Alvin Barnes of Jackson Mississippi Presents Alexander Falconbridge Abolitionist.pptx
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Join Alvin Barnes on a captivating journey through the life and legacy of Alexander Falconbridge, a remarkable abolitionist whose tireless efforts reshaped the landscape of the transatlantic slave trade. In this dynamic presentation, Barnes unveils the compelling story of Falconbridge, whose name stands as a beacon of courage and advocacy in the fight against human bondage. Through meticulously curated slides and engaging narration, Barnes delves into the pivotal moments of Falconbridge's life, from his experiences as a surgeon aboard slave ships to his impassioned writings that exposed the atrocities of the trade. With vivid imagery and historical context, attendees will gain insight into Falconbridge's pivotal role in the abolitionist movement of the 18th century. Barnes sheds light on Falconbridge's groundbreaking work, including his influential book "An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa," which provided a firsthand account of the horrors endured by enslaved Africans. Through his relentless advocacy and firsthand testimony, Falconbridge played a vital role in galvanizing public opinion against the inhumanity of the slave trade. Moreover, Barnes explores Falconbridge's contributions beyond the written word, highlighting his active involvement in abolitionist societies and his efforts to mobilize grassroots movements for change. From his courageous testimony before parliamentary inquiries to his collaborations with fellow abolitionists, Falconbridge's legacy is one of unwavering dedication to justice and human dignity. In this presentation, Alvin Barnes invites audiences to reflect on the enduring relevance of Falconbridge's legacy in the ongoing struggle for social justice and equality. Through the lens of Falconbridge's life, attendees will be inspired to confront contemporary issues of exploitation and oppression, recognizing the power of individual action in the pursuit of a more just and equitable world.
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History 1301 7 9-05 1600's slavery ch 3 intro
This document provides an overview of early American history from the 1600s, covering the original 13 colonies. It discusses the founding and key details about Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, Delaware, the Carolinas and other colonies. Important figures mentioned include John Smith, the Pilgrims, Puritans like John Winthrop, Roger Williams, the Dutch presence in New York, religious tolerance in Maryland, and the origins of the colonies.
10 Common Components of a Diversity Plan1. Current Climatea. K.docx
10 Common Components of a Diversity Plan
1. Current Climate
a. Keep a baseline and compare frequently
2. Timeline
a. Training, execution and measurement
3. Advisors
a. Experts (internal and external)
4. Training
a. Initial and ongoing...
i. Beware of Diversity fatigue
5. External Assessments
a. Involve the community
b. Compare against other companies
6. Investment
a. What resources are needed?
i. Financial, people, physical
7. Communication
a. All involved
8. People
a. Value diversity at all levels
9. Accountability
a. What support is needed? Who is accountable?
10. Metrics
a. Ways to measure if diversity plan is working
i. Turnover, employee satisfaction, diversity, profit margin
161
Week Seven: Reason and
Revolution Part II
Perkins−Perkins:
Selections from American
Literature
Olaudah Equiano Author Bio © The McGraw−Hill
Companies, 2007
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
(1745?–1797?)
As a child of eleven, Equiano was captured by slavers. His sister was taken at the
same time, but they were soon separated, and he was to be haunted the rest of his
life by his inability to save her and by his fears about her fate. Born in what is
today Nigeria, he probably spoke the Ibo language and was able to learn several
other African dialects as he traveled westward, passing through the households of
several masters over a six-month period. Finally he arrived on the shore of a large
river, probably the Niger, which took him to a seaport where he was sold to white
slave traders bound for the West Indies.
The young slave served several English and American masters who gave him
Western names, including Gustavus Vassa, the name he used most often and in-
cluded in the title of his book: Equiano’s Travels: The Interesting Narrative of the
Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. Even more important, his
various masters acknowledged his intelligence by training him to read and write
and by teaching him the navigation and business skills he needed to prosper. After
ten years of servitude he earned the money needed to buy his freedom by investing
in cargoes traded by his last master, a Philadelphia Quaker named Robert King.
Equiano’s cosmopolitan experience both as a slave and as a free man took
him to Canada, where he served Captain Pascal, a soldier with General Wolfe dur-
ing the French and Indian War, to the Arctic, where he was icebound on a ship, to
Italy, where he saw an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and to the United States,
where he observed events leading up to the American Revolution. After the war,
he helped focus the energies of a diverse antislavery movement into an organized
force, connected with its British counterpart.
Although he was active in advocating justice for slaves and former slaves in
both countries, Equiano’s cherished dream was to return to Africa and regain title
to his ancestral lands, where he promised to entertain his abolitionist friends with
“luxuriant pineapples and the well flavoured virgin palm wine.” His hopes of .
161Week Seven Reason andRevolution Part IIPerki.docx
161
Week Seven: Reason and
Revolution Part II
Perkins−Perkins:
Selections from American
Literature
Olaudah Equiano Author Bio © The McGraw−Hill
Companies, 2007
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
(1745?–1797?)
As a child of eleven, Equiano was captured by slavers. His sister was taken at the
same time, but they were soon separated, and he was to be haunted the rest of his
life by his inability to save her and by his fears about her fate. Born in what is
today Nigeria, he probably spoke the Ibo language and was able to learn several
other African dialects as he traveled westward, passing through the households of
several masters over a six-month period. Finally he arrived on the shore of a large
river, probably the Niger, which took him to a seaport where he was sold to white
slave traders bound for the West Indies.
The young slave served several English and American masters who gave him
Western names, including Gustavus Vassa, the name he used most often and in-
cluded in the title of his book: Equiano’s Travels: The Interesting Narrative of the
Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. Even more important, his
various masters acknowledged his intelligence by training him to read and write
and by teaching him the navigation and business skills he needed to prosper. After
ten years of servitude he earned the money needed to buy his freedom by investing
in cargoes traded by his last master, a Philadelphia Quaker named Robert King.
Equiano’s cosmopolitan experience both as a slave and as a free man took
him to Canada, where he served Captain Pascal, a soldier with General Wolfe dur-
ing the French and Indian War, to the Arctic, where he was icebound on a ship, to
Italy, where he saw an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and to the United States,
where he observed events leading up to the American Revolution. After the war,
he helped focus the energies of a diverse antislavery movement into an organized
force, connected with its British counterpart.
Although he was active in advocating justice for slaves and former slaves in
both countries, Equiano’s cherished dream was to return to Africa and regain title
to his ancestral lands, where he promised to entertain his abolitionist friends with
“luxuriant pineapples and the well flavoured virgin palm wine.” His hopes of re-
turning were dashed, however, when the expedition he was appointed to supervise
fell victim to corruption and political intrigue.
In 1788 Equiano settled down in the home of a London friend to write his
autobiography. It appeared in print in England the following year and in the United
States two years later. From his earliest days of literacy, Equiano had made a habit
of noting details of his experience in his journals. As a convert to Christianity and a
spokesperson for the antislavery movement, he mingled regularly with educated
English speakers. It is not surprising, therefore, that at the age of forty-four he was
able to write the first great African-American slave narrative i.
UNSUNG SHEROES
There have always been women who broke the barriers that were set for them by a patriarchical society. African women who broke these barriers during a time when all they were seen as was chattel are especially phenomenal. The women in this article are just some of the many women who lived before their time and smashed those barriers!
Olauda Equiano
1. Olaudah Equiano was born around 1745 in what is now southeastern Nigeria and was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery.
2. He was sold and transported across the Atlantic, experiencing the horrors of the Middle Passage. He eventually purchased his freedom after years of enslavement.
3. Equiano wrote an influential autobiography in 1794 about his experiences, which helped advance the abolitionist movement in Britain, America, and elsewhere. Though he did not live to see it, his work contributed to the eventual end of slavery.
Benjamin Franklin Autobiography
Benjamin Franklin Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin. Part of our Liberty Education Series. Free downloads are available. Visit us. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News. GVLN.
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788).htmlAle.docx
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788).html
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788)
Alexander Falconbridge served as ship’s surgeon on slaving ships during the later half of the 18th century. During his voyages across the Atlantic, Falconbridge had occasion to observe the abhorrent treatment of the slaves at the hands of the crews. During one such voyage, Falconbridge wrote this account of the conditions on the ship, including his own views on the practice of slavery. This excerpt is from An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa, published in 1788.
As soon as the wretched Africans, purchased at the fairs, fall into the hands of the black traders, they experience an earnest of those dreadful sufferings which they are doomed in future to undergo. And there is not the least room to doubt, but that even before they can reach the fairs, great numbers perish from cruel usage, want of food, travelling through inhospitable deserts, etc. They are brought from the places where they are purchased to Bonny, etc. in canoes; at the bottom of which they lie, having their hands tied with a kind of willow twigs, and a strict watch is kept over them. Their usage in other respects, during the time of passage, which generally lasts several days, is equally cruel. Their allowance of food is so scanty, that it is barely sufficient to support nature. They are, besides, much exposed to the violent rains which frequently fall here, being covered only with mats that afford but a slight defense; and as there is usually water at the bottom of the canoes, from their leaking, they are scarcely every dry.
Nor do these unhappying beings, after they become the property of the Europeans (from whom as a more civilized people, more humanity might naturally be expected), find their situation in the least amended. Their treatment is no less rigorous. The men Negroes, on being brought aboard the ship, are immediately fastened together, two and two, by handcuffs on their wrists, and irons riveted on their legs. They are then sent down between the decks, and placed in an apartment partitioned off for that purpose. The women likewise are placed in a separate room, on the same deck, but without being ironed. And an adjoining room, on the same deck is besides appointed for the boys. Thus are they placed in different apartments.
But at the same time, they are frequently stowed so close, as to admit of no other posture than lying on their sides. Neither will the height between decks, unless directly under the grating, permit them the indulgence of an erect posture; especially where there are platforms, which is generally the case. These platforms are a kind of shelf, about eight or nine feet in breadth, extending from the side of the ship towards the centre. They are placed nearly midway between the decks, at the distance of two or three feet from each deck. Upon these the Negroes are stowed in the same manner as they are on the deck underneath..
Slavery
In the 17th century, Europeans established plantations in the Americas that grew crops like tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and cotton using slave labor. Slaves worked from sunrise to sunset and during harvest times worked 18 hours per day. Their death toll was high and pregnant women were expected to work until they gave birth to encourage higher birth rates and more slaves. In Britain, abolitionist groups organized meetings and refused to buy colonial goods to end the slave trade. Prominent abolitionists included Granville Sharp, William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson, Zachary Macaulay, and Thomas Fowell Buxton, who all worked to pass laws ending the slave trade and abolishing slavery in the British Empire.
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History 1301 7 9-05 1600's slavery ch 3 intro
This document provides an overview of early American history from the 1600s, covering the original 13 colonies. It discusses the founding and key details about Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, Delaware, the Carolinas and other colonies. Important figures mentioned include John Smith, the Pilgrims, Puritans like John Winthrop, Roger Williams, the Dutch presence in New York, religious tolerance in Maryland, and the origins of the colonies.
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10 Common Components of a Diversity Plan
1. Current Climate
a. Keep a baseline and compare frequently
2. Timeline
a. Training, execution and measurement
3. Advisors
a. Experts (internal and external)
4. Training
a. Initial and ongoing...
i. Beware of Diversity fatigue
5. External Assessments
a. Involve the community
b. Compare against other companies
6. Investment
a. What resources are needed?
i. Financial, people, physical
7. Communication
a. All involved
8. People
a. Value diversity at all levels
9. Accountability
a. What support is needed? Who is accountable?
10. Metrics
a. Ways to measure if diversity plan is working
i. Turnover, employee satisfaction, diversity, profit margin
161
Week Seven: Reason and
Revolution Part II
Perkins−Perkins:
Selections from American
Literature
Olaudah Equiano Author Bio © The McGraw−Hill
Companies, 2007
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
(1745?–1797?)
As a child of eleven, Equiano was captured by slavers. His sister was taken at the
same time, but they were soon separated, and he was to be haunted the rest of his
life by his inability to save her and by his fears about her fate. Born in what is
today Nigeria, he probably spoke the Ibo language and was able to learn several
other African dialects as he traveled westward, passing through the households of
several masters over a six-month period. Finally he arrived on the shore of a large
river, probably the Niger, which took him to a seaport where he was sold to white
slave traders bound for the West Indies.
The young slave served several English and American masters who gave him
Western names, including Gustavus Vassa, the name he used most often and in-
cluded in the title of his book: Equiano’s Travels: The Interesting Narrative of the
Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. Even more important, his
various masters acknowledged his intelligence by training him to read and write
and by teaching him the navigation and business skills he needed to prosper. After
ten years of servitude he earned the money needed to buy his freedom by investing
in cargoes traded by his last master, a Philadelphia Quaker named Robert King.
Equiano’s cosmopolitan experience both as a slave and as a free man took
him to Canada, where he served Captain Pascal, a soldier with General Wolfe dur-
ing the French and Indian War, to the Arctic, where he was icebound on a ship, to
Italy, where he saw an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and to the United States,
where he observed events leading up to the American Revolution. After the war,
he helped focus the energies of a diverse antislavery movement into an organized
force, connected with its British counterpart.
Although he was active in advocating justice for slaves and former slaves in
both countries, Equiano’s cherished dream was to return to Africa and regain title
to his ancestral lands, where he promised to entertain his abolitionist friends with
“luxuriant pineapples and the well flavoured virgin palm wine.” His hopes of .
161Week Seven Reason andRevolution Part IIPerki.docx
161
Week Seven: Reason and
Revolution Part II
Perkins−Perkins:
Selections from American
Literature
Olaudah Equiano Author Bio © The McGraw−Hill
Companies, 2007
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
(1745?–1797?)
As a child of eleven, Equiano was captured by slavers. His sister was taken at the
same time, but they were soon separated, and he was to be haunted the rest of his
life by his inability to save her and by his fears about her fate. Born in what is
today Nigeria, he probably spoke the Ibo language and was able to learn several
other African dialects as he traveled westward, passing through the households of
several masters over a six-month period. Finally he arrived on the shore of a large
river, probably the Niger, which took him to a seaport where he was sold to white
slave traders bound for the West Indies.
The young slave served several English and American masters who gave him
Western names, including Gustavus Vassa, the name he used most often and in-
cluded in the title of his book: Equiano’s Travels: The Interesting Narrative of the
Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. Even more important, his
various masters acknowledged his intelligence by training him to read and write
and by teaching him the navigation and business skills he needed to prosper. After
ten years of servitude he earned the money needed to buy his freedom by investing
in cargoes traded by his last master, a Philadelphia Quaker named Robert King.
Equiano’s cosmopolitan experience both as a slave and as a free man took
him to Canada, where he served Captain Pascal, a soldier with General Wolfe dur-
ing the French and Indian War, to the Arctic, where he was icebound on a ship, to
Italy, where he saw an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and to the United States,
where he observed events leading up to the American Revolution. After the war,
he helped focus the energies of a diverse antislavery movement into an organized
force, connected with its British counterpart.
Although he was active in advocating justice for slaves and former slaves in
both countries, Equiano’s cherished dream was to return to Africa and regain title
to his ancestral lands, where he promised to entertain his abolitionist friends with
“luxuriant pineapples and the well flavoured virgin palm wine.” His hopes of re-
turning were dashed, however, when the expedition he was appointed to supervise
fell victim to corruption and political intrigue.
In 1788 Equiano settled down in the home of a London friend to write his
autobiography. It appeared in print in England the following year and in the United
States two years later. From his earliest days of literacy, Equiano had made a habit
of noting details of his experience in his journals. As a convert to Christianity and a
spokesperson for the antislavery movement, he mingled regularly with educated
English speakers. It is not surprising, therefore, that at the age of forty-four he was
able to write the first great African-American slave narrative i.
UNSUNG SHEROES
There have always been women who broke the barriers that were set for them by a patriarchical society. African women who broke these barriers during a time when all they were seen as was chattel are especially phenomenal. The women in this article are just some of the many women who lived before their time and smashed those barriers!
Olauda Equiano
1. Olaudah Equiano was born around 1745 in what is now southeastern Nigeria and was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery.
2. He was sold and transported across the Atlantic, experiencing the horrors of the Middle Passage. He eventually purchased his freedom after years of enslavement.
3. Equiano wrote an influential autobiography in 1794 about his experiences, which helped advance the abolitionist movement in Britain, America, and elsewhere. Though he did not live to see it, his work contributed to the eventual end of slavery.
Benjamin Franklin Autobiography
Benjamin Franklin Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin. Part of our Liberty Education Series. Free downloads are available. Visit us. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News. GVLN.
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788).htmlAle.docx
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788).html
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788)
Alexander Falconbridge served as ship’s surgeon on slaving ships during the later half of the 18th century. During his voyages across the Atlantic, Falconbridge had occasion to observe the abhorrent treatment of the slaves at the hands of the crews. During one such voyage, Falconbridge wrote this account of the conditions on the ship, including his own views on the practice of slavery. This excerpt is from An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa, published in 1788.
As soon as the wretched Africans, purchased at the fairs, fall into the hands of the black traders, they experience an earnest of those dreadful sufferings which they are doomed in future to undergo. And there is not the least room to doubt, but that even before they can reach the fairs, great numbers perish from cruel usage, want of food, travelling through inhospitable deserts, etc. They are brought from the places where they are purchased to Bonny, etc. in canoes; at the bottom of which they lie, having their hands tied with a kind of willow twigs, and a strict watch is kept over them. Their usage in other respects, during the time of passage, which generally lasts several days, is equally cruel. Their allowance of food is so scanty, that it is barely sufficient to support nature. They are, besides, much exposed to the violent rains which frequently fall here, being covered only with mats that afford but a slight defense; and as there is usually water at the bottom of the canoes, from their leaking, they are scarcely every dry.
Nor do these unhappying beings, after they become the property of the Europeans (from whom as a more civilized people, more humanity might naturally be expected), find their situation in the least amended. Their treatment is no less rigorous. The men Negroes, on being brought aboard the ship, are immediately fastened together, two and two, by handcuffs on their wrists, and irons riveted on their legs. They are then sent down between the decks, and placed in an apartment partitioned off for that purpose. The women likewise are placed in a separate room, on the same deck, but without being ironed. And an adjoining room, on the same deck is besides appointed for the boys. Thus are they placed in different apartments.
But at the same time, they are frequently stowed so close, as to admit of no other posture than lying on their sides. Neither will the height between decks, unless directly under the grating, permit them the indulgence of an erect posture; especially where there are platforms, which is generally the case. These platforms are a kind of shelf, about eight or nine feet in breadth, extending from the side of the ship towards the centre. They are placed nearly midway between the decks, at the distance of two or three feet from each deck. Upon these the Negroes are stowed in the same manner as they are on the deck underneath..
Slavery
In the 17th century, Europeans established plantations in the Americas that grew crops like tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and cotton using slave labor. Slaves worked from sunrise to sunset and during harvest times worked 18 hours per day. Their death toll was high and pregnant women were expected to work until they gave birth to encourage higher birth rates and more slaves. In Britain, abolitionist groups organized meetings and refused to buy colonial goods to end the slave trade. Prominent abolitionists included Granville Sharp, William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson, Zachary Macaulay, and Thomas Fowell Buxton, who all worked to pass laws ending the slave trade and abolishing slavery in the British Empire.
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The document provides an overview of the expansion of the British Empire between 1660-1763 through establishing new colonies. Key points:
- Charles II established several new colonies as proprietary colonies given to trusted individuals, including the Carolinas, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
- The Carolinas attracted settlers from Barbados and became centers of the slave trade and plantation agriculture. Conflict with Native Americans broke out.
- New York was captured from the Dutch and its name changed, though the Dutch influence remained. New Jersey was also established.
- Pennsylvania was given to William Penn, a Quaker, as a place for religious freedom and attracted large numbers of settlers, relying more on indentured servants
CHAPTER 4 Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763Figure 4..docx
CHAPTER 4 Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763
Figure 4.1 Isaac Royall and his family, seen here in a 1741 portrait by Robert Feke, moved to Medford, Massachusetts, from the West Indian island of Antigua, bringing their slaves with them. They were an affluent British colonial family, proud of their success and the success of the British Empire. Chapter Outline 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies 4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire 4.3 An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment 4.5 Wars for Empire Introduction The eighteenth century witnessed the birth of Great Britain (after the union of England and Scotland in 1707) and the expansion of the British Empire. By the mid-1700s, Great Britain had developed into a commercial and military powerhouse; its economic sway ranged from India, where the British East India Company had gained control over both trade and territory, to the West African coast, where British slave traders predominated, and to the British West Indies, whose lucrative sugar plantations, especially in Barbados and Jamaica, provided windfall profits for British planters. Meanwhile, the population rose dramatically in Britain’s North American colonies. In the early 1700s the population in the colonies had reached 250,000. By 1750, however, over a million British migrants and African slaves had established a near-continuous zone of settlement on the Atlantic coast from Maine to Georgia. During this period, the ties between Great Britain and the American colonies only grew stronger. AngloAmerican colonists considered themselves part of the British Empire in all ways: politically, militarily, religiously (as Protestants), intellectually, and racially. The portrait of the Royall family (Figure 4.1) exemplifies the colonial American gentry of the eighteenth century. Successful and well-to-do, they display fashions, hairstyles, and furnishings that all speak to their identity as proud and loyal British subjects.
Chapter 4 Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763 101
4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Analyze the causes and consequences of the Restoration • Identify the Restoration colonies and their role in the expansion of the Empire
When Charles II ascended the throne in 1660, English subjects on both sides of the Atlantic celebrated the restoration of the English monarchy after a decade of living without a king as a result of the English CivilWars.CharlesIIlostlittletimeinstrengtheningEngland’sglobalpower.Fromthe1660stothe1680s, Charles II added more possessions to England’s North American holdings by establishing the Restoration colonies of New York and New Jersey (taking these areas from the Dutch) as well as Pennsylvania and theCarolinas.InordertoreapthegreatesteconomicbenefitfromEngland’soverseaspossessions,Charles II enacted the mercantilist Navigation Acts, although many colonial merchants i ...
The Longest Memory Background
Slavery was a brutal system that existed in America from 1619 to 1865. Millions of slaves were taken from Africa and forced to work on plantations in the Southern states. Slaves endured horrific conditions, with long work hours, physical punishment, separation of families, and little access to healthcare, education or religious freedom. Though some slaves found ways to resist the dehumanizing system through literacy, faith and escaping, slavery dominated the Southern economy and profoundly shaped American history until the Civil War and Emancipation.
How good was he?
Abstract
WCB Wilson was one of Queensland’s early pioneering surveyors. While we have heard of Dixon, Staplyton and Warner, few of us know the exploits of Wilson. In this sesquicentenary of Queensland as a state, I thought it appropriate to add some character to a name that we may only see on a plan. I also explore the accuracy of one of his surveys in terms of ‘following in his footsteps’ when reinstating boundaries created by Wilson almost 150 years ago.
Sir John Hawkins
John Hawkins was an English explorer and slave trader during the 16th century Tudor period. He was born in 1532 to a sea captain father and was well educated in mathematics. Hawkins made several voyages to the Americas in the 1560s and 1570s to trade goods for slaves from Africa, bringing the slaves back to the Americas to sell. He introduced tobacco, potatoes, and the slave trade to Britain. Hawkins founded hospitals for sailors before dying at sea alongside his cousin Sir Francis Drake in 1595.
Week 7 Rebellion, Restoration & Unrest (New) Hand Outs
- James VI of Scotland succeeded Elizabeth I as King of England but proved to be a poor ruler, pursuing unpopular policies and behaviors that weakened his popularity.
- Tensions rose further under Charles I due to his authoritarian tendencies and conflicts with Parliament over finances and religious matters, leading to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians.
- Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army emerged victorious, establishing a republic known as the Commonwealth before Cromwell became Lord Protector, ruling as a military dictator until his death. This period saw major political, social and religious changes before the monarchy was restored.
Week 7 Rebellion, Restoration & Unrest (New)
The document summarizes the history of Britain from the early 1600s to the 1650s, a time of significant political and religious unrest. It describes how King James I and Charles I faced opposition from Parliament and Puritans, leading to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army defeated the Royalists, and Cromwell went on to become Lord Protector after executing King Charles I, ruling the country as a military dictator until his death.
· OBSERVATION1. What type of document is this (Ex. Newspaper, t.docx
· OBSERVATION
1. What type of document is this? (Ex. Newspaper, telegram, map, letter, memorandum, congressional record)
2. For what audience was the document written?
EXPRESSION
1. What do you find interesting or important about this document?
1. Is there a particular phrase or section that you find particularly meaningful or surprising?
CONNECTION
1. What does this document tell you about life in America at the time it was written?
1.
An African Narrative by Olaudah Equiano (1791)
Chapter 3 Document:
An African Narrative by Olaudah Equiano (1791)
Please read this document and if you are assigned to do so, submit your answers to the questions on the Document Worksheet as determined by your instructor.
While there was land aplenty in America, the key to the American dream of prosperity was labor: one's own and others'. The primary labor group was the family, but added to those laborers tied by marriage and birth were those tied by wages ("free" laborers), contracts (indentured servants), and coercion (slaves). Although Indian and African slavery had been part of the colonization process in the Americas since the conquistadores, the importation and use of African slaves in the English mainland colonies did not commence in earnest until the late seventeenth century. The exploitation of enslaved Africans and their descendants then increased tremendously in the eighteenth century, especially in the southern colonies, although slaves were found in every colony.
First African and then European traders carried Olaudah Equiano (1745–1797), an Ibo of Nigeria, into the trap of trans-Atlantic slavery when he was a boy of eleven. Slavery as an institution was not new to Equiano; his father had slaves, but he found that the Euro-American concept of slavery was different from the African one. Equiano survived the passage from Africa to the colonies and was bought by a Virginia planter, and shortly thereafter, by an English naval officer. He served on warships during the Seven Years' War and then, as the property of a Quaker merchant, participated in the trade between the West Indies and the southern colonies. Equiano bought his freedom in 1766 and supported himself as a sailor. His life did not parallel the lives of most of those enslaved, for he learned to read and write and gained his own liberty. Greatly influenced by evangelical ministers who preached the equality of souls, he used his freedom and education to work for the abolition of slavery.
* * *
The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast, was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror, when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled, and tossed up to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me. Their complexions, too, differing so much fr.
A Paul Cuffe Biography
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Figure 4.1 Isaac Royall and his family, seen here in a 1741 portrait by Robert Feke, moved to Medford, Massachusetts, from the West Indian island of Antigua, bringing their slaves with them. They were an affluent British colonial family, proud of their success and the success of the British Empire. Chapter Outline 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies 4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire 4.3 An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment 4.5 Wars for Empire Introduction The eighteenth century witnessed the birth of Great Britain (after the union of England and Scotland in 1707) and the expansion of the British Empire. By the mid-1700s, Great Britain had developed into a commercial and military powerhouse; its economic sway ranged from India, where the British East India Company had gained control over both trade and territory, to the West African coast, where British slave traders predominated, and to the British West Indies, whose lucrative sugar plantations, especially in Barbados and Jamaica, provided windfall profits for British planters. Meanwhile, the population rose dramatically in Britain’s North American colonies. In the early 1700s the population in the colonies had reached 250,000. By 1750, however, over a million British migrants and African slaves had established a near-continuous zone of settlement on the Atlantic coast from Maine to Georgia. During this period, the ties between Great Britain and the American colonies only grew stronger. AngloAmerican colonists considered themselves part of the British Empire in all ways: politically, militarily, religiously (as Protestants), intellectually, and racially. The portrait of the Royall family (Figure 4.1) exemplifies the colonial American gentry of the eighteenth century. Successful and well-to-do, they display fashions, hairstyles, and furnishings that all speak to their identity as proud and loyal British subjects.
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When Charles II ascended the throne in 1660, English subjects on both sides of the Atlantic celebrated the restoration of the English monarchy after a decade of living without a king as a result of the English CivilWars.CharlesIIlostlittletimeinstrengtheningEngland’sglobalpower.Fromthe1660stothe1680s, Charles II added more possessions to England’s North American holdings by establishing the Restoration colonies of New York and New Jersey (taking these areas from the Dutch) as well as Pennsylvania and theCarolinas.InordertoreapthegreatesteconomicbenefitfromEngland’soverseaspossessions,Charles II enacted the mercantilist Navigation Acts, although many colonial merchants i ...
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An African Narrative by Olaudah Equiano (1791)
Chapter 3 Document:
An African Narrative by Olaudah Equiano (1791)
Please read this document and if you are assigned to do so, submit your answers to the questions on the Document Worksheet as determined by your instructor.
While there was land aplenty in America, the key to the American dream of prosperity was labor: one's own and others'. The primary labor group was the family, but added to those laborers tied by marriage and birth were those tied by wages ("free" laborers), contracts (indentured servants), and coercion (slaves). Although Indian and African slavery had been part of the colonization process in the Americas since the conquistadores, the importation and use of African slaves in the English mainland colonies did not commence in earnest until the late seventeenth century. The exploitation of enslaved Africans and their descendants then increased tremendously in the eighteenth century, especially in the southern colonies, although slaves were found in every colony.
First African and then European traders carried Olaudah Equiano (1745–1797), an Ibo of Nigeria, into the trap of trans-Atlantic slavery when he was a boy of eleven. Slavery as an institution was not new to Equiano; his father had slaves, but he found that the Euro-American concept of slavery was different from the African one. Equiano survived the passage from Africa to the colonies and was bought by a Virginia planter, and shortly thereafter, by an English naval officer. He served on warships during the Seven Years' War and then, as the property of a Quaker merchant, participated in the trade between the West Indies and the southern colonies. Equiano bought his freedom in 1766 and supported himself as a sailor. His life did not parallel the lives of most of those enslaved, for he learned to read and write and gained his own liberty. Greatly influenced by evangelical ministers who preached the equality of souls, he used his freedom and education to work for the abolition of slavery.
* * *
The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast, was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror, when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled, and tossed up to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me. Their complexions, too, differing so much fr.
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- 1. Alexander Falconbridge Abolitionist 1760-1792 By Alvin Barnes of Jackson Mississippi
- 3. Life Facts Born in Bristol, England in 1760. Became a surgeon around 1778. Received a job offer to be a slave ship surgeon.
- 4. Objection To Slavery Falconbridge served as a ship's surgeon on four voyages between 1780 and 1787. During this time, he rejected the slave trade and became an abolitionist. Falconbridge met the anti-slavery campaigner Thomas Clarkson and became a member of the Anti-Slavery Society. Clarkson was the author of "A Summary View of the Slave Trade and of the Probable Consequences of Its Abolition".Clarkson had a high regard for Falconbridge who on more than one occasion acted as his personal armed bodyguard whilst he gathered evidence against the slave trade.
- 6. Objection to Slavery Continued Falconbridge published "An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa“ in 1788, an influential book in the abolitionist movement. In his writing he described the slave trade from start to finish. Including their treatment during the Middle Passage. In 1790 Alexander gave verbal evidence before a House of Commons Committee. Many of the MPs were hostile toward him because he supported abolition.
- 7. Excerpt from “An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa“ by Falconbridge. “When the Negroes, whom the black traders have to dispose of [sell], are shown to the European purchasers, they first examine them relative to their age. They then minutely inspect their persons and inquire into the state of their health; if they are afflicted with any disease or are deformed or have bad eyes or teeth; if they are lame or weak in the joints or distorted in the back or of a slender make or narrow in the chest; in short, if they have been ill or are afflicted in any manner so as to render them incapable of much labor. If any of the foregoing defects are discovered in them they are rejected. But if approved of, they are generally taken on board the ship the same evening. The purchaser has liberty to return on the following morning, but not afterwards, such as upon re-examination are found exceptionable.”
- 8. Death and Legacy In 1791, Falconbridge was selected by the Anti-Slavery Society to sail to Sierra Leone with his wife Anna Maria; and his brother William with the intent of reorganizing the failed settlement of freed slaves in Granville Town, Sierra Leone. However, Falconbridge began to drink excessively, due to marital problems and ailing health. Falconbridge eventually died of drinking a week before Christmas in 1792. The colony of Granville was eventually named Freetown, named in honor of Alexander Falconbridge.