- The American period of colonialization in the Philippines lasted from 1898 to 1946, beginning with the U.S. acquisition of the Philippines from Spain after the Spanish-American War and ending with recognition of Philippine independence. - During this period, Filipino authors wrote in various genres like newspapers, plays, poems, and novels to express their nationalism and longing for independence. Their works often faced threats from the American regime. - Notable authors included Sergio Osmeña, Pascual Poblete, Aurelio Tolentino, Juan Abad, Severino Reyes, Cecilio Apostol, and Fernando Ma. Guerrero. Their works promoted nationalism and criticized American rule.

1. American
period

2. • American settlement in the Philippines
began during the Spanish colonial period.
• The period of American colonialization of
the Philippines was 48 years.
• It began with the cession of the Philippines
to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 and lasted
until the U.S. recognition of Philippine
independence in 1946.
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3. • The United States invaded the
Philippines, which was then governed by
Spain as the Spanish East Indies, during the
Spanish–American War.
• America then held the Philippines until
granting full independence on July 4,
1946.
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4. April 1898,
U.S. declared war when the
Philippines was still a colony of the
Spanish East Indies.
December 10, 1898.
Signing of the Treaty of Paris.
Spain ceded the Philippines to
the United States.
June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo
proclaimed the independence of
the Philippines at his house in
Cavite El Viejo.
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5. The Philippine Literature in
English language
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6. ✣ Although the Filipinos were defeated in the Philippine-
American War, or Philippine Insurrection as termed by the
Americans, they kept the flame of nationalism burning as
ever.
✣ Seeking to find a better solution other than violent means,
they resorted back to the pen. Peace movements started as
early as 1900 and many Filipinos started writing again
“after the sword was broken.”
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The Philippine Literature in
English language

7. ✣ They wrote all forms of literature like news, poetry, stories,
plays essays, novels which clearly depicted their love of
country and longing for independence.
✣ Hence, the spirit of nationalism of the people remained
undaunted.
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The Philippine Literature in
English language

8. Notable Filipino Authors and
their Works
✣ The forms of literature that emerged
during the American Regime are
news, reporting, poetry, stories,
plays, essays, and novels, which talk
about nationalism. Because of this
movement, the Filipino authors’ lives
and writings were often threatened.
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9. Notable Filipino Authors and
their Works
✣ The following are the writers of the newspapers that are
against Americans:
1. Sergio Osmeña - EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day) in 1900.
2. Pascual Poblete - EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the
Nation) written during 1900.
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10. Notable Filipino Authors and
their Works
✣ The following are the authors of the play that displays
nationalistic theme:
1. Aurelio Tolentino - KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS
(Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow).
2. Juan Abad - TANIKALANG GINTO
3. Severino Reyes - WALANG SUGAT
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11. Notable Filipino Authors and
their Works
✣ The composers of the poem that emerged during the
American period:
✣ Cecilio Apostol - He wrote poems dedicated to Philippine
heroes, including Rizal, Jacinto, and Mabini.
✣ Fernando Ma. Guerrero - He made a book called
“CRISALIDAS,” which collects his best poems, including
those for Jose Rizal.
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12. Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified
three kinds of Tagalog poets:
1. Lope K. Santos, Iñigo Ed. Regalado, Carlos Gatmaitan, Pedro
Deogracias del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V.
Hernandez, Nemecio Carabana, and Mar Antonio as POET
OF THE HEART (Makatang Puso).
2. Lope K Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes,
Patricio Mariano, Carlos Garmaitan, and Amado V.
Hernandez as POETS OF LIFE (Makata ng Buhay).
3. Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and
Tomas Remigio as POETS OF THE STAGE (Makata ng
Tanghalan). 12

13. The following are Local Writers
during American Regime:
I. Ilocano Writers
1. Pedro Bukaneg - He is known as a Father of Ilocano
Literature.
2. Claro Caluya - Ilocano poet and novelist.
3. Leon Pichay- A poet, novelist, short story writer, dramatist
and essayist.
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14. ✣
II. Kapampangan Writers
✣ 1. Juan Crisostomo Soto - The Father of Kapampangan
Literature.
✣ 2. Aurelio Tolentino - He translated KAHAPON, NGAYON
AT BUKAS into Kapampangan which he
called NAPON, NGENI AT BUKAS.
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The following are Local Writers
during American Regime:

15. ✣ III. Visayan Writers
1. Eriberto Gumban - A Father of Visayan Literature. A writer
of zarzuela, moro-moro and a play in Visayan.
2. Magdalena Jalandoni - She is the writer of the novel ANG
MGA TUNUK SAN ISA CA BULACLAC.
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The following are Local Writers
during American Regime: