Over the last two years, humanitarian assistance has made a decisive contribution to the stabilization the Central African Republic while the country’s condition was at its most critical. Back from the brink of collapse, the benefits of peace and stability now would have to be spread much wider throughout this desperately poor country, if the patient were to recover successfully. However, while humanitarian assistance is levelling off and may well decrease in 2009, development support is still lacking too far behind to pick up the thread. The looming recovery gap now jeopardizes CAR’s fragile progress, as data from the country’s new aid management system shows.

1. Aid to CAR in 2007,
management and effectiveness
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 1
Mar-09

2. A. Aid management in CAR
Overview of the aid management system and first results for 2007
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 2
Mar-09

3. Aid management improves coordination
Aid management system in brief Aid management systems worldwide
• Public online database for
humanitarian and development aid
• Donors, implementers, projects,
finances, sectors, places
• Key tool for Paris Declaration
follow-up
• Donors mainly responsible for data
entry
• In place in more than 40 countries,
common in Asia, rare in Africa
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 3
Mar-09

4. Making aid work better
Goals for aid management in CAR Website http://dad.minplan-rca.org
• Monitor PRSP, CAP, UNDAF
progress
• Render humanitarian and
development work more
transparent
• Provide same info to everyone
• Better reflect partner contributions
• Facilitate aid coordination
• Build national capacity
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 4
Mar-09

5. Data entry progresses rapidly
Number of projects documented in detail in the aid management system
276
243
202
176
96
12
Sep ‘08 Oct ‘08 Nov ‘08 Déc ‘08 Jan ‘08 Fév ‘09
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 5
Mar-09

6. Rising aid to CAR since 2005
Encouraging numbers External assistance (gross)
Development
• Aid more than doubled since $251m
Humanitarian
$242m
2005
WB arrears clearance
• Multilateral reengagement since
2006
• No bilateral reengagement in
$126m
development work $117m
• Humanitarian aid brings additional $81m
resources and new donors $63m
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 6
Mar-09

7. Total external assistance in 2007
Numbers remain relatively high $242m disbursed in 2007 (gross)
$78m, Humanitarian $80m, Projects
• $164m disbursed for development
(32%) (33%)
activities and projects (78% of
total)
• Positive effects of PRSP and
Round Table
• $78m disbursed for humanitarian
action (32% of total)
• Humanitarian and recovery
support 2,5 higher than in 2006
$9m, Tech. cooperation $74m, Budget support
(4%) (31%)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 7
Mar-09

8. Development aid in 2007
Multilateral support is essential Disbursements (Top 10)*
• $335m commitments signed for $54.1m
EC
specific projects and activities* United Nations $36.4m
• $164m disbursed by donors* IMF $31.0m
France $24.2m
• Multilateral institutions represent
AfDB $17.5m
80% of disbursements
United States $17.5m
• $155m spent by implementers
China $12.8m
(government, UN, NGOs, etc.)
World Bank $7.6m
Sweden $5.7m
Japan $5.6m
* Including for multiyear projects and activities
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 8
Mar-09

9. Post-conflict profile of development aid
Top four sectors represent more than 75% of expenditures in 2007
$44m (30%)
Action related to debt
Government, peace and civil soc. $36m (23%)
Health $22m (14%)
Non-specific budget support $14m (9%)
Population and reproductive health $8m (5%)
Transport and storage $6m (4%)
Divers social sectors $6m (4%)
Multisector aid $4m (3%)
Education $4m (3%)
Forestry $3m (2%)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 9
Mar-09

10. Stuck in the recovery gap…
Only 20% of direct development expenditure outside the capital Bangui
< $1m
> $1m
> $3m
> $6m
> $9m
> $12m
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 10
Mar-09

11. Slow to get going…
Commitments* for specific projects started rising in 2007
< $1m
> $1m
> $3m
> $6m
> $9m
> $12m
* Commitments signed in 2007, including for multiyear projects and activities
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 11
Mar-09

12. Humanitarian aid in 2007
Quick response to urgent needs Disbursements (Top 10)*
• $79m commitments signed for $17.2m
United States
specific projects and activities* United Nations $15.6m
• $78m disbursed* France $7.1m
EC $7.0m
• 2,5 times higher than in 2006
Sweden $5.7m
• Brings additional resources and
Irland $3.7m
donors
Japan $3.6m
• $54m spent by implementers (75%
Netherlands $3.2m
by UN, 25% by NGOs)
Canada $2.7m
Germany $1.9m
* Including for multiyear projects and activities
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 12
Mar-09

13. Survival was priority
Heavy concentration on food security
$23m (43%)
Food security and agriculture
$12m (22%)
Multisector aid to IDPs / refugees
Health $9m (17%)
Coordination and logistics $7m (13%)
$1m (2%)
Education
$1m (2%)
Shelter and non-food items
$1m (2%)
Protection and human rights
Water and sanitation $0.5m (1%)
$0.1m
Staff security and safety
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 13
Mar-09

14. Survival was priority
More than 90% of expenditure outside of Bangui
< $1m
> $1m
> $3m
> $6m
> $9m
> $12m
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 14
Mar-09

15. Navigating the recovery gap in 2008 (and
2009) aid slow to get going in 2008 Expenditures concentrated in Bangui
Development
< $1m
• Aid transfers likely rose slightly to
> $1m
more than $260m (+10%) > $3m
> $6m
• Development aid remained > $9m
concentrated on Bangui: debt, > $12m
peace, governance and HIV/AIDS
• More development commitments,
but concrete projects (and results)
still hardly visible
• Humanitarian aid remained heavily
focussed on food security for 2nd
year in a row
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 15
Mar-09

16. B. Aid effectiveness context in CAR
Results of the Paris Declaration Implementation Survey 2008
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 16
Mar-09

17. Appropriation
Country exercises effective leadership over its development policies and strategies
OECD survey results for 2007 Priority actions for CAR
• Mark D (A=strong, D=weak) Create institutional framework
• PRSP contains best-practice Render framework operational
elements but is not operational Design sector strategies
• Numerous elements not in place Prepare MTEFs
– Sector strategies
Render PRSP operational
– Global or sector MTEFs
– Action, results, and impact matrixes
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 17
Mar-09

18. Alignment
Donors base their overall support on national strategies, institutions and procedures
OECD survey results for 2007 Priority actions for CAR
• Mark 2 for public financial Put aid management system in
management systems (1=very place
weak) Elaborate procedures and guides
• Budget underestimates aid for national execution
• Accounting system not operational Build project management capacity
• Procurement regulations obsolete Improve public financial
management systems
• Most projects not managed by the
government, due to weaknesses Improve public procurement
systems
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 18
Mar-09

19. Harmonisation
Donors’ actions are harmonized, transparent and collectively effective
OECD survey results for 2007 Priority actions for CAR
• Very little programme or sector Support sector strategies
aide Develop joint strategies
• Few joint missions Harmonise procedure
• Little joint analytical work Reinforce capacities of agencies
working in CAR
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 19
Mar-09

20. Managing for results
Managing resources and improving decision-making for results
OECD survey results for 2007 Priority actions for CAR
• Mark D (A=strong, D=weak) Render monitoring and evaluation
framework for PRSP operational
• Evaluation framework contains best-
practice elements but is not Execute priority surveys
operational Build statistical capacity
• Lack of reliable and regular statistics Put aid management system in
• Low capacity of statistics institute place
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 20
Mar-09

21. Mutual accountability
Donors and partners are accountable for development results
OECD survey results for 2007 Priority actions for CAR
• Absence of mutual review Improve quality of dialogue
mechanisms between government and partners
Render PRSP coordination
framework operational
Put aid management system in
place
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 21
Mar-09

22. Not all gloom…
The good news for aid effectiveness since 2005
HIPC
Country signs Paris
Declaration
Re-launch of
humanitarian and First PRSP and first First year of PRSP
development work Donor Round Table implementation
with new UN team,
aid flows start rising Country reaches UN Peacebuilding
HIPC decision point Commission
Free and fair World Bank clears engages
elections after coup debt arrears Number of NGOs
in 2003 (Bozizé working in CAR Aid management
confirmed) IMF, AfDB reengage rises from 3 to 30 system put in place
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 22
Mar-09

23. C. General country context
Basic info on the Central African Republic
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 23
Mar-09

24. Landlocked in the volatile centre of Africa
Chad
Sudan
Nigeria
Darfur
CAR
Cameroon
DRC
Uganda
Congo
Gabon
Rebellion or internal conflict
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 24
Mar-09

25. Rich soils…
Sudan
Chad
Darfur
Cameroon
Bangui
Diamonds
Gold
DRC Timber
Congo
Uranium
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 25
Mar-09

26. Desperately poor population…
More than 67% of CAR’s 4 million people live on less than one dollar a day
73
70
67
64
61 61 59
Mali Nigeria CAR Niger Burkina Faso Gambia
Zambia
Source: World Bank (2002)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 26
Mar-09

27. No development progress…
One of only two LDCs in Africa with a falling human development indicator
Human Development Index (HDI) Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
+45%
Burkina Faso, Niger, Guinea-Bissau,
Mali, Mozambique, Chad, Ethiopia
CAR
+30%
DRC
+15%
100
-15%
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: HDR (2007)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 27
Mar-09

28. Widening growth gap…
Income per head (PPP) grew by less than 20% in CAR, but doubled in Sub-Saharan Africa
GDP growth, Base = 100 (1985)
+100%
Sub-Saharan Africa
CAR
+80%
+60%
+40%
+20%
100
-20%
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: IMF (2007)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 28
Mar-09

29. Growing aid gap…
Development aid to Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 87% since 1985, but fell by 49% for CAR
ODA Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
+100%
Sub-Saharan Africa
CAR +80%
+60%
+40%
+20%
100
-20%
-40%
-60%
-80%
1995
1985 1990 2000 2005
Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements (constant USD), All donors
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 29
Mar-09

30. Because of political instability?
CAR scores -1.69 on the World Bank’s political instability index
-2.5 -1.0 0 1.0 2.5
South Africa
Rwanda
Angola
Uganda
Central African Republic
Chad
Nigeria
Cote d’Ivoire
Sudan
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Somalia
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 30
Mar-09

31. Very limited international presence in 2007
Birao
Ndélé
Paoua
Kaga-Bandoro
Bossangoa
Bozoum
Bouar Sibut
Bambari
Bangui
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 31
Mar-09

32. Displacement in the north of the country
Intense conflict in the north from mid 2006 to mid 2007
Refugee camp Am Timan
Border
Prefecture
Birao
Town / settlement
Road
Road banditry
Intense conflict
Sam-Ouandja
Severe attacks / burning Ndélé
Gore Wau
UN
Kaga-Bandoro
UN
UN
Bossangoa
UN Bozoum
UN Obo
UN
Bangui
500 km
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 32
Mar-09

33. Increasing humanitarian financing
Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) financing rises from $2.9m in 2004 to $106.5m in ‘08
$106.5m
$77.7m
$23.9m
$9.8m
$2.9m
2005 2008
2004 2006 2007
Source: FTS (2008)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 33
Mar-09

34. International presence in late 2008
Birao
Gordil
Ndélé
Sam Ouandja
Kabo
Paoua
Kaga-Bandoro
Bocaranga
Bossangoa
Mbrés
Bozoum
Obo
Bouar Sibut
Bambari JUPEDEC
BANGUI
Source: HDPT CAR / Sep 08
500 km
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 34
Mar-09

35. For more information go to:
http://dad.hdptcar.net
http://www.hdptcar.net
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 35
Mar-09