ancient greek civilization

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GREEK EMPIRE
3650 – 1100 BC
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To acquaint student offrs with caps, types and chars of sniper
rifles used by Pakistan and Indian army
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AIM

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MAJOR PERIODS
• 3650 – 1100
BC
• 1100 – 750
BC
• 750 – 500 BC
• 500 – 338 BC
• 338 – 146 BC
Early
Civilizations
Greek Dark
Ages Archaic
Greece
Classical
Greece
Hellenistic
Greece

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EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
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CYCLADIC CIVILIZATION
• Cycladic Civilization on Delos, Naxos and
Paros built houses and temples of
finished stone.
• Marble sculptures are char from this
period.
Marble seated harp
player
2800-2700 BC

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MINOAN CIVILIZATION
• Minoan Civilization was named
after King Minos, and dev a
writing sys and became the
dominant sea power in the
region.
• It was possible destroyed by a
volcano eruption at Thera in
1450 BC.
Knossos Palace, Crete
ca. 1900 BC

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MYCENAEAN GREECE
• Mycenaean Civi originated from
Mycenae in Peloponnese and ext
through Crete and the Cycladic
Islands.
• They build large palace complexes
and art of fresco, pottery and
jewellery.
Terracotta chariot
krater
ca. 1375-1350 BC

8. Greek
Dark
Ages
1100 – 750 BC

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GREEK DARK AGES
• The Greek Dark Ages is so named because of the absence
of written docu.
• The collapse of the Mycaneans yielded little cultural
progress or growth.
1100-800
BC

10. Archaic
Greece
700 – 500 BC

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THE OLYMPIC GAMES
• The Olympic Games was one of four
major panhellenic games, and first
celebrated in 776 BC in Olympia in
honour of the god Zeus.
• The sports included running, wrestling,
boxing, pankration, equestrian and
pentathlon, and there could only be
one winner.
• A crown of olive branches was awarded
to the winner, who became the hero of
his hometown.
776
BC
Ancient Olympic Games
Olive branch

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HOMER
• Homer composed two major works,
‘the Iliad’ and ‘the Odyssey’ about the
time of the Trojan War.
• His works acts as a great pool of
information for the Greeks about their
gods, and has a great influence on Greek
culture.
ca. 750
BC
Homer

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DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS
• Laws by Draco (622/621 BC) was the
first written-down law in Athens.
• Solon (ca. 594 BC) gave a lower
classes a fairer chance, and
democracy began to develop.
• Cleisthenes (508/507 BC) introduced
isonomia (equal laws) in Athens, and
is called the father of democracy.
• Democracy in Athens allowed all
male citizens over 20 a voice in
government.
622-508
BC
Democracy in Athens

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DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS

15. Classical
Greece
500 – 323 BC

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PERSIAN WARS
• The Greek colonization of Asia
Minor prompted the Persian
Empire to invade Greece, but
failed at the ‘Battle of
Marathon’ in 490 BC, and finally
lost at Plataea in 379 BC.
• The wars meant the sacking of
the Athenian Acropolis and
Agora.
490-379
BC

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ATHENS
• The victory over the Persians gave
peace and prosperity to Athens
providing the city to flourish.
• Athens was with its powerful navy able
to demand tribute from other city
states and formed a defensive alliance,
the Delian League (477 BC).
• Under Pericles the Athenian Empire
dictated the laws, customs and trade
of all neighbours in Attica and the
islands of the Aegean.
• Great thinkers, writers and
artists flourished the city.
Athens city-
state
Pericle
s

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SPARTA
• Sparta was famous for its military prowess
with the best most feared fighters in
Greece.
• Sparta doubted Athenian sincerity and
formed the Peloponnesian League, and
preceived Athens as a bully and tyrant,
while Athens viewed Sparta with
growing distrust.
• Rivalry with Athens at the Peloponnesian
Wars (431-404 BC) and Corinth at the
Corinthian Wars (396-387 BC).
• Sparta joined the Achaean Confederacy
(195 BC) and came under Roman rule.

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GREEK ARCHITECTURE
• The Greeks build Doric and Ionic
temples like the Parthenon in Athens
and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
• The temples housed statues of Greek
gods and was symbolic buildings to be
admired from far afar.
• The Greek theatre was used for
presentation of plays and hosted
poetry recitals and musical
competitions.
• Famous stadiums were built at
Olympia and Nemea holding up to
45,000 spectators.

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GREEK THINKERS
• Socrates (469-399 BC) is considered the father of
western philosophy. Known for creating the
‘Socratic method’, which is based on asking
questions to stimulate critical thinking.
• Plato (428-348 BC) was a student of Socrates,
and founder of the ‘Academy of Athens’,
traditionally considered as the first university of
the western world.
• Aristotle (384-322 BC) pioneered sys, scientific
examination in many areas including biology,
politics, metaphysics, litterature, botany and etnics.

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PELOPONNESIAN
WARS • Athens and Sparta and their
respective allies were the two
major powers in Greece.
• Athens encourage an arrogance
that was intolerable to its
neighbours provoking the
Peloponnesian Wars between
Athens and Sparta (460-446
BC and 431-404 BC).
• Athens was defeated by Sparta, and
its empire and wealth was gone,
but Sparta was dragged into
conflicts against Thebes at the
Corinthian Wars (396-387 BC) and
ended bankrupt.
434-404
BC
Peloponnesian
War

22. Hellenistic
Greece
338 – 146 BC

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ALEXANDER THE
GREAT
• The fall of Athens and Sparta was filled by
Philip II of Macedon who beats the
Athenian forces at the Battle of
Chaeronea (338 BC), and Athens
came under Macedonian rule.
• His son Alexander took over after his death
(336 BC), and as Alexander the Great
he conquered Persia, Egypt, Asia Minor
and India (336-323 BC) and spread the
ideals of Greek civilization through his
conquests.
338-323
BC
Alexander the
Great

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• After the death of Alexander the Great his empire was divided
between four of his generals.
• The Roman Republic became interested in Greece, and defeated
Macedon at the Battle of Pydna (168 BC).
• Greece became a Protectorate of Rome (146 BC), and part of the
Roman Empire.
168-146
BC
Roman
Empire

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 Stealth and Precision
 Sniper Rifle is used for long rg precision fire on key tgts
 Detrimental force in the hands of the comd
 Hybrid / Conventional / sub conventional warfare
 Man behind the gun matters but importance of match grade rif can
not be denied
 One shot, one kill
INTRO 25

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PART – I - Comparison of Sniper Rifles (Pak & Ind
Army)
PART – II - Emp techs of Snipers
PART – III - Analysis
PART – IV - Recoms for Pak Army
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PART – I
COMPARISON OF SNIPER RIFLES (PAK & INDIAN ARMY)
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Chars/
Caps
AZB DMR Mk-1
Dragunov Sniper
RIFLE (SVD- 59)
Cal
7.62 mm x 51 mm
NATO
7.62 mm x 54 mm
R
Op Mech
Delayed Blow
Back
Gas Op
Wt 4.94 Kgs 4.30 Kgs
Eff Rg 600 m 800 m
Accuracy 2 MOA at 100 m 2 MOA at 100 m
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DMR

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Chars/
Caps
Steyr Sniper RIFLE
(SSG -69)
SIG Sauer SSG
3000
Cal
7.62 mm x 51 mm
NATO
7.62 mm x 51 mm
NATO
Op Mech Bolt Action Bolt Action
Wt 4.67 Kgs 5.44 kg
Eff Rg 800 m 900 m
Accuracy Up to 1 MOA Up to 1 MOA
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LSR

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Chars/
Caps
RPA Rangemaster
.50
Vidhwansak
(AMR)
Cal 12.7 mm x 99 mm 12.7 mm x 108 mm
Op Mech Bolt Action Bolt Action
Wt 16.95 Kgs 25 kg
Eff Rg 2000 m 1800 m
Accuracy 0.5 MOA Up to 1 MOA
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HSR

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PART – II
EMP TECHS OF SNIPERS
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EMP CONCEPT
Save Ammo
Int gathering
Ctr snipping
Strike terror
PRECISION
Long rg obsn

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SNIPER EMP TECHS
Sniper Emp
Def Ops
Offn Ops
BUA Ops
Minor Ops
Ctr Sniper Ops
SCW Ops

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 Snipers have been emp by both ctys at
 LOC
 High Value Tgt Ops
 CI Ops
 Pakistan emp snipers in fol ops:-
 Op Zarb-e-Azb
 Op Radd-ul-Fassad
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EMP OF SNIPERS

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PART III
ANALYSIS
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 Own sniper Rifles lack swappable barrel /
multi cal sys in order to shift from one cal to
another as per the msn specific tgt
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ANALYSIS

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 Proc of foreign sniper RIFs to enhance own sniper ops cap inc
dependence on foreign nations for nec upgradation / aqn of license
 In the absence of sound suppressor / sound moderator huge noise is
produced that may give away the posn of sniper (in BUAs spec)
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ANALYSIS

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 Lack of multi purpose optical sys for own sniper Rifles that can work
with equal eff in degraded B Fd or weather condition
 Rg calc eqpt has to be integrated on to the rifle to save precious time
and to make sniper able to hit tgt w/o un nec delay
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ANALYSIS

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PART IV
RECOMS
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 Proc of Rifles that offers swappable barrel /
multi cal such as Barret MRAD / Mk 22 that
allows fd-changeable barrels to accept
multiple cals
 Inc stand-off dist ensuring overmatch
against en ctr sniper engagements
 Designed with precision , modularity and
greater flexibility
Induction Plan
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RECOMS

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 Inc in production / induction of locally mfr
sniper RIFs such as AZB DMR Mk-1 and LSR
(PSR 90), dev by POF with customized
design
 Instl of precision sound suppressors to
reduce the sound of gun shot spec for SSR
(SSG-69)
 Cost eff = $ 300 - $ 2000 per unit
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RECOMS

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 Precision tgt acqn and eff engagement can be
achieved by instl Improved Ni / Day Obsn
Device (SPARTN by Leonardo, Italy)
 Snipers can get eff rg beyond 2000 ms
 It is an integrated sys that offers ni vis cap, rg
finding, magnification and extn tgt detection/
ident
 Cost eff = $11,900 (3,300,000 PKR) per unit
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RECOMS

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CONCL
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CONCL
Concl
Adoption of MRAD
Use of DMRs
Focus on Semi-auto Rifles
Skill makes the diff, Rifle is only a
tool

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THANK YOU
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