The present research work investigated the influence of bio-field treatment on two common flavoring agents used in food industries namely beef extract powder (BEP) and meat infusion powder (MIP). The treated powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, surface area analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FT-IR results showed disappearance of triglycerides peaks in both the treated powders as compared to control. XRD results corroborated the amorphous nature of both control and treated samples. The BEP showed enhanced average particle size (d50) and d99 (size exhibited by 99% of powder particles) by 5.7% and 16.1%, respectively as compared to control. Contrarily, the MIP showed a decreased particle size (d50;0.4% and d99; 18.1%) as compared to control.It was assumed that enormous energy was stored in MIP after bio-field treatment that led to fracture into smaller particles. The surface area was increased in both the treated powders. DSC result showed significant increase in melting temperature, in BEP and MIP, which indicated the higher thermal stability of the samples. However, the specific heat capacity (∆H) was decreased in both samples, which was probably due to high energy state of the powders.
Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of Beef Ext...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present research work investigated the influence of bio-field treatment on two common flavoring agents used in food industries namely beef extract powder (BEP) and meat infusion powder (MIP)
Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Thermal Proper...wilhelm mendel
In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis. The FTIR results revealed that biofield treatment has caused reduction of amide group (amide-I and amide-II) stretching vibration peak that is associated with strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in treated CEH as compared to control. However, no significant changes were observed in FTIR spectrum of treated CYP. The TGA analysis of treated CEH showed a substantial improvement in thermal stability which was confirmed by increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (217°C) as compared to control (209°C). Similarly, the treated CYP also showed enhanced thermal stability as compared to control. DSC showed increase in melting temperature of treated CYP as compared to control. However the melting peak was absent in DSC of treated CEH which was probably due to rigid chain of the protein. The surface area of treated CEH was increased by 83% as compared to control. However, a decrease (7.3%) in surface area was observed in treated CYP. The particle size analysis of treated CEH showed a significant increase in average particle size (d50) and d99 value (maximum particle size below which 99% of particles are present) as compared to control sample. Similarly, the treated CYP also showed a substantial increase in d50 and d99 values which was probably due to the agglomeration of the particles which led to formation of bigger microparticles. The result showed that the biofield treated CEH and CYP could be used as a matrix for pharmaceutical applications.
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder. Magnesium powder was divided into two parts denoted as control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treatment part received biofield treatment.
This study examined the dimerization of the mithramycin analogue MTMSK at physiological salt concentrations through fluorescence spectroscopy titrations. Mithramycin and its analogues are natural products that bind DNA and have shown promise in treating various cancers. The purpose was to determine if an MTMSK dimer forms when complexed with Mg2+ ions at physiological concentrations. Titrations of varying MTMSK concentrations with increasing MgCl2 concentrations showed fluorescence quenching, indicating a shift from monomer to dimer formation. Analysis using a cooperative binding model supported the hypothesis that an MTMSK dimer forms at physiological salt levels. This information helps understand how these drugs work and could aid in developing more effective analogues for cancer
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated BS and PP samples were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PSA results showed increase in particle size (d50 and d99) of both treated BS and PP as compared to control. Surface area analysis showed minimal decrease by 1.59%, in surface area of treated BS as compared to control. However, the treated PP showed increase (8%) in surface area as compared to control. DSC characterization showed increase in melting temperature of treated BS as compared to control. Whereas, DSC thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in melting temperature with respect to control. Moreover, the DSC of control and treated PP showed presence of exothermic peaks which were possibly due to protein aggregation. The treated PP showed higher exothermic transition temperature as compared to control. XRD analysis revealed slight reduction in crystalline nature of BS as compared to control. On the other hand, XRD data of control and treated PP showed an amorphous nature. TGA analysis of treated BS showed maximum thermaldecomposition temperature at 22°C which was higher as compared to control sample (106°C). This could be due to biofield treatment which may enhance the thermal stability of treated BS with respect to control. However, the TGA thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in maximum thermal stability as compared to control. The overall results showed that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of BS and PP.
49.Antitumour and Radioprotective activity of Alloe veraAnnadurai B
1) The study examined the anti-tumor and radioprotective effects of Aloe vera in mice.
2) In solid tumor models, Aloe vera significantly reduced tumor volume compared to the control group.
3) In radio protective studies, Aloe vera did not significantly affect body weight or hemoglobin levels in irradiated animals but did slightly increase total white blood cell count compared to radiation alone.
Biofield Treatment Impact on 1,2,4-Triazoledeeptimishra10
The biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various pathogenic microbes. Additionally, biofield treatment has substantially altered the medicinal, growth and anatomical properties of ashwagandha.
Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of Beef Ext...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present research work investigated the influence of bio-field treatment on two common flavoring agents used in food industries namely beef extract powder (BEP) and meat infusion powder (MIP)
Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Thermal Proper...wilhelm mendel
In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis. The FTIR results revealed that biofield treatment has caused reduction of amide group (amide-I and amide-II) stretching vibration peak that is associated with strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in treated CEH as compared to control. However, no significant changes were observed in FTIR spectrum of treated CYP. The TGA analysis of treated CEH showed a substantial improvement in thermal stability which was confirmed by increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (217°C) as compared to control (209°C). Similarly, the treated CYP also showed enhanced thermal stability as compared to control. DSC showed increase in melting temperature of treated CYP as compared to control. However the melting peak was absent in DSC of treated CEH which was probably due to rigid chain of the protein. The surface area of treated CEH was increased by 83% as compared to control. However, a decrease (7.3%) in surface area was observed in treated CYP. The particle size analysis of treated CEH showed a significant increase in average particle size (d50) and d99 value (maximum particle size below which 99% of particles are present) as compared to control sample. Similarly, the treated CYP also showed a substantial increase in d50 and d99 values which was probably due to the agglomeration of the particles which led to formation of bigger microparticles. The result showed that the biofield treated CEH and CYP could be used as a matrix for pharmaceutical applications.
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder. Magnesium powder was divided into two parts denoted as control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treatment part received biofield treatment.
This study examined the dimerization of the mithramycin analogue MTMSK at physiological salt concentrations through fluorescence spectroscopy titrations. Mithramycin and its analogues are natural products that bind DNA and have shown promise in treating various cancers. The purpose was to determine if an MTMSK dimer forms when complexed with Mg2+ ions at physiological concentrations. Titrations of varying MTMSK concentrations with increasing MgCl2 concentrations showed fluorescence quenching, indicating a shift from monomer to dimer formation. Analysis using a cooperative binding model supported the hypothesis that an MTMSK dimer forms at physiological salt levels. This information helps understand how these drugs work and could aid in developing more effective analogues for cancer
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated BS and PP samples were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PSA results showed increase in particle size (d50 and d99) of both treated BS and PP as compared to control. Surface area analysis showed minimal decrease by 1.59%, in surface area of treated BS as compared to control. However, the treated PP showed increase (8%) in surface area as compared to control. DSC characterization showed increase in melting temperature of treated BS as compared to control. Whereas, DSC thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in melting temperature with respect to control. Moreover, the DSC of control and treated PP showed presence of exothermic peaks which were possibly due to protein aggregation. The treated PP showed higher exothermic transition temperature as compared to control. XRD analysis revealed slight reduction in crystalline nature of BS as compared to control. On the other hand, XRD data of control and treated PP showed an amorphous nature. TGA analysis of treated BS showed maximum thermaldecomposition temperature at 22°C which was higher as compared to control sample (106°C). This could be due to biofield treatment which may enhance the thermal stability of treated BS with respect to control. However, the TGA thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in maximum thermal stability as compared to control. The overall results showed that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of BS and PP.
49.Antitumour and Radioprotective activity of Alloe veraAnnadurai B
1) The study examined the anti-tumor and radioprotective effects of Aloe vera in mice.
2) In solid tumor models, Aloe vera significantly reduced tumor volume compared to the control group.
3) In radio protective studies, Aloe vera did not significantly affect body weight or hemoglobin levels in irradiated animals but did slightly increase total white blood cell count compared to radiation alone.
Biofield Treatment Impact on 1,2,4-Triazoledeeptimishra10
The biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various pathogenic microbes. Additionally, biofield treatment has substantially altered the medicinal, growth and anatomical properties of ashwagandha.
This study measured the ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity of substituted α-arylidine-γ-phenyl-δ,β,γ-butenolides in ethanol at 300K. From these measurements, acoustic parameters like adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, and intermolecular free length were calculated. The results showed that ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity, and acoustic impedance increased with concentration, while adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length decreased. This indicates strong molecular interactions between the synthesized molecules and the solvent.
Speciation And Physicochemical Studies of Some Biospecific CompoundsIOSR Journals
Abstract: A green, safer , efficient , eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of novel compounds which reveal biological and spermicidal activity. The nature of the pharmacophore decides the physiological reactivity of the compound.
This study investigated the interaction between magnesium (Mg) and buspirone, a serotonin receptor partial agonist, in producing anxiolytic effects in mice. Mg administered alone at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, as well as buspirone alone at 5 mg/kg, increased time spent and entries into open arms of an elevated plus maze, indicating anxiolytic effects. However, when buspirone was coadministered with Mg (50 mg/kg), it reduced the anxiolytic effect of Mg alone. This suggests Mg's anxiolytic effects may be partly mediated by interaction with serotonin receptors, as buspirone's antagonism of these receptors inhibited Mg's effect
Acoustic Parameters of acetic acid in benzene at 3 MHz.theijes
In present study, Ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) for binary liquid mixtures of acetic acid with benzene have been measured at 3 MHz ultrasonic frequency at 303K. From this data, acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (βad), acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA) and intermolecular free length (Lf) are calculated. The result is interpreted as per molecular interaction between the mixtures.
The document investigates how catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and methanol/oil molar ratio affect the yield of soybean oil transesterification assisted by ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation. The optimal levels were found to be 1.0 wt% catalyst, 333 K temperature, and a 6:1 molar ratio, achieving a 97.49% yield. Statistical analysis confirmed all three factors significantly impacted the yield.
Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in ligament growth and maintenance, but the optimal stimulation parameters were previously unknown. This study used engineered ligament constructs from human donors to identify stretching parameters that maximize collagen production, as measured by ERK phosphorylation. A statistical model found that stretching at 0.9 Hz, 3% strain, 17%/s rate, and 5 minutes duration optimized ERK phosphorylation. This combination was validated in a second group of constructs. However, response varied between donors, and constructs from clots versus ligaments of one donor differed, highlighting the importance of cell source for engineered tissue phenotype. More research is needed to validate the model across diverse cell populations.
This document describes using computational methods to identify potential drug candidates that can inhibit breast cancer metastatic beta arrestin 2 (ARRB2). Ensemble-based virtual screening and pharmacophore modeling were used to screen drug molecules from the DrugBank database and identify top candidates. The 15 molecules with best binding were further analyzed with molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest two molecules as the best ARRB2 inhibitor candidates based on their binding affinity and stability in simulations. The study provides a framework for discovering novel ARRB2 inhibitors using integrated computational approaches.
RESVERATROL DERIVATIVES WITH INCREASED BIOAVAILABILITYGanesan Venkatesan
This document describes an in silico screening project to identify resveratrol derivatives with increased bioavailability and binding affinity to the SIRT-1 protein. The objectives are to screen derivatives of resveratrol, a natural compound found in grapes and red wine, using molecular docking simulations to find derivatives with stronger binding to SIRT-1, a protein involved in longevity pathways, and improved absorption and bioavailability compared to resveratrol. The methodology involves using online databases and molecular modeling software to identify potential derivatives, evaluate their drug-like properties, and model their binding to SIRT-1.
Combined application of sub-toxic level of silver nanoparticles with low powe...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
Electromagnetic radiations which have lethal effects on the living cells are currently also considered as a disinfective physical agent.
Materials and Methods:
In this investigation, silver nanoparticles were applied to enhance the lethal action of low powers (100 and 180 W) of 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation especially against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Silver nanoparticles were biologically prepared and used for next experiments. Sterile normal saline solution was prepared and supplemented by silver nanoparticles to reach the sub-inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Such diluted silver colloid as well as free-silver nanoparticles solution was inoculated along with test microorganisms, particularly E. coli. These suspensions were separately treated by 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for different time intervals in a microwave oven operated at low powers (100 W and 180 W). The viable counts of bacteria before and after each radiation time were determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) method.
Results:
Results showed that the addition of silver nanoparticles significantly decreased the required radiation time to kill vegetative forms of microorganisms. However, these nanoparticles had no combined effect with low power electromagnetic radiation when used against Bacillus subtilis spores.
Conclusion:
The cumulative effect of silver nanoparticles and low powers electromagnetic radiation may be useful in medical centers to reduce contamination in polluted derange and liquid wastes materials and some devices.
Keywords
Electromagnetic Radiation; Silver nanoparticles; disinfection process
36.Effect of juvenile hormone on enhanced silk production in Bombyx moriAnnadurai B
The document summarizes research on the effect of juvenile hormone on silk production in Bombyx mori (silkworm). It screened 24 juvenile hormone mimic compounds applied to silkworms at different time periods and concentrations. Several compounds were found to improve economic traits like cocoon weight and shell weight. Specifically, compounds NL-13 and NL-24 increased cocoon weight by 13.22% and shell weight by 23.70% when applied at 5 ppm 48 hours into the 5th instar. Compounds BK and BPE also improved traits like larval weight, cocoon weight, and shell weight up to 22% when applied at certain concentrations and times. The research aims to identify compounds that can enhance
QSAR studies of some anilinoquinolines for their antitumor activity as EGFR i...IOSR Journals
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship studies has been performed on some anilinoquinolines . A variety of parameters including 2D- autocorelation, RDF, 3D- MoRSE, WHIM and GETAWAY parameters have been chosen for modeling the antitumor activity of these compounds. The multiple regression analysis reveals that the seven –parametric model is the best for modeling the activity of the compounds under present study. This model has been tested by using cross validated parameters. The results are also discussed on the basis of ridge regression.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Spectral Properties of Paracetamol and PiroxicamMahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of paracetamol and piroxicam. The study was performed in two groups (control and treatment) of each drug. The control groups remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment groups.
Policy Implications for Promoting Use of LPG Stove and Improved Biomass Stove...Rajeev Kumar
This document analyzes the costs and benefits of using different cooking stove types (biomass, improved biomass, LPG) in Indian households based on data from the India Human Development Survey. Key findings include:
1. Using improved biomass stoves may not provide health benefits and could increase smoke exposure since they are used longer each day.
2. Costs of illness are higher for improved stove users than biomass stove users, possibly because improved stoves are used longer and expose users to more harmful gases.
3. Costs of illness for traditional biomass and LPG stove users are similar, but the underlying health impacts may differ since traditional users have less access to healthcare.
4
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase...Uzay Emir
Cutting-Edge Advances in Brain Tumor Imaging (2-hydroxyglutarate, IDH mutation Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging) at 3 Tesla (3T) and 7 Tesla (7T)
Noninvasive assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma
2-Hydroxyglutarate as a Magnetic Resonance Biomarker for Glioma
Detection of oncogenic IDH mutations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyglutarate
metabolomic analysis
RSNA
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
FMRIB
Purdue
2-HG IDH1 IDH2 MRS MRSI MRI ultra-high field
CLINICAL ROLE OF MRS QUANTIFICATION OF 2HG IN DIAGNOSIS OF GLIOMAS
Ultra-high-field MRI – Precision Medicine
the clinical application of 7-Tesla imaging
UHF 7T 7Tesla
Semi-LASER, semilaser Slaser
Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Thermal Proper...rachelsalk
In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis. The FTIR results revealed that biofield treatment has caused reduction of amide group (amide-I and amide-II) stretching vibration peak that is associated with strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in treated CEH as compared to control. However, no significant changes were observed in FTIR spectrum of treated CYP. The TGA analysis of treated CEH showed a substantial improvement in thermal stability which was confirmed by increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (217°C) as compared to control (209°C). Similarly, the treated CYP also showed enhanced thermal stability as compared to control. DSC showed increase in melting temperature of treated CYP as compared to control. However the melting peak was absent in DSC of treated CEH which was probably due to rigid chain of the protein. The surface area of treated CEH was increased by 83% as compared to control. However, a decrease (7.3%) in surface area was observed in treated CYP. The particle size analysis of treated CEH showed a significant increase in average particle size (d50) and d99 value (maximum particle size below which 99% of particles are present) as compared to control sample. Similarly, the treated CYP also showed a substantial increase in d50 and d99 values which was probably due to the agglomeration of the particles which led to formation of bigger microparticles. The result showed that the biofield treated CEH and CYP could be used as a matrix for pharmaceutical applications.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Tre...john henrry
Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis.to read more visit http://www.academicroom.com/article/evaluation-impact-biofield-treatment-physical-and-thermal-properties-casein-enzyme-hydrolysate-and-casein-yeas-t-peptone
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Tre...Abby Keif
http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/54/ - Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...albertdivis
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP.
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and MentholMahendra Kumar Trivedi
This document reports on a study that investigated the impact of biofield energy treatment on the structural and physical properties of thymol and menthol. Thymol and menthol samples were divided into control and treated groups, with the treated group receiving biofield energy treatment. The control and treated samples were then characterized using XRD, DSC, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. For thymol, XRD analysis of the treated sample showed increased crystallinity and a 50% increase in crystallite size compared to the control. DSC analysis showed decreased enthalpy for both treated compounds compared to controls. FT-IR analysis showed a shift in the -OH stretching vibration peak for treated thymol. For ment
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and Mentholalbertdivis
Thymol and menthol are naturally occurring plant derived compounds, which have excellent pharmaceutical and antimicrobial applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on physical and structural characteristics of thymol and menthol.
Research by Mahendra Trivedi - Biofield Treatment: A Potential Strategy for M...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of indole. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The present study showed that biofield has substantially affected the physical and thermal nature of indole. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/40/ for details.
This study measured the ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity of substituted α-arylidine-γ-phenyl-δ,β,γ-butenolides in ethanol at 300K. From these measurements, acoustic parameters like adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, and intermolecular free length were calculated. The results showed that ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity, and acoustic impedance increased with concentration, while adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length decreased. This indicates strong molecular interactions between the synthesized molecules and the solvent.
Speciation And Physicochemical Studies of Some Biospecific CompoundsIOSR Journals
Abstract: A green, safer , efficient , eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of novel compounds which reveal biological and spermicidal activity. The nature of the pharmacophore decides the physiological reactivity of the compound.
This study investigated the interaction between magnesium (Mg) and buspirone, a serotonin receptor partial agonist, in producing anxiolytic effects in mice. Mg administered alone at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, as well as buspirone alone at 5 mg/kg, increased time spent and entries into open arms of an elevated plus maze, indicating anxiolytic effects. However, when buspirone was coadministered with Mg (50 mg/kg), it reduced the anxiolytic effect of Mg alone. This suggests Mg's anxiolytic effects may be partly mediated by interaction with serotonin receptors, as buspirone's antagonism of these receptors inhibited Mg's effect
Acoustic Parameters of acetic acid in benzene at 3 MHz.theijes
In present study, Ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) for binary liquid mixtures of acetic acid with benzene have been measured at 3 MHz ultrasonic frequency at 303K. From this data, acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (βad), acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA) and intermolecular free length (Lf) are calculated. The result is interpreted as per molecular interaction between the mixtures.
The document investigates how catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and methanol/oil molar ratio affect the yield of soybean oil transesterification assisted by ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation. The optimal levels were found to be 1.0 wt% catalyst, 333 K temperature, and a 6:1 molar ratio, achieving a 97.49% yield. Statistical analysis confirmed all three factors significantly impacted the yield.
Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in ligament growth and maintenance, but the optimal stimulation parameters were previously unknown. This study used engineered ligament constructs from human donors to identify stretching parameters that maximize collagen production, as measured by ERK phosphorylation. A statistical model found that stretching at 0.9 Hz, 3% strain, 17%/s rate, and 5 minutes duration optimized ERK phosphorylation. This combination was validated in a second group of constructs. However, response varied between donors, and constructs from clots versus ligaments of one donor differed, highlighting the importance of cell source for engineered tissue phenotype. More research is needed to validate the model across diverse cell populations.
This document describes using computational methods to identify potential drug candidates that can inhibit breast cancer metastatic beta arrestin 2 (ARRB2). Ensemble-based virtual screening and pharmacophore modeling were used to screen drug molecules from the DrugBank database and identify top candidates. The 15 molecules with best binding were further analyzed with molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest two molecules as the best ARRB2 inhibitor candidates based on their binding affinity and stability in simulations. The study provides a framework for discovering novel ARRB2 inhibitors using integrated computational approaches.
RESVERATROL DERIVATIVES WITH INCREASED BIOAVAILABILITYGanesan Venkatesan
This document describes an in silico screening project to identify resveratrol derivatives with increased bioavailability and binding affinity to the SIRT-1 protein. The objectives are to screen derivatives of resveratrol, a natural compound found in grapes and red wine, using molecular docking simulations to find derivatives with stronger binding to SIRT-1, a protein involved in longevity pathways, and improved absorption and bioavailability compared to resveratrol. The methodology involves using online databases and molecular modeling software to identify potential derivatives, evaluate their drug-like properties, and model their binding to SIRT-1.
Combined application of sub-toxic level of silver nanoparticles with low powe...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
Electromagnetic radiations which have lethal effects on the living cells are currently also considered as a disinfective physical agent.
Materials and Methods:
In this investigation, silver nanoparticles were applied to enhance the lethal action of low powers (100 and 180 W) of 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation especially against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Silver nanoparticles were biologically prepared and used for next experiments. Sterile normal saline solution was prepared and supplemented by silver nanoparticles to reach the sub-inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Such diluted silver colloid as well as free-silver nanoparticles solution was inoculated along with test microorganisms, particularly E. coli. These suspensions were separately treated by 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for different time intervals in a microwave oven operated at low powers (100 W and 180 W). The viable counts of bacteria before and after each radiation time were determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) method.
Results:
Results showed that the addition of silver nanoparticles significantly decreased the required radiation time to kill vegetative forms of microorganisms. However, these nanoparticles had no combined effect with low power electromagnetic radiation when used against Bacillus subtilis spores.
Conclusion:
The cumulative effect of silver nanoparticles and low powers electromagnetic radiation may be useful in medical centers to reduce contamination in polluted derange and liquid wastes materials and some devices.
Keywords
Electromagnetic Radiation; Silver nanoparticles; disinfection process
36.Effect of juvenile hormone on enhanced silk production in Bombyx moriAnnadurai B
The document summarizes research on the effect of juvenile hormone on silk production in Bombyx mori (silkworm). It screened 24 juvenile hormone mimic compounds applied to silkworms at different time periods and concentrations. Several compounds were found to improve economic traits like cocoon weight and shell weight. Specifically, compounds NL-13 and NL-24 increased cocoon weight by 13.22% and shell weight by 23.70% when applied at 5 ppm 48 hours into the 5th instar. Compounds BK and BPE also improved traits like larval weight, cocoon weight, and shell weight up to 22% when applied at certain concentrations and times. The research aims to identify compounds that can enhance
QSAR studies of some anilinoquinolines for their antitumor activity as EGFR i...IOSR Journals
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship studies has been performed on some anilinoquinolines . A variety of parameters including 2D- autocorelation, RDF, 3D- MoRSE, WHIM and GETAWAY parameters have been chosen for modeling the antitumor activity of these compounds. The multiple regression analysis reveals that the seven –parametric model is the best for modeling the activity of the compounds under present study. This model has been tested by using cross validated parameters. The results are also discussed on the basis of ridge regression.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Spectral Properties of Paracetamol and PiroxicamMahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of paracetamol and piroxicam. The study was performed in two groups (control and treatment) of each drug. The control groups remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment groups.
Policy Implications for Promoting Use of LPG Stove and Improved Biomass Stove...Rajeev Kumar
This document analyzes the costs and benefits of using different cooking stove types (biomass, improved biomass, LPG) in Indian households based on data from the India Human Development Survey. Key findings include:
1. Using improved biomass stoves may not provide health benefits and could increase smoke exposure since they are used longer each day.
2. Costs of illness are higher for improved stove users than biomass stove users, possibly because improved stoves are used longer and expose users to more harmful gases.
3. Costs of illness for traditional biomass and LPG stove users are similar, but the underlying health impacts may differ since traditional users have less access to healthcare.
4
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase...Uzay Emir
Cutting-Edge Advances in Brain Tumor Imaging (2-hydroxyglutarate, IDH mutation Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging) at 3 Tesla (3T) and 7 Tesla (7T)
Noninvasive assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma
2-Hydroxyglutarate as a Magnetic Resonance Biomarker for Glioma
Detection of oncogenic IDH mutations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyglutarate
metabolomic analysis
RSNA
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
FMRIB
Purdue
2-HG IDH1 IDH2 MRS MRSI MRI ultra-high field
CLINICAL ROLE OF MRS QUANTIFICATION OF 2HG IN DIAGNOSIS OF GLIOMAS
Ultra-high-field MRI – Precision Medicine
the clinical application of 7-Tesla imaging
UHF 7T 7Tesla
Semi-LASER, semilaser Slaser
Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Thermal Proper...rachelsalk
In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis. The FTIR results revealed that biofield treatment has caused reduction of amide group (amide-I and amide-II) stretching vibration peak that is associated with strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in treated CEH as compared to control. However, no significant changes were observed in FTIR spectrum of treated CYP. The TGA analysis of treated CEH showed a substantial improvement in thermal stability which was confirmed by increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (217°C) as compared to control (209°C). Similarly, the treated CYP also showed enhanced thermal stability as compared to control. DSC showed increase in melting temperature of treated CYP as compared to control. However the melting peak was absent in DSC of treated CEH which was probably due to rigid chain of the protein. The surface area of treated CEH was increased by 83% as compared to control. However, a decrease (7.3%) in surface area was observed in treated CYP. The particle size analysis of treated CEH showed a significant increase in average particle size (d50) and d99 value (maximum particle size below which 99% of particles are present) as compared to control sample. Similarly, the treated CYP also showed a substantial increase in d50 and d99 values which was probably due to the agglomeration of the particles which led to formation of bigger microparticles. The result showed that the biofield treated CEH and CYP could be used as a matrix for pharmaceutical applications.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Tre...john henrry
Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis.to read more visit http://www.academicroom.com/article/evaluation-impact-biofield-treatment-physical-and-thermal-properties-casein-enzyme-hydrolysate-and-casein-yeas-t-peptone
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Tre...Abby Keif
http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/54/ - Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...albertdivis
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP.
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and MentholMahendra Kumar Trivedi
This document reports on a study that investigated the impact of biofield energy treatment on the structural and physical properties of thymol and menthol. Thymol and menthol samples were divided into control and treated groups, with the treated group receiving biofield energy treatment. The control and treated samples were then characterized using XRD, DSC, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. For thymol, XRD analysis of the treated sample showed increased crystallinity and a 50% increase in crystallite size compared to the control. DSC analysis showed decreased enthalpy for both treated compounds compared to controls. FT-IR analysis showed a shift in the -OH stretching vibration peak for treated thymol. For ment
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and Mentholalbertdivis
Thymol and menthol are naturally occurring plant derived compounds, which have excellent pharmaceutical and antimicrobial applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on physical and structural characteristics of thymol and menthol.
Research by Mahendra Trivedi - Biofield Treatment: A Potential Strategy for M...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of indole. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The present study showed that biofield has substantially affected the physical and thermal nature of indole. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/40/ for details.
Resorcinol is widely used in manufacturing of several drugs and pharmaceutical products that are mainly used
for topical ailments. The main objective of this study is to use an alternative strategy i.e., biofield treatment to alter
the physical, spectral and thermal properties of resorcinol.
Biofield Treatment: A Potential Strategy for Modification of Physical and The...albertdivis
Indole compounds are important class of therapeutic molecules, which have excellent pharmaceutical applications. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of indole.
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated...rachelsalk
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment. Afterward, both the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the increase in unit cell volume from 683.81 → 690.18 × 10-24 cm3 and crystallite size from 83.84→84.62 nm in the treated sample with respect to the control. The surface area analysis exhibited the significant increase (25.44%) in the surface area of treated sample as compared to control. The DSC thermogram of control p-anisidine showed the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature and 146.78 J/g and 59.41°C, respectively, which were slightly increased to 148.89 J/g and 59.49°C, respectively after biofield treatment. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 134.68°C in the control sample that was increased to 150.02°C after biofield treatment. The result showed about 11.39% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. Moreover, the Tmax (temperature at which maximum thermal degradation occurs) was also increased slightly from 165.99°C (control) to 168.10°C (treated). This indicated the high thermal stability of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any significant changes in the spectral properties of treated p-anisidine with respect to the control.
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated...wilhelm mendel
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment. Afterward, both the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the increase in unit cell volume from 683.81 → 690.18 × 10-24 cm3 and crystallite size from 83.84→84.62 nm in the treated sample with respect to the control. The surface area analysis exhibited the significant increase (25.44%) in the surface area of treated sample as compared to control. The DSC thermogram of control p-anisidine showed the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature and 146.78 J/g and 59.41°C, respectively, which were slightly increased to 148.89 J/g and 59.49°C, respectively after biofield treatment. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 134.68°C in the control sample that was increased to 150.02°C after biofield treatment. The result showed about 11.39% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. Moreover, the Tmax (temperature at which maximum thermal degradation occurs) was also increased slightly from 165.99°C (control) to 168.10°C (treated). This indicated the high thermal stability of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any significant changes in the spectral properties of treated p-anisidine with respect to the control.
Evaluation of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Trea...rachelsalk
P-Hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) is an aromatic ketone derivative that is mainly used in the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, etc. In the present study, the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was analysed on various properties of PHAP viz. crystallite size, surface area, melting temperature, thermal decomposition, and spectral properties. The PHAP sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as control sample while another part was named as treated sample. The treated sample was given the biofield energy treatment and various parameters were analysed as compared to the control sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultravioletvisible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed the decrease in crystallite size of the treated sample (61.25 nm) as compared to the control (84.18 nm); however the intensity of peaks in diffractogram was increased in treated sample. Besides, the surface area of treated sample was decreased by 41.17% as compared to the control. The TGA analysis revealed that onset temperature as well as Tmax (maximum thermal decomposition temperature) was increased in the treated sample. However, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was decreased from 124.56 J/g (control) to 103.24 J/g in the treated sample. The treated and control samples were also evaluated by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and did not show any significant alteration in spectra of treated sample as compared to the respective control. Hence, the overall results suggest that there was an impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of PHAP sample.
Evaluation of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Trea...wilhelm mendel
P-Hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) is an aromatic ketone derivative that is mainly used in the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, etc. In the present study, the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was analysed on various properties of PHAP viz. crystallite size, surface area, melting temperature, thermal decomposition, and spectral properties. The PHAP sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as control sample while another part was named as treated sample. The treated sample was given the biofield energy treatment and various parameters were analysed as compared to the control sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultravioletvisible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed the decrease in crystallite size of the treated sample (61.25 nm) as compared to the control (84.18 nm); however the intensity of peaks in diffractogram was increased in treated sample. Besides, the surface area of treated sample was decreased by 41.17% as compared to the control. The TGA analysis revealed that onset temperature as well as Tmax (maximum thermal decomposition temperature) was increased in the treated sample. However, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was decreased from 124.56 J/g (control) to 103.24 J/g in the treated sample. The treated and control samples were also evaluated by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and did not show any significant alteration in spectra of treated sample as compared to the respective control. Hence, the overall results suggest that there was an impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of PHAP sample.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Char...john henrry
Research on Trivedi Effect - The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of Biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of MTA. MTA sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s Biofield treatment.to read nmore visit http://www.academicroom.com/article/physical-thermal-and-spectroscopic-characterization-m-toluic-acid-impact-biofield-treatment-0
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...albertdivis
The Aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on two imidazole derivatives (i.e., imidazole and 2-methylimidazole) by various analytical methods.
Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene | Omicsonlinedeeptimishra10
The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene.
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichloroben...albertdivis
This research article studied the effects of biofield treatment on para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB). p-DCB is widely used as a chemical intermediate but has some limitations. X-ray diffraction analysis found an increase in crystallite size of the treated sample compared to the control. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a reduction in the latent heat of fusion and melting point of the treated p-DCB. Thermogravimetric analysis found an increase in the maximum weight loss temperature of the treated sample, indicating increased thermal stability. However, UV-visible spectroscopy found no changes in the structural properties of the treated p-DCB. Overall, the study found that biofield treatment
Antibiogram Typing and Biochemical Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ...albertdivis
The Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on four MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of K. pneumoniae (LS 2, LS 6, LS 7, and LS 14).
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Tre...albertdivis
The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole.
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2. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 2 of 8
exposure caused an increase in growth and anatomical characteristics
of an herb Pogostemon cablin that is commonly used in perfumes, in
incense/insect repellents, and alternative medicine [24]. Moreover, in
microbiology, bio-field treatment has also changed the antibiotic
susceptibility patterns as well as produced biochemical reactions that
induced changes in the characteristics of pathogenic microbes [25-27].
Having inspired by these excellent results, in present study, an
attempt was made to investigate the physicochemical properties of BEP
and MIP that were exposed to the said Bio-field. The bio-field treated
powders were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DSC, TGA,
CHNSO, and particle sizeanalysis.
Experimental
Materials andmethods
The BEP and MIP were procured from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt
Ltd, India. The samples were grouped into two parts; one was kept as
a control sample, while the remaining part was subjected to Mr.
Trivedi’s bio-field treatment and coded as treated sample. After that,
all the samples (control and treated) were characterized with respect
to FT-IR, CHNSO, XRD, particle size analysis, surface area analysis,
DSC, and TGA.
Characterization
Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy: The infrared
spectra of BEP and MIP were recorded with FT-IR spectrometer
(Perkin Elmer, USA). IR spectrum was recorded in the range of 4000
to 500cm-1.
CHNSO analysis: The BEP and MIP were analyzed for their
elemental composition (C,H,N,S, and O). The powdered samples were
subjected to CHNSO Analyzer using Model Flash EA 1112 Series,
Thermo Finnigan Italy.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) study: XRD of BEP and MIP were
analyzed using Phillips Holland PW 1710 X-ray diffractometer system.
The wavelength of the radiation was 1.54056 angstrom. The data was
obtained in the form of 2θ versus intensity (a.u) chart. The obtained
data was used for calculation of crystallite size using the following
formula.
Crystallite size= kλ/b Cosθ
Where, λ is the wavelength and k is the equipment constant (0.94).
Particle size analysis: The average particle size and particle size
distribution were analyzed using Sympetac Helos-BF Laser Particle
Size Analyzer with a detection range of 0.1 µm to 875µm. Average
particle size d50 and size exhibited by 99% (d99) of powder particles were
computed from laser diffraction data table. The d50 and d99 value were
calculated using followingformula.
Percentage change in d50 size=100 × (d50 treated- d50 control)/ d50
control.
Percentage change in d99 size=100 × (d99 treated- d99 control)/ d99
control.
Surface area analysis: The surface area of BEP and MIP were
characterized using Surface Area Analyzer, SMART SORB 90 BET
(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), which had a detection range of 0.1-100
m2/g.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study: The BEP and
MIP were used for DSC study. The samples were analyzed using a
Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer DSC on a heating rate of 10ºC/min under oxygen
atmosphere.
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA): Thermal stability of the BEP
and MIP were analyzed using Metller Toledo simultaneous TGA. The
samples were heated from room temperature to 400ºC with a heating
rate of 5ºC/min under oxygenatmosphere.
Results andDiscussion
FT-IRspectroscopy
The FT-IR spectrum of control and bio-field treated samples are
illustrated in Figure 1. The IR spectrum of control and BEP showed
(Figure 1) prominent vibration bands at 1760 cm-1 (-C=O) and 1151
cm-1 (-C-O) due to presence of triglycerides peak stretching in the
sample. Other important peaks were observed at 2895 and 2817 cm-1
which can be attributed to C-H stretching vibration peaks. The
spectrum showed peaks at 1635 and 1587 cm-1 attributed to presence of
characteristic protein bands such as amide-I and amide -II stretching
vibration peaks [28-31]. Another peak was observed at 3078 to 3780.2
cm-1
attributed to -OH stretching vibration peak. The treated sample
showed considerable change in FT-IR spectrum (Figure 1). We
observed that the presence of triglycerides peak of -C=O (1760 cm-1)
and C-O (1151cm-1) was disappeared in the treated BEP. The result
showed that the bio-field treatment, probably removed the fatty
triglycerides components from the treated BEP. Additionally, it was
also observed that the characteristic –OH/-NH stretching vibration
peaks were reduced to lower wavenumbers 3064 cm-1,which indicated
the formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the
treated sample [32,33]. These results suggest that bio-field treatment
has induced structural changes in the treated sample.
The FT-IR spectrum of control and treated MIP are presented in
Figure 2. The FT-IR of control powder showed (Figure 2) important
peaks at 1689 and 1589 cm-1
due to amide-I and amide-II stretching
vibration peaks, respectively. Other important peaks were observed at
1760 and 1157cm-1 for C=O and C-O group, respectively due to
triglycerides. However, these two peaks were completely disappeared
in treated MIP (Figure 2) which indicated that bio-field treatment
affected chemical changes in the treated sample.
Figure 1: FTIR spectrum of control and treated beef extract powder.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
3. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 3 of 8
CHNSO analysis
Table 1 shows the results of CHNSO analysis of BEP and MIP.
The treated BEP showed substantial changes in terms of elemental
composition of the treated sample. The treated BEP showed 5.05%
increase in nitrogen as compared to control. The oxygen percentage
was increased by 3.82% in the treated BEP as compared to control. The
carbon percentage was also improved by 2.09% as compared to control
sample. Moreover, the treated BEP showed the presence of sulphur
element; however no trace of sulphur was found in control sample.
The presence of sulphur might play a crucial role in preserving the
comminuted meat products [34]. This data showed that the bio-field
treatment led to change the elemental composition in BEP.
Whereas the treated MIP showed small percentage change in
nitrogen (0.77%) as compared to control powder. However, carbon and
hydrogen percentage was decreased by 1.22% and 7.13%, respectively
in the treated sample as compared to control. It was observed that there
was a significant change in oxygen percentage in treated MIP (24.48%)
as compared to control sample. The treated MIP showed some trace
of sulphur (0.27%) though no sulphur was found in control sample.
All together, the CHNSO results confirmed that bio-field treatment
significantly changed the elemental percentage in treated samples.
X-ray diffraction studies
The XRD diffractogram of control and treated BEP sample are
illustrated in Figure 3, where, a and b represented to control and
treated sample respectively. The XRD showed the amorphous nature of
the control sample (Figure 3a) with a broad halo at 2θ equals to 20.0°.
The XRD of treated BEP did not reveal (Figure 3b) any differences in
X-ray pattern of the sample. The treated samples also showed the broad
amorphous nature which was probably due to less ordered atomic
arrangement in the sample. The X-ray diffractogram of control and
treated MIP are presented in Figures 4a and 4b. The Figure 4a showed
a broad amorphous peak at 2θ equals to 22° and Figure 4b showed
similar XRD pattern with no change in peak position. Amorphous
materials due to random or irregular arrangement in atoms show
broad and diffused peaks[35].
Particle size and surface areaanalysis
The particle size analysis was carried out on BEP and MIP. The
percentage of average particle size (d50) and (d99) were computed and
results are presented in Figure 5. The control BEP showed d50 value
11.75 μm and d99 value of 85.39 μm respectively. After treatment d50
value was increased to 12.42 μm and d99 value was increased to 99.1
μm. The percentage change in d50 value and d99 value of the treated
BEP was increased by 5.7% and 16.1%, respectively as compared to
control sample (Figure 5). This showed that bio-field treatment led to
an increase in particle size of the treated samples. It is postulated that
the agglomeration of treated BEP may be due to bio-field treatment
which causes joining of particle boundaries and hence increase in
particlesize.
Contrarily, in case of MIP the d50 and d99 values were decreased by
0.4% and 18.1% (Figure 6). Here we assume that the treated powder
particles received high bio-field energy which led to deformation of the
particle boundaries, and hence it caused a reduction in particle size.
The surface area was analyzed by BET analysis and results are
presented in Table 2. The treated BEP showed substantial increase in
surface area (1.291 m2/g) as compared to control powder (1.027 m2/g).
This was contrary to our particle size results.The surface area of treated
Figure 2: FTIR spectrum of control and treated meat infusionpowder.
Figure 3a: XRD diffractogram of control beef extract powder.
Figure 3b: XRD diffractogram of treated beef extract powder.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
4. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 4 of 8
MIP (0.625 m2/g) was also increased as compared to control powder
(0.488 m2/g). The percentage changes in surface area of the samples
(BEP and MIP) were 25.7% and 28% respectively. This was probably
due to the fact that, the decreased particle size in MIP caused an
increase in surface area. The surface area and particle size changes are
usually opposite to each other i.e., smaller the particles size, larger the
surface area and vice versa [36-38]. Hence the more surface area could
have been exposed to solvents thereby causing increasedsolubility.
Differential scanning calorimetry study
DSC is an excellent technique to investigate the glass transition,
melting temperature and change in heat capacity of different materials.
DSC thermogram of control and treated BEP are presented in Figures
7a and 7b, respectively. The DSC thermogram of control sample
(Figure 7a) showed a broad endothermic inflexion at 124.61°C, which
was due to melting temperature of the control sample. However, the
treated BEP sample showed an elevation in melting temperature as
compared to control. DSC thermogram of treated powder showed
(Figure 7b) a broad endothermic peak at 192°C. This sharp increase in
melting temperature was probably due to the higher absorption of bio-
field in the treated sample. Hence, the treated BEP need more external
thermal energy in order to melt the sample which increased its melting
temperature as compared tocontrol.
The DSC thermo gram of both control and treated MIP are
presented in Figures 8a and 8b. The DSC thermogram of control MIP
Figure 4a: XRD diffractogram of control meat infusion powder.
Figure 4b: XRD diffractogram of treated meat infusion powder.
Figure 5: Particle size results (d50 and d99) of beef extract powder and meat
infusionpowder.
Figure 6: Percentage change in particle size (d50 and d99) of beef extracts
powder and meat infusion powder.
Figure 7a: DSC thermogram of control beef extract powder.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
5. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 5 of 8
showed (Figure 8a) a sharp endothermic inflexion at 131.67°C, which
was responsible for its melting temperature. Contrarily, the bio-field
treated sample showed (Figure 8b) a broad endothermic inflexion at
182°C which was due to melting temperature of the sample. This
confirmed that bio-field treatment enhanced the melting temperature
of the treated MIP. This was probably due to increased internal energy
that was caused due to Bio-field, which subsequently needed more
external energy in order to disturb the material chains.
The increased melting temperature could be correlated to higher
thermal stability of the treated BEP and MIP. It can be hypothesized
that bio-field has acted as a crosslinker for the collagen present in meat
products (BEP and MIP) which probably restricted the molecular
mobility that resulted in enhanced thermal denaturation and stability
[39,40]. Moreover, the specific heat capacity of the control and treated
samples were computed from DSC data and results are presented in
Table 3. The specific heat capacity was found to be decreased
proportionally in both the samples (83.92% and 3.84%). It was assumed
that the treated samples (BEP and MIP) were present in corresponding
high energystate.
Thermalstability
TGA thermo gram of control and treated BEP are illustrated in
Figures 9a and 9b. The thermograms of control powder showed
(Figure 9a) one step thermal degradation pattern. The control sample
started to degrade at 188°C and degradation was terminated at 235°C.
Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) thermogram of the control
powder showed the maximum thermal decomposition temperature at
206°C. Similarly, the treated BEP also displayed (Figure 9b) one step
thermal degradation pattern. The treated sample started to decompose
at 180oC and decomposition step was terminated at 250°C. However,
significant increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature
(218°C) was observed in the treated sample, which could be correlated
with its higher thermalstability.
Figures 10a and 10b shows the TGA thermogram of control and
bio-field treated MIP. TGAthermogram of control MIP showed (Figure
10a) single step decomposition pattern. The sample started to degrade
at 165°C and decomposition was stopped at 250oC. The sample showed
maximum thermal decomposition temperature at 209°C contrarily the
treated MIP showed (Figure 10b) no DTG peak for maximum thermal
decomposition temperature. Based on These results, we assume that
the bio-field treatment has induced significant thermal changes in both
BEP and MIP. The TGA results were also well supported by the DSC
data.
The FT-IR data showed a complete disappearance of triglyceride
(C=O and C-O) peak in the treated BEP and MIP as compared to
control sample. It was shown previously that elevated level of
triglycerides could cause serious health concerns such as obesity,
hypertension, and high blood glucose levels. More consumption of red
meat such as beef could increase the triglyceride level in the humans
that further increases health problems. Hence, present work describes
that bio-field treatment could be used as possible strategy to remove
excess triglycerides. Moreover, it was recently shown that reduced level
of triglyceride might improve the aroma and quality of cooked meat.
Hence, we assume that bio-field treatment could improve the health
and quality of beef and meat products.
Conclusion
This research study was an attempt to improve the physicochemical
properties of BEP and MIP using bio-field treatment. FT-IR data
showed that bio-field treatment has changed characteristics of treated
powders at the structural level. DSC study corroborated increase in
Figure 7b: DSC thermogram of treated beef extracts powder.
Figure 8a: DSC thermogram of control meat infusion powder.
Figure 8b: DSC thermogram of treated meat infusion powder.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
6. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 6 of 8
Figure 9a: TGA thermogram of control beef extract powder.
Figure 9b: TGA thermogram of treated beef extract powder.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
7. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 7 of 8
Figure 10a: TGA thermogram of control meat infusionpowder.
Figure 10b: TGA thermogram of treated meat infusionpowder.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
8. Citation: Mahendra KT, Gopal N, Shrikant P, Rama MT, Snehasis J, et al. (2015) Bio-field Treatment: An Effective Strategy to Improve the Quality of
Beef Extract and Meat Infusion Powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000389
Page 8 of 8
melting temperature in BEP and MIP of treated powders as compared
to control. However, decrease in specific heat capacity (∆H) was
observed in treated samples (BEP and MIP) as compared to control.
It is postulated that no extra energy or heat was required in order to
raise the powder temperature as the treated samples were already in
high energy state due to bio-field treatment. The increased melting
temperature and maximum thermal decomposition temperature of
treated samples showed the higher thermal stability. Based on the
results achieved, we conclude that, the removal of triglycerides could
lead to an improvement in the aroma and food quality of beef extract
andmeat infusion powder.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank all the laboratory staff of MGV Pharmacy
College, Nashik for their assistance during the various instrument characterizations.
We thank Dr. Cheng Dong of NLSC, institute of physics, and Chinese academy of
sciences for permitting us to use Powder X software for analyzing XRD results.
J Nutr Food Sci, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9600 Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000389
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