Artificial intelligence is the highest form of human development and sound outcome of human conscience
till the date. But the very development seems to be devastating to human future ahead and has been heavily
projected accordingly. More than it may be to decay and destroy the world, the negative and chilling views
on the prospective damages of AI that scholars are percolating to public are costing many times on
humans; and that is plunging human mindset into irreparable pessimism and negativity. This article
explores the way that AI is being depressingly explored and investigated to browbeat public. In addition,
this write-up highlights the serious lacuna, which the advanced academic engagement has still grossly
failed to fill up, of a great deal in course of mainstreaming views and discussions for noble cause of human
development and societal well-belling . Further, it unmasks the dire need in making constructive,
encouraging and optimistic mind-set building academic pursuits and writings then makes an alarming call
to the all prominent scholars to engage with due compliance of it .
Texas Association of State Systems for Computing and Communications, The Future is Here: IT Prime Time, Jim Brazell, Venture Ramp, Inc.August 3-5, Houston, Westin Galleria, Final Speech
Keynote on "Social Machines: Democratisation, Disintermediation, and Citizens at Scale" presented at the Web Science and Big Data Analytics Conference on Information Transparency and Digital Democracy, Tuesday, 25th August 2015, Jakarta Indonesia
Presentation by David Wood of London Futurists at Transvision 2014, Paris, 20th Nov: Accelerating technology and increasing inequality. With Appendix slide covering Q&A at the event.
The genius of Daniel Susskind’s book, A World Without Work, lies in its ability to make a complex subject like labor economics and impact of automation, accessible to the lay reader. Even if you have no background in economics and lead a prosaic life, like most people, this book will expand your mental horizons.
Texas Association of State Systems for Computing and Communications, The Future is Here: IT Prime Time, Jim Brazell, Venture Ramp, Inc.August 3-5, Houston, Westin Galleria, Final Speech
Keynote on "Social Machines: Democratisation, Disintermediation, and Citizens at Scale" presented at the Web Science and Big Data Analytics Conference on Information Transparency and Digital Democracy, Tuesday, 25th August 2015, Jakarta Indonesia
Presentation by David Wood of London Futurists at Transvision 2014, Paris, 20th Nov: Accelerating technology and increasing inequality. With Appendix slide covering Q&A at the event.
The genius of Daniel Susskind’s book, A World Without Work, lies in its ability to make a complex subject like labor economics and impact of automation, accessible to the lay reader. Even if you have no background in economics and lead a prosaic life, like most people, this book will expand your mental horizons.
The school needs, more than ever before, to make it possible to prepare workers with a new education to carry out their activities adjusted to the new times. In order to implement a new education, it is imperative that we begin to identify the human skills necessary for 21st century work and to adjust our obsolete education system to form citizens better equipped for a reality that is different from the industrial age that is coming to an end and still prevails at the moment.
Transhumanism is the belief or theory that the human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations by means of science and technology. The more we explored this subject, the more we got fascinated to see how people are riding on the current era technologies to surpass the capabilities of human body. If the current explorations in transhumanism are anything to go by, then, we believe the future will be very exciting!
In this report we explore the various technologies, people involved and the advancements made in the field of Transhumanism. We would love to hear your feedback, comments and suggestions. Please mail us at ice@humanfactors.com
Google handles over 3 billion searches a day, Amazon offers a storefront with 600 million unique items, Facebook users post 6 billion pieces of content sailing, all with the aid of complex algorithmic systems that respond to a constant influx of new data, adversarial activity by those trying to game the system, and changing preferences of users. These systems represent breakthroughs in the governance of complex, interacting systems, with algorithms that must be constantly updated to respond to rapidly changing conditions. The economy as a whole is also full of complex, interacting systems, but we still try to manage those systems with 20th century tools and processes. This talk explores what we can learn from technology platforms about new approaches that the Fed might take to improve its historical mission using the tools of agile development, big data, and artificial intelligence. My talk at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank FedAgile conference on November 7, 2018. Download the PPT file to read the narrative in the speaker notes. (I wish slideshare did a better job of displaying these, but they don't.)
My keynote at the 2018 New Profit Gathering of Leaders conference in Boston on May 17, 2018. I talk about the lessons from technology platforms, how they teach us what is wrong with our economy, and the possibilities of AI for creating better, fairer, more effective decisions about "who gets what and why" in the economy.
My plenary talk to the California Workforce Association Conference in Monterey, CA, on September 5, 2018. I talked about the role of technology to augment people rather than replace them from my book WTF? What's the Future and Why It's Up to Us, and my ideas about AI and distributional economics, in the context of today's education and workforce development systems. I also summarize some of the work Code for America has been doing on the current state of the California Workforce Development ecosystem.
Public policies for productive innovation in information societySusana Finquelievich
Despite the assumption that large cities produce more innovation than smaller cities, evidence shows that innovation-friendly policies and the use of digital technology to open new pathways to innovation are more important than the city size.
State of the Future 2015-16: Report from the Millennium ProjectDavid Wood
Slides used by David Wood, Chair of London Futurists, to preview the London Futurists event, http://www.meetup.com/London-Futurists/events/224799635/, held at Bloomberg HQ London on 13th November 2015. These slides are derived from a set created by Jerome C. Glenn, The Millennium Project. Topics include the State of the Future Index 1995-2025, 15 Global Challenges, the inevitability of New Economics, Technological Unemployment, and Basic Income Guarantee.
Government For The People, By The People, In the 21st CenturyTim O'Reilly
My joint keynote with Jennifer Pahlka of Code for America at the Accela Engage conference in San Diego on August 5, 2014. We talk about current advances in technology, and how they call for anyone developing services to put their users at the center. In particular, we talk about how these lessons apply to government. Making government work by the people and for the people in a 21st century way is central to restoring faith in government.
The Technological Singularity and EntrepreneurshipRandy Lubin
This talk was given at Stanford Graduate School of Business by Randy Lubin, Robert Denning, and Nick Staubach. It is a basic introduction to the Technological Singularity and its relationship with entrepreneurship.
We Get What We Ask For: Towards a New Distributional EconomicsTim O'Reilly
My keynote at the Venturebeat Blueprint conference in Reno, NV on March 6, 2018. The bad maps that are holding us back from building a better world. Technology need not eliminate jobs. It could be helping us tackle the world's great problems, and helping design marketplaces that ensure a more equitable distribution of the proceeds from doing so. The narrative that goes with the deck is in the speaker notes. There is also a summary and link to the video at https://venturebeat.com/2018/03/06/tim-oreilly-to-tech-companies-use-a-i-to-do-more-than-cut-costs/
The global, long term picture to set the context for the day – trends in population, geopolitics, technology, the massive issues of climate change, migration, resource and energy scarcity.
Evaluation of technology, trade, and inclusive development: Chinese experiencesAkhilesh Chandra Prabhakar
The present study begins by surveying, broadly supports the assertion that technology, trade, sustainability and
development-led globalization is the path in the Chinese context not adequately paid to attention except with very few
original or significant contributions. This research examines the existing pattern in the areas of trade, technology,
investment with a view to locate in the development context in the era of globalization. This study also investigates
theories of trade, technology movement under capitalist paradigm along with the empirical one. The survey broadly
supports the frequent, through usually undocumented, assertion that China’s socialist market paradigm was not
different from the capitalist mode of production as tended to neglect and to which they had made few if any original or
significant contributions. Alongside, this study used secondary data and analyzed, where the results confirmed that
foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and economic growth indicated the presence of long-run sustainable equilibrium
relationship between them but created income inequality gap widely among people. It is, thus, important for
policymakers to remove obstacles and improve the respective absorptive capacity in order to reap maximized positive
inclusive development with equality basis.
The school needs, more than ever before, to make it possible to prepare workers with a new education to carry out their activities adjusted to the new times. In order to implement a new education, it is imperative that we begin to identify the human skills necessary for 21st century work and to adjust our obsolete education system to form citizens better equipped for a reality that is different from the industrial age that is coming to an end and still prevails at the moment.
Transhumanism is the belief or theory that the human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations by means of science and technology. The more we explored this subject, the more we got fascinated to see how people are riding on the current era technologies to surpass the capabilities of human body. If the current explorations in transhumanism are anything to go by, then, we believe the future will be very exciting!
In this report we explore the various technologies, people involved and the advancements made in the field of Transhumanism. We would love to hear your feedback, comments and suggestions. Please mail us at ice@humanfactors.com
Google handles over 3 billion searches a day, Amazon offers a storefront with 600 million unique items, Facebook users post 6 billion pieces of content sailing, all with the aid of complex algorithmic systems that respond to a constant influx of new data, adversarial activity by those trying to game the system, and changing preferences of users. These systems represent breakthroughs in the governance of complex, interacting systems, with algorithms that must be constantly updated to respond to rapidly changing conditions. The economy as a whole is also full of complex, interacting systems, but we still try to manage those systems with 20th century tools and processes. This talk explores what we can learn from technology platforms about new approaches that the Fed might take to improve its historical mission using the tools of agile development, big data, and artificial intelligence. My talk at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank FedAgile conference on November 7, 2018. Download the PPT file to read the narrative in the speaker notes. (I wish slideshare did a better job of displaying these, but they don't.)
My keynote at the 2018 New Profit Gathering of Leaders conference in Boston on May 17, 2018. I talk about the lessons from technology platforms, how they teach us what is wrong with our economy, and the possibilities of AI for creating better, fairer, more effective decisions about "who gets what and why" in the economy.
My plenary talk to the California Workforce Association Conference in Monterey, CA, on September 5, 2018. I talked about the role of technology to augment people rather than replace them from my book WTF? What's the Future and Why It's Up to Us, and my ideas about AI and distributional economics, in the context of today's education and workforce development systems. I also summarize some of the work Code for America has been doing on the current state of the California Workforce Development ecosystem.
Public policies for productive innovation in information societySusana Finquelievich
Despite the assumption that large cities produce more innovation than smaller cities, evidence shows that innovation-friendly policies and the use of digital technology to open new pathways to innovation are more important than the city size.
State of the Future 2015-16: Report from the Millennium ProjectDavid Wood
Slides used by David Wood, Chair of London Futurists, to preview the London Futurists event, http://www.meetup.com/London-Futurists/events/224799635/, held at Bloomberg HQ London on 13th November 2015. These slides are derived from a set created by Jerome C. Glenn, The Millennium Project. Topics include the State of the Future Index 1995-2025, 15 Global Challenges, the inevitability of New Economics, Technological Unemployment, and Basic Income Guarantee.
Government For The People, By The People, In the 21st CenturyTim O'Reilly
My joint keynote with Jennifer Pahlka of Code for America at the Accela Engage conference in San Diego on August 5, 2014. We talk about current advances in technology, and how they call for anyone developing services to put their users at the center. In particular, we talk about how these lessons apply to government. Making government work by the people and for the people in a 21st century way is central to restoring faith in government.
The Technological Singularity and EntrepreneurshipRandy Lubin
This talk was given at Stanford Graduate School of Business by Randy Lubin, Robert Denning, and Nick Staubach. It is a basic introduction to the Technological Singularity and its relationship with entrepreneurship.
We Get What We Ask For: Towards a New Distributional EconomicsTim O'Reilly
My keynote at the Venturebeat Blueprint conference in Reno, NV on March 6, 2018. The bad maps that are holding us back from building a better world. Technology need not eliminate jobs. It could be helping us tackle the world's great problems, and helping design marketplaces that ensure a more equitable distribution of the proceeds from doing so. The narrative that goes with the deck is in the speaker notes. There is also a summary and link to the video at https://venturebeat.com/2018/03/06/tim-oreilly-to-tech-companies-use-a-i-to-do-more-than-cut-costs/
The global, long term picture to set the context for the day – trends in population, geopolitics, technology, the massive issues of climate change, migration, resource and energy scarcity.
Evaluation of technology, trade, and inclusive development: Chinese experiencesAkhilesh Chandra Prabhakar
The present study begins by surveying, broadly supports the assertion that technology, trade, sustainability and
development-led globalization is the path in the Chinese context not adequately paid to attention except with very few
original or significant contributions. This research examines the existing pattern in the areas of trade, technology,
investment with a view to locate in the development context in the era of globalization. This study also investigates
theories of trade, technology movement under capitalist paradigm along with the empirical one. The survey broadly
supports the frequent, through usually undocumented, assertion that China’s socialist market paradigm was not
different from the capitalist mode of production as tended to neglect and to which they had made few if any original or
significant contributions. Alongside, this study used secondary data and analyzed, where the results confirmed that
foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and economic growth indicated the presence of long-run sustainable equilibrium
relationship between them but created income inequality gap widely among people. It is, thus, important for
policymakers to remove obstacles and improve the respective absorptive capacity in order to reap maximized positive
inclusive development with equality basis.
Future Outlook on Urban CompetitivenessWendy Schultz
The narrative of my 22 June 2010 presentation to the Global Innovation Forum in Seoul, sponsored by the Korea Economic Daily. Please refer to PDF of slidedeck, above.
Technology and Sustainable Development
Persuasive Essay On Modern Technology
Technological Innovation Essay
Is Technology An Open Door Opportunity?
Essay Technology
Three Reasons Why Technology is Good
Reflection About Technology
Essay on The Impact of Technology on Education
Essay about Todays Technology
Technology in Teaching and Learning Essay
The Future In Technology Essay
Essay on The Age of Technology
The Influence Of Technology Essay
What is Technology? Essay
Essay On Importance Of Technology
Essay on The Effects of Technology on Students
Impact of Technology in the Workplace Essay
Technology Impact On Technology
Essay on The Effect of Technology On Humanity
Essay about Overuse of Technology
A--The new generation of robotics a) Considering that the new g.pdfeyevision3
A train travels 600 miles in the same time that a truck travels 520 miles. The train\'s average
speed is 8 miles per hour faster than the truck\'s average speed. What is the speed of the train?
Solution
A train travels 600 miles in the same time that a truck travels 520 miles.
The train\'s average speed is 8 miles per hour faster than the truck\'s average speed.
What is the speed of the train?
--------------------------
Train DATA:
distance = 600 miles ; rate = x+8 mph ; time = d/r = 600/(x+8) hrs.
--------------------------
Truck DATA:
distance = 520 miles ; rate = x mph ; time = d/r = 520/x hrs.
--------------------------
EQUATION:
time = time
600/(x+8) = 520/x
600x = 520(x+8)
15x = 13(x+8)
15x = 13x + 104
2x = 104
x = 52 mph (speed of the truck)
x+8 = 60 mph (speed of the train).
The 10 Megatrends of 2022 are the global list of topics that our experts consider will change technology, business models, and society in the medium term. These Megatrends aim to anticipate the answers to the main questions about the future and help us steer our actions and strategies.
What is harder to ignore and even more disconcerting is the fact that the same high tech elites who have made literally billions of dollars off the computer revolution at a time of virtually no regulation are now warning us of the downfall of humanity at the hands of computers and AI, and they are now pleading publicly for regulation before it is too late.
For better future, AI experts, policymakers, Researchers, and society as a
whole have to carefully consider the potential impacts of AI and work to
ensure that its development and operationalization observe ethical principles
and benefit humanity
Technology has unlimited potential… it has been and will continue to be a catalyst for change and transformation. Sustained technological advancement is instrumental in creating forward leaps, both for humanity and for our planet. Examples could be: a new positive application of social media that delivers education to disadvantaged communities, or a bot designed to monitor global forests and their ecosystems.
However, there's also the negative impact of tech that we cannot fail to consider. For example, facial recognition software that encourages racial profiling or a new technology that's consuming natural resources with no consideration for the overall environmental impact.
Economic Impact of Digital Revolution_JM_073015JIM MUKERJEE
Paper for Oxford University (Merton College) course on "Did the Victors lose the Peace?", Summer 2015.
(International Relations & Economics, 1945-2015)
This thought-provoking article delves into the ever-expanding influence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its profound impact on our lives. The narrative follows two data science graduates as they navigate the evolving job market, where AI-driven automation threatens to reshape industries and redefine the role of human labor. From Hollywood's creative unrest to the growing presence of AI in corporate spheres, the article explores the potential benefits and challenges of AI integration. Additionally, it contemplates the "ratchet effect" and how culture shapes human survival, while pondering the implications of AI's accelerating capabilities. The article concludes with an introspective confession, highlighting the delicate balance between embracing AI's potential and safeguarding the essence of human ingenuity in a rapidly transforming world.
Similar to AN OBNOXIOUS LACUNA ON DISCOURSES AND COUNTER DISCOURSES OVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (19)
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AI...gerogepatton
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AI 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Artificial Intelligence and its applications. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the Conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
May 2024 - Top 10 Read Articles in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (...gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)gerogepatton
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
Information Extraction from Product Labels: A Machine Vision Approachgerogepatton
This research tackles the challenge of manual data extraction from product labels by employing a blend of
computer vision and Natural Language Processing (NLP). We introduce an enhanced model that combines
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in a Convolutional
Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) for reliable text recognition. Our model is further refined by
incorporating the Tesseract OCR engine, enhancing its applicability in Optical Character Recognition
(OCR) tasks. The methodology is augmented by NLP techniques and extended through the Open Food
Facts API (Application Programming Interface) for database population and text-only label prediction.
The CRNN model is trained on encoded labels and evaluated for accuracy on a dedicated test set.
Importantly, our approach enables visually impaired individuals to access essential information on
product labels, such as directions and ingredients. Overall, the study highlights the efficacy of deep
learning and OCR in automating label extraction and recognition.
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AI...gerogepatton
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AI 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Artificial Intelligence and its applications. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the Conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
Research on Fuzzy C- Clustering Recursive Genetic Algorithm based on Cloud Co...gerogepatton
Aiming at the problems of poor local search ability and precocious convergence of fuzzy C-cluster
recursive genetic algorithm (FOLD++), a new fuzzy C-cluster recursive genetic algorithm based on
Bayesian function adaptation search (TS) was proposed by incorporating the idea of Bayesian function
adaptation search into fuzzy C-cluster recursive genetic algorithm. The new algorithm combines the
advantages of FOLD++ and TS. In the early stage of optimization, fuzzy C-cluster recursive genetic
algorithm is used to get a good initial value, and the individual extreme value pbest is put into Bayesian
function adaptation table. In the late stage of optimization, when the searching ability of fuzzy C-cluster
recursive genetic is weakened, the short term memory function of Bayesian function adaptation table in
Bayesian function adaptation search algorithm is utilized. Make it jump out of the local optimal solution,
and allow bad solutions to be accepted during the search. The improved algorithm is applied to function
optimization, and the simulation results show that the calculation accuracy and stability of the algorithm
are improved, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (...gerogepatton
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (AIS 2024) will
provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology, and
applications of Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing. The Conference looks for significant
contributions to all major fields of the Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing in theoretical and practical
aspects. The aim of the Conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from
both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
Employee attrition refers to the decrease in staff numbers within an organization due to various reasons.
As it has a negative impact on long-term growth objectives and workplace productivity, firms have
recognized it as a significant concern. To address this issue, organizations are increasingly turning to
machine-learning approaches to forecast employee attrition rates. This topic has gained significant
attention from researchers, especially in recent times. Several studies have applied various machinelearning methods to predict employee attrition, producing different resultsdepending on the employed
methods, factors, and datasets. However, there has been no comprehensive comparative review of multiple
studies applying machine-learning models to predict employee attrition to date. Therefore, this study aims
to fill this gap by providing an overview of research conducted on applying machine learning to predict
employee attrition from 2019 to February 2024. A literature review of relevant studies was conducted,
summarized, and classified. Most studies agree on conducting comparative experiments with multiple
predictive models to determine the most effective one.From this literature survey, the RF algorithm and
XGB ensemble method are repeatedly the best-performing, outperforming many other algorithms.
Additionally, the application of deep learning to employee attrition prediction issues also shows promise.
While there are discrepancies in the datasets used in previous studies, it is notable that the dataset
provided by IBM is the most widely utilized. This study serves as a concise review for new researchers,
facilitating their understanding of the primary techniques employed in predicting employee attrition and
highlighting recent research trends in this field. Furthermore, it provides organizations with insight into
the prominent factors affecting employee attrition, as identified by studies, enabling them to implement
solutions aimed at reducing attrition rates.
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AI...gerogepatton
10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIFU 2024) is a forum for presenting new advances and research results in the fields of Artificial Intelligence. The conference will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. The scope of the conference covers all theoretical and practical aspects of the Artificial Intelligence.
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
THE TRANSFORMATION RISK-BENEFIT MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:BALANCING RI...gerogepatton
This paper summarizes the most cogent advantages and risks associated with Artificial Intelligence from an
in-depth review of the literature. Then the authors synthesize the salient risk-related models currently being
used in AI, technology and business-related scenarios. Next, in view of an updated context of AI along with
theories and models reviewed and expanded constructs, the writers propose a new framework called “The
Transformation Risk-Benefit Model of Artificial Intelligence” to address the increasing fears and levels of
AIrisk. Using the model characteristics, the article emphasizes practical and innovative solutions where
benefitsoutweigh risks and three use cases in healthcare, climate change/environment and cyber security to
illustrate unique interplay of principles, dimensions and processes of this powerful AI transformational
model.
13th International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications (SEA 2...gerogepatton
13th International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications (SEA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Software Engineering and Applications. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern software engineering concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA)gerogepatton
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
AN OBNOXIOUS LACUNA ON DISCOURSES AND COUNTER DISCOURSES OVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
DOI : 10.5121/ijaia.2019.10202 17
AN OBNOXIOUS LACUNA ON DISCOURSES AND
COUNTER DISCOURSES OVER ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Dr. Atindra Dahal
Associate Professor, Kathmandu School of Law, Bhaktapur, Nepal
ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence is the highest form of human development and sound outcome of human conscience
till the date. But the very development seems to be devastating to human future ahead and has been heavily
projected accordingly. More than it may be to decay and destroy the world, the negative and chilling views
on the prospective damages of AI that scholars are percolating to public are costing many times on
humans; and that is plunging human mindset into irreparable pessimism and negativity. This article
explores the way that AI is being depressingly explored and investigated to browbeat public. In addition,
this write-up highlights the serious lacuna, which the advanced academic engagement has still grossly
failed to fill up, of a great deal in course of mainstreaming views and discussions for noble cause of human
development and societal well-belling . Further, it unmasks the dire need in making constructive,
encouraging and optimistic mind-set building academic pursuits and writings then makes an alarming call
to the all prominent scholars to engage with due compliance of it .
Method and Hypothesis
As a doctrinal qualitative research based on extensive survey of secondary data and literature,
methodologically, with adoption of paradigm of descriptive interpretation, this research hypothesizes that
the discussions and discourses over AI are biased, hold a serious lacuna thus need to be reconstructed to
make it balanced and build better world than to browbeat people.
KEYWORDS
Artificial Intelligence, Human Future, Economic Development, Job Market
1. BACKGROUND
Everywhere and undisputedly, development is the first need of people. Nonetheless, development
is not always an exclusively reserved responsibility of any single component of nation. The
integrated efforts from all stakeholders- i.e. from leader to commoners and from professionals to
public- are must. From savage to agrarian age too, the cycle of development had an appreciative
pace. Following Greek civilization about 1000 BCE, subsequent Roman, Hwang-Ho,
Mesopotamia and Indus valley civilizations had some spectacular and formative development
initiations. Water Mill, Geometry, Steam engines were some achievements to note as those were
accomplished to extend imperial leverage in the time and later too. But development in last 100
years was so radically miraculous that reconfigured the entire human-lives at the height of never
imagined ease and comfort. The graph the world charted out in entire epoch of time has proved
2. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
18
that we cannot not to progress. Thus pace of progress has always remained perpetual and
unstoppable mission in the world.
2. PROGRESS, A PERPETUAL TASK
Human imagination and creative faculty have made all these miraculous changes possible.
Authoring a book ‘Simulacra and Simulation’, an iconic philosopher, Baudrillard (1981) argues
that imagination is the hyper-reality. Various ancient mythological books from Hindu, Islam and
Buddhist sects too imagined airbus, telephone, ships and many of modern days’ advancements.
Once, modern science materialized them, human-lives began experiencing sea long changes. As
the most unique invention of time, Graham made telephone in 1876 AD. Radio by Marconi in
1901, television by Baird in 1925 and computer by Eckert & Mauchly in 1938 were new cum
electrifying episodes of the series. Subsequently, ATM, Internet, Rocket, Genetic-Engineering,
Washing Machine, Electric Bulb, Airbus, Ship, Cable Car, I-pad and Tablets and others are on
show now. Hope many more are on the way and scientists may be robustly working for it.
Humans’ undefeatable efficiency and unbeatably unique talents made all these developments
possible. On the top, lately, wave of artificial intelligence (AI) has commanded a mammoth
popularity. AI has surpassed the ever projected limitation of human discovery and invention in
scientific filed. Human sense enabled robots are justifying it as they work like human minds.
Writer of ‘The Complete Problem Solver’, Hayes (2013) believes AI as the divine pill for all the
problems. Lately the self–regulated vehicles, weapons, agrarian equipments, and machines are on
use, globally. Recently, Fukoku Life, an insurance company in Japan has replaced a significant
quarter of human resource with robots. A hotel therein simulated same, last year.
Owing to such radical changes that AI has bestowed to the human lives, academicians too have
commenced making commendable viewpoints on it, globally. Bostrom (2016) defines AI as “a
system that can do all that a human intellect can do but much faster” (page: 64) and further as “a
system composed of a large number of smaller intellects such that the system’s overall
performance across many very general domains vastly outstrips that of any cognitive system”
(page: 65). Therefore it is easy to perceive that intelligence, which the machines have automated,
is both super and faster than collective intelligence of entire human beings. Further rating AI as
quality super-intelligence, he adds, “a system that is at least as fast as a human mind and vastly
qualitative smarter” (page: 68).
Many of recent changes and developments have sufficiently worked to supplement the
assumption. A robot called Pari at SBI bank, Darbarmarga branch in Nepal acts like receptionist.
Many of south Asian nations like Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri-Lanka, India and Pakistan have been
highly lured and hugely infatuated at added and extended usage of such mechanically inbuilt
intelligence in human maneuvers. Banks, call centers, restaurants and hotels, and shopping mall
are few of sample institutions heavily incorporating it. Soon, robots are likely to largely replace
humans in many functions and ensure the robot revolution. Among robot companies, Android
Love Doll, Sexbot and To Companion are said of endeavoring in making robots that can walk,
talk, understand human sense cum emotion and even can make sexual relation too. Such success
and implication of AI sounds breathtaking to listen. But AI-induced real challenges will be
beyond capacity to bear.
3. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
19
3. TOUGH TO BEAR
AI is likely to ruthlessly plunge people into pool of vast challenges, in every nook and corner of
the world. In Global Catastrophic Risk (2008), Bosterm and Ćirković (2008) count AI as fatal
and grotesque as environmental degradation, terrorism, starvation, drug addiction, cold and civil
wars and so on of these days. Minsky’s (1986) The Society of Mind too cedes same.
AI, at the optimum of uses, severely damages the employment sector and creates gruesomely
weird and bizarre state in job market. Even till the date, many people have irreparably missed
jobs because of software and machines while marching to machined-based economy from
muscle-based form alike argued by Bovee et al (2013), lead and highly cited authors on business
communication. Of ongoing usual organizational practices too, an intercom system in telephone
replaces two receptionists at a time whereas the tally software replaces 3 accountants. Now 4 to 5
people can smoothly operate a bank branch instead of plus dozen, needed a decade ago. Once
machines are made with better human intelligence, the employment situation further deteriorates
and it has already taken a substantial speed.
Some latest reports make hint that AI is likely to substitute 38% jobs in America, 35% in
Germany, 30% in UK and 21% in Japan respectively till 2035. From 56 percent in transportation,
46 percent in manufacturing and 9% jobs in education sectors respectively shall be substituted.
The trend can no way be withheld and aborted further. Following unending and egregious
employment crisis, people lose economic status. Then, accruing and unbridled financial crunch
frustrates people fathomlessly. People go bound in looting, murdering, smuggling and committing
other criminal acts for livelihood. Selling properties and migrating to cheaper countries for easy
life becomes rife. Trans-border criminalities become common. Organic human memory
efficiency scales down a lot. Humans may be posed into dangers of being the house hold pets.
As everything becomes mechanic, demand of electricity jumps up approximately 40 times,
leading severe energy crisis. Aftermath of frustration, people might detach from social and family
responsibilities. Lethargy, family disintegration, decline on birth-rate, oversized expansion of
negative mentality are highly possible. It might breach the pace of prosperity and wreck the
reproduction pattern to further wax dismay and decay in human life cycle, globally.
Reports reveal that people can’t have jobs plus 15 hours a week and that can’t afford minimal
subsistence too. Owing to excessive undercut on people’s consumption capacity, producers go
dashed-off to the dust and companies may turn bountifully bankrupt. Excessive uses of machines
seriously plunder security concerns of countries and key information may be clandestinely stolen.
Past episodes of cyber attack are burning examples. Right to secrecy shall be violated. And
ruthless and aggressive plundering over others’ resources for living may take an unchecked
speed.
Currently, Google undergoes 40 thousand searches per second, reports reveal. On the top of
dismay, the optimal level of AI encumbers internet million times more than today; and perhaps
internet slumbers then ceases to function. Issues to be discussed, developed and designed backed
with human rationality, relativism of truth, doctrine of necessity can never be well surmounted by
machinery calculation, which is more robotic and based on given commands. Then, mechanical
anarchism governs all sans being seconded by any other; and learning by mistake fully fails. No
4. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
20
trial and error can be warranted; rather mechanic chaos and bedlam disgustingly bedeck the
society. AI equipped machines can’t be normally afforded.
Alike two World Wars destroyed human lives in earlier centuries, now AI and its boundless
application can mar us again. Quest of economic development may be profoundly derailed and
dwindled. Though AI is an epitome of much touted advancement now, it is sure to afflict humans
endlessly, and some disgusts have been already germinated. The first and big impacts will be on
economy of people, further generating heavy havoc in all aspects. Such trends are heavily
discussed and projected into various contemporary literatures. Scholars have profoundly
expressed woos and worries about the future that AI disgustingly leads towards sordid darkness.
A plethora of discourses and counter discourses is ‘recent and fashioned academic contributions’
in regards to AI.
4. DISCOURSES AND COUNTER DISCOURSES
A study jointly ventured by Frey and Osborne (2013) has alarmingly pointed out that US is
hellishly squeezed and is likely to losing 47 percent of existing total employments owing to
extremity of computerization. In contrary of it, Autor (2015), though denies admitting about
obstruction on human intelligentsia and labor because of automation and technological progress,
nonetheless dares not to argue that AI won’t emasculate and weaken the economic life cycle of
people. Bresnahan et al (2002) strongly believe that advanced computerization can only substitute
the ‘middle-skills employees’ thus poses no negative leverage on human brains however Van
Reenen (2011) still feels a dearth and acute shortage of rigorous studies to explore AI related
lethal leverages and impacts on human lives and pace of progress. Presenting it as an
‘unpredictable and unintended side effects of uncontrolled innovation’, Bostrom (2014) coins a
beautiful phrase ‘household pets’ to indicate the human condition ahead. Hence, he alarmingly
alerts people to siphon off adequate measures before it is too late to lament but guides no concrete
ways to do so.
Russell & Norvig (2010) stress to instill some human values in robots hence AI shall be in
compliance with ethics whereas Wallach & Allen (2008), prior to them, had projected the notion
of ‘inbuilt ethical programme’ to overcome Yudkowsky’s (2008) projection of AI-induced
‘existential risk’ alike to perception of Acemoglu and Autor (2011), who pressingly paid pressure
on ‘indigenized automation of technology’. Bloom et al (2005) urge that AI might simulate
innovation that takes low level acceleration at the advent but gear up to the excessive high speed
at the final stage. However, the same may be detrimentally discouraging to the expectation of
progress and prosperity at the end. Further, Agrawal at el (2017) regard it as ‘recombinant
growth’ along a transition path. To certify the miracle making marvelous mystery of AI, Autor et
al (2003) take self-driving car and modern scientific lab as the latest reform whereas Baslandze
(2016) believes on knowledge diffusion and sectoral relocation to adduce so as there is no sector
where AI can be negated or even seconded.
A notion of ‘Approach to automation’ by Peretto and Seater (2013) and ‘Robots at Work’ by
Graetz and Michaels (2015) too unfold mercilessly negative impacts that AI is going of crown
upon the rest entire human society. Still, since not being subject of immediate assimilation, the
nature of advanced realization is not sensed into the degree as it had to be. Tirole (2017) believes
the wage gap between skilled and semiskilled to be skyrocketing ahead because of advanced
development of AI. Even middle men can accomplish on performing monitoring jobs spotlessly
5. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
21
as Zeira (1998) astonishingly makes an overrated response that AI has profoundly caused a
paradigm shift in real life and day to day occurrences and incurrence of people. He confirms that
AI has taken people to the realm which was beyond imagination till some centuries back.
AI, as an impassioned activity of human, begins to groom machines intelligently equipped with
rare foresight and vision as well, Nilsson (2010) rates. Corduck (2004) feels it as thinking
machine whereas Calo (2010) believes it as a human endeavor to make humans themselves fake
or so fake either; he but sarcastically remarks that that elephant can’t dance in order to point the
eventual limitation of AI. Taking things at further worse, Bostrom and Ćirković (2008) urge that
AI has not only failed to assimilate and negotiate the philosophical lacuna but also it incurs some
unstated serious technical failure as well, what for authors have said ‘two informal fuzzy
categories’. Bamberger and Mulligan (2015) unfold a grotesque and seemingly obnoxious attack
on privacy of people because of heightened attachment to the mechanically controlled and
subdued lives whereas Jaynes (2003) worries on confusing state of knowledge and opinions that
AI has been capaciously crediting amongst human begins and calls it ‘mind projection fallacy’.
Thus Minsky (1986) believes AI not to be friendly as people are astonishingly paying
subservience at; rather it is definitely sure to drive off away lots of opportunities and ideas from
people. Similarly, Yudkowsky (2008) scares on lack of abstract intelligence on AI as mechanical
computation and command merely works on acute and straight blindness with ditto repetition
without having understanding about theory of necessity or doctrine of urgency. Therefore,
Bostrom (2004), expressing woes as that rest of others discussed issues are mere wee, worries on
weird problems that AI may woo people in restraining or detaching from reproduction system
because of excessive engagement with machines. That will severely lounge the world back in
manifolds.
To reflect the generic function of AI, Goertzel and Pennachin (2006) call it Artificial General
Intelligence since it can’t have specific and technical functions which demand volume of theory
of necessity and comparative analysis. Agreeing with similar notion, Kamm (2007) perceives it as
impermissible to do things on its own sake as humans’ control and command might change it
heavily on its working procedure. Despite having many limitations and inabilities to entirely swap
the human intelligence, this latest scientific and progressive brain child of human minds, AI can
pose some serious cum lasting effects as Omohundro (2008) believes; and on the same note
Yudkowsky (2008) calls it positively negative factor. Highlighting its limitation, Bloom (2013)
notes of gross and grim failure to share and embody ‘genetically programmed moral values’ and
projects it as mere baby of evil till now. The very painful and soaring situation is ‘treacherous
turn’, in words of Bostrom (2014).
Therefore, Davis (2015) seriously urges for design of ‘machine ethics’, which shall probably be a
new branch of ethics that could crucially assist to operate machine into ethical manner as well as
to protect humans from vast ocean of dangers and angers, for safety of both AI and human. His
overture commands ground on a conservatively rough calculation made by Hall (2008) as to AI is
prone to outplace world economy of 7 billion people together with serious impacts on natural
resources and physical capital. In line with those authors, Russell et al (2003) propose to revisit
our attitude at anthropoids as that will not be as mesmerizing and glamorizing as we are overrated
and been wrongly presuming. Ergo the clock-speed difference between biological and digital
mind, assumed by Sotala (2012), defiantly proves and places AI in grossly slow and sluggish in
area of subjective analysis.
6. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
22
Despite having some obnoxious and outrageous responses, Kaplan (2017) positively perceives AI
to manumit a blessed contribution on ‘elderly care and retail shopping’ and Michael (2015)
overrates it for possibly inexplicable importance in domain of crime curtailing and investigation.
Here, Acemoglu (2003) is spurred to motion that owing to infinite penetration and implication of
technology on people, who will be heavily dwelling on digital world, there shall be an
inexplicable inequality bolstered and boosted by AI. Similarly Autor and Dorn (2013) again scare
to have a new episode of American dominance and hegemony since most of AI appliances, which
shall be produced and percolated, undergo compliance to American obsession and wishes. Based
on same fear, Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) worry about declining wages as the next
detrimental upshot of AI in array; and further, Joshi and Roh (2009) too express deep concern on
deteriorating human values and family attachment because of AI.
A study by Arntz at el (2016), for the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), refuses to believe the 47-percent estimate regarding the jobs likely to be replaced by AI.
Their tentative calculation exceeds the prior set limit and makes a hint to affect about 67 percent
in total. Moreover, Autor (2015) claims that even the remaining will be still the subject of
research whether those last long. But Barocas and Selbst (2016) expect AI not being capacitated
to cause full-swing swapping as it only works on data which are trained to be computed.
Nonetheless, alike other authors, Cherry (2015) too deeply worries as that the heavy effect and
blow of this advancement will be on micro-workers of routine based manual workers on jobs of
repetitive nature. In series, Davis and Osoba (2016), with their studies on health data privacy and
consumer fairness, note that there are many toxically affected and suffocated diseases on human
bodies because of AI.
In addition of aforementioned studies, Jaimovich and Siu (2012) draw and drill a distinct line of
separation that AI is likely to impact. They opine that routine jobs shall be evidently and
manesifestedly under marked risk whereas cognitive occupation framework still demands critical
creative human faculty to be surmounted; and for the same, Andrew (2016) rates it as ‘limit of AI
automability’. As Paul (2010) feels the privacy to be broken and plundered to the great pool
because of AI largely taking health data and consumer fairness under its undue leverage,
Wystrach (2013), Lyng (2004) and Tzafestas (2016), in their different studies, heavily delve into
very discourse and conclude that AI can definitely be depositing the devastating damages on
economic lives of majority of people though few of technocrats remain unstained and untarnished
with this evident pain. Leaving entire humans in total disarray and bizarre, AI turns to be brazen
mockery of human insight and intelligence rather. They urge that it shall be nauseatingly
irresponsible to perceive that AI’s impacts can be stymied by resorting to some other recourse
rather.
Sorokina (2015) feels AI as deep learning but more concerned into the area of large data sets
whereas Crawford (2016) rates it as ‘white guys problem’ as that is not exponentially advanced to
the grass roots of people in non-western technologically moderate or median societies. Though
having such an intensive discussion on behalf of many of noted scholars of time, it is fairly seen
lopsided as there is a serious lacuna in course of building balanced view points and positive
approach regarding studies on AI.
5. SERIOUS LACUNA
Though many authors are expressing deep concern over grotesque future AI is likely to pose-
7. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
23
compared to very minimal scholars who seem seemingly positive towards the arrestingly
spectacular development at the time- there is wondering gap on penning the positive efforts.
Hardly, eloquently and unequivocally, anyone at all has guided the ways to overcome the
challenge. They are all busy bodies and active minds to instill negative worldview and further
browbeat and cow the people. Every scientific innovation has both aspects as pain and pleasure.
But the academic exercise has to penetrate more on finding the suitable solutions to minimize the
challenge and mitigate the harms it may generate.
As an evident exception by lodging reverse standpoint than above refereed authors, Pavaloiu
(2016) poses convincingly positive notes and writes, “AI can solve the unsolvable problems.
People need to be part of its development in order for AI to help augment human ingenuity and
create a culture based on collaboration” (page: 23), hence assimilates the indispensible credit that
AI can confer to the society. Lewis et al find (2014) full rationality in argument; and Kurzweil
(2005) too calls it singularity of truth as scaring of its hellish and pestilential outcomes ahead can
neither and nowhere drive us into any pleasing position. Hence, maximizing the benefits and
negotiating with the falls that we are destined to incur- sans any pangs of bereavement and
anxiety- is one and only the rational road ahead. But there is serious and acute dearth of such
scholars who dare to foil and defrost the one-way created discourses then make societies hopeful
over AI or orient people to use if for noble cause of human welfare.
If sought and searched, AI can be of profoundly productive for noble cause of mass welfare and
development. Earning money, promoting security, effectivizing human lives, and harnessing
many other multiple benefits can be projected or peeped in. Despite possibility, there is no little
or no effort at all paid to identify this noble action. As the suffering to society cannot be tolerated
at any alibi, the one and only the quest of human minds’ engagement over any issue should to
explore the ways for saving humankinds and taking society at new height of progress and
prosperity.
Simply discussing about harrowing and agonizing frustrations will fuel no positive symptoms. It
is neither helpful to society not it gets any sanction as an engaging academic pursuit. Any
academic pursuit should be for positive development and progress of the society ahead. It should
create hope; and it should know, go then show the path of optimism for the people.
6. CONCLUSION
So further researches and explorations are matter of the urgent need to offer panacea over such
menacing academic mis- exploitation what is driving societies towards negative direction. Only
digging the deplorable and dingy or lethal future is no way corrective course for society than
being mere provocative to people. Thus, leaving the existing trend of producing discourses with
arguments and counter arguments to discover the loss or detriment it possess, the appreciative
academic move to handle it ought to be in to the academic quest of people. The analysis till the
time seems lopsided, pessimist and only the negative worldview provoking enterprise. Such
pleasure can never be a true spirit in purview of appreciative academic enthusiasm. Thus a full
clock reverse in this trend is needed. Scholars should aware people to mitigate and take AI
created challenges. Orienting readers to use AI to support the human lives and economic health of
people remain intact or make more salubrious and vibrant should be their one and only aim. But
having no progress on it and only producing literature to heavily expose the challenges and
demerits of AI, thus building overarching pessimism on people, indicate a flat and far
8. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
24
inconsolable and in-concealable lacuna in existing discourses and counter discourses over
Artificial Intelligence.
WORKS CITED
[1] Acemoglu, Daron. (2003). “Directed Technological Change.” Review of Economic Studies 69(4). P+
781-809.
[2] Acemoglu, Daron and Autor, David. (2011). “Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for
Employment and Earnings.” Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 4. Edited by Ashenfelter and D.
Card. Elsevier, P+ 1043–1171.
[3] Agrawal, Ajay, John McHale and Alex Oettl. (2017). “Artificial Intelligence and Recombinant
Growth.” Manuscript. Canada: University of Toronto.
[4] Andrew, Ng. (2016). “What AI Can and Can’t Do.” Harvard Business Review. November, 2016.
[5] Arntz, M., T. Gregory and U. Zierahn. (2016). “The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries:
A Comparative Analysis.” OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 189,
December.
[6] Autor, David H. (2015). “Why are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace
Automation.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 3. P+ 3-30.
[7] Autor, David H. and Dorn, David. (2013). “The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the
Polarization of the US Labor Market.” American Economic Review 103(5): 1553-97.
[8] Autor, David H., Frank Levy and Richard J. Murnane. (2003). “The Skill Content of Recent
Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics. November
2003, 118 (4), P+ 1279–1333.
[9] Bamberger, Kenneth A. and Mulligan, Deirdre K. (2015). Privacy on the Ground: Driving Corporate
Behaviour in the United States and Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
[10] Barocas, S. and Selbst, A. D. (2016). “Big Data’s Disparate Impact.” California Law Review, Vol.
104.
[11] Baslandze, Salome. (2016). “The Role of the IT Revolution in Knowledge Diffusion, Innovation and
Reallocation.” EIEF manuscript.
[12] Baudrillard, Jean. (1981). Simulacra and Simulation. Translated by Sheila Faria Galser. USA:
Michigan.
[13] Bloom, P. (2013). Just babies: the Origins of Good and Evil. New York: Crow.
[14] Bloom, Nick, Richard Blundell, Rachel Griffith and Peter Howitt. (2005). “Competition and
Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics. USA: MIT Press,
May, 120 (2), P+ 701–728.
[15] Bostrom, N. (2004). “The Future of Human Evolution.” Death and Anti‐Death: Two Hundred Years
after Kant, Fifty Years after Turing. Edited by Charles Tandy & Palo Alto. California: Ria University
Press.
[16] Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. New York: Oxford University
Press.
[17] Bostrom, N. (2016). Superintelligence. New York: Oxford University Press.
[18] Bostrom, Nick and Ćirković, Milan M. (2008). Global Catastrophic Risks. New York: Oxford
University press.
[19] Bovee, Courtland and Thrill, John V. (2013). Business Communciation Today. USA: Pearson.
[20] Bresnahan, Timothy F., Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin M. Hitt. (2002). “Information Technology,
Workplace Organization, and the Demand for Skilled Labour: Firm-Level Evidence.” Quarterly
Journal of Economics, Vol. 117, No. 1. P+ 339-376.
[21] Brynjolfsson, Erik and McAfee, Andrew. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and
Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. USA: WW Norton & Company.
[22] Calo, M. Ryan. (2010). “People Can Be So Fake: A New Dimension to Privacy and Technology
Scholarship.” Penn State Law Review 114, no. 3. P+ 809–855.
9. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
25
[23] Cherry, M. A. (2015). “Beyond Misclassification: The Digital Transformation of Work.”
Comparative Labour Law Journal & Policy Journal, Vol. 37, 2015. P+ 577.
[24] Corduck, Pamela Mc. (2004). Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and
Prospects of Artificial Intelligence. San Francisco: Natick, MA: A. K. Peters.
[25] Crawford, Kate. (2016). “Artificial Intelligence’s White Guy Problem.” New York Times, June 25.
[26] Davis, E. (2015). “Ethical Guidelines for a Super-intelligence.” Artificial Intelligence, 220. P+ 121–
124.
[27] Davis, John S. and Osoba, Osonde A. (2017). Privacy Preservation in the Age of Big Data: A Survey.
Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, WR-1161.
[28] Frey, Carl Benedikt and Osborne, Michael A. (2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible
Are Jobs to Computerization? USA: Oxford Martin School.
[29] Goertzel, B. and Pennachin, C. (2006). Artificial General Intelligence. New York, NY:
Springer‐Verlag.
[30] Graetz, Georg and Michaels, Guy. (2015). “Robots at Work.” CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 10477.
[31] Hall, J. S. (2008). Engineering Utopia.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 171,
460.
[32] Hayes, John R. (2013). The Complete Problem Solver. USA: Routledge.
[33] Jaimovich, Nir and Siu, Henry E. (2012). The Trend is the Cycle: Job Polarization and Jobless
Recoveries (Working Paper 18334). Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research.
[34] Jaynes, E. T. (2003). Probability Theory: The Logic of Science. Edited by G. Larry Bretthorst. New
York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.2277/0521592712.
[35] Joshi, Aparna and Roh, Hyntak. (2009). “The Role of Context in Work Team Diversity Research: A
Meta-Analytic Review.” Academy of Management Journal (52). P+ 599-627.
[36] Kamm, F. (2007). Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
[37] Kaplan, J. (2017). “Artificial Intelligence: Think Again.” Communications of the ACM (60). P+ 36-
38.
[38] Kurzweil, R. (2005). The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. USA: Penguin.
[39] Lewis, R. L., A. Howes & S. Singh. (2014). “Computational rationality: Linking Mechanism and
Behaviour through Bounded Utility Maximization.” Topics in Cognitive Science, 6(2). P+ 279-311.
[40] Lyng, S (2004). Edgework: The Sociology of Risk-Taking. London, UK; New York: Routledge,
Taylor & Francis Group.
[41] Michael, G. (2015). “The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Benevolent or Malevolent?” Skeptic,
Altadena, CA. P+1: 57
[42] Minsky, Marvin. (1986). The Society of Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.
[43] Nilsson, Nils J. (2010). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.
Cambridge. UK: Cambridge University Press.
[44] Omohundro, S. (2008). “The Basic AI Drives.” Proceedings of the AGI‐08 Workshop. Amsterdam:
IOS Press. P+ 483‐492.
[45] Paul, Ohm. (2010). “Broken Promises of Privacy: Responding to the Surprising Failure of
Anonymization”. UCLA Law Review, Vol. 57, P+ 1701.
[46] Pavaloiu, A. (2016). “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Global Trends.” Journal of
Multidisciplinary Developments, 1(1). P+ 21-37.
[47] Peretto, Pietro F. and Seater, John J. (2013). “Factor-eliminating Technical Change.” Journal of
Monetary Economics, 60 (4). P+ 459–473.
[48] Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2010). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. New Jersey: Pearson.
[49] Russell, S. J., P. Norvig, J.F. Canny, J. M. Malik, & D. D. Edwards. (2003). Artificial Intelligence: A
Modern Approach (Vol. 2). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River.
[50] Sorokina, O. (2015). Artificial Intelligence in Social Media: What AI Knows About You, and What
You Need to Know? Hootsuite Social Media Management
[51] Sotala, K. (2012). “Advantages of Artificial Intelligences, Uploads and Digital Minds.”International
Journal of Machine Consciousness, 04(01), P+ 275–291. doi: 10 .1142/S1793843012400161.
[52] Tirole, Jean. (2017). Economics for the Common Good. USA: Princeton University Press.
10. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA), Vol.10, No.2, March 2019
26
[53] Tzafestas, S.G. (2016). Roboethics: A Navigating Overview. Berlin: Springer.
[54] Van-Reenen, John. (2011). “Wage Inequality, Technology and Trade: 21st Century Evidence.”
Labour Economics, Vol. 18, No. 6. P+ 730-741.
[55] Wallach, W., & Allen, C. (2008). Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong. USA:
Oxford University Press.
[56] Wystrach, A. (2013). “We’ve been Looking at Ant Intelligence the Wrong Way.” Scientific
American, 30 August.
[57] Yudkowsky, Eliezer. (2008). “Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global
Risk.” Global Catastrophic Risks. Edited by Nick Bostrom and Milan M. Ćirković. New York:
Oxford University Press, P+ 308–345.
[58] Zeira, Joseph. (1998). “Workers, Machines, and Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics,
November 113 (4). P+ 1091–1117.