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, the largest remaining rainforest in the world known for its biodiversity.
2) Jeju Island in South Korea, home to the dormant volcano Hallasan and volcanic landscapes.
3) Ha Long Bay in Vietnam, featuring thousands of limestone islands and underwater caves.
4) Iguazu Falls on the border of Argentina and Brazil, the world's largest waterfalls system.
5) Komodo Island in Indonesia, habitat of the largest lizards on Earth, the Komodo dragons.
6) The Puerto Princesa Underground River in the Philippines, an 8.2 km
The document provides information on various geographical topics around the world including:
- The sizes of several countries and their total areas.
- Details on some of the longest rivers in the world such as their lengths and locations.
- Sizes and locations of some of the largest lakes and seas.
- Locations and brief descriptions of some famous deserts.
- Descriptions of characteristics of some notable volcanoes around the world including their heights and locations.
- Information on some of the tallest mountains globally including Mount Everest.
- A list of some famous world heritage sites.
- Population figures for some of the most and least populated countries.
- Names and descriptions of the currencies of several countries
The document discusses the New7Wonders of Nature initiative from 2007-2011, which aimed to create a list of seven natural wonders chosen by a global poll. It provides details on the voting process and stages of the campaign, and lists the 28 finalists that were narrowed down from over 440 initial nominees representing 220 countries. The provisional winners of the New7Wonders of Nature were announced in November 2011.
India has two main island groups: the Lakshadweep Islands and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Kerala, consisting of 36 coral islands of which 10 are inhabited. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal near Myanmar, comprising 572 islands of which 38 are permanently inhabited, with the Andamans containing 550 islands and Nicobars 22 islands. These island groups provide economic and strategic importance for India in areas like tourism, security, trade and control of the Indian Ocean.
The Antarctica is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole. It is the southernmost continent in world. The 66 degree 34 minutes south latitude forms the outermost boundary of the Antarctic circle. The area covered within this circle is called as the Antarctic Continent. It includes parts of the Southern ocean, surrounding seas, ice shelves, continental glaciers, plateaus and mountain ranges. The Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, possessing many unique features to learn.
1) Hokkaido promotes eco-tourism to balance nature protection and tourism development. Kushiro Marsh is Japan's largest wetland and hosts bird surveys.
2) Teuri Island is a paradise for seabirds, including endangered species. It focuses on eco-tours led by a nature photographer.
3) Kuromatsunai is known for its beech forests of high ecological value.
10 Natural Wonders of the World (PowerPoint)Yaryalitsa
Ten (10) Natural Wonders of the World depicted.
PowerPoint - animated and linking embedded.
'i' Button = Information (introductory information about the place drops down.
'm' button = going back to the selection menu and choosing your next place to go.
Downloading the PowerPoint will show full animation and transition of slides.
This document summarizes seven natural wonders of the world: the Northern Lights, Victoria Falls, Mount Everest, the Grand Canyon, the Great Barrier Reef, Paricutin Volcano, and Rio de Janeiro Harbour. For each wonder, it provides key details about their location, size, features, and why they are considered a natural wonder.
The document describes 7 natural wonders that have been newly designated:
1) The Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, the largest remaining rainforest in the world known for its biodiversity.
2) Jeju Island in South Korea, home to the dormant volcano Hallasan and volcanic landscapes.
3) Ha Long Bay in Vietnam, featuring thousands of limestone islands and underwater caves.
4) Iguazu Falls on the border of Argentina and Brazil, the world's largest waterfalls system.
5) Komodo Island in Indonesia, habitat of the largest lizards on Earth, the Komodo dragons.
6) The Puerto Princesa Underground River in the Philippines, an 8.2 km
The document provides information on various geographical topics around the world including:
- The sizes of several countries and their total areas.
- Details on some of the longest rivers in the world such as their lengths and locations.
- Sizes and locations of some of the largest lakes and seas.
- Locations and brief descriptions of some famous deserts.
- Descriptions of characteristics of some notable volcanoes around the world including their heights and locations.
- Information on some of the tallest mountains globally including Mount Everest.
- A list of some famous world heritage sites.
- Population figures for some of the most and least populated countries.
- Names and descriptions of the currencies of several countries
The document discusses the New7Wonders of Nature initiative from 2007-2011, which aimed to create a list of seven natural wonders chosen by a global poll. It provides details on the voting process and stages of the campaign, and lists the 28 finalists that were narrowed down from over 440 initial nominees representing 220 countries. The provisional winners of the New7Wonders of Nature were announced in November 2011.
Types of mineral & energy resources in indiaEbad Rahman
This document discusses mineral and energy resources in India. It defines minerals and describes their criteria and occurrence. The main types of minerals in India are ferrous, non-ferrous, non-metallic, and rock minerals. India's major mineral resources include iron ore, manganese, copper, bauxite, limestone, and mica. Energy resources are classified as conventional sources like coal, oil and gas, and non-conventional sources like solar, wind and tidal energy. Conservation of minerals and energy is important as they are finite resources and reducing consumption extends their availability.
The Grand Canyon National Park is located in northern Arizona. It was established as the first national park in the U.S. by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1919. The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon, which stretches 446 km long, 6-29 km wide and 1,600 m deep. In 1979 it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is home to diverse plant and animal life and known for its spectacular colorful rock formations and views from spots like the Grand Canyon Skywalk.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. The three major states known for the production of mica in India are Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.
2. The main hazards of mining include: coal mining exposes miners to toxic airborne residues which can cause gas poisoning, the presence of methane in coal mines which is highly combustible and can explode, and unstable walls and loose rocks in mining areas which can collapse or fall.
3. Some ways to eradicate problems of mining include: using better ventilation systems to remove toxic gases, installing safety equipment to detect and prevent methane explosions, reinforcing walls and supporting unstable areas to prevent collapses, and reclaiming and rehabilit
The document provides information about the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is comprised of 36 islands with a total area of 32 square kilometers. The capital and largest city is Kavaratti. Over 93% of the population is Muslim. The islands have a tropical climate and are known for their beaches, lush landscapes, and biodiversity. Major crops include coconut, banana, and breadfruit. Marine life includes fish, sea turtles, and seabirds. Industry is limited but potential exists for small-scale ventures.
Oceania is a region spanning over 3.3 million square miles in the central and South Pacific Ocean. It includes island countries like Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and others. Some key facts about Oceania are its highest point is Mount Wilhelm at 14,793 feet in Papua New Guinea, its lowest point is Lake Eyre in Australia at -52 feet below sea level, and its longest river is the Murray-Darling River in Australia at over 2,300 miles long.
National parks are extensive forests established to protect nature and biodiversity. They prohibit human activities and development to allow organisms to live freely. Some of India's national parks mentioned are Eravikulam National Park in Kerala, which protects mountain rainforests and is a potential UNESCO site, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand established in 1936 as India's first national park to protect tigers, and Bandipur National Park in Karnataka known for its wildlife and dry deciduous forests as part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
Silent Valley is a 50 million year old tropical evergreen forest in Kerala, India that is home to diverse plant and animal species. It faced threats of being dammed in the 1980s, but strong environmental protests led the government to declare it a national park to protect it. The forest contains rare and endangered species like the lion-tailed macaque and is described as the only river in Kerala that flows undammed for 20 kilometers.
Taman Negara, Pahang and Acadia National Park are both national parks that offer various outdoor recreational activities. Taman Negara was established in 1939 to protect wildlife and is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna within its 4000 square kilometers of primary rainforest. Acadia National Park contains diverse ecosystems within its smaller size, including forests, wetlands, and coastal areas. Both parks provide opportunities for hiking, camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing, while Acadia also offers activities like cycling, boating, and winter sports.
The document discusses different types of natural resources and renewable energy sources. It defines minerals as naturally occurring inorganic substances and describes their properties. It then discusses the study of minerals called mineralogy. It provides examples of minerals used for gems and metals like copper, aluminum, and silicon. It also discusses coal as a fossil fuel made up mainly of carbon that is a major fuel source for power plants but causes air pollution. Other sections cover natural resources in general that support life and how renewable resources need to be conserved through reforestation and national parks. It also introduces various renewable energy sources like solar, geothermal, tidal, wind, and hydropower.
The document lists and describes seven natural wonders of the world:
1) Mount Everest, the tallest mountain in the world and destination for thousands of tourists.
2) The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system off the coast of Australia.
3) The Grand Canyon, a vast gorge in Arizona known for its unique geology and colors.
4) Victoria Falls, a spectacular waterfall between Zambia and Zimbabwe called "the smoke that thunders."
5) Rio de Janeiro harbor, a beautiful natural harbor in Brazil with wonderful climate and beaches.
6) Paricutin Volcano in Mexico, whose sudden formation in 1943 was fully documented.
7) The
The document discusses the four main life-supporting systems on Earth: lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on each system, including that the lithosphere comprises the solid rocks and minerals of the planet, the atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, the hydrosphere covers the planet with water, and the biosphere is the total of all three spheres that supports life. It then goes on to describe the composition and key features of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
This document provides information about different types of islands:
- Continental islands like Newfoundland rest on continental shelves near continents. Oceanic islands like the Mariana Islands originate from underwater volcanoes. Coral islands and atolls form from coral growth on sunken volcanoes or reefs. Artificial islands are constructed by humans.
- India has two main island groups: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep Islands. The Andamans have an area of 6,496 square km and a capital of Port Blair. Lakshadweep is known for its coral reefs and beaches.
- Key facts are also given about the largest islands worldwide and the many types and locations of
The document discusses two national parks: Taman Negara in Malaysia and Acadia National Park in the United States. It provides background information on each park, including their establishment dates, sizes, habitat and biodiversity. A variety of activities that can be done in each park are also outlined such as hiking, camping, fishing, wildlife watching. National parks are large protected areas that conserve natural resources and ecosystems while also providing recreational opportunities.
The document provides an overview of the Northern Territory of Australia, highlighting its diverse climate and landscapes, vast size with small population, numerous national parks containing iconic sites like Uluru and Kakadu National Park rich in indigenous culture and natural beauty, and details on transportation and key destinations throughout the region important for experiencing its natural wonders and Aboriginal heritage.
The document lists and describes 15 of the most impressive natural wonders around the world, including Angel Falls in Venezuela, the highest waterfall in the world; Mount Vesuvius, the volcano that destroyed Pompeii; Halong Bay in Vietnam, featuring thousands of limestone islands; and the Grand Canyon, which was carved over 6 million years. It emphasizes that these natural wonders are more amazing than any structures built by humans and urges protecting them.
Integrated GIS/Machine-Learning Workflows - Seagrass Use CaseDawn Wright
Integrated GIS/Machine-Learning Workflows
for Modeling Spatiotemporal Variations in Potential Seagrass Habitats within a Changing Climate, European Geosciences Union General Assembly Paper ESSI4.3 – EGU2018-10081, Vienna, Austria, April 2018.
Coastal marine plant habitats are impacted by changes in ocean conditions and the resulting changes in plant
populations can produce positive climate feedbacks which exasperate warming. (Waycott et al., 2009). One such
example is seagrasses, marine plants that can sequester vast amounts of carbon. When compared to tropical
terrestrial forests, seagrasses can store up to 100 times more CO2 at a rate that is 12 times faster (Mcleod et al.,
2011). Understanding the future of an important biologic carbon sink such as seagrass can shed some light into
future carbon balance. Modeling the relationships between seagrass occurrence and ocean conditions, current and
future, can aid in quantifying the impacts on future carbon balance. In this work, we use an integrated GIS and
machine learning approach to build a data-driven model of seagrass presence-absence in a changing climate. We
quantify the relationships between observed seagrass occurrence and ocean conditions. This relationship allows us
to delineate patterns in current ocean conditions that promote favorable seagrass habitats.We pose this relationship
as a binary classification problem and utilize Random Forest to establish a relationship for seagrass occurrence.
This relationship is projected into the future under changing ocean conditions. We use deep-learning methods,
recurrent neural networks, to forecast ocean conditions as the oceans get warmer and use these conditions in
conjunction with the Random Forest model to predict the abundance of future seagrass habitats. We integrate
multiple data sources including fine-scale seagrass data from MarineCadastre.gov and the recently available,
globally extensive publicly available Ecological Marine Units (EMU) dataset. In addition, we use global ocean
models from NOAA to calibrate our ocean forecasts. Our analysis includes a sensitivity study which investigates
the vulnerability of seagrass to changes in specific ocean variables. We use the proposed model to provide an
upper bound of the amount of carbon that can be stored in seagrasses as ocean conditions change. Finally, we
use a Getis-Ord Gi* statistic within a space-time window to quantify the temporal changes in potential seagrass
habitats.
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
Mangroves provide many ecological benefits and are an important ecosystem. However, approximately 35% of mangroves have been lost in recent decades due to threats from natural hazards as well as human activities like aquaculture, agriculture, and pollution. Conservation efforts aim to protect remaining mangroves and restore degraded areas through approaches like raising awareness, incentives for sustainable use, enforcement of laws, and reforestation programs.
Mass bleaching of corals in 2010 seriously affected the corals in Andaman group of islands. Rise in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was the primary reason due to less than normal rainfall during the bleaching period. Now three years after the bleaching episode the corals in South Andaman seems to recovering. The primary indicator of recovery being the new recruitment of corals especially Acropora spp. (branching corals) throughout the reef areas along with the increase in overall live coral cover. Multiple surveys were conducted in three stations viz. North Bay, Chidiyatapu and Marina Park along the eastern coast of South Andaman during this study and all the sites were found to have new recruitment of Acropora spp. which were severely affected during 2010 mass bleaching.
The presentation provides an overview of the Sundarbans mangrove forest located in Bangladesh. It introduces the group members giving the presentation and provides a preview of the topics to be covered, which include the location, ecology, flora and fauna, tourism, ecosystem services, threats, and management challenges of the Sundarbans. It highlights that the Sundarbans is home to the Bengal tiger and faces threats from sea level rise, pollution, and development projects, and discusses some ways to combat these issues and protect the ecosystem.
1) The document provides information about Prasanna Harishchandra Gaikwad, a student of F.Y B.B.A 1st semester at Smt. SUDHATAI MANDKE COLLEGE. It includes their name, class, roll number, and subject of study.
2) It then provides a detailed overview of the Andaman Islands, including their location, history under various empires, Japanese occupation during World War 2, recent events, natural disasters, geography, infrastructure, transportation, population statistics, industries, and popular tourist destinations.
3) The cuisine of the Andaman Islands is described, including popular dishes like fish curry, amritsari kulcha
Analysis of the rate of change of mangrove forest ecosystem in calabar south,...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the rate of change of mangrove forests in Calabar South, Nigeria between 1970 and 2011. The study analyzed multi-temporal image data from 1970, 1986, and 2011 to map changes in mangrove area over time. It also examined the number and volume of mangrove trees exploited by local communities. The results showed that the rate of mangrove area change was -2.75 km2 between 1970-1990 and -32.12 km2 between 1991-2011. The area of Nypa palm, an invasive species, increased from 3.04 km2 between 1970-1990 to 31.86 km2 between 1991-2011. On average, 6225 mangrove trees were exploited annually,
Types of mineral & energy resources in indiaEbad Rahman
This document discusses mineral and energy resources in India. It defines minerals and describes their criteria and occurrence. The main types of minerals in India are ferrous, non-ferrous, non-metallic, and rock minerals. India's major mineral resources include iron ore, manganese, copper, bauxite, limestone, and mica. Energy resources are classified as conventional sources like coal, oil and gas, and non-conventional sources like solar, wind and tidal energy. Conservation of minerals and energy is important as they are finite resources and reducing consumption extends their availability.
The Grand Canyon National Park is located in northern Arizona. It was established as the first national park in the U.S. by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1919. The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon, which stretches 446 km long, 6-29 km wide and 1,600 m deep. In 1979 it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is home to diverse plant and animal life and known for its spectacular colorful rock formations and views from spots like the Grand Canyon Skywalk.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. The three major states known for the production of mica in India are Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.
2. The main hazards of mining include: coal mining exposes miners to toxic airborne residues which can cause gas poisoning, the presence of methane in coal mines which is highly combustible and can explode, and unstable walls and loose rocks in mining areas which can collapse or fall.
3. Some ways to eradicate problems of mining include: using better ventilation systems to remove toxic gases, installing safety equipment to detect and prevent methane explosions, reinforcing walls and supporting unstable areas to prevent collapses, and reclaiming and rehabilit
The document provides information about the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is comprised of 36 islands with a total area of 32 square kilometers. The capital and largest city is Kavaratti. Over 93% of the population is Muslim. The islands have a tropical climate and are known for their beaches, lush landscapes, and biodiversity. Major crops include coconut, banana, and breadfruit. Marine life includes fish, sea turtles, and seabirds. Industry is limited but potential exists for small-scale ventures.
Oceania is a region spanning over 3.3 million square miles in the central and South Pacific Ocean. It includes island countries like Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and others. Some key facts about Oceania are its highest point is Mount Wilhelm at 14,793 feet in Papua New Guinea, its lowest point is Lake Eyre in Australia at -52 feet below sea level, and its longest river is the Murray-Darling River in Australia at over 2,300 miles long.
National parks are extensive forests established to protect nature and biodiversity. They prohibit human activities and development to allow organisms to live freely. Some of India's national parks mentioned are Eravikulam National Park in Kerala, which protects mountain rainforests and is a potential UNESCO site, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand established in 1936 as India's first national park to protect tigers, and Bandipur National Park in Karnataka known for its wildlife and dry deciduous forests as part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
Silent Valley is a 50 million year old tropical evergreen forest in Kerala, India that is home to diverse plant and animal species. It faced threats of being dammed in the 1980s, but strong environmental protests led the government to declare it a national park to protect it. The forest contains rare and endangered species like the lion-tailed macaque and is described as the only river in Kerala that flows undammed for 20 kilometers.
Taman Negara, Pahang and Acadia National Park are both national parks that offer various outdoor recreational activities. Taman Negara was established in 1939 to protect wildlife and is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna within its 4000 square kilometers of primary rainforest. Acadia National Park contains diverse ecosystems within its smaller size, including forests, wetlands, and coastal areas. Both parks provide opportunities for hiking, camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing, while Acadia also offers activities like cycling, boating, and winter sports.
The document discusses different types of natural resources and renewable energy sources. It defines minerals as naturally occurring inorganic substances and describes their properties. It then discusses the study of minerals called mineralogy. It provides examples of minerals used for gems and metals like copper, aluminum, and silicon. It also discusses coal as a fossil fuel made up mainly of carbon that is a major fuel source for power plants but causes air pollution. Other sections cover natural resources in general that support life and how renewable resources need to be conserved through reforestation and national parks. It also introduces various renewable energy sources like solar, geothermal, tidal, wind, and hydropower.
The document lists and describes seven natural wonders of the world:
1) Mount Everest, the tallest mountain in the world and destination for thousands of tourists.
2) The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system off the coast of Australia.
3) The Grand Canyon, a vast gorge in Arizona known for its unique geology and colors.
4) Victoria Falls, a spectacular waterfall between Zambia and Zimbabwe called "the smoke that thunders."
5) Rio de Janeiro harbor, a beautiful natural harbor in Brazil with wonderful climate and beaches.
6) Paricutin Volcano in Mexico, whose sudden formation in 1943 was fully documented.
7) The
The document discusses the four main life-supporting systems on Earth: lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on each system, including that the lithosphere comprises the solid rocks and minerals of the planet, the atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, the hydrosphere covers the planet with water, and the biosphere is the total of all three spheres that supports life. It then goes on to describe the composition and key features of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
This document provides information about different types of islands:
- Continental islands like Newfoundland rest on continental shelves near continents. Oceanic islands like the Mariana Islands originate from underwater volcanoes. Coral islands and atolls form from coral growth on sunken volcanoes or reefs. Artificial islands are constructed by humans.
- India has two main island groups: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep Islands. The Andamans have an area of 6,496 square km and a capital of Port Blair. Lakshadweep is known for its coral reefs and beaches.
- Key facts are also given about the largest islands worldwide and the many types and locations of
The document discusses two national parks: Taman Negara in Malaysia and Acadia National Park in the United States. It provides background information on each park, including their establishment dates, sizes, habitat and biodiversity. A variety of activities that can be done in each park are also outlined such as hiking, camping, fishing, wildlife watching. National parks are large protected areas that conserve natural resources and ecosystems while also providing recreational opportunities.
The document provides an overview of the Northern Territory of Australia, highlighting its diverse climate and landscapes, vast size with small population, numerous national parks containing iconic sites like Uluru and Kakadu National Park rich in indigenous culture and natural beauty, and details on transportation and key destinations throughout the region important for experiencing its natural wonders and Aboriginal heritage.
The document lists and describes 15 of the most impressive natural wonders around the world, including Angel Falls in Venezuela, the highest waterfall in the world; Mount Vesuvius, the volcano that destroyed Pompeii; Halong Bay in Vietnam, featuring thousands of limestone islands; and the Grand Canyon, which was carved over 6 million years. It emphasizes that these natural wonders are more amazing than any structures built by humans and urges protecting them.
Integrated GIS/Machine-Learning Workflows - Seagrass Use CaseDawn Wright
Integrated GIS/Machine-Learning Workflows
for Modeling Spatiotemporal Variations in Potential Seagrass Habitats within a Changing Climate, European Geosciences Union General Assembly Paper ESSI4.3 – EGU2018-10081, Vienna, Austria, April 2018.
Coastal marine plant habitats are impacted by changes in ocean conditions and the resulting changes in plant
populations can produce positive climate feedbacks which exasperate warming. (Waycott et al., 2009). One such
example is seagrasses, marine plants that can sequester vast amounts of carbon. When compared to tropical
terrestrial forests, seagrasses can store up to 100 times more CO2 at a rate that is 12 times faster (Mcleod et al.,
2011). Understanding the future of an important biologic carbon sink such as seagrass can shed some light into
future carbon balance. Modeling the relationships between seagrass occurrence and ocean conditions, current and
future, can aid in quantifying the impacts on future carbon balance. In this work, we use an integrated GIS and
machine learning approach to build a data-driven model of seagrass presence-absence in a changing climate. We
quantify the relationships between observed seagrass occurrence and ocean conditions. This relationship allows us
to delineate patterns in current ocean conditions that promote favorable seagrass habitats.We pose this relationship
as a binary classification problem and utilize Random Forest to establish a relationship for seagrass occurrence.
This relationship is projected into the future under changing ocean conditions. We use deep-learning methods,
recurrent neural networks, to forecast ocean conditions as the oceans get warmer and use these conditions in
conjunction with the Random Forest model to predict the abundance of future seagrass habitats. We integrate
multiple data sources including fine-scale seagrass data from MarineCadastre.gov and the recently available,
globally extensive publicly available Ecological Marine Units (EMU) dataset. In addition, we use global ocean
models from NOAA to calibrate our ocean forecasts. Our analysis includes a sensitivity study which investigates
the vulnerability of seagrass to changes in specific ocean variables. We use the proposed model to provide an
upper bound of the amount of carbon that can be stored in seagrasses as ocean conditions change. Finally, we
use a Getis-Ord Gi* statistic within a space-time window to quantify the temporal changes in potential seagrass
habitats.
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
Mangroves provide many ecological benefits and are an important ecosystem. However, approximately 35% of mangroves have been lost in recent decades due to threats from natural hazards as well as human activities like aquaculture, agriculture, and pollution. Conservation efforts aim to protect remaining mangroves and restore degraded areas through approaches like raising awareness, incentives for sustainable use, enforcement of laws, and reforestation programs.
Mass bleaching of corals in 2010 seriously affected the corals in Andaman group of islands. Rise in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was the primary reason due to less than normal rainfall during the bleaching period. Now three years after the bleaching episode the corals in South Andaman seems to recovering. The primary indicator of recovery being the new recruitment of corals especially Acropora spp. (branching corals) throughout the reef areas along with the increase in overall live coral cover. Multiple surveys were conducted in three stations viz. North Bay, Chidiyatapu and Marina Park along the eastern coast of South Andaman during this study and all the sites were found to have new recruitment of Acropora spp. which were severely affected during 2010 mass bleaching.
The presentation provides an overview of the Sundarbans mangrove forest located in Bangladesh. It introduces the group members giving the presentation and provides a preview of the topics to be covered, which include the location, ecology, flora and fauna, tourism, ecosystem services, threats, and management challenges of the Sundarbans. It highlights that the Sundarbans is home to the Bengal tiger and faces threats from sea level rise, pollution, and development projects, and discusses some ways to combat these issues and protect the ecosystem.
1) The document provides information about Prasanna Harishchandra Gaikwad, a student of F.Y B.B.A 1st semester at Smt. SUDHATAI MANDKE COLLEGE. It includes their name, class, roll number, and subject of study.
2) It then provides a detailed overview of the Andaman Islands, including their location, history under various empires, Japanese occupation during World War 2, recent events, natural disasters, geography, infrastructure, transportation, population statistics, industries, and popular tourist destinations.
3) The cuisine of the Andaman Islands is described, including popular dishes like fish curry, amritsari kulcha
Analysis of the rate of change of mangrove forest ecosystem in calabar south,...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the rate of change of mangrove forests in Calabar South, Nigeria between 1970 and 2011. The study analyzed multi-temporal image data from 1970, 1986, and 2011 to map changes in mangrove area over time. It also examined the number and volume of mangrove trees exploited by local communities. The results showed that the rate of mangrove area change was -2.75 km2 between 1970-1990 and -32.12 km2 between 1991-2011. The area of Nypa palm, an invasive species, increased from 3.04 km2 between 1970-1990 to 31.86 km2 between 1991-2011. On average, 6225 mangrove trees were exploited annually,
ecological restoration through landscape modification - munderikkadavuDeepak T C
Wetlands are called as “the kidneys of the landscape”. (CST, n.d.). Munderikkadavu is one of the important wetlands in the district of kannur, kerala. And is highly enriched with species diversities of birds, fishes, dragonflies, crabs etc. This paper intends to look upon the human interventions in the wetland of munderikkadavu; which has adversely affected the ecological balance of the ecosystem and then focuses upon the methods to mitigate the impacts of these activities. Secondly, it focuses upon the restoration of the lost ecological balance through the modification of landscape features as a tool for the restoration.
The document summarizes the activities of Artha Graha Peduli Foundation in Indonesia. The foundation is part of a private network of companies involved in various businesses across Indonesia. It focuses on corporate social responsibility initiatives including environmental conservation, education, health, disaster relief, and empowering local communities. Some of its key projects involve establishing a 45,000 hectare wildlife conservation area in South Bukit Barisan National Park and developing a seaweed industry and marine conservation efforts to help address global warming.
This document is a report from the Task Force on Islands, Coral Reefs, Mangroves and Wetlands in India. It discusses the ecology of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which consist of over 345 islands in the Bay of Bengal. The islands have highly diverse and unique flora and fauna due to long isolation, with many endemic species. They contain important ecosystems like forests, mangroves and coral reefs, and are home to species like mangrove forests covering over 1000 sq km, and one of the most diverse coral reefs in the world with over 400 coral species. It highlights the ecological value and need for conservation of the islands.
Conserving biodiversity a case study on Uttara Kannada, India.Arghyadeep Saha
Conserving biodiversity a case study on Uttara Kannada, India.
Conserving biodiversity a case study on uttara kan ,conserving biodiversity ,case study ,uttara kannada ,india. ,conservation ,resources ,natural gas ,natural resources ,biodiversity
Re-Colonizing Soft Corals on the Degraded Coral Reefs of Gulf Of Kachchh Mari...paperpublications3
Abstract: Coral reefs of the Gulf of Kachchh are in a highly degraded condition, when compared with other three major coral reef regions of India. In correlation with geographical and oceanographical changes, its arid climate and the semi-diurnal tidal amplitudes fluctuations hamper the recovery of the reef. Soft corals may play the alternative key role in maintaining the ecological role in the degraded reef ecosystem in the absence of hard corals. Re-colonization of soft corals on the degraded reefs is among the first steps to make them to recover gradually. Present Line Intercept Transect survey (LIT) conducted in a reef of the Gulf inferred the possibility to recovery of the reefs due to the colonization of soft corals on the bare coral boulders.
This document discusses the diversity of mangrove species and the threats they face. It notes that mangrove forests have declined significantly worldwide due to human activities like converting land to fish and shrimp farms. In the Philippines alone, mangrove coverage decreased from 448,000 hectares in the 1920s to 110,000 hectares in 1990 and 130,000 hectares by 2000. This is due to activities such as using mangroves for charcoal, firewood, and building materials as well as expanding coastal development. The destruction of mangrove forests is alarming as they provide important economic and ecological benefits.
A study on the biodiversity of snake island in South Andaman - JBESInnspub Net
Snake Island is an uninhabited small rocky islet off Carbyn’s Cove in Port Blair, Andaman. The biodiversity of this rocky island is its distinctive feature as it becomes a small habitat for various organisms close to the open sea. During this present study a total no. of 217 species were recorded out of which 205 has been identified. Pisces was the dominant group, followed by cnidarians, molluscs, arthropods etc. The island is highly influenced by sea water as during high tides nearly 75 % of the island is submerged by seawater. This is the reason of dominance of marine organisms (94 %) over terrestrial organisms (6 %) in the island. Another characteristic feature of the island is the formation of numerous rocky and sandy water channels and the presence of a ‘coral pool’ at the end of one such channel on the north-eastern part of the island. During high tide these channels are filled with water and exchange of seawater takes place in the coral pool, where highest diversity of species was observed. Lack of intertidal species in the island is evident due to the high action of waves from the open sea and lack of hiding areas other than rocky crevices. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
The document provides information about the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is comprised of 36 islands located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Kerala. The total area is 32 square kilometers and the capital is Kavaratti, located on Kavaratti Island. The islands have a tropical climate and are home to various plants like coconut trees, banana, and breadfruit. Marine life includes fish and oceanic birds. The population is predominantly Muslim and the main language is Malayalam. There is potential for small-scale industry development utilizing local resources.
The document summarizes the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India located in the Bay of Bengal. It discusses the islands' geography, climate, population, economy and industries like agriculture, tourism and manufacturing. It also provides details on the islands' history under British rule and administration as a union territory of India. In 2004, the islands were severely damaged by the Indian Ocean tsunami triggered by an earthquake near Indonesia, which caused widespread destruction and loss of life across South and Southeast Asia.
The document summarizes information about the Vankalai wetland located in northern Sri Lanka. It describes the wetland's location and extent, vegetation including mangroves and scrublands that support diverse flora and fauna. The wetland provides habitat for over 120,000 waterbirds annually and was declared a Ramsar site in 2010 for its biodiversity and role as a migratory bird habitat. However, the wetland faces threats such as deforestation, waste dumping, and development activities that can harm its ecology. Conservation efforts include reforestation, waste management, and awareness programs.
Climate change is having impacts on mangroves in India through sea level rise, changes in salinity and precipitation, and increased cyclone activity. Mangroves are being permanently inundated by sea level rise of approximately 3 mm per year currently. Changes in salinity and precipitation patterns are affecting mangrove species distributions and health. Major cyclones have caused widespread mangrove damage, such as the 1999 super cyclone in Odisha. While mangroves are resilient to some climate impacts, additional pressures from human activities are exacerbating the effects of climate change on these important coastal ecosystems.
The document discusses the biodiversity of the Gulf of Mannar region located between India and Sri Lanka. It notes that the Gulf of Mannar was declared a marine biosphere reserve in 1989 due to its rich biodiversity, which includes over 3,600 species of flora and fauna such as corals, fish, sea grasses, and mangroves. The region contains extensive coral reefs along with sea grass beds and mangrove forests that support populations of sea turtles, dolphins, and other marine life. Fishing is an important economic activity in the Gulf of Mannar.
Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic and Environmental Impact – ...IJERA Editor
Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic And Environmental Impact – A Case Study Of
Kanyakumari Coast”. Kanyakumari is the southernmost district of Tamil Nadu. The software Arc Gis are used
to demarcate the Natural Disaster ( Tsunami) and its socio Economic and Environment Impact. The district lies
between longitudes is 77˚15‟ E 77˚36‟ Eastern longitudes. The Latitudes is 8˚03‟ N to 8˚35‟ Northern
latitudes.The District is bound by Tirunelveli District on the North and the East. The South Eastern boundary is
the Gulf of Manner. On the South and the South West, the boundaries are the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea.
On the West and Northwest it is bounded by Kerala. The Kanyakumari District total areas area is 1430.3Km.
The Coastal Villages elevations are 5 meter to 50 meter above mean sea level.Tirunelveli linked with the
Kanyakumari city by both road and railways. It is located south of Trichy at distance of 335km .Kanyakumari
was formed 1835 AD. It has an area of 1671.3 Km2 with 16.76 Lakh populations as per 2011 Census. The study
made by the researcher confirmed the various relief measures carried out in the affected areas in general and in
Agashteeshwaram Taluk in Kanyakumari measures be programmed in such a way that they facilities of their
livelihood besides regaining their aspirations of life.
This document summarizes a tour report of a student field trip to the Sundarban Mangrove Forest. The trip was organized by professors from the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences at Chittagong University. Over 5 days, students visited several areas within the Sundarban forest and learned about its unique ecology, biodiversity, and management. Key information recorded includes details on the Sundarban's location and size, mangrove species present, wildlife populations, and the many ecosystem services it provides.
The Gulf of Mannar is a shallow bay located between India and Sri Lanka that was declared a Marine Biosphere Reserve in 1989 due to its high biodiversity. It contains 21 islands and supports over 3,600 rare species, including corals, sea grasses, mangroves, sea cucumbers, whales, and sea turtles. The Gulf sustains local fisheries and has been impacted by activities like destructive fishing and pollution.
- Shaikh Faridul Islam presented his PhD thesis on climate change and livelihoods in the Sundarbans region of Bangladesh.
- The Sundarbans mangrove forest plays an important role in maintaining the coastal ecosystem while also supporting local livelihoods through activities like fishing, honey collection, and wood gathering.
- However, climate change impacts like rising seas, stronger cyclones, and increased flooding threaten the Sundarbans and the livelihoods of local communities. Understanding how to protect the forest and adapt livelihoods is important.
Similar to Andaman Nicobar Islands-Brief Environmental History (20)
Indian farmers are facing distress due to 10 key reasons: 1) successive drought years, 2) collapsing farm prices due to low international prices and imports, 3) failure of crop insurance schemes to provide adequate support, 4) delays in irrigation projects, 5) outdated agricultural marketing systems, 6) lack of modern technology adoption, 7) fragmented supply chains causing major post-harvest losses, 8) lack of food processing clusters, 9) delayed reforms of the Food Corporation of India, and 10) low agricultural productivity compared to other countries. While the government has allocated significant funds, slow implementation of projects and reforms has not provided relief to distressed farmers.
The document contains a set of 8 trivia questions about various topics like business, history, and geography. Only the answers are provided - 6 sigma, G.D Naidu, Coca Cola, Mellerio jewellery house, raising the flag over Iwo Jima, Jim O'Neill, Serendip, and Shankar Tucker. Readers are instructed to Google the questions if they cannot make the connection between an answer and its corresponding question.
The document provides hints to identify a theme. It presents 6 images or clips as indirect links to the theme, with points awarded for correctly guessing the theme from each consecutive hint. The theme is revealed to be "Apple" based on clues such as Alan Turing's half-eaten apple, New York City's nickname, Apple's headquarters location, its Safari browser, manufacturing in China, and Siri on the iPhone.
This document contains 10 questions about various topics related to India:
1. A speech whose words are quoted
2. The name of a game
3. A coin issued by the East India Company that inspired the logo of a central government establishment
4. National Institutes of Technology and their previous governance structure
5. The only Indian state with Sanskrit as an official language
6. Connecting two pictures related to geography
7. A biodiversity hotspot in India
8. The original name of the Arabian Sea
9. A former Portuguese territory in India that was merged with India in 1961
10. The importance of the Unicode value U+20B9 to Indians
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
2. About
A&N archipelago is the continuation of Arakan Yoma mountain
ranges of Myanmar, submerged in the Indian ocean. (Sundaramurthy, 2003)
Mentioned by Ptolemy in circa AD 2 as the ‘Island of good fortune’
(Murthy, 2005)
572 islands with an area of 8249 Km2 with 85% forest cover, of which
36 are inhabited with a population1 of 379944
Population1 of native inhabitants:
Andaman islands: Great Andamanese(44), Onges(104), Jarawa’s(380), Sentinalese(100).
All four groups are of Negrito origin
Nicobar islands: Nicobarese(26000), Shompens(300). Both groups are of Mongoloid
origin
Great Andamanese and Jarawa’s have been living here for more than
2000 years (Sundaramurthy, 2003)
1- 2011 census of India
3. History of Migrations
1789 – First successful British settlement in Island only to abandon
it in 1796
1858 – 2nd attempt by British. This time as a penal settlement for
Indian revolutionaries
1938 – Agricultural settlements by the 1921 ‘Malabar Mappila
Rebellion’ prisoners
1942-45 – Islands seized by the Japanese. By then Ross island was
developed into a self equipped township by the British
1949-52 – GoI resettlement of East Bengal refugees
1951-61 – Population doubled from 30,971 to 63,548 due to
migration from Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and
West Bengal (Sundaramurthy, 2003)
4. Exploitations and Conservation
Apart from resettling the convicts, the deliberate migration to A&N
islands was due to its strategic importance owing to it’s location near
Strait of Malacca
From 1870 to 1958 Padauk and Silvergrey timbers were exported in
large numbers to India and even to London and New York
Inception of forest department in 1883 for ‘management’ of
commercially important trees. Setting up of Chatham Saw mill, one
of largest of its kind in Asia.
Between 1947-1985 forest composition was deliberately changed in
favor of commercially important species
Post 1985 period Dept. Of Environment and Forest went onto a
conservation mode. Timber extraction was reduced and confined for
local use and that too from 15% of the forests regenerated
earlier (DoEF A&N Administration, n.d.)
5. Plight of Indigenous Communities and Biodiversity
Logging operations by Andaman and Nicobar Forest Plantation and
Development Corporation since 1977 violating Forest Conservation
Act norms
Studies from 1983 and 1989 says timber extraction breached the tribal
rights and has badly affected the health of coral reefs and populations
of saltwater crocodile and the endemic Andaman wild pig which the
Onges are much dependant on
On 10 October 2001 Supreme Court prohibited cutting of naturally
grown trees (Sekhsaria, 2002)
Beginning from its construction phase in late 1960s, Andaman Trunk
Road, passing through the Jarawa community reserve, has brought in
maladies and exploitation by visitors and passersby
A 1965 GoI report during the initial phase of ATR construction says,
'about half of the Middle Andaman is treated as
Jarawa infested' (Sekhsaria, 2012
6. 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
Source: indiawaterportal.org
• Northern Andamans got
uplifted whereas Southern
Andaman was subsided by 1-3
metres
• 7000+ deaths were reported
• Native tribal communities
applied their indigenous
knowledge to move to higher
grounds which saved their
lives
• Large scale destruction to
coral reefs have been reported
(Patterson et.al (2005); Bhaumik (2005))
7. Environmental organizations in A&N islands
With ~85% of area covered by forests, the islands shows high degree
of endemism, hence conservation is a high priority (Sundaramoorthy, n.d.)
Andaman and Nicobar Environmental Team (ANET), a division of
Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, is a key NGO in the region working
closely with institutions like IISc and NCBS since 1990
Bangalore based Dakshin Foundation works on turtle conservation and
fisheries along with ANET
The landmark SC verdict of 2001 was a result of the joint petition filed
by Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology(SANE), based in
portblair, with Kalpavriksh and BNHS
Association of Rural People of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (ARPAN)
is a CSO operating since 2006 in the social sector connecting rural
andaman community with NGOs and GOs
ANET (n.d); ARPAN (n.d); Sekhsharia (2002))
8. References
ANET. (n.d.). The Andaman and Nicobar island’s Environmental Team. [online] Available at:
http://anetindia.org/index.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016].
ARPAN. (n.d.). ARPAN. [online] Available at:
http://arpan.cfsites.org/custom.php?pageid=27271 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016].
Bhaumik, S. (2005). Tsunami folklore 'saved islanders'. [online] BBC News. Available at:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4181855.stm [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016].
DoEF A&N Administration. (n.d.). Forest. [online] Available at:
http://ls1.and.nic.in/doef/WebPages/History.html [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016].
Murthy, R. (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
Patterson Edward, J.K., Kulkarni, S., Jeyabaskaran, R., Lazarus, S., Anita, M., Venkataraman, K.,
Das, S.P., Tamelander, J., Rajasuriya, A., Jayakumar, K. and Kumaraguru, A.K., 2005. The effects
of the 2004 Tsunami on mainland India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Sekhsaria, P. (2002). Logging off, for now. Frontline, (19-01).
Sekhsaria, P. (2007). Andaman Trunk Road ignores SC order, affects Jarawas' lives. [online]
Down To Earth. Available at: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/andaman-trunk-road-
ignores-sc-order-affects-jarawas-lives-6033 [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016].
9. References
Sekhsaria, P. (2012). 'Because Andaman's forests are Jarawa infested …'. [online] The Hindu. Available
at: http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/because-andamans-forests-are-jarawa-
infested/article2811842.ece [Accessed 10 Aug. 2016].
Sundaramoorthy, T. (2003). Andaman and Nicobar Islands - A Historical Perspective. [online]
CPREEC. Available at: http://cpreec.org/166.htm [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016].
Sundaramoorthy, T. (n.d.). Andaman & Nicobar Islands - Endemic Diversity. [online] CPREEC.
Available at: http://cpreec.org/132.htm [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016].