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Letter of Transmittal
December 14, 2017.
Mahruba Akhter
Assistant Professor
Department of Management
Government Bangla College
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Subject: Submission of Term Paper.
Dear Madam,
With due respect and humble submission, I would like to present my term paper entitled
“Analysis of The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance”
to you. This term paper is part and partial requirement for the fulfillment of my M.B.A program
in Management. I have tried my level best to fulfill essential requirements.
I will be very grateful, if you could kindly provide me with your valuable feedback on this
study of mine. Hopefully, it will meet the requirements and your expectations.
Sincerely Yours
……………………………….............
Sammi Islam
Roll. No. 39229
Department of Management
MBA (Session: 2014-15)
Government Bangla College
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Student Declaration
I, Sammi Islam, hereby provide total and complete assertion that the entire term paper entitled
“Analysis of The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance”
is prepared by me with the guidelines that have been provided by my supervisor and through
maintaining the regulations of the institution as well. Proper citation of the use literature has
been done to ensure the authenticity of the research.
Along with that, I also assure that the research is authentic and genuine from every dimension
of the research. And it is only prepared for academic requirements not for any other purpose.
……………………………….............
Sammi Islam
Roll. No. 39229
Department of Management
MBA (Session: 2014-15)
Government Bangla College
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Supervision Declaration
I hereby declare that this term paper is prepared by Sammi Islam, Roll No. 39229, Department
of Management, MBA (Session: 2014-15); using relevant documents according to my assigned
topic “Analysis of The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational
Performance”. I also certify that the term paper is student’s own work and effort, and all other
sources of information used have been acknowledged. The term paper seems authentic to me
and is submitted with my approval.
I wish her every success in life.
…………………………………………
Mahruba Akhter
Assistant Professor
Department of Management
Government Bangla College
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Acknowledgment
My gratitude goes to the Almighty God for giving me this privilege and grace to go through
the entire process of writing this term paper.
I would like to acknowledge the contribution of my respected teacher and supervisor Mahruba
Akhter to assist and guide me through the entire process of conducting the research. It would
not have been possible for me without the helpful guidance of the supervisor to come up with
a study like this. Along with that I also acknowledge and give my heartfelt gratitude to the
respondents who gave in their precious time and response that has made the research to be
possible and authentic in the first place.
So, I would like to thank specially my supervisor and the respondents with all my heart that
they have made it possible for me to conduct the entire research successfully.
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Executive Summary
The success of modern business is apparent, but recently there is much concern in the business-
and-society literature and in the general press on whether business fulfils its social role
responsibly. Business ethics, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance
movements have been developed in recent decades as responses to a growing sense of corporate
wrongdoing. The term paper is about the certain impact of corporate social responsibility on
organizational performance. The research paper follows the interpretivist philosophy and
potential deductive research approach to attain those specified objectives. The research design
of the term paper is certain descriptive research design and the crucial quantitative research
method is also applied in this research. For collecting the necessary primary data, there is
conducted a survey where the respondents are interviewed by a close ended questionnaire. In
this research paper, the non-probability sampling method is used to determine the 100 samples.
In the data collection process, the questionnaire is designed by using five-point Likert scale.
So, the survey is effective for gathering essential data for the research to identify the impact of
corporate social responsibility on organizational performance.
After the successful survey and data collection, the analysis of the survey responses is
illustrated and described by using various different statistical figures, graphs, charts, tables.
From the survey analysis, the research paper represents certain major findings and
recommendations. Through the data analysis the research is identified the purpose of research.
So, the research is determined the positive and effective impacts of the corporate social
responsibility on organizational performance. So, by these research outcome, the learners and
the organizations can utilize the information to better knowledge and implementation in
practical use appropriately. So, the organizations should properly emphasize on the identified
factors of corporate social responsibility to improve the organizational performance.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ..........................................................................................................8
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8
1.2 Background of the Study .................................................................................................8
1.3 Statement of the problem.................................................................................................9
1.4 Objectives of the Research.............................................................................................10
1.4.1 General objectives...................................................................................................10
1.4.2 Specific Objectives .................................................................................................10
1.5 Research Questions........................................................................................................11
1.6 Scope of the Study .........................................................................................................11
1.7 Limitations of the Study.................................................................................................11
Chapter 2: Literature Review...............................................................................................12
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................12
2.2 Corporate social responsibility ......................................................................................12
2.3 Organization performance .............................................................................................13
2.4 Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance ........................................13
2.5 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Issues ..........................................14
2.6 Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Society .............................................14
2.7 Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance ........................................14
2.8 Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage.......................................15
2.9 Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................15
2.10 Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value ........................................................16
2.11 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................16
Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology...................................................................17
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................17
3.2 Research Purpose...........................................................................................................17
3.3 Research Strategy...........................................................................................................18
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3.4 Sampling Method...........................................................................................................19
3.5 Data collection Method..................................................................................................20
3.5.1 Primary Data collection ..........................................................................................20
3.5.2 Secondary data collection .......................................................................................20
3.6 Survey Questionnaire.....................................................................................................20
3.7 Data Analysis plan.........................................................................................................23
3.8 Ethical Consideration.....................................................................................................23
Chapter 4: Data analysis and Presentation .........................................................................24
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................24
4.2 Demographic Analysis...................................................................................................24
4.3 Quantitative Data Analysis (Survey Questionnaire)......................................................26
Chapter 5: Research Findings ..............................................................................................37
Chapter 6: Conclusion...........................................................................................................38
6.1 Recommendations..........................................................................................................38
6.2 Conclusions....................................................................................................................39
References & Bibliographies.................................................................................................41
Appendices..............................................................................................................................43
Appendix - A: (Survey Questionnaire)................................................................................43
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate
citizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporate social
performance, is a form of corporate self - regulation integrated into a business model. CSR
policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would
monitor and ensure their adherence to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Business
would embrace responsibility for the impact of their activities on the environment, consumers,
employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. The
corporate social responsibility has great impact and influence to the organizational performance
(Korkchi and Rombaut, 2006).
The term paper aims to understand the theoretical impact of a brand on the consumer decision-
making process. For completing the term paper, the author will describe certain necessary
issues like background of the study, statement of the problem, aim of the research, objective of
the research, research questions, and research hypothesis. The author will also discuss essential
literature reviews, research design and methodology, data analysis and presentation. Finally,
the author will describe the crucial findings from the analysis and according to the findings;
the author will recommend certain significant factors about the impact of corporate social
responsibility on organizational performance.
1.2 Background of the Study
It’s now recognized that sustainable development and reduction of poverty are the key issues
that need to be addressed by the governments, mostly in the developing world. However, the
government cannot meet this alone without the help of the private sector. Policy makers are
paying much attention to the potential contribution of the private sector to such policy
objectives. As the issue of sustainable development becomes more important, CSR becomes
an element that addresses these issues and therefore it becomes more vital in the daily
operations of the organizations (Pranjali, 2011).
CSR is being used today to establish good rapport with the public according to Nolan, Norton
and Co (2009). It is also used as pre-emption strategy by the corporations to save their skin
from unforeseen risks and corporate scandals, possible environmental accidents, governmental
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rules and regulations, protect eye-catching profits, brand differentiation, and better relationship
with employees based on volunteerism terms. Corporations today are much conscious to
publish their CSR activities on their websites, sustainability reports and their advertising
campaigns in order to get the sympathy of the customer.
CSR is also practiced because customers as well as governments today are demanding more
ethical behaviors from organizations. In response, corporations are volunteering themselves to
incorporate CSR as part of their business strategies, mission statement and values in multiple
domains, respecting labor and environmental laws, while taking care of the contradictory
interest of various stake holders according to Kashyap et al (2006).
Another justification in favor of CSR actions by the leading corporations today is to gain
competitive advantage which may not be enjoyed by the peer corporations. CSR actions in this
respect also help corporations to attract and retain not only customers but also motivated
employees, which in turn ensure long-term survival of the corporation. Drumright (1996)
supported that companies with sound CSR actions developed positive social identity and
enjoyed increased loyalty from both customers and employees. CSR actions are also often
associated with better financial performance of the organizations. Margolis et al. (2001) has
found significant positive relationship between CSR and corporate financial performance;
Research has shown that companies that care for the environment and exhibit good CSR
practices experience increased consumer purchase preference in addition to increased
investment appeal according to Gildea (1994) and Zaman et al (1996).
So, the significance of CSR to the organizational operations inspires the researcher to take a
closer look at the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance.
1.3 Statement of the problem
There is no evidence about the relationship between corporate social responsibility and
organization performance that include financial and non-financial performance. In spite of the
existing of some literature about the role of corporate social responsibility in the aspects of
environment and society, there is a significance gap about how corporate social responsibility
improves organization performance due to lack of documented evidence of the benefits hence
the researchers focus was to find out the effect of CSR on organization performance based on
selected commercial organizations as we find out whether these institutions realize any benefits
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from the much they spend. Whereas this performance can be attributed to a host of factors,
including CSR activities that have been reported overtime, the effect of CSR on this
performance is not clear. So, the researcher will emphasize on identifying the certain impact of
corporate social responsibility on organizational performance.
1.4 Objectives of the Research
1.4.1 General objectives
The general objective of a research is the basic point or topic of the research. The general
objective of the research is what we are mainly focused or try to identify, determine, or
understand from the certain research. So, the general objective of the research is very potential
for any research. In case of this term paper, the general objective of the research is to analyze
the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance.
1.4.2 Specific Objectives
Usually the specific objective of a research is broader than the general objective of the research.
In this specific objective of the research, the author tries to divide the general objective of the
research in some important parts so that the author can do the research properly and can find
out or reach to the research target. Here the author determines some crucial specific objectives
of the research in following:
➢ To identify the significance of corporate social responsibility to the organizations.
➢ To find out the certain influence of corporate social responsibility to the customers
or clients.
➢ To assess the impacts of corporate social responsibility on the employee individual
outcome.
➢ To determine the impact of corporate social responsibility on the overall
organizational performance.
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1.5 Research Questions
Research questions are the specific questions that a researcher sets to figure out the certain
answers he/she is looking for. The author tries to set some vital questions for finding out the
impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. Those research
questions are in below:
✓ What are the significance of corporate social responsibility to the organizations?
✓ How does the corporate social responsibility influence the customers or clients?
✓ Are there certain impacts of corporate social responsibility on the employee
individual outcome?
✓ What are the impacts of corporate social responsibility on the overall organizational
performance?
1.6 Scope of the Study
CSR communication is growing field of research and new forms of media are being added into
the communication channels so research including blogs and social media would help in
making CSR communication research more exhaustive and holistic. A bifurcation of the
companies of the same sector by size and comparing the CSR communication of the SME and
MNCs will help bring out a sharper picture of the CSR communication because most MNCs
are large sized company’s whereas several other companies are much smaller in terms of
revenue, history and area of operation and employees. Analysis of pictures and semantics and
linguistic analysis would help bring out a sharper picture of communication from the point of
view of language used and its interpretations and implications.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
In case of completing the research, the author will face various limitations. The most common
limitations are faced regarding the time, money and resource. The research was developed to
be as much accurate as possible in spite of the present limitations of time, money and resource.
Other than that, there is limitation of knowledge that I sincerely request my respected
supervisor to consider. Through effective planning and proper minimization of the inputs the
author managed to formulate satisfying output from the research.
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Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter two of the term paper is literature review. To review of proper and relevant topics and
factors of the research according to different secondary sources; such as- books, journal,
articles, related websites, etc. From those secondary sources, the author is discussed the
relevant facts critically. The literature review will be capable of demonstrating the inter link
between the aspect that will be discussed within the literature review in depth (Saunders, 2009).
2.1 Introduction
In this term paper, the author is emphasized on the better review of various related topic of the
research. So, the author selects certain topics for the literature review of the term paper; the
impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. Those specific and
relevant points of the literature review are the corporate social responsibility, organization
performance, corporate social responsibility and financial performance, corporate social
responsibility and environmental issues, effect of corporate social responsibility on the society,
corporate social responsibility and corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and
competitive advantage, conceptual framework, and corporate social responsibility and firm
value.
2.2 Corporate social responsibility
The European Commission (2006) affirms, the CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate
social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with
their stakeholders on a voluntary basis Corporate social responsibility understanding is limited
due to the vast and absence of consensual definitions of the concept Weber (2008) says a
universally accepted definition of CSR is yet to emerge. Indeed, Amaeshi and Adi (2005) argue
that there are as many definitions of CSR as there are writers on the topic. It has been described
as an ambiguous, vague, subjective, unclear, amorphous and fuzzy (Weber, 2008).
CSR refers to the responsibility of the stake holders and the community that influence corporate
policies and practices according to Khanifar et al., (2012). CSR is also considered to be
influenced by the institutional environment in which companies operate (Gilbert, 2008). I.e.
the surrounding where the firm is situated forces the firm into becoming more responsible by
handling issues that are currently affecting the environment. For example, in the banking
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industry they are need to allure and retain customers in order to compete favorably with other
banks. Corporate social responsibility has become the buzz word in business literature now-
days (Khanifar et al., 2012).
2.3 Organization performance
Klassen and McLaughlin (2006) after carrying out their research; they conclude that corporate
social responsibility can play a positive role in improving corporate organization performance.
Cheruiyot (2010) carried out a research to establish the relationship between corporate social
responsibility and financial performance of firms. His conclusion was that there was a
statistically significant relationship between CSR and organization performance. Li X., (2009)
measured different corporations in China on an assessment index system and found that
organization with higher scores have high financial performance. Obusubiri (2006) in a study
on CSR and portfolio performance also found a positive relationship between CSR and
portfolio performance. He attributed this positive relationship to good corporate image that
comes with CSR making investors prefer such companies. The good CSR behavior has a
reputational benefit for the company (Cheruiyot, 2010).
2.4 Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance
Several studies have tried to explain the relationship between CSR and financial performance
of firm. Among the list, Mittal et al (2008) investigated the relationship between CSR and
organizational profitability in terms of economic value added and market value added. The
authors found that there exists a positive relationship between CSR and company's reputation
and that there is little evidence that companies with a code of ethics would generate
significantly more economic value added and market value added than those without codes.
Also, Hossein, et al. (2012) examined the link between CSR and economic performance by
examining different impacts of positive and negative CSR activities on financial performance
of hotel, restaurant and airline companies, theoretically based on positivity and negativity
effects. Findings suggest mixed results across different industries contributing to companies.
appropriate strategic decision-making for CSR activities by providing more precise
information regarding the impacts of each directional CSR activity on financial performance.
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2.5 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Issues
Some studies focused on the impact of CSR on the environment. For instance, Lyon and
Maxwell, (2008) examined the relationship between CSR and the environment. The study
showed how both market and non-market forces are making environmental CSR profitable,
and discussed altruistic CSR. The authors found that non-governmental organizations strongly
influence CSR activities, through both public and private politics. The authors posit that CSR
can have varied effects; from attracting green consumers or investors, to preempting
government regulation, to encouraging regulation that burdens rivals. They however, observed
that welfare effects of CSR are subtle, and there is no guarantee that CSR enhances social
welfare. Also, Tilt (2010) examined the contribution of accounting and accountants to the
debate and practice of CSR. The study concluded that accountants. interest in CSR is much
wider ranging than simply an interest in the financial impacts on society (Lyon, 2008).
2.6 Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Society
The area of CSR and society is not left out in the studies on CSR. Of the studies, Swapna,
(2011) investigated the role of CSR in community development (CD). The study concluded
that being so much dependent, business has definite responsibility towards community
development. In another study Okeudo (2012) examined the effect of social responsibility (SR)
on the society. The study concluded that the society stands to benefit from company SR.
2.7 Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance
Among studies conducted on CSR and Corporate Governance is Germanova, (2008)
investigation of the practice of CSR as Corporate Governance Tool in Bulgaria. He concluded
that SR connects to governance at values level, making companies accountable to broad range
of stakeholders (employees, suppliers, local community, and society at large) and incorporating
social and environmental values in their operations in order to manage their relations with these
stakeholders that can have impact on the company development (Germanova, 2008).
Also, Choi, Lee and Park investigated the relationship between CSR, Corporate Governance
and Earnings Quality and found that CSR ratings are negatively associated with the level of
earnings management for overall firms but positive relationship for firms with highly
concentrated ownership.
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2.8 Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage
Studies conducted on the association between CSR strategies and competitive advantage, have
all agreed that CSR enhances a firm’s competitive advantage. Amongst the studies
investigating the impact of CSR strategies on competitive advantage, Filho, et al., (2010) found
that there is an intense association between social responsibility, corporate strategy and
competitive advantage. Similarly, Shuili, et al., (2007) examined the moderating influence of
the extent to which a brand's social initiatives are integrated into its competitive positioning on
consumer reactions to CSR. The researchers‟ found that positive CSR beliefs held by
consumers are associated not only with greater purchase likelihood but also with longer-term
loyalty and advocacy behaviors. More importantly, the study found that not all CSR initiatives
are created equal: a brand that positions itself on CSR, integrating its CSR strategy with its
core business strategy, is more likely than brands that merely engage in CSR to reap a range of
CSR-specific benefits in the consumer domain (Shuili, et al., 2007).
2.9 Conceptual Framework
Source: (Filho, et al., 2010).
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2.10 Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value
Some studies have been carried out on CSR and firm value. A study in this area, Servaes and
Tamayo, (2013) investigated the role of customer awareness with respect to the impact of CSR
on firm value. The study showed that CSR and firm value are positively related for firms with
high customer awareness, as proxy by advertising expenditures. The relation is either negative
or insignificant for firms with low customer awareness. In addition, the authors, Servaes and
Tamayo, found that the effect of awareness on the CSR–value relation is reversed for firms
with a poor prior reputation as corporate citizens. This evidence is consistent with the view that
CSR activities can add value to the firm but only under certain conditions. In the work,
awareness is just a by-product of firm advertising (Servaes and Tamayo, 2013).
2.11 Chapter Summary
The purpose of the term paper is to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on
organizational performance. So, to understand the term paper topic and related issues, the
author has described the specific and relevant points in the literature review. So, in the above,
the author has discussed very crucial description of the corporate social responsibility,
organization performance, corporate social responsibility and financial performance, corporate
social responsibility and environmental issues, effect of corporate social responsibility on the
society, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance, corporate social
responsibility and competitive advantage, conceptual framework, and corporate social
responsibility and firm value. The above discussion will help to collect essential primary data
and analyzing the collected information effectively.
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Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology
The research design and methodology are the structure that the research paper will be following
in case of conducting the entire research. The research design and methodology are the frame
work that will guide the entire prospect of the research.
3.1 Introduction
The research methodology will elaborately illustrate all the aspects such as the research
purpose, research strategy, the sampling method, data collection method, data analysis plan,
survey questionnaire and also ethical consideration. These all are discussed according to the
entire methodology of the term paper.
3.2 Research Purpose
Based on the situation of the research there are three basic type of research purpose.
Exploratory research and descriptive research and causal research are two basic type of
research purpose. Exploratory research is designed to find out the insight and perception of
problem or situation. It focuses on the search of the problem through the understanding of the
insight of the problem or the situation. The main function of these type of research is to
formulate a problem and thereafter define and explain the problem more concisely through
identifying alternative course of action and develop hypothesis based on the problem. Apart
from this, this research also focuses on the isolates key variables and forms relationship to
reach the findings of the research (Malhotra, 2008).
On the other hand, the descriptive research is of the major objective to describe the
characteristic of a group of people of the function of the group of people. It tends to analyze
and explain the function of the group of peoples as well as determine the characteristic of the
group of people through the findings of the research. The descriptive research is done in general
to find out the characteristics of a certain group of the function of the certain group. Through
the descriptive research, it is also possible that the perception of the product or service can be
identified through this research.
However, the causal research is made in order to obtain evidence regarding the cause and effect
of the relationships among two factors. Through the causal research the author is able to find
the relationship that is present along with the amount to which factors affect and has impact on
the other factor is determined through the causal research design (Malhotra, 2008).
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So, in case of the research that is being done by the author, the author has selected the means
of finding out the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. So,
the purpose of the research is exploratory research as it aims to find the impact of corporate
social responsibility on organizational performance.
3.3 Research Strategy
Research strategy is the process and steps that the author will be taking in case of conducting
the research entirely. The research strategy has to specify the aspect it is going to address as
well as the method that the research will follow in order to reach the findings of the research.
The research strategy has to be developed in a certain way so that the entire research can be
conducted through following that strategy.
Research can be conducted in two methods. The methods are applicable and related in respect
of the subject of research and the implication that comes along with it. The methods of research
are the qualitative method and the quantitative method. Qualitative research is done based on
the conceptual data that is gathered from the population. Qualitative research identifies the
findings through the experience and theoretical analysis of the related implications of the
subject. (Levin 2003). Quantitative research is the research that is done through statistical
analysis of the derived data. Quantitative research deals with the number and statistical
evidence present as information to reach conclusion and make decision from the research. The
probability of the quantitative research to be accurate is more compared to the qualitative
method (Rubin 2003).
This report will be done through the quantitative method. Entire process of research
methodology will be based on the quantitative approach. The analysis and findings from the
research will be incurred through the quantitative method of research. The questionnaire that
will be used in the research will be close ended questions. The questionnaire will be asked to
the respondents through online Google forms and the response of the participants will be
recorded and thus the information regarding the data of the research will be developed. Hence,
there are other measures that the author has to ensure that the close ended questions should be
developed in terms of the factors that have to be discussed in the entire research.
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The survey will be used as the tool because it will let the researcher to focus highly on each
independent variable and thus measure the impact of those variables on dependents variables.
The various methods of data collection and the sampling of the data also fall in the category of
broader research strategy which will be discussed later on (Sundaby, 2006).
3.4 Sampling Method
Sampling is a process by which the collected data from the population is sorted in a comparative
low group of data. The method that is used to take some data as sample for the population is
regarded as the sampling. There are various sampling methods. The most common sampling
method is the probability sampling and the non-probability sampling. The probability sampling
includes the probability of every person to be selected for the sampling in the other hand the
non-probability sampling does not leave any room for the sampling of everyone rather some
selective sampling is done through non-probability sampling. Probability sampling is able to
put forth more accurate data compared to the non-probability sampling (Marshal, 2010).
Therefore, non-probability sample technique will be used.
The non-probability sampling is normally associated with exploratory and explanatory
subjective matter. Convenience sample involves haphazard selection those cases are easiest to
obtain (Saunders, 2009). The sample size of the research will be 100 (respondents) for survey
questionnaire.
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3.5 Data collection Method
3.5.1 Primary Data collection
The research will collect data from the basis of the quantitative analysis so that there will be
some structured close ended questionnaire that will be applied in terms of the quantitative data
analysis. Participants will be needed to answer each one questions using a scale from 1 to 5,
with 5 being “Strongly Agree”, 4 being “Agree”, 3 being “Neutral”, 2 being “Disagree” and 1
being “Strongly Disagree”. The survey will be done on the respondents to collect the primary
data that will be used in the data analysis of the data (Schiffman, 2007).
3.5.2 Secondary data collection
Apart from primary data collection, there are various sources of secondary data as well. The
government publication, newspaper, books, journals etc. are the sources of the secondary data.
In case of secondary data, the author will collect data from the relevant secondary sources that
will justify the relevance of the data with the objective of the research. Critical analysis along
with compare and contrast will be made in order to assure proper use of the data (David, 2001).
3.6 Survey Questionnaire
The designed survey questionnaire for interviewing the respondents is given in below:
Survey Questionnaire
Dear Respondent,
A warm welcome goes to you at the beginning for being cooperative with me.
I am a student of Government Bangla College; Department of Management and I am
conducting a Research on “Analysis of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on
Organizational Performance”. I am conducting this survey as a partial requirement for my
term paper making and I ensure you that all the data given by you will be held confidential and
will be used only for academic purpose. I will be thankful to you for this cooperation.
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Section-1: Demographics Analysis
1. Name (Optional): ……………………….
2. Gender
(a) Male (b) Female
3. Age
(a) Below 20 (b) 20-35 (c) 36-50 (d) 51 or Above
4. Occupation
(a) Student (b) Service holder (c) Businessman (d) Others
5. Phone No. / Email (Optional): ……………………
Section-2: Survey Questionnaire
Using a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being “Strongly Agree” and 1 being “Strongly Disagree”, 3
being “Neutral”, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree in the following
particular statements.
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
1 2 3 4 5
Questions Strongly
Disagreed
Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly
Agreed
1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is
significant for every organization in this
competitive business world.
2. There are certain crucial effects of CSR on
the business operations of different
organizations.
3. Various actions of organizations regarding
Corporate Social Responsibility has
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You have completed the Survey. Thanks again for your precious time and cooperation!
positive influence to the customers or
clients of the organizations.
4. Proper CSR Activities can improve the
relationship among the organizations and
their customers which leads to enhanced
organizational performances.
5 Through doing certain Corporate Social
Responsibility activities, organization can
build better and clear customer perception
about their products or services.
6. The performance of an organization can be
influenced through conducting various
Corporate Social Responsibilities.
7. The CSR activities of an organization
usually develop the positive and dedicated
mentality among the employees.
8. The influence of the CSR operations of the
organizations to their staffs can
significantly improve the outcome of the
staffs.
9. Overall, the Corporate Social
Responsibility has very crucial impact on
the organizational performance.
10. Every organization should focus on and
practice appropriate Corporate Social
Responsibilities to sustain in the
competitive business market with
competitive advantage.
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3.7 Data Analysis plan
Data analysis is done keep the main objective of the research in consideration. The author will
analyze the data efficiently so that the available data get the best use of it. The author will use
quantitative approach in case of research method and probability sampling in analyzing the
information. Data analysis will be done through proper statistical illustration and calculation to
get the exact result. The author will use various tools and software such as Microsoft Excel,
SPSS and other related applications to analyze the data properly and statistically.
In presenting the findings of the research the author will utilize various software and
application as well such as various illustrations to exemplify the findings through pie chart,
graph chart, bar chart and many other illustrative tools.
3.8 Ethical Consideration
The access to information and ethics are critical and crucial aspects for success of research
project. The researcher will use secondary data to understand existing contextual and
theoretical frameworks whereas will use primary data to compare with theoretical frameworks
derived from literature review to understand contemporary situation of the impact of corporate
social responsibility on organizational performance.
The confidentiality will be respected in accordance with data protection act. The purpose of the
study already explained; even it is disclosed to the participants that participation is entirely
voluntary. Sufficient time will be given to the participants to understand the matter to answer
(Marshall and Rossman, 2006).
Page 24 of 46
Chapter 4: Data analysis and Presentation
4.1 Introduction
Every research is pursued to get the relevant findings of the study by which the conclusion of
the research can be drawn and the objectives of the study are evaluated in terms of the
respondents of the samples. This section of the research will initiate the results of survey
questions that have been conducted on the samples to find out the outcomes regarding
objectives. This survey questions have been designed in quantitative format and thus the
findings will be shown with different quantitative measures. The analysis of the quantitative
data is elaborated in the following:
4.2 Demographic Analysis
In conducting the survey and analyze the findings of the results, demographic analysis is an
important part. Demographic analysis dictates the nature of demography of the samples who
took part in this survey. The survey questionnaire contains some demographic questions
emphasizing the name, age, gender, educational qualifications and professional status of the
respondents. Demographic analysis will support the survey results in relation to the relevancy
of the research issue with the right demography who actually reflects the consideration of the
impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance.
 Gender of the Respondents
The above table represents that the respondents of the survey were 56% male and 44% female.
So, the researcher got more male respondents than the female respondents.
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 56 56%
Female 44 44%
Total 100
Page 25 of 46
 Age
Age Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Below 20 8 8% 8%
20-35 36 36% 44%
36-50 40 40% 84%
51 or above 16 16% 100%
Total 100 100%
The age of the respondents is crucial for this research as the age of the respondent can define
the experiences of products and services form different organizations and their CSR activities.
In this term paper, the below 20-year-old respondents were 8%, 20-35-year-old respondents
were 36%, 36-50-year-old respondents were 40%, and the 51-year-old or above respondents
were 16%. So, from the analysis, we can see that the most respondents were 36-50-year-old
which is a good thing for the research as they are all experienced. The following graph will
represent the age variance of the respondents.
56%
44%
Gender of Respondents
Male
Female
8
36
40
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Below 20 21-35 36-50 51 or above
Age of the Respondents
Page 26 of 46
 Occupation
Occupation Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Service Holder 57 57% 57%
Businessman 26 26% 83%
Student 5 5% 88%
Other 12 12% 100%
Total 100 100%
From the above table and the below graph will represent the certain occupation of the
respondents. From the table we can identify that the most respondent were service holder and
they were 57%. The other respondents were – the businessman 26%, student 5%, and others
were 12%. The service holder has vital experience in direct CSR operations in organizations.
4.3 Quantitative Data Analysis (Survey Questionnaire)
The quantitative data has been collected through conducting close ended questions. The
questions were designed to answer the various objectives that have been underlined in the
research. Each of the objectives was analyzed through getting the data related to the objectives
through 5 questions per objective. In total, there have been 25 questions that will be analyzed
through the five Likert scale. 1 being “Strongly Disagree” and 5 will be “Strongly Agree”.
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
1 2 3 4 5
57%
26%
5%
12%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Service Holder Businessman Student Others
Axis
Title
Occupation of Respondents
Page 27 of 46
Through the quantitative data analysis, the findings will be generated and through analyzing
the data the research findings will be met and the research objectives will be met as well. The
quantitative data analysis is stated in the following:
 Q. 1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in
this competitive business world.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 7 7% 7%
Disagreed 21 21% 28%
Neutral 5 5% 33%
Agreed 43 43% 76%
Strongly Agreed 24 24% 100%
Total 100 100%
By analyzing the survey responses of the certain statement “Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world”, the researcher
finds that the result shows the responses were strongly agreed 24%, agreed 43%, neutral 5%,
disagreed 21%, and strongly disagreed 7%. So, it can be said that the Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world.
The following bar chart represents the responses of the respondents.
7%
21%
5%
43%
24%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Strongly Disagreed
Disagreed
Neutral
Agreed
Strongly Agreed
Page 28 of 46
 Q. 2 There are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different
organizations.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 11 11% 11%
Disagreed 19 19% 30%
Neutral 8 8% 38%
Agreed 42 42% 80%
Strongly Agreed 20 20% 100%
Total 100 100%
In the statement 2, “There are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of
different organizations” the respondents were strongly agreed 20%, agreed 42%, neutral 8%,
disagreed 19%, and strongly disagreed 11%. Although the 19% respondents were disagreed
and 11% respondents were strongly disagreed, most of the respondent (strongly agreed 20%,
agreed 42%) were strongly agreed and agreed that there are certain crucial effects of CSR on
the business operations of different organizations.
11%
19%
8%
42%
20%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
Page 29 of 46
 Q. 3 Various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has
positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 4 4% 4%
Disagreed 16 16% 20%
Neutral 11 11% 31%
Agreed 46 46% 77%
Strongly Agreed 23 23% 100%
Total 100 100%
By analyzing the responses of the certain statement “Various actions of organizations regarding
Corporate Social Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the
organizations” we can identify the result from the above table that the most respondents think
that various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has positive
influence to the customers or clients of the organizations. So, the responses were like- strongly
agreed 23%, agreed 46%, neutral 11%, disagreed 16%, and strongly disagreed 4%. The below
graph shows the certain result of the survey outcome.
4
16
11
46
23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
Page 30 of 46
 Q. 4 Proper CSR Activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and
their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 6 6% 6%
Disagreed 18 18% 24%
Neutral 10 10% 34%
Agreed 30 30% 64%
Strongly Agreed 36 36% 100%
Total 100 100%
By analyzing the survey data, the researcher determine that 36% respondents were strongly
agreed, 30% respondents were agreed, 10% respondents were neutral, 18% respondents were
disagreed, and only 6% respondents were strongly disagreed that proper CSR activities can
improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced
organizational performances. So, by analyzing the result, it can be said that the Proper CSR
Activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which
leads to enhanced organizational performances. The responses are illustrated in following:
6%
18%
10%
30%
36%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
Page 31 of 46
 Q. 5 Through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization
can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 5 5% 5%
Disagreed 23 23% 28%
Neutral 7 7% 35%
Agreed 40 40% 75%
Strongly Agreed 25 25% 100%
Total 100 100%
In terms of the certain structured statement “Through doing certain Corporate Social
Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about
their products or services.”, the respondents were mostly agreed (40%). Besides, 25%
respondents were strongly agreed, neutral 7%, disagreed %23, and strongly disagreed 5%. So,
it can be identified that through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities,
organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services.
The following chart is shown the responses of the respondents of survey interview.
5
23
7
40
25
STRONGLY
DISAGREED
DISAGREED NEUTRAL AGREED STRONGLY AGREED
Page 32 of 46
 Q. 6 The performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting
various Corporate Social Responsibilities.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 7 7% 7%
Disagreed 15 15% 22%
Neutral 11 11% 33%
Agreed 43 43% 76%
Strongly Agreed 24 24% 100%
Total 100 100%
Through analyzing the statement no. 6 “The performance of an organization can be influenced
through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities”, we can determine that 43%
respondents were agreed, and 24% respondents were strongly agreed. So, it can be concluded
that the performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various
Corporate Social Responsibilities. The following bar chart will present the overall responses.
7%
15%
11%
43%
24%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Strongly Disagreed
Disagreed
Neutral
Agreed
Strongly Agreed
Page 33 of 46
 Q. 7 The CSR activities of an organization usually develop the positive and dedicated
mentality among the employees.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 7 7% 7%
Disagreed 21 21% 28%
Neutral 6 6% 34%
Agreed 47 47% 81%
Strongly Agreed 19 19% 100%
Total 100 100%
From the analysis of the responses, the researcher finds that the CSR activities of an
organization usually develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees.
Because the result shows that the most respondent 47% were agreed and 19% respondents were
strongly agreed about that. The other responses are showed in the graph below.
7%
21%
6%
47%
19%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
Page 34 of 46
 Q. 8 The influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can
significantly improve the outcome of the staffs.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 3 3% 3%
Disagreed 18 18% 21%
Neutral 5 5% 26%
Agreed 41 43% 67%
Strongly Agreed 33 24% 100%
Total 100 100%
The above table shows that 41% respondents were agreed and 33% were strongly agreed which
represents that the influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can
significantly improve the outcome of the staffs. The following column chart will present the
overall responses.
3
18
5
41
33
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
Page 35 of 46
 Q. 9 Overall, the Corporate Social Responsibility has very crucial impact on the
organizational performance.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 9 9% 9%
Disagreed 11 11% 20%
Neutral 13 13% 33%
Agreed 45 45% 78%
Strongly Agreed 22 22% 100%
Total 100 100%
After the analysis, it can be said that Overall, the Corporate Social Responsibility has very
crucial impact on the organizational performance. The survey analysis represents that 45%
respondent were agreed and 22 were strongly agreed with the statement. The other responses
are showed in the graph below:
9%
11%
13%
45%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
Page 36 of 46
 Q. 10 Every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social
Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive
advantage.
Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Strongly Disagreed 2 2% 2%
Disagreed 8 8% 10%
Neutral 14 14% 24%
Agreed 52 52% 76%
Strongly Agreed 24 24% 100%
Total 100 100%
In case of the last statement “Every organization should focus on and practice appropriate
Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with
competitive advantage”, 24% respondents were strongly agreed, 52% agreed, 14% neutral, 8%
disagreed, and 2% strongly disagreed with the statement. So, the result represents that every
organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to
sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage. The following chart
illustrates the survey outcome:
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
STRONGLY DISAGREED
DISAGREED
NEUTRAL
AGREED
STRONGLY AGREED
2%
8%
14%
52%
24%
Page 37 of 46
Chapter 5: Research Findings
Every research is conducted to carry out relevant findings regarding the problem of the
research. Outcomes of the research are very important to know the improvement areas and take
necessary actions to do so. In this part of the research, relevant findings will be discussed those
can be identified through the process of the research. So, the author discusses the major findings
of the research from data analysis in following:
 The survey analysis determined that the male respondents are more than the female
participants in the survey, most of the participants are 36-50 years old, and most of the
survey respondents are service holder which is a positive thing for the research since the
service holder has vital experience in direct CSR operations in organizations.
 By analyzing the survey responses, the researcher finds that the result shows most of the
respondents were agreed (43%) that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is
significant for every organization in this competitive business world.
 It can be determined from the research analysis that there are certain crucial effects of CSR
on the business operations of different organizations. We can also identify that the most
respondents think that various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social
Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations.
 The researcher determines that 36% respondents were strongly agreed & 30% respondents
were agreed that proper CSR activities can improve the relationship among the
organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. It
is also found that through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities,
organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services.
 Through analyzing the survey analysis outcome, we can determine that the performance of
an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social
Responsibilities. The researcher also finds that the CSR activities of an organization usually
develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees. The above survey
analysis shows that 41% respondents were agreed and 33% were strongly agreed that the
influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can significantly
improve the outcome of the staffs.
Page 38 of 46
 After reviewing the data analysis, it can be said that the Corporate Social Responsibility
has very crucial impact on the overall organizational performance. So, the result represents
that every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social
Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage.
So, from the above major research findings, it can be identified the impact of corporate social
responsibility on organizational performance.
Chapter 6: Conclusion
6.1 Recommendations
Recommendation of the research is the most important part for the researcher as it defines what
the decision makers should do based on the given data analysis and result of survey. Effective
recommendation can drive success for the decision makers by reflecting the key areas where
the issue lies and more concentration should be given. Some recommendations on the basis of
the research analysis and findings are discussed in below for the different organizations
regarding the corporate social responsibility study:
 Consumers and society in general expect more from the companies whose products they
buy. This sense has increased in the light of recent corporate social responsibility, which
enhanced public trust of corporations and public confidence. So, organizations should
practice corporate social responsibility.
 Growing influence of the media sees any mistakes by companies brought immediately to
the attention of the public. In addition, the Internet fuels communication among like-
minded groups and consumers—empowering them to spread their message, while giving
them the means to co-ordinate collective action. Regarding these issues, the corporate
social and ethical operations can be very effective.
 A CSR program can be an aid to recruitment and retention, particularly within the
competitive graduate student market. Potential recruits often ask about a firm’s CSR policy
during an interview, and having a comprehensive policy can give an advantage So,
organizations should focus on corporate social responsibility.
Page 39 of 46
 Managing risk is a central part of many corporate strategies. Reputation as take decades to
build up can be ruined in hours through incident such as corruption scandals or
environmental accident. These can also draw unwanted attention from regulators, courts,
governments & media. Building a genuine culture of doing the right thing within a
corporation can offset these risks.
 Brand differentiation in crowded market places, company’s striving for a unique selling
proposition. That can separate them from the competition in the minds of consumers. CSR
can play role in building customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values. License to
operate corporation are keen to avoid interference in their business through taxation. By
taking substantive voluntary steps, they can pursuit governments that they are taking issues
such as health & safety, diversity, or the environment seriously as good corporate citizen
with respect to labor standards and impacts on the environment. So, the implementation of
the corporate social responsibility is essential.
The above are the potential recommendations for the various organizations about the
importance and impact of corporate social responsibility on the organizational performance.
6.2 Conclusions
Corporate social responsibility has no boundaries and are not constrained by race, color, or
religion. Corporate social responsibility is a culture and unwritten contract with the community.
This invisible culture can shape brighter futures for nations. If employees don't see the point of
CSR initiatives, or understand the message, initiatives are unlikely to be effective. The research
is conducted to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational
performance. The first chapter of the research is based on the introductory aspect of the research
that includes the basic objective, aim, and research questions that the research paper will aim
to find the answer of. The second chapter of the research is the literature review where the
entire literary topic has been discussed in proportion. In order to do that, proper citation and
referencing has been done following the Harvard referencing system. Topics such as corporate
social responsibility, organization performance, corporate social responsibility and financial
performance, corporate social responsibility and environmental issues, effect of corporate
social responsibility on the society, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance,
Page 40 of 46
corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, conceptual framework, and
corporate social responsibility and firm value has been discussed in the literature review.
The research methodology chapter indicates the entire process through which the research was
done in general. The research is quantitative in nature. The research approach is deductive
research approach which will collect the data from primary as well as secondary sources. The
primary source is the survey questionnaire that was done by the author to find the necessary
data. The gathered data was analyzed properly in terms of the statistical and numerical measure.
Through the data analysis the research is identified the purpose of research. So, the research is
determined the positive and effective impacts of the corporate social responsibility on
organizational performance. So, by these research outcome, the learners and the organizations
can utilize the information to better knowledge and implementation in practical use
appropriately.
Page 41 of 46
References & Bibliographies
Alafi, K. and Al Sufy, F. J. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility Associated with Customer
Satisfaction and Financial Performance a Case Study with Housing Banks in Jordan,
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 2 No.15; pp. 102-115.
Bell, J. (2005) Doing Your Research Project, 4th ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Beurden, P. & Gossling, T. (2008). The Worth of Values – A Literature Review on the Relation
between Corporate Social and Financial Performance, Journal of Business Ethics, 82, pp. 407-
424.
Brettel, M. & Arendt, S. (2010) Understanding the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility
in corporate identity, image and firm performance, Management Decision, Vol. 48 Iss: 10 pp.
1469-1492.
Bryman, A. (2008) Social Research Methods, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2009) Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and
Postgraduate Students, 3rd ed. Palgrave Macmillan.
Easterby-Smith, M. Thorpe, R. Jackson, P. and Lowe, A. (2008) Management Research, 3rd
ed. Sage: London.
Fischer M Carol, (2009). Earnings management and corporate social responsibility: An in-class
exercise to illustrate the short-term and long-term consequences‖, Advances in Accounting
Education, Volume 10, Page 1 – 25
Gabriel Juan, (2009). Linking corporate social responsibility with admiration through
organizational outcomes‖, Social Responsibility Journal, Volume 5, Issue 4 , Page 499 – 511
Galbreath Jeremy, (2009). Building corporate social responsibility into strategy‖, European
Business Review, Volume 21, Issue 2, Page 109 – 127
Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2010) Research Methods for Managers, 4th ed. London: Sage.
Greening, D. W. & Turban (2000) Corporate Social Performance as a competitive advantage
in attracting a quality workforce, Business and Society, 3a (3), 254
Jones Brian, (2009). Corporate irresponsibility and corporate social responsibility: competing
reality, Social Responsibility Journal, Volume 5, Issue: 3 , Page 300 – 310
Page 42 of 46
Loureiro, S.M.C., Sardinha, I.M.D., & Reijnders, L. (2012). The Effect of Corporate Social
Responsibility on Consumer Satisfaction and Perceived Value: The Case of the Automobile
Marshall, C. And Rossman, G. B. (2010) Designing Qualitative Research, 5th ed. London:
Sage.
Moir Lance, (2001). What do we mean by corporate social responsibility? Corporate
Governance, Volume 1, Issue 2 Page 16 – 22
Moskowitz Jerry, (2008). The Growing Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility,
Business and Economics Volume 13, Number 3.
P. Lantos Geoffrey, (2001). The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility‖, Journal
of Consumer Marketing, Volume 18 , Issue 7 , Page: 595 – 632
Rahim, R.A., Jalaludin, F.W., & Tajuddin, K. (2011). The Importance of Corporate Social
Responsibility on Consumer Behavior in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal,
16(1), pp. 119–139.
Rundle-Thiele Sharyn, (2008). Raising the bar: from corporate social responsibility to
corporate social performance‖, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Volume 25, Issue 4, Page 245
– 253
Saunders, M. Lewis, P. and Thorn hill, A. (2010) Research methods for business students, 6th
ed. Prentice Hall, Harlow.
Scott Simeon, (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fetter of Profitability‖, Social
Responsibility Journal, Volume 3, Issue 4, Page 31 - 39
Sharp, J. A. Peters, J. and Howard, K. (2008) The Management of a Student Research Project,
4th ed. Aldershot: Gower.
Westhues, M. & Einwiller, S. (2006). Corporate Foundations: Their Role for Corporate Social
Responsibility, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 144-153.
Page 43 of 46
Appendices
Appendix - A: (Survey Questionnaire)
Dear Respondent,
A warm welcome goes to you at the beginning for being cooperative with me.
I am a student of Government Bangla College; Department of Management and I am
conducting a Research on “Analysis of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on
Organizational Performance”. I am conducting this survey as a partial requirement for my
term paper making and I ensure you that all the data given by you will be held confidential and
will be used only for academic purpose. I will be thankful to you for this cooperation.
Section-1: Demographics Analysis
1. Name (Optional): ……………………….
2. Gender
(a) Male (b) Female
3. Age
(a) Below 20 (b) 20-35 (c) 36-50 (d) 51 or Above
4. Occupation
(a) Student (b) Service holder (c) Businessman (d) Others
5. Phone No. / Email (Optional): ……………………
Section-2: Survey Questionnaire
Using a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being “Strongly Agree” and 1 being “Strongly Disagree”, 3
being “Neutral”, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree in the following
particular statements.
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
1 2 3 4 5
Page 44 of 46
Questions Strongly
Disagreed
Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly
Agreed
1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is
significant for every organization in this
competitive business world.
2. There are certain crucial effects of CSR
on the business operations of different
organizations.
3. Various actions of organizations
regarding Corporate Social
Responsibility has positive influence to
the customers or clients of the
organizations.
4. Proper CSR Activities can improve the
relationship among the organizations and
their customers which leads to enhanced
organizational performances.
5 Through doing certain Corporate Social
Responsibility activities, organization
can build better and clear customer
perception about their products or
services.
6. The performance of an organization can
be influenced through conducting
various Corporate Social
Responsibilities.
7. The CSR activities of an organization
usually develop the positive and
dedicated mentality among the
employees.
8. The influence of the CSR operations of
the organizations to their staffs can
Page 45 of 46
You have completed the Survey. Thanks again for your precious time and cooperation!
significantly improve the outcome of the
staffs.
9. Overall, the Corporate Social
Responsibility has very crucial impact
on the organizational performance.
10. Every organization should focus on and
practice appropriate Corporate Social
Responsibilities to sustain in the
competitive business market with
competitive advantage.

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Analysis Of The Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Organizational Performance.Pdf

  • 1.
  • 2. Page 1 of 46 Letter of Transmittal December 14, 2017. Mahruba Akhter Assistant Professor Department of Management Government Bangla College Dhaka, Bangladesh. Subject: Submission of Term Paper. Dear Madam, With due respect and humble submission, I would like to present my term paper entitled “Analysis of The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance” to you. This term paper is part and partial requirement for the fulfillment of my M.B.A program in Management. I have tried my level best to fulfill essential requirements. I will be very grateful, if you could kindly provide me with your valuable feedback on this study of mine. Hopefully, it will meet the requirements and your expectations. Sincerely Yours ………………………………............. Sammi Islam Roll. No. 39229 Department of Management MBA (Session: 2014-15) Government Bangla College
  • 3. Page 2 of 46 Student Declaration I, Sammi Islam, hereby provide total and complete assertion that the entire term paper entitled “Analysis of The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance” is prepared by me with the guidelines that have been provided by my supervisor and through maintaining the regulations of the institution as well. Proper citation of the use literature has been done to ensure the authenticity of the research. Along with that, I also assure that the research is authentic and genuine from every dimension of the research. And it is only prepared for academic requirements not for any other purpose. ………………………………............. Sammi Islam Roll. No. 39229 Department of Management MBA (Session: 2014-15) Government Bangla College
  • 4. Page 3 of 46 Supervision Declaration I hereby declare that this term paper is prepared by Sammi Islam, Roll No. 39229, Department of Management, MBA (Session: 2014-15); using relevant documents according to my assigned topic “Analysis of The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance”. I also certify that the term paper is student’s own work and effort, and all other sources of information used have been acknowledged. The term paper seems authentic to me and is submitted with my approval. I wish her every success in life. ………………………………………… Mahruba Akhter Assistant Professor Department of Management Government Bangla College
  • 5. Page 4 of 46 Acknowledgment My gratitude goes to the Almighty God for giving me this privilege and grace to go through the entire process of writing this term paper. I would like to acknowledge the contribution of my respected teacher and supervisor Mahruba Akhter to assist and guide me through the entire process of conducting the research. It would not have been possible for me without the helpful guidance of the supervisor to come up with a study like this. Along with that I also acknowledge and give my heartfelt gratitude to the respondents who gave in their precious time and response that has made the research to be possible and authentic in the first place. So, I would like to thank specially my supervisor and the respondents with all my heart that they have made it possible for me to conduct the entire research successfully.
  • 6. Page 5 of 46 Executive Summary The success of modern business is apparent, but recently there is much concern in the business- and-society literature and in the general press on whether business fulfils its social role responsibly. Business ethics, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance movements have been developed in recent decades as responses to a growing sense of corporate wrongdoing. The term paper is about the certain impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. The research paper follows the interpretivist philosophy and potential deductive research approach to attain those specified objectives. The research design of the term paper is certain descriptive research design and the crucial quantitative research method is also applied in this research. For collecting the necessary primary data, there is conducted a survey where the respondents are interviewed by a close ended questionnaire. In this research paper, the non-probability sampling method is used to determine the 100 samples. In the data collection process, the questionnaire is designed by using five-point Likert scale. So, the survey is effective for gathering essential data for the research to identify the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. After the successful survey and data collection, the analysis of the survey responses is illustrated and described by using various different statistical figures, graphs, charts, tables. From the survey analysis, the research paper represents certain major findings and recommendations. Through the data analysis the research is identified the purpose of research. So, the research is determined the positive and effective impacts of the corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. So, by these research outcome, the learners and the organizations can utilize the information to better knowledge and implementation in practical use appropriately. So, the organizations should properly emphasize on the identified factors of corporate social responsibility to improve the organizational performance.
  • 7. Page 6 of 46 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ..........................................................................................................8 1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8 1.2 Background of the Study .................................................................................................8 1.3 Statement of the problem.................................................................................................9 1.4 Objectives of the Research.............................................................................................10 1.4.1 General objectives...................................................................................................10 1.4.2 Specific Objectives .................................................................................................10 1.5 Research Questions........................................................................................................11 1.6 Scope of the Study .........................................................................................................11 1.7 Limitations of the Study.................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Literature Review...............................................................................................12 2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................12 2.2 Corporate social responsibility ......................................................................................12 2.3 Organization performance .............................................................................................13 2.4 Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance ........................................13 2.5 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Issues ..........................................14 2.6 Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Society .............................................14 2.7 Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance ........................................14 2.8 Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage.......................................15 2.9 Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................15 2.10 Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value ........................................................16 2.11 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................16 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology...................................................................17 3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................17 3.2 Research Purpose...........................................................................................................17 3.3 Research Strategy...........................................................................................................18
  • 8. Page 7 of 46 3.4 Sampling Method...........................................................................................................19 3.5 Data collection Method..................................................................................................20 3.5.1 Primary Data collection ..........................................................................................20 3.5.2 Secondary data collection .......................................................................................20 3.6 Survey Questionnaire.....................................................................................................20 3.7 Data Analysis plan.........................................................................................................23 3.8 Ethical Consideration.....................................................................................................23 Chapter 4: Data analysis and Presentation .........................................................................24 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................24 4.2 Demographic Analysis...................................................................................................24 4.3 Quantitative Data Analysis (Survey Questionnaire)......................................................26 Chapter 5: Research Findings ..............................................................................................37 Chapter 6: Conclusion...........................................................................................................38 6.1 Recommendations..........................................................................................................38 6.2 Conclusions....................................................................................................................39 References & Bibliographies.................................................................................................41 Appendices..............................................................................................................................43 Appendix - A: (Survey Questionnaire)................................................................................43
  • 9. Page 8 of 46 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporate social performance, is a form of corporate self - regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure their adherence to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Business would embrace responsibility for the impact of their activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. The corporate social responsibility has great impact and influence to the organizational performance (Korkchi and Rombaut, 2006). The term paper aims to understand the theoretical impact of a brand on the consumer decision- making process. For completing the term paper, the author will describe certain necessary issues like background of the study, statement of the problem, aim of the research, objective of the research, research questions, and research hypothesis. The author will also discuss essential literature reviews, research design and methodology, data analysis and presentation. Finally, the author will describe the crucial findings from the analysis and according to the findings; the author will recommend certain significant factors about the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. 1.2 Background of the Study It’s now recognized that sustainable development and reduction of poverty are the key issues that need to be addressed by the governments, mostly in the developing world. However, the government cannot meet this alone without the help of the private sector. Policy makers are paying much attention to the potential contribution of the private sector to such policy objectives. As the issue of sustainable development becomes more important, CSR becomes an element that addresses these issues and therefore it becomes more vital in the daily operations of the organizations (Pranjali, 2011). CSR is being used today to establish good rapport with the public according to Nolan, Norton and Co (2009). It is also used as pre-emption strategy by the corporations to save their skin from unforeseen risks and corporate scandals, possible environmental accidents, governmental
  • 10. Page 9 of 46 rules and regulations, protect eye-catching profits, brand differentiation, and better relationship with employees based on volunteerism terms. Corporations today are much conscious to publish their CSR activities on their websites, sustainability reports and their advertising campaigns in order to get the sympathy of the customer. CSR is also practiced because customers as well as governments today are demanding more ethical behaviors from organizations. In response, corporations are volunteering themselves to incorporate CSR as part of their business strategies, mission statement and values in multiple domains, respecting labor and environmental laws, while taking care of the contradictory interest of various stake holders according to Kashyap et al (2006). Another justification in favor of CSR actions by the leading corporations today is to gain competitive advantage which may not be enjoyed by the peer corporations. CSR actions in this respect also help corporations to attract and retain not only customers but also motivated employees, which in turn ensure long-term survival of the corporation. Drumright (1996) supported that companies with sound CSR actions developed positive social identity and enjoyed increased loyalty from both customers and employees. CSR actions are also often associated with better financial performance of the organizations. Margolis et al. (2001) has found significant positive relationship between CSR and corporate financial performance; Research has shown that companies that care for the environment and exhibit good CSR practices experience increased consumer purchase preference in addition to increased investment appeal according to Gildea (1994) and Zaman et al (1996). So, the significance of CSR to the organizational operations inspires the researcher to take a closer look at the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. 1.3 Statement of the problem There is no evidence about the relationship between corporate social responsibility and organization performance that include financial and non-financial performance. In spite of the existing of some literature about the role of corporate social responsibility in the aspects of environment and society, there is a significance gap about how corporate social responsibility improves organization performance due to lack of documented evidence of the benefits hence the researchers focus was to find out the effect of CSR on organization performance based on selected commercial organizations as we find out whether these institutions realize any benefits
  • 11. Page 10 of 46 from the much they spend. Whereas this performance can be attributed to a host of factors, including CSR activities that have been reported overtime, the effect of CSR on this performance is not clear. So, the researcher will emphasize on identifying the certain impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. 1.4 Objectives of the Research 1.4.1 General objectives The general objective of a research is the basic point or topic of the research. The general objective of the research is what we are mainly focused or try to identify, determine, or understand from the certain research. So, the general objective of the research is very potential for any research. In case of this term paper, the general objective of the research is to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. 1.4.2 Specific Objectives Usually the specific objective of a research is broader than the general objective of the research. In this specific objective of the research, the author tries to divide the general objective of the research in some important parts so that the author can do the research properly and can find out or reach to the research target. Here the author determines some crucial specific objectives of the research in following: ➢ To identify the significance of corporate social responsibility to the organizations. ➢ To find out the certain influence of corporate social responsibility to the customers or clients. ➢ To assess the impacts of corporate social responsibility on the employee individual outcome. ➢ To determine the impact of corporate social responsibility on the overall organizational performance.
  • 12. Page 11 of 46 1.5 Research Questions Research questions are the specific questions that a researcher sets to figure out the certain answers he/she is looking for. The author tries to set some vital questions for finding out the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. Those research questions are in below: ✓ What are the significance of corporate social responsibility to the organizations? ✓ How does the corporate social responsibility influence the customers or clients? ✓ Are there certain impacts of corporate social responsibility on the employee individual outcome? ✓ What are the impacts of corporate social responsibility on the overall organizational performance? 1.6 Scope of the Study CSR communication is growing field of research and new forms of media are being added into the communication channels so research including blogs and social media would help in making CSR communication research more exhaustive and holistic. A bifurcation of the companies of the same sector by size and comparing the CSR communication of the SME and MNCs will help bring out a sharper picture of the CSR communication because most MNCs are large sized company’s whereas several other companies are much smaller in terms of revenue, history and area of operation and employees. Analysis of pictures and semantics and linguistic analysis would help bring out a sharper picture of communication from the point of view of language used and its interpretations and implications. 1.7 Limitations of the Study In case of completing the research, the author will face various limitations. The most common limitations are faced regarding the time, money and resource. The research was developed to be as much accurate as possible in spite of the present limitations of time, money and resource. Other than that, there is limitation of knowledge that I sincerely request my respected supervisor to consider. Through effective planning and proper minimization of the inputs the author managed to formulate satisfying output from the research.
  • 13. Page 12 of 46 Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter two of the term paper is literature review. To review of proper and relevant topics and factors of the research according to different secondary sources; such as- books, journal, articles, related websites, etc. From those secondary sources, the author is discussed the relevant facts critically. The literature review will be capable of demonstrating the inter link between the aspect that will be discussed within the literature review in depth (Saunders, 2009). 2.1 Introduction In this term paper, the author is emphasized on the better review of various related topic of the research. So, the author selects certain topics for the literature review of the term paper; the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. Those specific and relevant points of the literature review are the corporate social responsibility, organization performance, corporate social responsibility and financial performance, corporate social responsibility and environmental issues, effect of corporate social responsibility on the society, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, conceptual framework, and corporate social responsibility and firm value. 2.2 Corporate social responsibility The European Commission (2006) affirms, the CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis Corporate social responsibility understanding is limited due to the vast and absence of consensual definitions of the concept Weber (2008) says a universally accepted definition of CSR is yet to emerge. Indeed, Amaeshi and Adi (2005) argue that there are as many definitions of CSR as there are writers on the topic. It has been described as an ambiguous, vague, subjective, unclear, amorphous and fuzzy (Weber, 2008). CSR refers to the responsibility of the stake holders and the community that influence corporate policies and practices according to Khanifar et al., (2012). CSR is also considered to be influenced by the institutional environment in which companies operate (Gilbert, 2008). I.e. the surrounding where the firm is situated forces the firm into becoming more responsible by handling issues that are currently affecting the environment. For example, in the banking
  • 14. Page 13 of 46 industry they are need to allure and retain customers in order to compete favorably with other banks. Corporate social responsibility has become the buzz word in business literature now- days (Khanifar et al., 2012). 2.3 Organization performance Klassen and McLaughlin (2006) after carrying out their research; they conclude that corporate social responsibility can play a positive role in improving corporate organization performance. Cheruiyot (2010) carried out a research to establish the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance of firms. His conclusion was that there was a statistically significant relationship between CSR and organization performance. Li X., (2009) measured different corporations in China on an assessment index system and found that organization with higher scores have high financial performance. Obusubiri (2006) in a study on CSR and portfolio performance also found a positive relationship between CSR and portfolio performance. He attributed this positive relationship to good corporate image that comes with CSR making investors prefer such companies. The good CSR behavior has a reputational benefit for the company (Cheruiyot, 2010). 2.4 Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance Several studies have tried to explain the relationship between CSR and financial performance of firm. Among the list, Mittal et al (2008) investigated the relationship between CSR and organizational profitability in terms of economic value added and market value added. The authors found that there exists a positive relationship between CSR and company's reputation and that there is little evidence that companies with a code of ethics would generate significantly more economic value added and market value added than those without codes. Also, Hossein, et al. (2012) examined the link between CSR and economic performance by examining different impacts of positive and negative CSR activities on financial performance of hotel, restaurant and airline companies, theoretically based on positivity and negativity effects. Findings suggest mixed results across different industries contributing to companies. appropriate strategic decision-making for CSR activities by providing more precise information regarding the impacts of each directional CSR activity on financial performance.
  • 15. Page 14 of 46 2.5 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Issues Some studies focused on the impact of CSR on the environment. For instance, Lyon and Maxwell, (2008) examined the relationship between CSR and the environment. The study showed how both market and non-market forces are making environmental CSR profitable, and discussed altruistic CSR. The authors found that non-governmental organizations strongly influence CSR activities, through both public and private politics. The authors posit that CSR can have varied effects; from attracting green consumers or investors, to preempting government regulation, to encouraging regulation that burdens rivals. They however, observed that welfare effects of CSR are subtle, and there is no guarantee that CSR enhances social welfare. Also, Tilt (2010) examined the contribution of accounting and accountants to the debate and practice of CSR. The study concluded that accountants. interest in CSR is much wider ranging than simply an interest in the financial impacts on society (Lyon, 2008). 2.6 Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Society The area of CSR and society is not left out in the studies on CSR. Of the studies, Swapna, (2011) investigated the role of CSR in community development (CD). The study concluded that being so much dependent, business has definite responsibility towards community development. In another study Okeudo (2012) examined the effect of social responsibility (SR) on the society. The study concluded that the society stands to benefit from company SR. 2.7 Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance Among studies conducted on CSR and Corporate Governance is Germanova, (2008) investigation of the practice of CSR as Corporate Governance Tool in Bulgaria. He concluded that SR connects to governance at values level, making companies accountable to broad range of stakeholders (employees, suppliers, local community, and society at large) and incorporating social and environmental values in their operations in order to manage their relations with these stakeholders that can have impact on the company development (Germanova, 2008). Also, Choi, Lee and Park investigated the relationship between CSR, Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality and found that CSR ratings are negatively associated with the level of earnings management for overall firms but positive relationship for firms with highly concentrated ownership.
  • 16. Page 15 of 46 2.8 Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage Studies conducted on the association between CSR strategies and competitive advantage, have all agreed that CSR enhances a firm’s competitive advantage. Amongst the studies investigating the impact of CSR strategies on competitive advantage, Filho, et al., (2010) found that there is an intense association between social responsibility, corporate strategy and competitive advantage. Similarly, Shuili, et al., (2007) examined the moderating influence of the extent to which a brand's social initiatives are integrated into its competitive positioning on consumer reactions to CSR. The researchers‟ found that positive CSR beliefs held by consumers are associated not only with greater purchase likelihood but also with longer-term loyalty and advocacy behaviors. More importantly, the study found that not all CSR initiatives are created equal: a brand that positions itself on CSR, integrating its CSR strategy with its core business strategy, is more likely than brands that merely engage in CSR to reap a range of CSR-specific benefits in the consumer domain (Shuili, et al., 2007). 2.9 Conceptual Framework Source: (Filho, et al., 2010).
  • 17. Page 16 of 46 2.10 Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value Some studies have been carried out on CSR and firm value. A study in this area, Servaes and Tamayo, (2013) investigated the role of customer awareness with respect to the impact of CSR on firm value. The study showed that CSR and firm value are positively related for firms with high customer awareness, as proxy by advertising expenditures. The relation is either negative or insignificant for firms with low customer awareness. In addition, the authors, Servaes and Tamayo, found that the effect of awareness on the CSR–value relation is reversed for firms with a poor prior reputation as corporate citizens. This evidence is consistent with the view that CSR activities can add value to the firm but only under certain conditions. In the work, awareness is just a by-product of firm advertising (Servaes and Tamayo, 2013). 2.11 Chapter Summary The purpose of the term paper is to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. So, to understand the term paper topic and related issues, the author has described the specific and relevant points in the literature review. So, in the above, the author has discussed very crucial description of the corporate social responsibility, organization performance, corporate social responsibility and financial performance, corporate social responsibility and environmental issues, effect of corporate social responsibility on the society, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, conceptual framework, and corporate social responsibility and firm value. The above discussion will help to collect essential primary data and analyzing the collected information effectively.
  • 18. Page 17 of 46 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology The research design and methodology are the structure that the research paper will be following in case of conducting the entire research. The research design and methodology are the frame work that will guide the entire prospect of the research. 3.1 Introduction The research methodology will elaborately illustrate all the aspects such as the research purpose, research strategy, the sampling method, data collection method, data analysis plan, survey questionnaire and also ethical consideration. These all are discussed according to the entire methodology of the term paper. 3.2 Research Purpose Based on the situation of the research there are three basic type of research purpose. Exploratory research and descriptive research and causal research are two basic type of research purpose. Exploratory research is designed to find out the insight and perception of problem or situation. It focuses on the search of the problem through the understanding of the insight of the problem or the situation. The main function of these type of research is to formulate a problem and thereafter define and explain the problem more concisely through identifying alternative course of action and develop hypothesis based on the problem. Apart from this, this research also focuses on the isolates key variables and forms relationship to reach the findings of the research (Malhotra, 2008). On the other hand, the descriptive research is of the major objective to describe the characteristic of a group of people of the function of the group of people. It tends to analyze and explain the function of the group of peoples as well as determine the characteristic of the group of people through the findings of the research. The descriptive research is done in general to find out the characteristics of a certain group of the function of the certain group. Through the descriptive research, it is also possible that the perception of the product or service can be identified through this research. However, the causal research is made in order to obtain evidence regarding the cause and effect of the relationships among two factors. Through the causal research the author is able to find the relationship that is present along with the amount to which factors affect and has impact on the other factor is determined through the causal research design (Malhotra, 2008).
  • 19. Page 18 of 46 So, in case of the research that is being done by the author, the author has selected the means of finding out the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. So, the purpose of the research is exploratory research as it aims to find the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. 3.3 Research Strategy Research strategy is the process and steps that the author will be taking in case of conducting the research entirely. The research strategy has to specify the aspect it is going to address as well as the method that the research will follow in order to reach the findings of the research. The research strategy has to be developed in a certain way so that the entire research can be conducted through following that strategy. Research can be conducted in two methods. The methods are applicable and related in respect of the subject of research and the implication that comes along with it. The methods of research are the qualitative method and the quantitative method. Qualitative research is done based on the conceptual data that is gathered from the population. Qualitative research identifies the findings through the experience and theoretical analysis of the related implications of the subject. (Levin 2003). Quantitative research is the research that is done through statistical analysis of the derived data. Quantitative research deals with the number and statistical evidence present as information to reach conclusion and make decision from the research. The probability of the quantitative research to be accurate is more compared to the qualitative method (Rubin 2003). This report will be done through the quantitative method. Entire process of research methodology will be based on the quantitative approach. The analysis and findings from the research will be incurred through the quantitative method of research. The questionnaire that will be used in the research will be close ended questions. The questionnaire will be asked to the respondents through online Google forms and the response of the participants will be recorded and thus the information regarding the data of the research will be developed. Hence, there are other measures that the author has to ensure that the close ended questions should be developed in terms of the factors that have to be discussed in the entire research.
  • 20. Page 19 of 46 The survey will be used as the tool because it will let the researcher to focus highly on each independent variable and thus measure the impact of those variables on dependents variables. The various methods of data collection and the sampling of the data also fall in the category of broader research strategy which will be discussed later on (Sundaby, 2006). 3.4 Sampling Method Sampling is a process by which the collected data from the population is sorted in a comparative low group of data. The method that is used to take some data as sample for the population is regarded as the sampling. There are various sampling methods. The most common sampling method is the probability sampling and the non-probability sampling. The probability sampling includes the probability of every person to be selected for the sampling in the other hand the non-probability sampling does not leave any room for the sampling of everyone rather some selective sampling is done through non-probability sampling. Probability sampling is able to put forth more accurate data compared to the non-probability sampling (Marshal, 2010). Therefore, non-probability sample technique will be used. The non-probability sampling is normally associated with exploratory and explanatory subjective matter. Convenience sample involves haphazard selection those cases are easiest to obtain (Saunders, 2009). The sample size of the research will be 100 (respondents) for survey questionnaire.
  • 21. Page 20 of 46 3.5 Data collection Method 3.5.1 Primary Data collection The research will collect data from the basis of the quantitative analysis so that there will be some structured close ended questionnaire that will be applied in terms of the quantitative data analysis. Participants will be needed to answer each one questions using a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being “Strongly Agree”, 4 being “Agree”, 3 being “Neutral”, 2 being “Disagree” and 1 being “Strongly Disagree”. The survey will be done on the respondents to collect the primary data that will be used in the data analysis of the data (Schiffman, 2007). 3.5.2 Secondary data collection Apart from primary data collection, there are various sources of secondary data as well. The government publication, newspaper, books, journals etc. are the sources of the secondary data. In case of secondary data, the author will collect data from the relevant secondary sources that will justify the relevance of the data with the objective of the research. Critical analysis along with compare and contrast will be made in order to assure proper use of the data (David, 2001). 3.6 Survey Questionnaire The designed survey questionnaire for interviewing the respondents is given in below: Survey Questionnaire Dear Respondent, A warm welcome goes to you at the beginning for being cooperative with me. I am a student of Government Bangla College; Department of Management and I am conducting a Research on “Analysis of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance”. I am conducting this survey as a partial requirement for my term paper making and I ensure you that all the data given by you will be held confidential and will be used only for academic purpose. I will be thankful to you for this cooperation.
  • 22. Page 21 of 46 Section-1: Demographics Analysis 1. Name (Optional): ………………………. 2. Gender (a) Male (b) Female 3. Age (a) Below 20 (b) 20-35 (c) 36-50 (d) 51 or Above 4. Occupation (a) Student (b) Service holder (c) Businessman (d) Others 5. Phone No. / Email (Optional): …………………… Section-2: Survey Questionnaire Using a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being “Strongly Agree” and 1 being “Strongly Disagree”, 3 being “Neutral”, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree in the following particular statements. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Questions Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed 1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world. 2. There are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different organizations. 3. Various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has
  • 23. Page 22 of 46 You have completed the Survey. Thanks again for your precious time and cooperation! positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations. 4. Proper CSR Activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. 5 Through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services. 6. The performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities. 7. The CSR activities of an organization usually develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees. 8. The influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can significantly improve the outcome of the staffs. 9. Overall, the Corporate Social Responsibility has very crucial impact on the organizational performance. 10. Every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage.
  • 24. Page 23 of 46 3.7 Data Analysis plan Data analysis is done keep the main objective of the research in consideration. The author will analyze the data efficiently so that the available data get the best use of it. The author will use quantitative approach in case of research method and probability sampling in analyzing the information. Data analysis will be done through proper statistical illustration and calculation to get the exact result. The author will use various tools and software such as Microsoft Excel, SPSS and other related applications to analyze the data properly and statistically. In presenting the findings of the research the author will utilize various software and application as well such as various illustrations to exemplify the findings through pie chart, graph chart, bar chart and many other illustrative tools. 3.8 Ethical Consideration The access to information and ethics are critical and crucial aspects for success of research project. The researcher will use secondary data to understand existing contextual and theoretical frameworks whereas will use primary data to compare with theoretical frameworks derived from literature review to understand contemporary situation of the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. The confidentiality will be respected in accordance with data protection act. The purpose of the study already explained; even it is disclosed to the participants that participation is entirely voluntary. Sufficient time will be given to the participants to understand the matter to answer (Marshall and Rossman, 2006).
  • 25. Page 24 of 46 Chapter 4: Data analysis and Presentation 4.1 Introduction Every research is pursued to get the relevant findings of the study by which the conclusion of the research can be drawn and the objectives of the study are evaluated in terms of the respondents of the samples. This section of the research will initiate the results of survey questions that have been conducted on the samples to find out the outcomes regarding objectives. This survey questions have been designed in quantitative format and thus the findings will be shown with different quantitative measures. The analysis of the quantitative data is elaborated in the following: 4.2 Demographic Analysis In conducting the survey and analyze the findings of the results, demographic analysis is an important part. Demographic analysis dictates the nature of demography of the samples who took part in this survey. The survey questionnaire contains some demographic questions emphasizing the name, age, gender, educational qualifications and professional status of the respondents. Demographic analysis will support the survey results in relation to the relevancy of the research issue with the right demography who actually reflects the consideration of the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance.  Gender of the Respondents The above table represents that the respondents of the survey were 56% male and 44% female. So, the researcher got more male respondents than the female respondents. Gender Frequency Percentage Male 56 56% Female 44 44% Total 100
  • 26. Page 25 of 46  Age Age Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Below 20 8 8% 8% 20-35 36 36% 44% 36-50 40 40% 84% 51 or above 16 16% 100% Total 100 100% The age of the respondents is crucial for this research as the age of the respondent can define the experiences of products and services form different organizations and their CSR activities. In this term paper, the below 20-year-old respondents were 8%, 20-35-year-old respondents were 36%, 36-50-year-old respondents were 40%, and the 51-year-old or above respondents were 16%. So, from the analysis, we can see that the most respondents were 36-50-year-old which is a good thing for the research as they are all experienced. The following graph will represent the age variance of the respondents. 56% 44% Gender of Respondents Male Female 8 36 40 16 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Below 20 21-35 36-50 51 or above Age of the Respondents
  • 27. Page 26 of 46  Occupation Occupation Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Service Holder 57 57% 57% Businessman 26 26% 83% Student 5 5% 88% Other 12 12% 100% Total 100 100% From the above table and the below graph will represent the certain occupation of the respondents. From the table we can identify that the most respondent were service holder and they were 57%. The other respondents were – the businessman 26%, student 5%, and others were 12%. The service holder has vital experience in direct CSR operations in organizations. 4.3 Quantitative Data Analysis (Survey Questionnaire) The quantitative data has been collected through conducting close ended questions. The questions were designed to answer the various objectives that have been underlined in the research. Each of the objectives was analyzed through getting the data related to the objectives through 5 questions per objective. In total, there have been 25 questions that will be analyzed through the five Likert scale. 1 being “Strongly Disagree” and 5 will be “Strongly Agree”. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 57% 26% 5% 12% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Service Holder Businessman Student Others Axis Title Occupation of Respondents
  • 28. Page 27 of 46 Through the quantitative data analysis, the findings will be generated and through analyzing the data the research findings will be met and the research objectives will be met as well. The quantitative data analysis is stated in the following:  Q. 1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 7 7% 7% Disagreed 21 21% 28% Neutral 5 5% 33% Agreed 43 43% 76% Strongly Agreed 24 24% 100% Total 100 100% By analyzing the survey responses of the certain statement “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world”, the researcher finds that the result shows the responses were strongly agreed 24%, agreed 43%, neutral 5%, disagreed 21%, and strongly disagreed 7%. So, it can be said that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world. The following bar chart represents the responses of the respondents. 7% 21% 5% 43% 24% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 29. Page 28 of 46  Q. 2 There are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different organizations. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 11 11% 11% Disagreed 19 19% 30% Neutral 8 8% 38% Agreed 42 42% 80% Strongly Agreed 20 20% 100% Total 100 100% In the statement 2, “There are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different organizations” the respondents were strongly agreed 20%, agreed 42%, neutral 8%, disagreed 19%, and strongly disagreed 11%. Although the 19% respondents were disagreed and 11% respondents were strongly disagreed, most of the respondent (strongly agreed 20%, agreed 42%) were strongly agreed and agreed that there are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different organizations. 11% 19% 8% 42% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 30. Page 29 of 46  Q. 3 Various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 4 4% 4% Disagreed 16 16% 20% Neutral 11 11% 31% Agreed 46 46% 77% Strongly Agreed 23 23% 100% Total 100 100% By analyzing the responses of the certain statement “Various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations” we can identify the result from the above table that the most respondents think that various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations. So, the responses were like- strongly agreed 23%, agreed 46%, neutral 11%, disagreed 16%, and strongly disagreed 4%. The below graph shows the certain result of the survey outcome. 4 16 11 46 23 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 31. Page 30 of 46  Q. 4 Proper CSR Activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 6 6% 6% Disagreed 18 18% 24% Neutral 10 10% 34% Agreed 30 30% 64% Strongly Agreed 36 36% 100% Total 100 100% By analyzing the survey data, the researcher determine that 36% respondents were strongly agreed, 30% respondents were agreed, 10% respondents were neutral, 18% respondents were disagreed, and only 6% respondents were strongly disagreed that proper CSR activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. So, by analyzing the result, it can be said that the Proper CSR Activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. The responses are illustrated in following: 6% 18% 10% 30% 36% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 32. Page 31 of 46  Q. 5 Through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 5 5% 5% Disagreed 23 23% 28% Neutral 7 7% 35% Agreed 40 40% 75% Strongly Agreed 25 25% 100% Total 100 100% In terms of the certain structured statement “Through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services.”, the respondents were mostly agreed (40%). Besides, 25% respondents were strongly agreed, neutral 7%, disagreed %23, and strongly disagreed 5%. So, it can be identified that through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services. The following chart is shown the responses of the respondents of survey interview. 5 23 7 40 25 STRONGLY DISAGREED DISAGREED NEUTRAL AGREED STRONGLY AGREED
  • 33. Page 32 of 46  Q. 6 The performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 7 7% 7% Disagreed 15 15% 22% Neutral 11 11% 33% Agreed 43 43% 76% Strongly Agreed 24 24% 100% Total 100 100% Through analyzing the statement no. 6 “The performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities”, we can determine that 43% respondents were agreed, and 24% respondents were strongly agreed. So, it can be concluded that the performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities. The following bar chart will present the overall responses. 7% 15% 11% 43% 24% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 34. Page 33 of 46  Q. 7 The CSR activities of an organization usually develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 7 7% 7% Disagreed 21 21% 28% Neutral 6 6% 34% Agreed 47 47% 81% Strongly Agreed 19 19% 100% Total 100 100% From the analysis of the responses, the researcher finds that the CSR activities of an organization usually develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees. Because the result shows that the most respondent 47% were agreed and 19% respondents were strongly agreed about that. The other responses are showed in the graph below. 7% 21% 6% 47% 19% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 35. Page 34 of 46  Q. 8 The influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can significantly improve the outcome of the staffs. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 3 3% 3% Disagreed 18 18% 21% Neutral 5 5% 26% Agreed 41 43% 67% Strongly Agreed 33 24% 100% Total 100 100% The above table shows that 41% respondents were agreed and 33% were strongly agreed which represents that the influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can significantly improve the outcome of the staffs. The following column chart will present the overall responses. 3 18 5 41 33 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 36. Page 35 of 46  Q. 9 Overall, the Corporate Social Responsibility has very crucial impact on the organizational performance. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 9 9% 9% Disagreed 11 11% 20% Neutral 13 13% 33% Agreed 45 45% 78% Strongly Agreed 22 22% 100% Total 100 100% After the analysis, it can be said that Overall, the Corporate Social Responsibility has very crucial impact on the organizational performance. The survey analysis represents that 45% respondent were agreed and 22 were strongly agreed with the statement. The other responses are showed in the graph below: 9% 11% 13% 45% 22% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed
  • 37. Page 36 of 46  Q. 10 Every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage. Scales Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage Strongly Disagreed 2 2% 2% Disagreed 8 8% 10% Neutral 14 14% 24% Agreed 52 52% 76% Strongly Agreed 24 24% 100% Total 100 100% In case of the last statement “Every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage”, 24% respondents were strongly agreed, 52% agreed, 14% neutral, 8% disagreed, and 2% strongly disagreed with the statement. So, the result represents that every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage. The following chart illustrates the survey outcome: 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% STRONGLY DISAGREED DISAGREED NEUTRAL AGREED STRONGLY AGREED 2% 8% 14% 52% 24%
  • 38. Page 37 of 46 Chapter 5: Research Findings Every research is conducted to carry out relevant findings regarding the problem of the research. Outcomes of the research are very important to know the improvement areas and take necessary actions to do so. In this part of the research, relevant findings will be discussed those can be identified through the process of the research. So, the author discusses the major findings of the research from data analysis in following:  The survey analysis determined that the male respondents are more than the female participants in the survey, most of the participants are 36-50 years old, and most of the survey respondents are service holder which is a positive thing for the research since the service holder has vital experience in direct CSR operations in organizations.  By analyzing the survey responses, the researcher finds that the result shows most of the respondents were agreed (43%) that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world.  It can be determined from the research analysis that there are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different organizations. We can also identify that the most respondents think that various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations.  The researcher determines that 36% respondents were strongly agreed & 30% respondents were agreed that proper CSR activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. It is also found that through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services.  Through analyzing the survey analysis outcome, we can determine that the performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities. The researcher also finds that the CSR activities of an organization usually develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees. The above survey analysis shows that 41% respondents were agreed and 33% were strongly agreed that the influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can significantly improve the outcome of the staffs.
  • 39. Page 38 of 46  After reviewing the data analysis, it can be said that the Corporate Social Responsibility has very crucial impact on the overall organizational performance. So, the result represents that every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage. So, from the above major research findings, it can be identified the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. Chapter 6: Conclusion 6.1 Recommendations Recommendation of the research is the most important part for the researcher as it defines what the decision makers should do based on the given data analysis and result of survey. Effective recommendation can drive success for the decision makers by reflecting the key areas where the issue lies and more concentration should be given. Some recommendations on the basis of the research analysis and findings are discussed in below for the different organizations regarding the corporate social responsibility study:  Consumers and society in general expect more from the companies whose products they buy. This sense has increased in the light of recent corporate social responsibility, which enhanced public trust of corporations and public confidence. So, organizations should practice corporate social responsibility.  Growing influence of the media sees any mistakes by companies brought immediately to the attention of the public. In addition, the Internet fuels communication among like- minded groups and consumers—empowering them to spread their message, while giving them the means to co-ordinate collective action. Regarding these issues, the corporate social and ethical operations can be very effective.  A CSR program can be an aid to recruitment and retention, particularly within the competitive graduate student market. Potential recruits often ask about a firm’s CSR policy during an interview, and having a comprehensive policy can give an advantage So, organizations should focus on corporate social responsibility.
  • 40. Page 39 of 46  Managing risk is a central part of many corporate strategies. Reputation as take decades to build up can be ruined in hours through incident such as corruption scandals or environmental accident. These can also draw unwanted attention from regulators, courts, governments & media. Building a genuine culture of doing the right thing within a corporation can offset these risks.  Brand differentiation in crowded market places, company’s striving for a unique selling proposition. That can separate them from the competition in the minds of consumers. CSR can play role in building customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values. License to operate corporation are keen to avoid interference in their business through taxation. By taking substantive voluntary steps, they can pursuit governments that they are taking issues such as health & safety, diversity, or the environment seriously as good corporate citizen with respect to labor standards and impacts on the environment. So, the implementation of the corporate social responsibility is essential. The above are the potential recommendations for the various organizations about the importance and impact of corporate social responsibility on the organizational performance. 6.2 Conclusions Corporate social responsibility has no boundaries and are not constrained by race, color, or religion. Corporate social responsibility is a culture and unwritten contract with the community. This invisible culture can shape brighter futures for nations. If employees don't see the point of CSR initiatives, or understand the message, initiatives are unlikely to be effective. The research is conducted to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. The first chapter of the research is based on the introductory aspect of the research that includes the basic objective, aim, and research questions that the research paper will aim to find the answer of. The second chapter of the research is the literature review where the entire literary topic has been discussed in proportion. In order to do that, proper citation and referencing has been done following the Harvard referencing system. Topics such as corporate social responsibility, organization performance, corporate social responsibility and financial performance, corporate social responsibility and environmental issues, effect of corporate social responsibility on the society, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance,
  • 41. Page 40 of 46 corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, conceptual framework, and corporate social responsibility and firm value has been discussed in the literature review. The research methodology chapter indicates the entire process through which the research was done in general. The research is quantitative in nature. The research approach is deductive research approach which will collect the data from primary as well as secondary sources. The primary source is the survey questionnaire that was done by the author to find the necessary data. The gathered data was analyzed properly in terms of the statistical and numerical measure. Through the data analysis the research is identified the purpose of research. So, the research is determined the positive and effective impacts of the corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. So, by these research outcome, the learners and the organizations can utilize the information to better knowledge and implementation in practical use appropriately.
  • 42. Page 41 of 46 References & Bibliographies Alafi, K. and Al Sufy, F. J. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility Associated with Customer Satisfaction and Financial Performance a Case Study with Housing Banks in Jordan, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 2 No.15; pp. 102-115. Bell, J. (2005) Doing Your Research Project, 4th ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Beurden, P. & Gossling, T. (2008). The Worth of Values – A Literature Review on the Relation between Corporate Social and Financial Performance, Journal of Business Ethics, 82, pp. 407- 424. Brettel, M. & Arendt, S. (2010) Understanding the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility in corporate identity, image and firm performance, Management Decision, Vol. 48 Iss: 10 pp. 1469-1492. Bryman, A. (2008) Social Research Methods, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2009) Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, 3rd ed. Palgrave Macmillan. Easterby-Smith, M. Thorpe, R. Jackson, P. and Lowe, A. (2008) Management Research, 3rd ed. Sage: London. Fischer M Carol, (2009). Earnings management and corporate social responsibility: An in-class exercise to illustrate the short-term and long-term consequences‖, Advances in Accounting Education, Volume 10, Page 1 – 25 Gabriel Juan, (2009). Linking corporate social responsibility with admiration through organizational outcomes‖, Social Responsibility Journal, Volume 5, Issue 4 , Page 499 – 511 Galbreath Jeremy, (2009). Building corporate social responsibility into strategy‖, European Business Review, Volume 21, Issue 2, Page 109 – 127 Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2010) Research Methods for Managers, 4th ed. London: Sage. Greening, D. W. & Turban (2000) Corporate Social Performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce, Business and Society, 3a (3), 254 Jones Brian, (2009). Corporate irresponsibility and corporate social responsibility: competing reality, Social Responsibility Journal, Volume 5, Issue: 3 , Page 300 – 310
  • 43. Page 42 of 46 Loureiro, S.M.C., Sardinha, I.M.D., & Reijnders, L. (2012). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Satisfaction and Perceived Value: The Case of the Automobile Marshall, C. And Rossman, G. B. (2010) Designing Qualitative Research, 5th ed. London: Sage. Moir Lance, (2001). What do we mean by corporate social responsibility? Corporate Governance, Volume 1, Issue 2 Page 16 – 22 Moskowitz Jerry, (2008). The Growing Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility, Business and Economics Volume 13, Number 3. P. Lantos Geoffrey, (2001). The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility‖, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Volume 18 , Issue 7 , Page: 595 – 632 Rahim, R.A., Jalaludin, F.W., & Tajuddin, K. (2011). The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Behavior in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), pp. 119–139. Rundle-Thiele Sharyn, (2008). Raising the bar: from corporate social responsibility to corporate social performance‖, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Volume 25, Issue 4, Page 245 – 253 Saunders, M. Lewis, P. and Thorn hill, A. (2010) Research methods for business students, 6th ed. Prentice Hall, Harlow. Scott Simeon, (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fetter of Profitability‖, Social Responsibility Journal, Volume 3, Issue 4, Page 31 - 39 Sharp, J. A. Peters, J. and Howard, K. (2008) The Management of a Student Research Project, 4th ed. Aldershot: Gower. Westhues, M. & Einwiller, S. (2006). Corporate Foundations: Their Role for Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 144-153.
  • 44. Page 43 of 46 Appendices Appendix - A: (Survey Questionnaire) Dear Respondent, A warm welcome goes to you at the beginning for being cooperative with me. I am a student of Government Bangla College; Department of Management and I am conducting a Research on “Analysis of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance”. I am conducting this survey as a partial requirement for my term paper making and I ensure you that all the data given by you will be held confidential and will be used only for academic purpose. I will be thankful to you for this cooperation. Section-1: Demographics Analysis 1. Name (Optional): ………………………. 2. Gender (a) Male (b) Female 3. Age (a) Below 20 (b) 20-35 (c) 36-50 (d) 51 or Above 4. Occupation (a) Student (b) Service holder (c) Businessman (d) Others 5. Phone No. / Email (Optional): …………………… Section-2: Survey Questionnaire Using a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being “Strongly Agree” and 1 being “Strongly Disagree”, 3 being “Neutral”, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree in the following particular statements. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5
  • 45. Page 44 of 46 Questions Strongly Disagreed Disagreed Neutral Agreed Strongly Agreed 1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is significant for every organization in this competitive business world. 2. There are certain crucial effects of CSR on the business operations of different organizations. 3. Various actions of organizations regarding Corporate Social Responsibility has positive influence to the customers or clients of the organizations. 4. Proper CSR Activities can improve the relationship among the organizations and their customers which leads to enhanced organizational performances. 5 Through doing certain Corporate Social Responsibility activities, organization can build better and clear customer perception about their products or services. 6. The performance of an organization can be influenced through conducting various Corporate Social Responsibilities. 7. The CSR activities of an organization usually develop the positive and dedicated mentality among the employees. 8. The influence of the CSR operations of the organizations to their staffs can
  • 46. Page 45 of 46 You have completed the Survey. Thanks again for your precious time and cooperation! significantly improve the outcome of the staffs. 9. Overall, the Corporate Social Responsibility has very crucial impact on the organizational performance. 10. Every organization should focus on and practice appropriate Corporate Social Responsibilities to sustain in the competitive business market with competitive advantage.