1. The document analyzes cold formed steel connections using finite element modeling (FEM). Four different beam-column connection configurations are modeled and tested, including connections with single or double rows of screws with or without angle plates.
2. Experimental results for each connection are compared to FEM analysis results from ANSYS. The connections are modeled in CATIA and meshed in Hypermesh before analysis in ANSYS to determine load-carrying capacity, displacement, stress, and strain.
3. Preliminary results show that connections using double rows of screws and angle plates have higher load capacities than those with single rows or without plates. Further comparison of experimental and FEM results will provide insight into optimizing cold formed steel
IRJET- Beam-Column Connections in Cold-Formed Light Gauge Steel StructuresIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses beam-column connections in cold-formed light gauge steel structures. It aims to increase the use of cold-formed steel in structures by studying different connection configurations.
2) Four connection models are analyzed experimentally and through finite element analysis: connections with 1mm and 2mm thick beam-column connectors with and without angle sections, connected with self-tapping screws.
3) The experimental analysis involves fabricating the connection models and testing them under a cantilever loading arrangement to determine load-carrying capacity. Finite element analysis is also conducted using CATIA, HYPERMESH and ANSYS software.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel Castellated BeamIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed steel castellated beams with hexagonal openings. Eight castellated beam specimens with varying thickness, stiffener plate configurations, and cover plates were modeled and analyzed using Abaqus finite element software. The beams were analyzed under two-point loading to determine their ultimate load and moment capacities. The results found that providing perpendicular stiffener plates and cover plates increased the beam's load capacity compared to beams without stiffeners. Perpendicular stiffener plates provided higher capacity than parallel stiffener plates. This study provides data on optimizing the design of cold-formed steel castellated beams.
IRJET- Behaviour of Cold Formed Steel Built-Up Columns by using FastenersIRJET Journal
1) The document studies the behavior of cold formed steel built-up columns under uniaxial compression loading using bolted and welded connections.
2) Six cold formed steel columns (three bolted, three welded) were tested and the welded columns showed 40% higher load capacity than manual calculations while bolted showed 28% higher.
3) Both bolted and welded columns performed better than manual calculations that did not consider connections. Welded connections provided higher strength than bolted connections.
4) The study shows that cold formed built-up columns can be an effective and economic alternative to hot rolled sections for lighter loads.
Non-Linear Analysis of Steel Domes Coated with GFRP having Circular CutoutsIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study analyzing different models of steel domes with circular cutouts coated with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) using finite element analysis software.
2) Five models were analyzed: a steel dome without cutouts, steel domes with three circular cutouts and GFRP coating with two different fiber stacking sequences, and models with the cutouts radially restrained.
3) The results show that radially restraining the cutouts reduces deflection under load compared to unrestrained cutouts. Models with a particular stacking sequence and restrained cutouts showed the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
IRJET- Behavior of Castellated Beam with Sinusoidal OpeningsIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the behavior of a castellated beam with sinusoidal web openings using both Abaqus software modeling and experimental testing.
2) A castellated beam was modeled in Abaqus and subjected to a two-point loading test, similar to experimental testing. Deflections from the software and experiment were compared and found to have negligible difference.
3) Experimentally, a castellated beam was fabricated from an I-beam using a profile cutting machine. A two-point loading test setup was used to apply loads and measure deflection. Results matched closely with the Abaqus software analysis.
IRJET- Behaviour of Bolted Connection in the Vertical Joint of Precast Wal...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of a bolted connection used for the vertical joints of precast concrete wall panels through finite element analysis. A bolted connection consisting of L-shaped threaded steel bars embedded in the wall panels and connected by cover plates, washers, and nuts is modeled. The wall panel, bolted components, and their interactions are defined. Two boundary conditions where the wall panel bases are fixed and loads are applied are considered. Meshing studies determine appropriate element sizes. Material properties of concrete, steel bars, and cover plates are input. Load cases combining dead, live, and wind loads are applied and stresses in the connection are analyzed to evaluate its performance.
The document contains summaries of multiple past exam questions related to mechanical engineering topics like machining processes, material handling equipment, welding, and metallurgy. The questions are from exams administered by different organizations in India and cover topics such as coolants used for machining aluminum, purposes of trepanning, causes of bead weld failure between steel sections, and characteristics of killed steels.
IRJET- Experimental and Analytical Performance of Composite Laminated Timber ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of composite laminated timber beams reinforced with cold formed steel sections through experimental testing and analytical modeling. Experimental bending tests were conducted on laminated rubber wood beams reinforced with a cold formed Z-section steel profile. Analytical models of the composite beams were also created in ANSYS software to analyze different steel section shapes. The results showed that reinforcing the laminated timber beams significantly increased their load bearing capacities compared to unreinforced beams. Composite beams using double C and hat steel sections performed best, with double C sections showing the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
IRJET- Beam-Column Connections in Cold-Formed Light Gauge Steel StructuresIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses beam-column connections in cold-formed light gauge steel structures. It aims to increase the use of cold-formed steel in structures by studying different connection configurations.
2) Four connection models are analyzed experimentally and through finite element analysis: connections with 1mm and 2mm thick beam-column connectors with and without angle sections, connected with self-tapping screws.
3) The experimental analysis involves fabricating the connection models and testing them under a cantilever loading arrangement to determine load-carrying capacity. Finite element analysis is also conducted using CATIA, HYPERMESH and ANSYS software.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel Castellated BeamIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed steel castellated beams with hexagonal openings. Eight castellated beam specimens with varying thickness, stiffener plate configurations, and cover plates were modeled and analyzed using Abaqus finite element software. The beams were analyzed under two-point loading to determine their ultimate load and moment capacities. The results found that providing perpendicular stiffener plates and cover plates increased the beam's load capacity compared to beams without stiffeners. Perpendicular stiffener plates provided higher capacity than parallel stiffener plates. This study provides data on optimizing the design of cold-formed steel castellated beams.
IRJET- Behaviour of Cold Formed Steel Built-Up Columns by using FastenersIRJET Journal
1) The document studies the behavior of cold formed steel built-up columns under uniaxial compression loading using bolted and welded connections.
2) Six cold formed steel columns (three bolted, three welded) were tested and the welded columns showed 40% higher load capacity than manual calculations while bolted showed 28% higher.
3) Both bolted and welded columns performed better than manual calculations that did not consider connections. Welded connections provided higher strength than bolted connections.
4) The study shows that cold formed built-up columns can be an effective and economic alternative to hot rolled sections for lighter loads.
Non-Linear Analysis of Steel Domes Coated with GFRP having Circular CutoutsIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study analyzing different models of steel domes with circular cutouts coated with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) using finite element analysis software.
2) Five models were analyzed: a steel dome without cutouts, steel domes with three circular cutouts and GFRP coating with two different fiber stacking sequences, and models with the cutouts radially restrained.
3) The results show that radially restraining the cutouts reduces deflection under load compared to unrestrained cutouts. Models with a particular stacking sequence and restrained cutouts showed the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
IRJET- Behavior of Castellated Beam with Sinusoidal OpeningsIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the behavior of a castellated beam with sinusoidal web openings using both Abaqus software modeling and experimental testing.
2) A castellated beam was modeled in Abaqus and subjected to a two-point loading test, similar to experimental testing. Deflections from the software and experiment were compared and found to have negligible difference.
3) Experimentally, a castellated beam was fabricated from an I-beam using a profile cutting machine. A two-point loading test setup was used to apply loads and measure deflection. Results matched closely with the Abaqus software analysis.
IRJET- Behaviour of Bolted Connection in the Vertical Joint of Precast Wal...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of a bolted connection used for the vertical joints of precast concrete wall panels through finite element analysis. A bolted connection consisting of L-shaped threaded steel bars embedded in the wall panels and connected by cover plates, washers, and nuts is modeled. The wall panel, bolted components, and their interactions are defined. Two boundary conditions where the wall panel bases are fixed and loads are applied are considered. Meshing studies determine appropriate element sizes. Material properties of concrete, steel bars, and cover plates are input. Load cases combining dead, live, and wind loads are applied and stresses in the connection are analyzed to evaluate its performance.
The document contains summaries of multiple past exam questions related to mechanical engineering topics like machining processes, material handling equipment, welding, and metallurgy. The questions are from exams administered by different organizations in India and cover topics such as coolants used for machining aluminum, purposes of trepanning, causes of bead weld failure between steel sections, and characteristics of killed steels.
IRJET- Experimental and Analytical Performance of Composite Laminated Timber ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of composite laminated timber beams reinforced with cold formed steel sections through experimental testing and analytical modeling. Experimental bending tests were conducted on laminated rubber wood beams reinforced with a cold formed Z-section steel profile. Analytical models of the composite beams were also created in ANSYS software to analyze different steel section shapes. The results showed that reinforcing the laminated timber beams significantly increased their load bearing capacities compared to unreinforced beams. Composite beams using double C and hat steel sections performed best, with double C sections showing the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
Shell moulding is a casting process where a thermosetting resin-sand mixture is allowed to adhere to a heated metal pattern, forming a shell. The shell is then removed from the pattern. Molten metal is poured into the shell mould to form the casting. Shell moulding can produce complex parts with good dimensional accuracy and surface finish, reducing machining needs. Common materials cast are iron, aluminum, and copper alloys. Advantages include close tolerances and smooth surfaces, while limitations include expensive patterns and size restrictions. Applications include engine parts like cylinders and heads.
IRJETI Comparison of RC Beam-Column Joint with GFRC Beam-Column Joint using S...IRJET Journal
This study compares reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints to glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam-column joints using finite element analysis in ANSYS. A corner beam-column joint from a two-story building was modeled in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS under 10 N/mm and 20 N/mm loads. The GFRC joint showed significantly less deformation than the RC joint, with deformations reduced by 4-6% when using GFRC. Therefore, using GFRC can improve joint performance by reducing deformations.
IRJET- A Study on the Behavior of Cold-Formed Steelsections Beam Column Conne...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a study on the behavior of cold-formed steel beam-column connections using finite element analysis and experimental testing.
2) Both I-section and channel section beams were connected to matching column sections via welded joints, with connections to both the flange and web.
3) The finite element analysis found that connections to the web of both section types had a higher load capacity than connections to the flange. Experimental testing confirmed this trend.
4) Both analytical and experimental results showed I-section connections could withstand over 30% higher loads than comparable channel section connections.
Study of elastic properties of RC beam under Static LoadIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to determine the modulus of elasticity of reinforced concrete beams with varying parameters such as grade of concrete, percentage of steel reinforcement, and spacing of shear stirrups. Finite element models of reinforced concrete beams were created in ANSYS with different concrete grades (M20, M25, M30) and percentages of steel reinforcement (0.34% to 0.74%). The models were analyzed under static loads to determine properties like cracking load and deflection. Load-deflection curves showed that beams with reinforcement had higher elastic limits and failure loads compared to plain concrete beams.
This study analyzes the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with openings using basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites in the software ABAQUS. Five beams were modeled: a solid control beam, two beams with a single opening, and two with double openings. The opened beams were unstrengthened or wrapped with BFRP. All beams were simply supported and loaded at the midpoint. The load capacity and deflection of each beam were calculated and compared. Beams with openings showed reduced load capacity compared to the solid beam. Wrapping openings with BFRP increased load capacity, with double openings seeing greater recovery when strengthened. The ABAQUS models underestimated deflections compared to theoretical values, but
This document provides an overview of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). It describes WAAM as an additive manufacturing technique that uses an electric arc as an energy source and welding wire as a feedstock. WAAM allows for high deposition rates compared to powder-based methods. The document reviews academic studies on WAAM of aluminum components and modular path planning. It also discusses applications of WAAM in aerospace and comparisons between WAAM and powder laser melting methods.
This document discusses the finite element analysis and optimization of a screw compressor housing. The original design analysis found a maximum deformation of 0.17mm and principal stress of 104.3MPa, within design limits. Topology optimization suggested areas where material could be reduced up to 5% of the weight. The optimized design was created and analyzed, showing a weight reduction from 24.6kg to 23.8kg while stresses and deformations remained within design criteria.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Castellated BeamIRJET Journal
The document presents a finite element analysis of castellated beams. Castellated beams are steel beams that have web openings cut into them, which allows for increased strength and reduced cost compared to solid beams. The study uses ANSYS software to analyze single and double web castellated beams under uniform loads. It examines beams with varying depths, spans, and cross-sections. The analysis found that double web castellated beams with staggered hexagonal openings experienced less deflection and higher load capacity than single web beams. Experimental testing on fabricated beams was also conducted to validate the finite element analysis results.
B16 c360 free-cutting brass rod, bar and shapes for use in screw machines1Yirlany Mesén Mejías
This document is an ASTM specification for free-cutting brass rod, bar and shapes. It establishes requirements for material composition, mechanical properties, dimensions, ordering information, and other testing and certification requirements. The material is Copper Alloy UNS No. C36000, containing 60-63% copper, 2.5-3.7% lead, and the remainder zinc. Requirements include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness limits that vary based on shape and size. The specification references other ASTM standards and provides details for ordering, inspection, and certification to ensure products meet standards.
Study on Integral Bridge with Composite deck for IRC StandardsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the development of a numerical model of a composite integral bridge in India using finite element analysis. Key points:
1. An integral bridge is defined as a bridge without expansion joints or bearings, with a continuous deck across the length. This study aims to model a composite integral bridge (with built-up steel girders and concrete deck) to analyze its behavior under different loads.
2. A grillage model is used, representing the bridge as linear-elastic beam elements. Soil-structure interaction is modeled using nonlinear spring elements. Two soil profiles are considered.
3. Thermal loads are significant for integral bridges and are analyzed. Temperature variations are calculated based on
The document summarizes an experimental study and analysis of cold-formed steel channel sections under axial, biaxial, and eccentric compression loading. Sections were tested experimentally and analyzed using finite element modeling in ABAQUS software. Key findings include that cold-formed steel sections have higher yield strengths than comparable hot-rolled sections due to work hardening during forming. Cold-formed sections also use material more efficiently and can be manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes. Finite element models were created to validate experimental results and study failure modes.
1) Cast scandium added aluminum-magnesium alloy was friction stir welded and its tensile properties were examined.
2) The weld exhibited better mechanical properties than the base metal, with the weld nugget showing the highest strength.
3) Tensile testing showed that the global joint fractured in the base material and had slightly higher strength than the base metal, indicating that friction stir welding is suitable for joining this alloy.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation of steel Concrete Composite Deck SlabIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation into steel-concrete composite deck slabs. Three slabs of varying dimensions were constructed with trapezoidal profile steel sheets and concrete. Shear connectors were used to improve the bond between the steel and concrete. Flexural tests were performed by applying loads to the slabs and measuring deflections. The test results showed that Slab 3, which had the largest profile sheet dimensions, exhibited the highest strength as evidenced by its ability to withstand the greatest loads without failure and having deflections comparable to the other slabs at higher loads. In conclusion, composite deck slabs constructed with trapezoidal profile steel sheets and shear connectors can achieve adequate strength and stiffness for building applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrateeSAT Journals
This document discusses a preliminary study on the cladding process for gray cast iron substrates. It provides background information on cladding, including that it is a deposition process used to improve substrate properties by depositing filler material in layers. Gas metal arc welding is discussed as a common cladding method. Process parameters for GMAW cladding are described, including current, voltage, and travel speed. Challenges of cladding gray cast iron due to its brittle microstructure are addressed. Nickel-based filler materials are proposed to address these challenges by preventing cracking during thermal cycling.
This dissertation describes an experimental, analytical, and design investigation of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete coupling beams. Eight half-scale experiments were conducted to test the behavior of coupling beam subassemblies under reversed-cyclic lateral loading. The results demonstrate the stiffness, strength, and ductility of the coupling beam system. Analytical models were developed and validated against the experimental results. The effects of various structural properties on the behavior of unbonded post-tensioned precast coupling beams were also investigated analytically. The research aims to validate the use of these coupling beams in seismic regions.
IRJET- Analytical Study on Bolted Endplate Connection with Different Bolt Mat...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes bolted endplate connections in steel beam-column joints through analytical finite element modeling, comparing the performance of connections with different bolt arrangements and materials (steel vs. NiTi alloy bolts). The results show that connections with NiTi alloy bolts had higher strength and ductility than those with steel bolts, and irregular bolt patterns performed better than linear patterns. In general, connections with NiTi alloy bolts and irregular arrangements had the best performance under the load cases tested.
The document discusses various cutting tool materials used in metal cutting operations, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It covers traditional materials like high-speed steel and more advanced materials like cemented carbides, ceramics, and coatings. High-speed steel retains hardness at high temperatures allowing higher cutting speeds than carbon steel tools. Cemented carbides are very hard and can machine at even higher speeds than high-speed steel but are more brittle. Ceramics can operate at the highest speeds of all materials due to their ability to withstand very high temperatures without losing strength or hardness.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis on Parametric Behaviour of Hybridised Cold For...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of different cold-formed steel sections for use in multi-story buildings. Three cold-formed steel sections (supacee, supazed, and sigma) were modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to evaluate their load-carrying capacities and ductility. The sigma section showed the best combination of strength and ductility. A hybrid wall panel using sigma sections for the inner panels and hot-rolled steel for the outer panel was also modeled and found to increase the ultimate load capacity and deformation compared to a wall with only hot-rolled steel. In conclusion, cold-formed steel with a sigma section is recommended for use in hybridized building frames due to its favorable structural performance.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Steel Beam at Diverse LoadingIRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the flexural behavior of steel channel sections (ISMC75) under different loading conditions. The channel section was tested as a simply supported beam under two-point loading applied at either the web or flange. When loaded at the flange, the channel section carried 47% higher loads than when loaded at the web, reaching its plastic moment capacity. Deflections were also higher under flange loading. The results provide data on the flexural behavior and load-carrying capacity of channel sections based on the point of load application.
Shell moulding is a casting process where a thermosetting resin-sand mixture is allowed to adhere to a heated metal pattern, forming a shell. The shell is then removed from the pattern. Molten metal is poured into the shell mould to form the casting. Shell moulding can produce complex parts with good dimensional accuracy and surface finish, reducing machining needs. Common materials cast are iron, aluminum, and copper alloys. Advantages include close tolerances and smooth surfaces, while limitations include expensive patterns and size restrictions. Applications include engine parts like cylinders and heads.
IRJETI Comparison of RC Beam-Column Joint with GFRC Beam-Column Joint using S...IRJET Journal
This study compares reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints to glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam-column joints using finite element analysis in ANSYS. A corner beam-column joint from a two-story building was modeled in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS under 10 N/mm and 20 N/mm loads. The GFRC joint showed significantly less deformation than the RC joint, with deformations reduced by 4-6% when using GFRC. Therefore, using GFRC can improve joint performance by reducing deformations.
IRJET- A Study on the Behavior of Cold-Formed Steelsections Beam Column Conne...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a study on the behavior of cold-formed steel beam-column connections using finite element analysis and experimental testing.
2) Both I-section and channel section beams were connected to matching column sections via welded joints, with connections to both the flange and web.
3) The finite element analysis found that connections to the web of both section types had a higher load capacity than connections to the flange. Experimental testing confirmed this trend.
4) Both analytical and experimental results showed I-section connections could withstand over 30% higher loads than comparable channel section connections.
Study of elastic properties of RC beam under Static LoadIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to determine the modulus of elasticity of reinforced concrete beams with varying parameters such as grade of concrete, percentage of steel reinforcement, and spacing of shear stirrups. Finite element models of reinforced concrete beams were created in ANSYS with different concrete grades (M20, M25, M30) and percentages of steel reinforcement (0.34% to 0.74%). The models were analyzed under static loads to determine properties like cracking load and deflection. Load-deflection curves showed that beams with reinforcement had higher elastic limits and failure loads compared to plain concrete beams.
This study analyzes the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with openings using basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites in the software ABAQUS. Five beams were modeled: a solid control beam, two beams with a single opening, and two with double openings. The opened beams were unstrengthened or wrapped with BFRP. All beams were simply supported and loaded at the midpoint. The load capacity and deflection of each beam were calculated and compared. Beams with openings showed reduced load capacity compared to the solid beam. Wrapping openings with BFRP increased load capacity, with double openings seeing greater recovery when strengthened. The ABAQUS models underestimated deflections compared to theoretical values, but
This document provides an overview of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). It describes WAAM as an additive manufacturing technique that uses an electric arc as an energy source and welding wire as a feedstock. WAAM allows for high deposition rates compared to powder-based methods. The document reviews academic studies on WAAM of aluminum components and modular path planning. It also discusses applications of WAAM in aerospace and comparisons between WAAM and powder laser melting methods.
This document discusses the finite element analysis and optimization of a screw compressor housing. The original design analysis found a maximum deformation of 0.17mm and principal stress of 104.3MPa, within design limits. Topology optimization suggested areas where material could be reduced up to 5% of the weight. The optimized design was created and analyzed, showing a weight reduction from 24.6kg to 23.8kg while stresses and deformations remained within design criteria.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Castellated BeamIRJET Journal
The document presents a finite element analysis of castellated beams. Castellated beams are steel beams that have web openings cut into them, which allows for increased strength and reduced cost compared to solid beams. The study uses ANSYS software to analyze single and double web castellated beams under uniform loads. It examines beams with varying depths, spans, and cross-sections. The analysis found that double web castellated beams with staggered hexagonal openings experienced less deflection and higher load capacity than single web beams. Experimental testing on fabricated beams was also conducted to validate the finite element analysis results.
B16 c360 free-cutting brass rod, bar and shapes for use in screw machines1Yirlany Mesén Mejías
This document is an ASTM specification for free-cutting brass rod, bar and shapes. It establishes requirements for material composition, mechanical properties, dimensions, ordering information, and other testing and certification requirements. The material is Copper Alloy UNS No. C36000, containing 60-63% copper, 2.5-3.7% lead, and the remainder zinc. Requirements include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness limits that vary based on shape and size. The specification references other ASTM standards and provides details for ordering, inspection, and certification to ensure products meet standards.
Study on Integral Bridge with Composite deck for IRC StandardsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the development of a numerical model of a composite integral bridge in India using finite element analysis. Key points:
1. An integral bridge is defined as a bridge without expansion joints or bearings, with a continuous deck across the length. This study aims to model a composite integral bridge (with built-up steel girders and concrete deck) to analyze its behavior under different loads.
2. A grillage model is used, representing the bridge as linear-elastic beam elements. Soil-structure interaction is modeled using nonlinear spring elements. Two soil profiles are considered.
3. Thermal loads are significant for integral bridges and are analyzed. Temperature variations are calculated based on
The document summarizes an experimental study and analysis of cold-formed steel channel sections under axial, biaxial, and eccentric compression loading. Sections were tested experimentally and analyzed using finite element modeling in ABAQUS software. Key findings include that cold-formed steel sections have higher yield strengths than comparable hot-rolled sections due to work hardening during forming. Cold-formed sections also use material more efficiently and can be manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes. Finite element models were created to validate experimental results and study failure modes.
1) Cast scandium added aluminum-magnesium alloy was friction stir welded and its tensile properties were examined.
2) The weld exhibited better mechanical properties than the base metal, with the weld nugget showing the highest strength.
3) Tensile testing showed that the global joint fractured in the base material and had slightly higher strength than the base metal, indicating that friction stir welding is suitable for joining this alloy.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation of steel Concrete Composite Deck SlabIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation into steel-concrete composite deck slabs. Three slabs of varying dimensions were constructed with trapezoidal profile steel sheets and concrete. Shear connectors were used to improve the bond between the steel and concrete. Flexural tests were performed by applying loads to the slabs and measuring deflections. The test results showed that Slab 3, which had the largest profile sheet dimensions, exhibited the highest strength as evidenced by its ability to withstand the greatest loads without failure and having deflections comparable to the other slabs at higher loads. In conclusion, composite deck slabs constructed with trapezoidal profile steel sheets and shear connectors can achieve adequate strength and stiffness for building applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrateeSAT Journals
This document discusses a preliminary study on the cladding process for gray cast iron substrates. It provides background information on cladding, including that it is a deposition process used to improve substrate properties by depositing filler material in layers. Gas metal arc welding is discussed as a common cladding method. Process parameters for GMAW cladding are described, including current, voltage, and travel speed. Challenges of cladding gray cast iron due to its brittle microstructure are addressed. Nickel-based filler materials are proposed to address these challenges by preventing cracking during thermal cycling.
This dissertation describes an experimental, analytical, and design investigation of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete coupling beams. Eight half-scale experiments were conducted to test the behavior of coupling beam subassemblies under reversed-cyclic lateral loading. The results demonstrate the stiffness, strength, and ductility of the coupling beam system. Analytical models were developed and validated against the experimental results. The effects of various structural properties on the behavior of unbonded post-tensioned precast coupling beams were also investigated analytically. The research aims to validate the use of these coupling beams in seismic regions.
IRJET- Analytical Study on Bolted Endplate Connection with Different Bolt Mat...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes bolted endplate connections in steel beam-column joints through analytical finite element modeling, comparing the performance of connections with different bolt arrangements and materials (steel vs. NiTi alloy bolts). The results show that connections with NiTi alloy bolts had higher strength and ductility than those with steel bolts, and irregular bolt patterns performed better than linear patterns. In general, connections with NiTi alloy bolts and irregular arrangements had the best performance under the load cases tested.
The document discusses various cutting tool materials used in metal cutting operations, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It covers traditional materials like high-speed steel and more advanced materials like cemented carbides, ceramics, and coatings. High-speed steel retains hardness at high temperatures allowing higher cutting speeds than carbon steel tools. Cemented carbides are very hard and can machine at even higher speeds than high-speed steel but are more brittle. Ceramics can operate at the highest speeds of all materials due to their ability to withstand very high temperatures without losing strength or hardness.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis on Parametric Behaviour of Hybridised Cold For...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of different cold-formed steel sections for use in multi-story buildings. Three cold-formed steel sections (supacee, supazed, and sigma) were modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to evaluate their load-carrying capacities and ductility. The sigma section showed the best combination of strength and ductility. A hybrid wall panel using sigma sections for the inner panels and hot-rolled steel for the outer panel was also modeled and found to increase the ultimate load capacity and deformation compared to a wall with only hot-rolled steel. In conclusion, cold-formed steel with a sigma section is recommended for use in hybridized building frames due to its favorable structural performance.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Steel Beam at Diverse LoadingIRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the flexural behavior of steel channel sections (ISMC75) under different loading conditions. The channel section was tested as a simply supported beam under two-point loading applied at either the web or flange. When loaded at the flange, the channel section carried 47% higher loads than when loaded at the web, reaching its plastic moment capacity. Deflections were also higher under flange loading. The results provide data on the flexural behavior and load-carrying capacity of channel sections based on the point of load application.
IRJET- Cold Formed Steel Lipped Zed Section with and without Web Holes –Web C...IRJET Journal
1. The study investigated the web crippling behavior of cold-formed steel lipped zed sections with and without circular web holes through theoretical analysis, experimental testing, and finite element analysis using ANSYS.
2. Theoretical analysis was conducted based on IS 801-1975 and BS 5950-1998 design codes, experimental testing involved flexural testing of sections under uniformly distributed loading with and without web holes, and finite element models were developed to analyze web crippling behavior.
3. The results found that the ratio of the web hole depth to the web depth and the distance from the edge of the bearing divided by the flat depth of the web influenced web crippling. Theoretical values were higher than
IRJET- Composite Floors using Profiled Deck Sheet in Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of profiled deck sheets in composite steel-concrete floors. It provides an overview of composite floor construction and the benefits of using profiled deck sheets, such as reduced steel and concrete usage. The document then describes the design methodology for composite floors with profiled deck sheets according to Eurocode 4 and British Standards, including determining the section properties of the deck sheet, required concrete volume, and checking flexural capacity, shear strength, and deflection. An example design is presented and the paper concludes that composite floors with profiled deck sheets provide economies over conventional concrete slabs, including reduced material usage and increased structural capacity.
IRJET-V9I7186.pdfWeb Crippling Capacity of Cold Formed Steel Channel Sections...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the web crippling capacity of cold-formed steel channel sections with and without openings through finite element analysis. Various parameters that affect web crippling capacity are studied, including bearing length, inner bent radius, flange width, web height, and hole diameter. Models of channel sections are created in ANSYS by varying these parameters to determine their influence on web crippling and buckling loads. The results are presented in tables comparing the load capacities. The analysis seeks to understand the effects of web openings and optimize their location in channel sections.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Cold-Form Steel Section wi...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel closed built-up channel sections with and without square perforations. Beams were tested under two-point loading to measure deflection. Results showed that sections with and without perforations had similar load capacities, indicating perforations do not significantly reduce strength. Theoretical calculations using design codes were also conducted and found to match experimental results reasonably well. It was concluded that incorporating perforations into cold-formed steel sections could reduce material costs without compromising structural performance.
Comparative Study on CFST and RC Column in the RC Frame StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the response of three different column types in a multi-story building model under dynamic analysis: 1) A standard reinforced concrete column (Model 1), 2) A concrete-filled steel tube column (Model 2), and 3) A composite column with an I-section steel core and reinforcement (Model 3). The models are analyzed using ETABS software based on Indian seismic codes. Parameters like story acceleration, mode shape, column forces, story overturning moment, and base reaction are compared to evaluate the stability of each model under seismic loads.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Buckling Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel SectionsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel sections under compression. Two types of cold-formed steel column sections - back to back lipped channel section and face to face lipped channel section - were tested. The back to back section showed higher load capacity and lesser deflection compared to the face to face section. Load-deflection and load-strain curves were obtained from the experiment. The back to back section failed at 155kN load with 3.8mm deflection, while the face to face section failed at 100kN load with 5.19mm deflection. Thus, the study concluded that the back to back section with lips has a higher load carrying capacity.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Buckling Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel Sect...IRJET Journal
1. The study experimentally investigates the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel channel sections under compression.
2. Two section types were tested: back-to-back lipped channel sections and face-to-face lipped channel sections.
3. The back-to-back section exhibited higher load capacity and lower deflection than the face-to-face section, indicating it performed better under compression loading.
An Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Shear Connectors in Composite...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the structural behavior of different types of shear connectors in composite beams through analytical and experimental methods. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to model composite beams with channel, stud, and bolt shear connectors. Standard push-out tests were also performed on composite sections with various connectors. The analytical and experimental results showed that channel shear connectors had the highest load carrying capacity and ductility compared to stud and bolt connectors. Failure modes also differed between connector types.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi Storey Steel StructuresIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of multi-storey steel structures subjected to earthquakes through modeling and analysis in STAAD Pro. It summarizes that steel structures perform better than other materials in earthquakes due to their lower mass and consequent lower seismic forces. A 20-storey steel building is modeled and analyzed using response spectrum analysis to investigate seismic responses at different zones. Results show base shear, displacements and drifts increase with zone and floor level. Dynamic analysis yields lower forces than static analysis, demonstrating steel structures' improved earthquake resistance.
IRJET- Response Analysis of Cold-Formed Dimpled ColumnIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the response of plain and dimpled steel columns with circular cross-sections under various loading conditions using finite element analysis. Dimpled columns are formed by a cold rolling process that work hardens the steel, increasing its strength. The study finds that dimpled columns have 24% higher ultimate load capacity than plain columns under axial compression. It also finds that a dimpled column absorbs impact energy more effectively than a plain column when subjected to both axial compression and lateral impact loads, with a calculated specific energy absorption of 17.17 kJ/kg.
Analysis Of Earthquake Resistant Structure By Base Isolation MethodIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the analysis of earthquake-resistant structures using base isolation methods. Base isolation involves inserting seismic isolators at the base of a structure to decouple it from ground motions during an earthquake.
2. Several types of base isolators are discussed, including lead-rubber bearings, which provide rigidity under service loads and energy dissipation during seismic events.
3. A 10-story residential building is modeled using ETABS software to compare the seismic performance of a fixed-base structure versus one with base isolators. Results show that base isolation reduces story drift, displacement, and base shear, indicating less damage to the isolated structure.
IRJET- Analytical Investigation on Precast Concrete Column to Column Conn...IRJET Journal
This document analytically investigates connections between precast concrete columns. Three types of column-to-column connections are modeled and analyzed: 1) a long bolt connection using bolts passing through end plates, 2) a welded steel bearing face connection, and 3) a reinforcing bar coupling connection. The long bolt connection is analyzed using finite element software and found to have a total deformation of 0.35476mm and normal stresses of 14.733MPa and -16.684MPa under monotonic loading, within permissible limits. The document also provides details on modeling the connections and material properties used in the analysis.
Performance evaluation of hybrid double T-box beam girder in steel structureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation of a hybrid double T-box beam girder (HDTBG) in steel structures. The study models various HDTBG configurations using finite element analysis software to compare their flexural behavior to conventional beams. It finds that the HDTBG has equivalent performance to an ISMB150 beam and better performance than an ISMB200 beam when their weights are equal. The study then analyzes HDTBGs with different combinations of low, medium, and high tensile grade steel in the web and flange. It determines that configurations with a medium or high tensile web and varying flange grades see a 5-20% improvement in moment capacity compared to a baseline low tensile web and fl
Stiffening and Strengthening of Deteriorated Cellular Beams by Local Post- Te...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on strengthening deteriorated cellular beams through local post-tensioning. Cellular beams are prone to deterioration over time due to their increased depth and exposure. The study aims to introduce local post-tensioning as a simple, low-cost method to stiffen and strengthen cellular beams without adding new material. Local post-tensioning involves attaching reinforcing bars to the bottom of the beam and tensioning them using jacks to improve load capacity. Deteriorated beams were modeled and analyzed in ANSYS. The results showed that local post-tensioning combined with stiffeners was the most effective approach, able to recover over 180% of the original load capacity.
IRJET - Seismic Analysis of RCC Framed Structure using Different IsolatorIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a G+5 reinforced concrete building using different base isolation systems. The building is modeled in ETABS and analyzed using time history and response spectrum analysis for the El Centro earthquake record. Three models are considered: a fixed base building and base-isolated buildings using friction pendulum bearings and high-density rubber bearings. The results show that base isolation increases the building's period and reduces story drift and base shear compared to the fixed base building. Both isolator types are effective at reducing the seismic response of the medium-rise structure.
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF SQUARE AND ELLIPTICAL CROSS SECTIONS OF STEEL TUBULAR...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling the structural behavior of steel tubular columns with square and elliptical cross-sections connected by deconstructable splice joints. Finite element models of the joints were created in ANSYS to study their behavior under various loads. A literature review established the benefits of deconstructable steel structures. The model was validated by comparing its cyclic loading test results to experimental data. Parametric studies then evaluated the effects of splice thickness, length, bolt diameter, and pattern on the structural response of square columns under axial loads. An elliptical column model was also developed using the validated square column model.
IRJET - Mathematical Modelling to Predict Bead Geometry and Shape Relationshi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that develops a mathematical model to predict bead geometry and shape relationships for MIG welded aluminum 1200 plates. The study uses design of experiments to investigate the effects of welding speed, voltage, and wire feed rate on weld width, height of reinforcement, and reinforcement form factor. 15 experiments were conducted according to a central composite face centered design. The results were analyzed using response surface methodology and ANOVA to develop and validate the mathematical model relating the input and response parameters.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Composite Top Frame of Hydraulic Valve Test...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing and analyzing a composite top frame for a hydraulic valve test bench. The study involved manufacturing an epoxy/E-glass composite frame using hand layup. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to compare the stress and deformation of the composite frame to a conventional steel frame under the same loading conditions. Analytical calculations were also performed to calculate bending stress, shear stress, moment of inertia, and total deformation of both frame materials. The results from the numerical analysis were validated by comparing them to the analytical calculations. The goal of the study was to investigate if a composite frame could withstand the same loads as a steel frame but with reduced weight, thickness, and resistance to corrosion.
Similar to Analysis of Cold Formed Steel Connections using FEM (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.