Although some male crab spiders find and mate with adult female spide.pdf
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Although some male crab spiders find and mate with adult female spiders, others that find immature females remain with them although the sub adult females are incapable of mating until they become adults. This behavior would puzzle most evolutionary biologists because: a. The genetic basis for this behavior would be very difficult to determine. b. Mating is instinctive in spiders and therefore all males should behave the same, either mating with adult females only or guarding sub adult females only. c. Males that guard sub adults cannot use the time to find receptive females. d. One would think that immature female spiders should accept and store sperm from males in order to permit good female-finding males to have time to find many mates. Solution The answer to this concept is ans (4)..one the female immature spider should store the sperms in them for good female - findings males to have time to find many other...
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Class nematoda sudeshrathod
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I. For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
WHY ARE SNAILS CONSIDERED ASEXUAL.DO YOU WANT TO KNOW?docx
INTRODUCTION: Snails, those seemingly sluggish creatures that navigate the world at their own pace, have long held a curious place in the realm of biology due to their reproductive habits. One of the most intriguing aspects of snail biology is their capacity for asexual reproduction. While many organisms require the union of gametes from two individuals to reproduce, snails have evolved unique strategies that allow them to perpetuate their species without a partner. In this review, we will delve into the world of snails to understand why they are considered asexual and the mechanisms behind this phenomenon.
(1) Asexual Reproduction in Snails: Asexual reproduction, also known as parthenogenesis, is a mode of reproduction where offspring are produced without the involvement of fertilization by a mate. Snails are among the fascinating creatures known to employ this reproductive strategy. In asexual reproduction, a single individual can give rise to offspring genetically identical to itself….FOR MORE ON KEEPING SNAILS AS PETS WATCH THIS VIDEO…..https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dz4Tln9Mz0&t=46s
(2) Advantages of Asexual Reproduction: The evolutionary advantages of asexual reproduction in snails are multifaceted. Firstly, it allows for rapid population growth in favorable conditions. Since there's no need to find a mate, snails can reproduce more quickly, particularly in environments where mates are scarce or conditions are unstable. This rapid reproduction can be crucial for survival in unpredictable habitats.
Furthermore, asexual reproduction eliminates the need to invest energy and resources in finding and competing for mates. Snails can allocate more resources towards growth and survival, enhancing their overall fitness. Additionally, asexual reproduction ensures that favorable genetic traits are preserved within the population since offspring are genetically identical to their parent….FOR MORE USEFUL TIPS ABOUT CARING FOR SNAILS, WATCH THIS VIDEO….https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dz4Tln9Mz0&t=46s
(3) Modes of Asexual Reproduction in Snails: Snails employ various mechanisms for asexual reproduction, each with its own intricacies. One common mode is known as parthenogenesis, where unfertilized eggs develop into viable offspring. This process typically involves the activation of egg cells without fertilization, resulting in the development of embryos.
Another mode, called fragmentation or fission, involves the splitting of the snail's body into two or more parts, each of which can regenerate into a new individual. This method is often observed in species with a high capacity for tissue regeneration. Fragmentation allows snails to reproduce rapidly under conditions where physical damage is common.
Regeneration is another fascinating aspect of asexual reproduction in snails. Many species have the remarkable ability to regenerate lost body parts, including reproductive organs. This enables them to recover from injuries and continue reproducing even
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Class nematoda sudeshrathod
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I. For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
WHY ARE SNAILS CONSIDERED ASEXUAL.DO YOU WANT TO KNOW?docx
INTRODUCTION: Snails, those seemingly sluggish creatures that navigate the world at their own pace, have long held a curious place in the realm of biology due to their reproductive habits. One of the most intriguing aspects of snail biology is their capacity for asexual reproduction. While many organisms require the union of gametes from two individuals to reproduce, snails have evolved unique strategies that allow them to perpetuate their species without a partner. In this review, we will delve into the world of snails to understand why they are considered asexual and the mechanisms behind this phenomenon.
(1) Asexual Reproduction in Snails: Asexual reproduction, also known as parthenogenesis, is a mode of reproduction where offspring are produced without the involvement of fertilization by a mate. Snails are among the fascinating creatures known to employ this reproductive strategy. In asexual reproduction, a single individual can give rise to offspring genetically identical to itself….FOR MORE ON KEEPING SNAILS AS PETS WATCH THIS VIDEO…..https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dz4Tln9Mz0&t=46s
(2) Advantages of Asexual Reproduction: The evolutionary advantages of asexual reproduction in snails are multifaceted. Firstly, it allows for rapid population growth in favorable conditions. Since there's no need to find a mate, snails can reproduce more quickly, particularly in environments where mates are scarce or conditions are unstable. This rapid reproduction can be crucial for survival in unpredictable habitats.
Furthermore, asexual reproduction eliminates the need to invest energy and resources in finding and competing for mates. Snails can allocate more resources towards growth and survival, enhancing their overall fitness. Additionally, asexual reproduction ensures that favorable genetic traits are preserved within the population since offspring are genetically identical to their parent….FOR MORE USEFUL TIPS ABOUT CARING FOR SNAILS, WATCH THIS VIDEO….https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dz4Tln9Mz0&t=46s
(3) Modes of Asexual Reproduction in Snails: Snails employ various mechanisms for asexual reproduction, each with its own intricacies. One common mode is known as parthenogenesis, where unfertilized eggs develop into viable offspring. This process typically involves the activation of egg cells without fertilization, resulting in the development of embryos.
Another mode, called fragmentation or fission, involves the splitting of the snail's body into two or more parts, each of which can regenerate into a new individual. This method is often observed in species with a high capacity for tissue regeneration. Fragmentation allows snails to reproduce rapidly under conditions where physical damage is common.
Regeneration is another fascinating aspect of asexual reproduction in snails. Many species have the remarkable ability to regenerate lost body parts, including reproductive organs. This enables them to recover from injuries and continue reproducing even
How young animals grow up?
Young animals grow up
If the zygote can grow in and interact with a suitable environment, it contains all the information required to create a new organism. It stands to reason that some aspects of embryology must be considered when studying the development of behaviour. For instance, the way the nervous system's fundamental structure is built, but we must go much further than this.
Young animals grow up
It is entirely possible to argue that in some animals, behavioural development continues throughout life. Long after an animal is independent, its behaviour may still change. Learning could therefore be seen as a form of development, and young animals occasionally learn a lot as they grow. But in this section, we'll focus on other behavioural changes that frequently occur early in life, often quickly and dramatically.
It is important to understand that young animals must always be fully functional creatures capable of acting appropriately in their own worlds. They cannot simply be incomplete creatures or inadequate stages on the path to adulthood.
Some animals are protected during their early development by an eggshell or uterus or by watchful parents, but others are free-living and must care for themselves completely. Young animals may develop into miniature adults as they grow in size over time, but in order to keep up, their behavioural responses must also adapt.
Although young cuttlefish (Sepia) start out and continue to be carnivores, at first, they can only kill tiny crustacea that are disregarded as prey once the cuttlefish has grown. As they grow closer to adult size, they move on to food that is bigger and bigger, which requires a change in the behaviour patterns used to find and catch prey.
Even more drastic behavioural and morphological changes may occur in some cases because some young animals live entirely different lives than do adults. Tadpoles are herbivores that swim and breathe like fish before changing into land-dwelling carnivorous frogs or toads.
Eristalis tenax, an aquatic filter-feeding rat-tailed maggot that breathes through a long snorkel tube at its back, transforms into a flower-feeding hoverfly (see Fig. 2). Young and adult require almost entirely different behavioural repertoires for these life histories.
Rat-tailed maggot | Flower-feeding hoverfly
These alterations mean that development frequently has to produce patterns that only function for a portion of an animal's life before disappearing. The specific coordinated movements that cockroaches use to emerge from their individual eggshells as well as the protective case that bundles a group of eggs together were both described by Provine in 1976. These movements, which are only observed on this one occasion, consist of a series of reversed waves of contraction along the body from the tail to the head.
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Life cycle of animals.
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Instinct and Learning Behavior.pdf
Homelearning behaviourInstinct and Learning Behavior
Instinct and Learning Behavior
MalaikaNovember 06, 2022
Learning and instinct have been compared throughout history and in folk biology.
While instinct focused on biologically preprogrammed mechanisms that emerge naturally in the absence of special environmental input, learning was meant to emphasise aspects of behavior and cognition that are the result of experience and training.
This distinction relates to those between learned and innate or inherited knowledge.
Instinct and learning behavior in animals
Instinct and learning in their biological setting
When viewed holistically, development's purpose is to help an animal build a repertoire of behaviours that are appropriate for its mode of existence and fit for success.
The stunning alignment of form and function is evident whether we are studying the muscular control of limb movement under negative feedback processes or the nest-building behaviours of birds, whether we are observing young animals or adults.
Animals do occasionally behave awkwardly and make mistakes, especially when placed in unnatural situations, but for the most part, their behaviour is perfectly matched to their way of life.
They find food, shelter, mate, and offspring by responding appropriately to the elements of their environment. How does behaviour develop this almost perfect fit? How is it able to grow so well?
People have been captivated by this query for centuries because we have always been animal observers. Of course, we have less often focused on how their behaviour changes than on their "nature" as beings that critically share the "spark of life" with us.
Even though we may take advantage of or ignore other species' needs in favour of our own, we cannot simply ignore them. This fact has caused some very different attitudes. Animals have occasionally been revered as deities.
How young animals grow up?
Methods of capturing animals
How many zoos does Pakistan have? and where?
The Egyptians kept a sacred bull named Apis and frequently depicted their writing god, Thoth, as a hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). On the other hand, the Madagascan aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a species of lemur, was hunted until recently because people believed it to be a devil's incarnation (Fig. 2).
The animal as god, the animal as devil.
(a) The animal as god, (b) The animal as devil.
Cats and toads were frequently accused of being the "familiars" of women accused of practising witchcraft in Europe. However, St. Francis was known for preaching to animals, referring to them as a part of Creation and perhaps even as having immortal souls.
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Give examples of two zoonotic diseases. Explain how these zoonotic d.pdf
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impact this disease has on the developing world.
Describe how vectors play a role in the transmission of disease.
Give an example of an emerging disease and another example of a re-emerging disease.
Solution
Major modern diseases such as
1. Ebola virus disease, 2 .Salmonellosis and 3 influenza .
1.Ebola virus disease, :
It also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or just Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of
people and different primates brought about by ebolaviruses.
Signs and indications ordinarily begin between two days and three weeks in the wake of getting
the infection with a fever, sore throat, solid torment, and migraines.
At that point, spewing, looseness of the bowels and rash typically take after, with diminished
capacity of the liver and kidneys.
2.salmonellosis
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The vast majority with salmonellosis create loose bowels, fever, heaving, and stomach issues 12
to 72 hours after disease.
Much of the time, the disease endures four to seven days, and a great many people recuperate
without treatment i
Transmission :Sullied nourishment, frequently having no bizarre look or smell
Poor kitchen cleanliness, particularly hazardous in institutional kitchens and eateries since this
can prompt to a huge flare-up .
Discharges from either wiped out or tainted yet clearly clinically sound individuals
Contaminated surface water and standing water, (for example, in shower hoses or unused water
distributors)
and
3 influenza ..
Create the variables, and methods needed for this classA DicePlay.pdf
Create the variables, and methods needed for this class:
A DicePlayer is a class that represents the player in a Craps game. A DicePlayer is a data class.
The data we need to manage (the fields or class variables) are the players name and how much
money the player has to bet.
Methods are needed to manage this data.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner; // inporting required packages
class DicePlayer
{
private String name; // creating requried variables
private double cash;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); // scanner variable to take i/p\'s
public void setName()
{
System.out.println(\"Enter the name of the player\ \");
name=sc.next(); // taking player name
}
public void setCash ()
{
System.out.println(\"Give the amount on the hand\ \");
cash=sc.nextDouble(); // taking cash
}
public String getName()
{
return name; // getting name when needed
}
public double getCash()
{
return cash; // getting cash when needed
}
public boolean addCash()
{
double add;
System.out.println(\"Give the amount to add\ \");
add=sc.nextInt();
if (add>0) // checking the taken value is non-negative
{
cash=cash+add; // if yes add it to cash
return true;
}
else
return false; // else retrun false
}
public boolean subCash()
{
double sub;
System.out.println(\"Give the amount to sub\ \");
sub=sc.nextInt();
if (sub>0 && sub.
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How young animals grow up?
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If the zygote can grow in and interact with a suitable environment, it contains all the information required to create a new organism. It stands to reason that some aspects of embryology must be considered when studying the development of behaviour. For instance, the way the nervous system's fundamental structure is built, but we must go much further than this.
Young animals grow up
It is entirely possible to argue that in some animals, behavioural development continues throughout life. Long after an animal is independent, its behaviour may still change. Learning could therefore be seen as a form of development, and young animals occasionally learn a lot as they grow. But in this section, we'll focus on other behavioural changes that frequently occur early in life, often quickly and dramatically.
It is important to understand that young animals must always be fully functional creatures capable of acting appropriately in their own worlds. They cannot simply be incomplete creatures or inadequate stages on the path to adulthood.
Some animals are protected during their early development by an eggshell or uterus or by watchful parents, but others are free-living and must care for themselves completely. Young animals may develop into miniature adults as they grow in size over time, but in order to keep up, their behavioural responses must also adapt.
Although young cuttlefish (Sepia) start out and continue to be carnivores, at first, they can only kill tiny crustacea that are disregarded as prey once the cuttlefish has grown. As they grow closer to adult size, they move on to food that is bigger and bigger, which requires a change in the behaviour patterns used to find and catch prey.
Even more drastic behavioural and morphological changes may occur in some cases because some young animals live entirely different lives than do adults. Tadpoles are herbivores that swim and breathe like fish before changing into land-dwelling carnivorous frogs or toads.
Eristalis tenax, an aquatic filter-feeding rat-tailed maggot that breathes through a long snorkel tube at its back, transforms into a flower-feeding hoverfly (see Fig. 2). Young and adult require almost entirely different behavioural repertoires for these life histories.
Rat-tailed maggot | Flower-feeding hoverfly
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.
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Instinct and Learning Behavior
MalaikaNovember 06, 2022
Learning and instinct have been compared throughout history and in folk biology.
While instinct focused on biologically preprogrammed mechanisms that emerge naturally in the absence of special environmental input, learning was meant to emphasise aspects of behavior and cognition that are the result of experience and training.
This distinction relates to those between learned and innate or inherited knowledge.
Instinct and learning behavior in animals
Instinct and learning in their biological setting
When viewed holistically, development's purpose is to help an animal build a repertoire of behaviours that are appropriate for its mode of existence and fit for success.
The stunning alignment of form and function is evident whether we are studying the muscular control of limb movement under negative feedback processes or the nest-building behaviours of birds, whether we are observing young animals or adults.
Animals do occasionally behave awkwardly and make mistakes, especially when placed in unnatural situations, but for the most part, their behaviour is perfectly matched to their way of life.
They find food, shelter, mate, and offspring by responding appropriately to the elements of their environment. How does behaviour develop this almost perfect fit? How is it able to grow so well?
People have been captivated by this query for centuries because we have always been animal observers. Of course, we have less often focused on how their behaviour changes than on their "nature" as beings that critically share the "spark of life" with us.
Even though we may take advantage of or ignore other species' needs in favour of our own, we cannot simply ignore them. This fact has caused some very different attitudes. Animals have occasionally been revered as deities.
How young animals grow up?
Methods of capturing animals
How many zoos does Pakistan have? and where?
The Egyptians kept a sacred bull named Apis and frequently depicted their writing god, Thoth, as a hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). On the other hand, the Madagascan aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a species of lemur, was hunted until recently because people believed it to be a devil's incarnation (Fig. 2).
The animal as god, the animal as devil.
(a) The animal as god, (b) The animal as devil.
Cats and toads were frequently accused of being the "familiars" of women accused of practising witchcraft in Europe. However, St. Francis was known for preaching to animals, referring to them as a part of Creation and perhaps even as having immortal souls.
We can now put superstitions to rest, but there is still much to learn about the sentience of animals, and we will discuss this in more detail later. Most pet owners will undoubtedly give their animal companions some human traits, even if in jest.
At one extreme, we might have animals like Badger, Ratty, Mole, and Toad fro
Similar to Although some male crab spiders find and mate with adult female spide.pdf (20)
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Give examples of two zoonotic diseases. Explain how these zoonotic d.pdf
Give examples of two zoonotic diseases. Explain how these zoonotic diseases can be transmitted.
Discuss the impact of malaria on environmental health. Provide one example of the economic
impact this disease has on the developing world.
Describe how vectors play a role in the transmission of disease.
Give an example of an emerging disease and another example of a re-emerging disease.
Solution
Major modern diseases such as
1. Ebola virus disease, 2 .Salmonellosis and 3 influenza .
1.Ebola virus disease, :
It also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or just Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of
people and different primates brought about by ebolaviruses.
Signs and indications ordinarily begin between two days and three weeks in the wake of getting
the infection with a fever, sore throat, solid torment, and migraines.
At that point, spewing, looseness of the bowels and rash typically take after, with diminished
capacity of the liver and kidneys.
2.salmonellosis
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The vast majority with salmonellosis create loose bowels, fever, heaving, and stomach issues 12
to 72 hours after disease.
Much of the time, the disease endures four to seven days, and a great many people recuperate
without treatment i
Transmission :Sullied nourishment, frequently having no bizarre look or smell
Poor kitchen cleanliness, particularly hazardous in institutional kitchens and eateries since this
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Discharges from either wiped out or tainted yet clearly clinically sound individuals
Contaminated surface water and standing water, (for example, in shower hoses or unused water
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and
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Create the variables, and methods needed for this classA DicePlay.pdf
Create the variables, and methods needed for this class:
A DicePlayer is a class that represents the player in a Craps game. A DicePlayer is a data class.
The data we need to manage (the fields or class variables) are the players name and how much
money the player has to bet.
Methods are needed to manage this data.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner; // inporting required packages
class DicePlayer
{
private String name; // creating requried variables
private double cash;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); // scanner variable to take i/p\'s
public void setName()
{
System.out.println(\"Enter the name of the player\ \");
name=sc.next(); // taking player name
}
public void setCash ()
{
System.out.println(\"Give the amount on the hand\ \");
cash=sc.nextDouble(); // taking cash
}
public String getName()
{
return name; // getting name when needed
}
public double getCash()
{
return cash; // getting cash when needed
}
public boolean addCash()
{
double add;
System.out.println(\"Give the amount to add\ \");
add=sc.nextInt();
if (add>0) // checking the taken value is non-negative
{
cash=cash+add; // if yes add it to cash
return true;
}
else
return false; // else retrun false
}
public boolean subCash()
{
double sub;
System.out.println(\"Give the amount to sub\ \");
sub=sc.nextInt();
if (sub>0 && sub.
Describe different flow control valves with figures. Include referenc.pdf
Describe different flow control valves with figures. Include references for the material and
figures.
Solution
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOW CONTROL VALVES
1. BALL VALVE
A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which uses a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball to
control flow through it. It is open when the ball\'s hole is in line with the flow and closed when it
is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle. The handle lies flat in alignment with the flow when
open, and is perpendicular to it when closed, making for easy visual confirmation of the valve\'s
status.
Ball valves are durable, performing well after many cycles, and reliable, closing securely even
after long periods of disuse. These qualities make them an excellent choice for shutoff and
control applications, where they are often preferred to gates and globe valves, but they lack their
fine control in throttling applications.
The ball valve\'s ease of operation, repair, and versatility lend it to extensive industrial use,
supporting pressures up to 1000 bar and temperatures up to 752 °F (500 °C), depending on
design and materials used. Sizes typically range from 0.2 to 48 inches (0.5 cm to 121 cm). One
disadvantage of a ball valve is that they trap water in the center cavity while in the closed
position. In the event of a freeze, the sides can crack due to expansion of ice forming. Some
means of insulation or heat tape in this situation will usually prevent damage. Another option for
cold climates is the \"freeze tolerant ball valve\". This style of ball valve incorporates a freeze
plug in the side so in the event of a freeze up, the freeze plug ruptures, (acts as a sacrificial disk),
thus making for an easy repair. Now instead of replacing the whole valve, just screw in a new
freeze plug.
2.GATE VALVE
A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve which opens by lifting a round or
rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve is the
sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar, so gate valves are often used when a
straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired. The gate faces can be parallel, but
are most commonly wedge-shaped. Gate valves are primarily used to permit or prevent the flow
of liquids, but typical gate valves shouldn\'t be used for regulating flow, unless they are
specifically designed for that purpose. Because of their ability to cut through liquids, gate valves
are often used in the petroleum industry. For extremely thick fluids, a specialty valve often
known as a knife gate valve is used to cut through the liquid. On opening the gate valve, the flow
path is enlarged in a highly nonlinear manner with respect to percent of opening. This means that
flow rate does not change evenly with stem travel. Also, a partially open gate tends to vibrate
from the fluid flow. Most of the flow change occurs near shutoff with a relatively high fluid
velocity causing gate and seat wear and eventual leakage if u.
Consider a sample with data values of 10, 20, 12, 17, and 16.Compute.pdf
Consider a sample with data values of 10, 20, 12, 17, and 16.Compute the z-score for each of the
five observations (to2 decimals).
Observed valuez-score1020121716
Solution
mean = (10+20+12+17+16)/5=15
standard deviation = 4 (based on the data)
Z-score = (X-mean)/standard deviationObserved ValueZ-score10(10-15)/4 =-1.2520(20-
15)/4=1.2512(12-15)/4=-0.7517(17-15)/4=0.516(16-15)/4=0.25.
Compare and contrast transmit and receive diversity. Describe how ea.pdf
Compare and contrast transmit and receive diversity. Describe how each diversity type lead to an
improvement in system performance.
Solution
Diversity refers to a technique for improving the transmission of a signal, by receiving and
processing multiple versions of the same transmitted signal. The multiple versions can be the
result of signals following different propagation paths, being transmitted at different times or
frequencies. In Transmit diversity, Spatial diversity is introduced into the signal by transmitting
through multiple antennas. The antennas are spaced far enough so that the signals emanating
from them can be assumed to undergo independent fading. In addition to diversity gain, antenna
gain can also be incorporated through channel state feedback. TD can improve the receiver
performance in the presence of flat fading. It reduces impact of fading by offering mutliple
copies of the digitally modulated waveform at the receiver, where the chance that all copies are
simultaneously in a fade is very small. In receiver diversity, the use of diversity at receiver
needs combining the outputs of statistically independent fading channels, in accordance with a
criterion that leads to improved receiver performance. Several techniques have been studied for
diversity combining. Some of these techniques are selection combining, maximal ratio, equal
gain and square law combining. When using diversity transmission and reception, the amount of
received signal improvement depends on the independence of the fading characteristics of the
signal as well as circuit outages and failures..
C++ Doubly-Linked ListsThe goal of the exercise is to implement a.pdf
C++: Doubly-Linked Lists
The goal of the exercise is to implement a class List of doubly- linked lists.
My goal is to implement the class in a file doubly-linked.cpp.
The class List implements lists using the following structures for list ele- ments:
struct Node { int val ;
Node next;
Node prev; };
Each Node contains a value (an integer) and two pointers: one meant to point to the next element
of the list and one meant to point to the previous element in the list. The class provides the
following methods that you need to implement:
• A constructor and a destructor, with no arguments;
• void insert(int n): insert an integer at the end of the list;
• void reverse(): reverse the list;
• void print(): print the list to cout in the same format as the input (i.e. integers separated by
spaces);
doubly-linked.h
#ifndef __dll__
#define __dll__
#include
using namespace std;
// Basic structure to store elements of a list
struct Node {
int val; // contains the value
Node * next; // pointer to the next element in the list
Node * prev; // pointer to the previous element in the list
};
// Class List
class List {
public:
List(void); // Constructor
~List(void); // Destructor
void insert(int n); // This should insert n in the list
void reverse(void); // This should reverse the list
void print(void); // This shoiuld print the list
private:
Node * first; // Pointer to the first (if any) element in the list
};
#endif
main.cpp
#include
#include \"doubly-linked.h\"
using namespace std;
int main(void){
List l;
int n;
while(cin >> n){
l.insert(n);
}
// Print list as read from cin
l.print();
// Reverse the list and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
// Reverse again and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
return 0;
}
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
/* Linked list structure */
struct list {
struct list *prev;
int data;
struct list *next;
} *node = NULL, *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *node1 = NULL, *node2 = NULL;
class linkedlist {
public:
/* Function for create/insert node at the beginning of Linked list */
void insrt_frnt() {
list *addBeg = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addBeg->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
addBeg->next = NULL;
first = addBeg;
last = addBeg;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
first->prev = addBeg;
addBeg->next = first;
first = addBeg;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the beginning of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for create/insert node at the end of Linked list */
void insrt_end() {
list *addEnd = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addEnd->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addEnd->prev = NULL;
addEnd->next = NULL;
first = addEnd;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addEnd->next = NULL;
last->next = addEnd;
addEnd->prev = last;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the end of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for Display Linked list */
void display() {
node = first;
cout << \"List of data in L.
Blood in the femoral artery will flow into what artery next Bl.pdf
Blood in the femoral artery will flow into what artery next?
Blood in the femoral artery will flow into what artery next?
Solution
Answer: popliteal artery
The popliteal artery branches off from the femoral artery. It is located in the knee and the back of
the leg. Its courses near the adductor canal and the adductor hiatus, distinctive open areas inside
the thigh. At its far end, it splits into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries..
Assume that 96 of ticket holders show up for an airline flight. If .pdf
Assume that 96% of ticket holders show up for an airline flight. If a plane seats 200 people, how
many tickets should be sold to make the chance of an overbooked flight (more ticket holders
show up for a flight than there are seats available) is at most 10%.
Solution
Say no. of tickets booked = x
Now only 0.96x will turn up
No. of seats = 200
Now these 0.96x people should get a seat with 90% probability
200 / (0.96x) >=0.9
200/0.864 >= x
x <=231.48
x = 231
Airline will make 231 reservations.
7. At October 1, Smithson Enterprises reported owners equity of $.pdf
7. At October 1, Smithson Enterprises reported owner\'s equity of $35,000. During October no
additional investments were made and the company earned net income of $4.000. If owner\'s
equity at October 31 totals $32,000, what amount of owner d during the month? A) S0 rawings
was m B) $1.000
Solution
Amount of owner drawings were made during the month:
= $35,000 + $4,000 - $32,000
= $7,000.
5. A repeated measures analysis of variane shows, F(4,20)=14.56. How.pdf
5. A repeated measures analysis of variane shows, F(4,20)=14.56. How many repeated measures
were there? How many subjects?
Solution
5.
There are
k = df1 + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5 repeated measures [ANSWER]
********************
Meanwhile, there are
n = df2/(k-1) + 1
subjects, so,
n = 20/(5-1) + 1 = 6 subjects [ANSWER].
–PLS write program in c++ thanxLinked List Sorting and Reversing.pdf
–PLS write program in c++ thanx
Linked List Sorting and Reversing
Write a C++ using your own linked list class to manage a list of string elements. Besides the
basic operations expected of a linked list (add an element, remove an element, check for empty
list, report size (number) of elements in the list, and print out the content of the list), the linked
list class also needs to have a method called sort() and a method called reverse() the manipulate
the string elements. The sort method rearranges the elements in the list so they are sorted in
alphabetical order. The reverse method reverses the order of the elements of the list. Do NOT use
recursion to implement either of these operations. pls write program in c++ thanx
Solution
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Node{ //class node
public:
string data;
Node* next;
void SetData(string aData) { data = aData; };
void SetNext(Node* aNext) { next = aNext; };
};
class List{ //class list
Node *head;
public:
List() { head = NULL; };
void addElement(string data);
void removeElement(string data);
int isEmpty(Node* temp);
int size();
void print();
void sort();
void reverse();
};
int List::isEmpty(Node* temp){ //method to check whether list is empty or not
if(temp!=NULL)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
void List::addElement(string data){ //method to add
Node* newNode=new Node();
newNode->SetData(data);
newNode->SetNext(NULL);
Node* temp=head;
if(temp!=NULL)
{
while(temp->next!=NULL)
{temp=temp->next;}
temp->next=newNode;
}
else
head=newNode;
}
void List::removeElement(string data){ //method for delete
Node* temp=head;
Node *prev=head;
if(isEmpty(temp)==1)
{//prev=temp;
while(temp!=NULL)
{
if(temp->data==data)
{prev->next=temp->next;
temp->next=NULL;
}
else
{prev=temp;
temp=temp->next;
}
}
}
else
cout<<\"Nothing to delete as linked list is empty \"<next;
}
}
return count;
}
void List::print(){ //method for print
Node* temp=head;
if(isEmpty(temp)==1){
while(temp!=NULL)
{
cout<data<<\" \";
temp=temp->next;
}
}
}
int main()
{
List list;
list.addElement(\"anshu\");
list.addElement(\"anurag\");
list.addElement(\"how\");
list.addElement(\"are\");
list.addElement(\"you?\");
int count=list.size();
cout<<\"size of the linked list= \"<.
Write a Java program that calculates the distance between two points.pdf
Write a Java program that calculates the distance between two points when a user types the
coordinates.
Solution
DistBetPoints.java
import java.util.Scanner;//package for keyboard inputting
//distance = square root of [(a2-a1)squared + (b2-b1)squared]
public class DistBetPoints
{//main class
static double distance(double a1, double b1, double a2, double b2)
{
return Math.sqrt((a2-a1)*(a2-a1) + (b2-b1)*(b2-b1));
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ //main function
double a2, a1, b2, b1;
double distance;
Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter the x coordinate for point 1: \");
a1 = scan.nextDouble();//keyboard inputting
System.out.println(\"Enter the y coordinate for point 1: \");
b1 = scan.nextDouble();//keyboard inputting
System.out.println(\"Enter the x coordinate for point 2: \");
a2 = scan.nextDouble();//keyboard inputting
System.out.println(\"Enter the y coordinate for point 2: \");
b2 = scan.nextDouble();//keyboard inputting
distance = distance(a1,b1,a2,b2);//calling function
System.out.println(\"The distance between the two points is \" + distance + \" .\");
}
}
output
Enter the x coordinate for point 1:
0
Enter the y coordinate for point 1:
0
Enter the x coordinate for point 2:
2
Enter the y coordinate for point 2:
2
The distance between the two points is 2.8284271247461903 ..
Which of the following light waves has the most amount of energyH.pdf
Which of the following light waves has the most amount of energy?
High frequency
Low frequency
long wavelength
light speed
Solution
At low frequency ,light waves show High amount of energy.
The different types of raditions present in light energy ,found in the photons. Photons are the
pockets of light energy. Radio waves have photons with low energy,microwave photons have
little more energy than radio waves, ..
What is the wobble position What is the consequence of its pres.pdf
What is the \'wobble\' position? What is the consequence of its presence?
Solution
Answer : During intercation between mRNA/codons and tRNA/anticodons, The third base of the
codon and the first base of the anticodon constitutes the wobble position.
Wobble Allows Some tRNAs to Recognize More than One Codon. This is due to the fact that
strict watson and crick base pairing rules applies only to the first two bases of the codon where as
third base tRNA can recognise more than one codon..
What is an advantage of having homologous chromosomes (compared to h.pdf
What is an advantage of having homologous chromosomes (compared to haploid cells that only
have a single copy of each gene)?
Solution
Humans, including many other organisms contain a double set of chromosomes in their genetic
material. The purpose and benefits of having a homologus chromosomes can be discussed as
below:
Thus, the above given explanations represent the benefits of having a homologous pair of
chromosomes in diploid organisms over haploids..
What are oncogenic viruses Which of the following groups of viruses.pdf
What are oncogenic viruses? Which of the following groups of viruses are most likely to be
oncogenic? Circle all that apply. Retroviruses (single stranded RNA + reverse transcriptase)
Double stranded RNA viruses Single-stranded DNA viruses Double-stranded DNA viruses
Solution
5a)IOncogenic vrisuses are the viruses which are usually suspected of causing cancer humans
and animals .The Examples is human papillomaviruses
b) a and b because retrovirus and double stranded DNA are oncogenic here..
Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept rel.pdf
Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept relies on:
a. offspring.
phenotype.
physiology.
behavior.
a. offspring.b.
phenotype.c.
physiology.d.
behavior.
Solution
B). Phenotype
Biological species concept (BSC): According to the biological species concept, a biological
species is the one in which, organisms can have interbreeding and produce the viable offspring.
In contrast, the morphospecies concept relies on phenotype. The species are grouped according
to the similarities in their morphological features..
1.) Which macronutrient do we consume in large amounts, but which we.pdf
1.) Which macronutrient do we consume in large amounts, but which we don\'t use for energy
stores?
a.) Lipid
b.) Protein
c.) Carbohydrate
d.) Minerals
2.) There are no essential _________.
a.) amino acids
b.) fatty acids
c.) carbohydrates
d.) minerals
e.) vitamins
Solution
1). b). Protein
Proteins are taken in large quantities but are not used as direct energy stores. The primary
function of proteins is not energy production, they are the structural elements of muscles and
many other cellular structures. In the absence of carbohydrates and lipids, proteins are
breakdown to derive energy.
We generally take carbohydrates in higher quantities, excess glucose is stored as glycogen. But
glycogen is not the long term energy storage because glucose is water soluble. Lipids are water-
insoluble and they serve as long-term energy stores.
2). c.) carbohydrates
Essential nutrients are those that must be taken through food to meet the body\'s metabolic
requirements. No particular carbohydrate is considered essential..
11.1.2 Entered Answer Preview 28 28 128 128 At least one of the an.pdf
11.1.2 Entered Answer Preview 28 28 1/28 1/28 At least one of the answers above is NOT
correct (1 pt ind an equation for the parabola that has its vertex at the origin and focus F(0,7) f
your answer is in the form r2 Ay, then input here: A 28 if your answer is in the form y E Ar, then
input here A 1/28 Result correct In Correct
Solution
Please see for the given information, we get parabola as x^2=Ay, so x^2=28y is only answer for
this problem..
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to and returns blood t.pdf
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to and returns blood to the body organs, night
atrium lungs, right atrium lungs: left atrium body organs: left atrium lungs, right ventricle All of
the vessel names below refer to both an artery and a vein except femoral. gonadal. radial.
axillary. basilica. The common iliac artery branches off of the inferior vena cava. abdominal
aorta thoracic aorta. celiac trunk. pulmonary trunk. After ending the aim. the axillary artery
becomes the artery. radial ulnar brachial subclavian digital the vein is a superficial vein that
ascends along the medial side of the forearm. radial ulnar cephalic basilica brachial
Solution
Answers
4. A body organs , right atrium
System circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle , through the arteries , to the
capillaries in the tissues of the body . From the tissue capillaries the deoxygenated blood returns
through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart .
5. E. basilic
6. B . Abdominal aorta
The Abdominal aorta divides to form the common iliac arteries in the lower abdomen , and these
vessels supply blood to the pelvic organs , glutenal region and legs . Each common iliac artery
descends a short distance and divides into an internal and an external branch.
7. C. Brachial
8. D. Basilic
The basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and
forearm . It originated on the medial (ulnar ) side of the dorsal venous network of the hand and
travels up the Base of the forearm , where it\'s course is generally visible through the skin or it
travels in the subcutaneous fat and fascia lying superficial to the muscle ..
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