The oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharynx. It contains the lips, cheeks, gums, hard palate, tongue, and floor of the mouth. The blood supply to these structures comes from branches of the external carotid artery like the facial, maxillary, and lingual arteries. Lymphatic drainage from the oral cavity goes to the deep cervical lymph nodes.

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2. The oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus,
i.e.up to the level of anterior pillar of tonsils.

5. Lips
The lip starts at the junction of facial skin and vermillion
border and ends at the point where the upper and lower
lips meet when the mouth is closed.

6. The philtrum is the
shallow vertical groove seen
in the midline on the outer
surface of the upper lip.
Median folds of mucous
membrane the labial frenulae,
connect the inner surface of the
lips to the gums.

7. Blood supply
The facial artery:
1.The superior labial artery : (the upper lip)
2.Inferior labial artery:(the lower lip)
These arteries anastomose with each other to form
an arterial ring.

8. • The buccal mucosa extends from the inner surfaces of the upper and
lower lips to the labial aspect of the maxilla and mandible
• The inner surface of each lip is connected in the middle line to the
corresponding gum by afold of mucous membrane,the labial
frenulum.
• The retrocommissural region is situated
between the labial commissure and the opening of Stensen’s duct
(the drainage duct of the parotid gland)
CHEEK MUCOSA

10. Blood supply
1. The angular artery,a terminal branch of the facial artery (the superior part of the cheek).
2. The maxillary artery is the larger (the cheek mucosa,teeth,gingivae,and palate)

11. Gums and alveolar process:
The alveolus and the accompanying gingiva extend from gingivobuccal
sulcus laterally to the floor of mouth and hard palate and make up the
dental surface of maxilla andmandible
Retromolar trigone:
The retromolar trigone is theregiondefinedbyascendingramusofmandible
startingoneachsidejustpriortothelastmolartoothandendingadjacenttothe
tuberosityofmaxilla

12. Teeth

15. Hard palate
A: transverse rugae of hard
palate; B: median raphe of hard
palate; C: median raphe of soft
palate.
 The hard palate is the area medial to the maxillary alveolar ridges
and extends posteriorly to the soft palate [part of oropharynx]
 The hard palate form the roof of the mouth separating mouth from
the nose
 Deep to the mucosal lining , the hard palate is formed by palantine
process of the maxillary bone and palantine bone.

17. Tongue
• Only anterior two-thirds of tongue are included in
the oral cavity.
• Oral tongue is divided into tip, lateral borders,
dorsum and the under surface.
• The mucous membrane of the upper surface of the
tongue can be divided into anterior and posterior
parts by a V-shaped sulcus,the sulcus terminalis.
• The apex of the sulcus projects backward and is
marked by a small pit,the foramen cecum.
• Three types of papillae are present on the upper
surface of the anterior two thirds of the tongue: the
filiform papillae, the fungiform papillae, and the
vallate papillae.

18. • In the midline anteriorly,the
undersurface of the tongue is
connected to the floor of the mouth
by a fold of mucous membrane, the
frenulum of the tongue.

19. • Nerve supply:Hypoglossal nerve
• Blood supply:The lingual artery,the tonsillar
branch of the facial artery,and the ascending
pharyngeal artery supply the tongue.The
veins drain into the internal jugular vein.

20. Floor of mouth
 The floor of the mouth extends from the lingual
surface of the mandible to the ventral tongue
anteriorly, and to the glossotonsillar sulcus
posteriorly.
 The right and left sides are separated by
lingual frenulum.

22. Summary
• Oral cavity divided into vestibule and cavity proper.
• Blood is supplied to the oral vestibule and oral cavity via branches of
the external carotid artery (facial,maxillary,and lingual).
• All of the lingual veins terminate,directly or indirectly,in the internal
jugular vein
• All lymphatics from the head and neck drain directly or indirectly into
the deep cervical lymph nodes.