ABSTRACT ; This research study explored the aspects of different Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
(ALDMs)such as Home-Based/Modular Learning, the Blended Learning and Online Class Learning for
utilization of Secondary Social Studies Teachers aimed to address teaching pedagogies in the new normal. It
also focused on ascertaining the preferred support from their school on ALDMs. The respondents were the
Junior and Senior Social Studies teachers from Secondary Schools of Zone 2, DepEd, Division of Zambales,
Philippines. It was conducted during the second quarter of the school year 2020-2021. The research study is
descriptive and quantitative in its analysis. The Social Studies teachers are very much ready in ALDM mainly
on Home-Based/Modular Learning. The Social Studies teachers strongly agreed that they preferred to be
supported on ALDMs primarily on technological infrastructures and trainings and seminars. Specifically, the
teachers aimed and needs to be more familiar on the guidelines of blended learning utilization inside the
classroom and the need to be supplied with sufficient, strong and stable Internet bandwidth or speed. The
analysis of variance result revealed a significant difference in the perceived readiness/preparedness in the
ALDMs.
KEYWORDS: Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities, Home-Based/Modular Learning, Blended Learning,
Online Class Learning, Secondary Social Studies Teachers, COVID19 Pandemic
READING COMPREHENSION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF GRADE SEVENSTUDENTS: A MI...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the extent of students‟
reading comprehension and problem solving skills and identify teaching strategies that would address the
problem in teaching problem solving in Mathematics. The research utilized mixed explanatory design. The
subject consists of 189 grade 7 students who were part of the general section enrolled at Davao City National
High School. Purposive sampling was used in identifying the respondents taking the reading comprehension test
and problem solving test while random sampling was used in identifying participants for the key informant
interview. The result of the study revealed that students reading comprehension and problem solving skills were
at developing level. Moreover, reading comprehension skill was a predictor of problem solving skill. This
means that students‟ problem solving skill is dependent on their reading skills. Results also showed from the
conducted focus group discussion that students gave importance to vocabulary and main idea in learning
problem solving. Furthermore, using differentiated instruction was the identified best teaching strategy to
understand problem solving.
PREPARING STUDENT TEACHERS TO TEACH WITH TECHNOLOGY: CASE STUDIES IN FINLAND ...IJITE
This quantitative study examines the training of student teachers for ICT-based teaching in two teacher education institution, in Israel and Finland. The data was collected in 2015-2017 using a questionnaire administered to 41 Finnish and 44 Israeli student teachers. The results show that most student teachers had practice in ICT-based teaching. However, about a third of student teachers in both institutions practiced only two times or less using ICT. Those who practiced mostly used a teacher-centred approach as did their college and school mentor teachers who integrated ICT in their lessons. The variable describing competency in ICT-based teaching correlated with student teachers' attitudes, the number of ICT-based lessons they taught, modelling by the school mentor teacher, and the various schools’ infrastructures and support. The results show that students in Israeli institutions are better prepared to teach with ICT which can be explained by the impact of the latest national reforms. We conclude that students' perception of their TPACK is the function of a variety of factors: on a personal level (attitudes towards the contribution of ICT to teaching and learning); on an institutional level (curriculum, modelling by faculty, institutional strategies); on a field practice school level (modelling by school mentors, infrastructure, pedagogical, technological, and administrative support); and on a national level (reforms and their implementation models). All these factors must be considered to promote the pedagogically innovative integration of ICT in teacher training and the overall education system. The best strategy to achieve this goal is to support collaboration between TEIs and schools on the national level. Wide-scale implementation of ICT in teaching demands significant investments in infrastructure and training. Hence much of its success depends on the national vision and priorities given to this purpose.
This exploratory study was aimed at evaluating a module on the basis of the constructivist learning strategies to enhance the students’ motivation in Statistics learning. The design and development followed the Universal Design of Learning principles. The design included flexible instructional materials, techniques, and strategies for differentiating instruction which benefited the students of English Education Department taking the Statistics course. The study used a survey covering of 33 students. The students’ and teacher’ responses to questionnaires revealed that the students’ motivation and satisfaction increased toward the Statistics course in which Universal Design of Learning using various means of representation, action, and engagement was applied. It also suggested that the module was effective and that the Universal Design of Learning Model from the learners’ viewpoint put more emphasis on instruction. Its content was suitable in designing and developing module on Statistics in the higher educational context in Indonesia. The study results are expected to reveal information on how to further improve the Statistics teaching and learning quality. The implications of the research are provided along with suggestions.
PERCEPTIONS OF ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN B...IJITE
This paper explores a sample of data collected from a UNICEF Eastern Caribbean rapid assessment on teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. The primary investigation method was mixed and captured data from key participants/stakeholders in education using CAPI Technology and Video Conferencing tools. Statistical analyses and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted to report on findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Nvivo Qualitative Software. The data on online teaching and learning from Barbados was selected for further review and presented an opportunity to assess the Barbadian experience against other developing and developed countries. In assessing these perceptions in a sample of primary and secondary schools, stakeholders were generally dissatisfied with the online and blended learning modalities citing challenges relating to the equality and equity in access to devices and the enabling environment that facilities effective online teaching and learning.
READING COMPREHENSION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF GRADE SEVENSTUDENTS: A MI...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the extent of students‟
reading comprehension and problem solving skills and identify teaching strategies that would address the
problem in teaching problem solving in Mathematics. The research utilized mixed explanatory design. The
subject consists of 189 grade 7 students who were part of the general section enrolled at Davao City National
High School. Purposive sampling was used in identifying the respondents taking the reading comprehension test
and problem solving test while random sampling was used in identifying participants for the key informant
interview. The result of the study revealed that students reading comprehension and problem solving skills were
at developing level. Moreover, reading comprehension skill was a predictor of problem solving skill. This
means that students‟ problem solving skill is dependent on their reading skills. Results also showed from the
conducted focus group discussion that students gave importance to vocabulary and main idea in learning
problem solving. Furthermore, using differentiated instruction was the identified best teaching strategy to
understand problem solving.
PREPARING STUDENT TEACHERS TO TEACH WITH TECHNOLOGY: CASE STUDIES IN FINLAND ...IJITE
This quantitative study examines the training of student teachers for ICT-based teaching in two teacher education institution, in Israel and Finland. The data was collected in 2015-2017 using a questionnaire administered to 41 Finnish and 44 Israeli student teachers. The results show that most student teachers had practice in ICT-based teaching. However, about a third of student teachers in both institutions practiced only two times or less using ICT. Those who practiced mostly used a teacher-centred approach as did their college and school mentor teachers who integrated ICT in their lessons. The variable describing competency in ICT-based teaching correlated with student teachers' attitudes, the number of ICT-based lessons they taught, modelling by the school mentor teacher, and the various schools’ infrastructures and support. The results show that students in Israeli institutions are better prepared to teach with ICT which can be explained by the impact of the latest national reforms. We conclude that students' perception of their TPACK is the function of a variety of factors: on a personal level (attitudes towards the contribution of ICT to teaching and learning); on an institutional level (curriculum, modelling by faculty, institutional strategies); on a field practice school level (modelling by school mentors, infrastructure, pedagogical, technological, and administrative support); and on a national level (reforms and their implementation models). All these factors must be considered to promote the pedagogically innovative integration of ICT in teacher training and the overall education system. The best strategy to achieve this goal is to support collaboration between TEIs and schools on the national level. Wide-scale implementation of ICT in teaching demands significant investments in infrastructure and training. Hence much of its success depends on the national vision and priorities given to this purpose.
This exploratory study was aimed at evaluating a module on the basis of the constructivist learning strategies to enhance the students’ motivation in Statistics learning. The design and development followed the Universal Design of Learning principles. The design included flexible instructional materials, techniques, and strategies for differentiating instruction which benefited the students of English Education Department taking the Statistics course. The study used a survey covering of 33 students. The students’ and teacher’ responses to questionnaires revealed that the students’ motivation and satisfaction increased toward the Statistics course in which Universal Design of Learning using various means of representation, action, and engagement was applied. It also suggested that the module was effective and that the Universal Design of Learning Model from the learners’ viewpoint put more emphasis on instruction. Its content was suitable in designing and developing module on Statistics in the higher educational context in Indonesia. The study results are expected to reveal information on how to further improve the Statistics teaching and learning quality. The implications of the research are provided along with suggestions.
PERCEPTIONS OF ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN B...IJITE
This paper explores a sample of data collected from a UNICEF Eastern Caribbean rapid assessment on teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. The primary investigation method was mixed and captured data from key participants/stakeholders in education using CAPI Technology and Video Conferencing tools. Statistical analyses and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted to report on findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Nvivo Qualitative Software. The data on online teaching and learning from Barbados was selected for further review and presented an opportunity to assess the Barbadian experience against other developing and developed countries. In assessing these perceptions in a sample of primary and secondary schools, stakeholders were generally dissatisfied with the online and blended learning modalities citing challenges relating to the equality and equity in access to devices and the enabling environment that facilities effective online teaching and learning.
COVID-19 and Disruption in Management and Education Academics: Bibliometric M...faisalpiliang1
COVID-19, What to do now? This issue has had devastating effects in all domains of society
worldwide. Lockdowns, the lack of freedom and social distancing meant the closure of a country’s
entire activity. Having effects at all levels, beside incalculable ones in health, it is argued that scientific
activity in education, business, economics and management suffered some of the most drastic impacts
of this pandemic. This study aims to map the scientific literature in these areas in the context of
COVID-19 and analyze its content through bibliometrics, which made it possible to highlight the
scarcity of studies on the topic, namely empirical studies on the effects of this pandemic on scientific
research and teaching/education. The results show there is a lack of peer-reviewed publications on
this topic, with the studies covered (93) via the threads used revealing only 28 articles coming within
the proposed objective. The bibliometrics corroborates that shortage. Finally, the contributions and
implications for theory and practice are presented, followed by the limitations and suggestions for
future research.
The research examined the effectiveness of activities collaborative group poster strategy and on academic achievement of senior secondary school students on genetics concept in Dawakin-kudu Educational Zone Kano State, Nigeria. The study has three research objectives guided by three research questions and three hypotheses.
this presentation will help the science administrators and enthusiasts to understand the curriculum of the Science, technology, Engineering and Mathematics in the Philippines.
The purpose of this research is to know the teaching material condition in classes and the need of PBL-based on civic education; to know the development of PBL-based civic education; to know the effectiveness of PBLbased civic education for fourth-grade students of elementary school as textbooks to improve students’ civic knowledge. This book is written based on PBL syntax as a student learning activity. The method of this research uses Borg and Gall techniques modified by Sukmadinata which consists of three namely preliminary study, product development, and product effectiveness test. The result of this research is the necessary analysis on preliminary study. It shows that the civic material based on PBL is needed in the teaching learning process as a companion book. The validation result in product development trials indicates appropriateness. In the effectiveness experiment shows that there are differences and get it if the development between pre-test and posttest in the experiment class is more than control class. Therefore, the teaching material civic education is highly effective to improve the civic knowledge of students.
STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT LEARNING CAPACITY, ORIENTATIONS, AND ENGAGEMENT ON THEI...RayRudolfPastrana1
The study determined the influence of independent learning capacity, orientations, and engagement on the academic performance in Science of senior high school students in selected secondary schools in San Miguel, Bulacan during the second semester of school year 2021-2022.
COVID-19 and Disruption in Management and Education Academics: Bibliometric M...faisalpiliang1
COVID-19, What to do now? This issue has had devastating effects in all domains of society
worldwide. Lockdowns, the lack of freedom and social distancing meant the closure of a country’s
entire activity. Having effects at all levels, beside incalculable ones in health, it is argued that scientific
activity in education, business, economics and management suffered some of the most drastic impacts
of this pandemic. This study aims to map the scientific literature in these areas in the context of
COVID-19 and analyze its content through bibliometrics, which made it possible to highlight the
scarcity of studies on the topic, namely empirical studies on the effects of this pandemic on scientific
research and teaching/education. The results show there is a lack of peer-reviewed publications on
this topic, with the studies covered (93) via the threads used revealing only 28 articles coming within
the proposed objective. The bibliometrics corroborates that shortage. Finally, the contributions and
implications for theory and practice are presented, followed by the limitations and suggestions for
future research.
The research examined the effectiveness of activities collaborative group poster strategy and on academic achievement of senior secondary school students on genetics concept in Dawakin-kudu Educational Zone Kano State, Nigeria. The study has three research objectives guided by three research questions and three hypotheses.
this presentation will help the science administrators and enthusiasts to understand the curriculum of the Science, technology, Engineering and Mathematics in the Philippines.
The purpose of this research is to know the teaching material condition in classes and the need of PBL-based on civic education; to know the development of PBL-based civic education; to know the effectiveness of PBLbased civic education for fourth-grade students of elementary school as textbooks to improve students’ civic knowledge. This book is written based on PBL syntax as a student learning activity. The method of this research uses Borg and Gall techniques modified by Sukmadinata which consists of three namely preliminary study, product development, and product effectiveness test. The result of this research is the necessary analysis on preliminary study. It shows that the civic material based on PBL is needed in the teaching learning process as a companion book. The validation result in product development trials indicates appropriateness. In the effectiveness experiment shows that there are differences and get it if the development between pre-test and posttest in the experiment class is more than control class. Therefore, the teaching material civic education is highly effective to improve the civic knowledge of students.
STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT LEARNING CAPACITY, ORIENTATIONS, AND ENGAGEMENT ON THEI...RayRudolfPastrana1
The study determined the influence of independent learning capacity, orientations, and engagement on the academic performance in Science of senior high school students in selected secondary schools in San Miguel, Bulacan during the second semester of school year 2021-2022.
The goal of the study was to explore the scope of parental participation in junior high school education, particularly in the asynchronous modality. Specifically, parents’ perspectives, challenges, and contributions to children’s education were probed. Using social constructivism as a worldview, the study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design. Research participants comprised ten parents of junior high school students who were purposely selected based on the inclusion criteria as well as the appropriate ethical protocols of consent, anonymity, and confidentiality. Key informant interviews were conducted in the first quarter of 2022 in Barangay Colorado, Digos City. Three themes that describe the parents’ perceptions of the new normal education system were identified through thematic analysis of the qualitative data, including; saddening due to difficulty, requiring a positive attitude, and necessitating a positive change in attitude and mentality. The challenges faced by parents can be thematically described as; becoming passive, disinterest in studies, and constraints and limitations. Lastly, for the contributions given by the parents to their children’s studies under asynchronous distance learning, the themes are; reinforcing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, giving support, and constructing a support system. It is hoped that these findings may be relevant for DepEd’s implementation of the self-learning modules.| Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Online Learning Readiness of Secondary School Teachers towards Flexible and B...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Online learning is a challenging concept that ensures education is catered through
technological channels. This descriptive research aimed to understand readiness of teachers as they implement
teaching using flexible and blended learning as basis for an education strategy especially in this COVID-19
pandemic. The respondents were 232 selected secondary teachers in the province of Camarines Norte. The result
showed that there are 20 percent who are prepared for online teaching and most have gadgets/devices to be able
to perform their online role as teachers. However, 80 percent of respondents have issues especially along the
financial implication of flexible/blended learning as internet is quite costly in the Philippines and technological
gadgets are expensive. The study recommends training, planning, and restructuring towards strengthening
technology utilization, access, and resource generation for better delivery of education. It draws implications on
developing better key strategies in building smart ways and reducing challenges in online education.
KEYWORDS : COVID-19, Educational strategies, ICT integration, teaching modality
Teachers’ Experiences in the Implementation of Modular Distance LearningAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:The continuity of learning in this time of pandemic brought challenges to many countries. This
so called “Education in the New Normal” brought new teaching experiences for teachers. This study aimed to
narrate the teachers‟ experiences in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning. Findings revealed that
teachers in Modular Distance Learning performs a variety of function such as preparing and distributing
modules, tracking learner‟s progress and doing a lot of paper works and need upskilling to manage this learning
modality.Teachers adjust in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning through adjusting their new
routine. Monitoring and evaluating learner‟s progress and delivering quality instruction are the difficulties that
teachers experienced in shifting from face-to-face into Modular Distance Learning and the key factors that
challenged the implementation of Modular Distance Learning are the availability of quality resource materials
and attainment of learning competencies. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends
simplification of modules and provide and deliver adequate supply of ready-made modules on time. There is a
need to strengthen the communication between teachers, parents and learners.
KEYWORDS –Experiences, Modular Distance Learning, Modules, Pandemic, Teachers,
This research aimed to explore the current conditions, problems, and needs in the implementation of inclusive education, to examine the best model of the implementation of inclusive education and to investigate the effectiveness of the inclusive education model. This research was mixed method researchs which was conducted in three stages. Stage one was exploring the current conditions, problems, and the needs on inclusive education implementation. Stage two was formulating an inclusive education learning model and stage three was determining the efficiency of the inclusive education model. Findings reveal that students and learning are the biggest obstacle in implementing inclusive education, while management, students, and learning are the most important factors to be considered in implementing inclusive education model. Based on the findings, the whole school inclusive education model was developed which consisted of three stages namely input, process, and output. It was suggested that during the implementation of this model collaboration should be emphasized.
Dynamic Learning Program for Millennial Learnersijtsrd
This research determined the effectiveness of Dynamic Learning Program for the six science process skills of our Grade 9 millennial learners of Soom Integrated School, Trinidad, Bohol, Philippines. These six science process skills are observing, communicating, classifying, inferring, measuring and predicting. Fifty three students were the respondents of the study and quasi experimental method was used. To determine the significant mean difference, z test was used. The target topics of the experiment were the three modules of the third grading period Volcanoes, Climate and Constellation. Findings revealed that Dynamic Learning Program helped students obtain higher academic performance in science, thus the six science process skills were enhanced and developed. Post test data rejected the null hypothesis there was a significant difference between the pre test and post test scores of the student. An enriched Dynamic Learning Program was designed to address the issue on low performance in science subject. Jenny P. Manatad "Dynamic Learning Program for Millennial Learners" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31740.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/31740/dynamic-learning-program-for-millennial-learners/jenny-p-manatad
COMPARING VIRTUAL LEARNING TECHNIQUES UPON TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND STUDENT ...IJITE
With divergent educational processes brought forth through the unforeseen circumstances such as a
global pandemic, students have become obligated to pursue virtual means towards obtaining their
education. Therefore, this study seeks to review the different formats of virtual learning processes and
methodologies that are currently made available to students based on student and user perception and
technology adoption efforts. Through comparative analysis efforts identifying synchronous, hybrid and
asynchronous virtual educational standards across multiple publications and understanding technology
acceptance models (TAM) and theories such as perceived usefulness, it is understood that virtual learning
efforts which pursue an asynchronous methodology are more comparable in contrast other formats.
INNOVATION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This is descriptive research employed quantitative and qualitative elements as it explored the
innovations implemented and the administrative support provided among the senior high school science teachers
in Castilla, Sorsogon Philippines. The study obtained data from the thirty purposively selected Senior High
School Science Teachers through interview and survey and were analyzed and interpreted using simple statistics
like frequency count, percentage, and ranking as well as thematic analysis and presented using tables and
narratives. The study revealed innovations in terms of teaching strategies which include:“Modified Group
Dynamics-based on online games characters, robots (acting out) use in groupings and role playing” , “Memesbased Picture Analysis”, and “Social media-based Teaching Strategy using Likes, Shares, Comments”.; in
terms of LearningAssessment, the minimal innovations include; Modified 4 pics 1-word, (role playing,
contest/games), Projects with social media integration (posting of projects in their Social Media accounts/class
FB pages), and Adapted Online learning applications (kahoot.com). alongSchool Management of and
Projects linkages to some international private advocacy organization eg.Intervida and Green Valey were
revealed. There were minimal administrative support to innovations related activities: along Facilities and
Equipment, Sources of Fund, Capability-building activities, and Rewards and Incentives. The innovations
made students view their learning activities as; “Active and engaging”, “Motivating and insightful”, and
“Going beyond the minimum”.
KEYWORDS :Innovations, Senior High School Science Teachers, Teaching Strategies, Learning Assessment,
School Management of projects.
Factors affecting the quality of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic from...eraser Juan José Calderón
"Factors affecting the quality of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of higher education students." de Elumalai, K. V., Sankar, J. P., R, K., John, J. A., Menon, N., Alqahtani, M. S. N., & Abumelha. M. A. (2020).
This literature review is focused on the rallying cry in the transition to post-pandemic education in the Philippines. The country experienced a series of lockdowns that catapulted prolonged closures of school premises for more than eighteen months and was considered the last country to reopen. As steps to conduct and resume limited in-person classes, selected schools have led the priming for the gradual transition, but the implications of readapting educational landscapes remain an emerging challenge to be dealt with. To delimit the discussion of educational reviews, subtopics were articulated, these are: 1) Integration of Health in Education; 2) Hybrid Learning; 3) Online Learning Space; 4) Assessment and Evaluation Methods; and 5) Enhancing Data Security. This paper reiterates the recalibration of curriculum from the basic and the higher institutions, the campaign for proactive thinking of curriculum planners as well as the underscore of insights that the online and hybrid learning will be mainstay imperative as the country adjusts and awaits the ebbing of the COVID-19.
The Adoption of Online Teaching and Learning strategy in Tertiary Learning In...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:The teaching and learning process has been a big revolution since Corona Virus Disease 19
(COVID-19) has spread out to the world. This paper assessed adoption of Online Teaching and Learning in the
Midst of COVID-19 in Tertiary Learning Institutions in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined readiness
level of students and teachers on the practices of online teaching and learning strategy during COVID-19 and
lock down; the attitude of students towards online teaching and learning; and online teaching and learning
facilities in Tertiary Learning Institutions in Tanzania. A case study research design was adopted while a sample
of 87 respondents was selected using judgemental sampling technique. Data was collected through a
questionnaire tool while descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that57.5% of
students were ready to learn though online services. On other hand the findings revealed that college
management and staff were not ready to adopt online teaching and learning strategy. The reluctant of staffs
were caused by inadequate online learning resources, incapability of staff, and absence of policies and
guidelines issued by government on application of online teaching and learning programs. The study concludes
that although there was high degree of readiness of students and internet accessibility, the adoption of online
teaching and learning strategy was impossible due to inadequate facilities. Therefore, the study recommend to
the government to establish and issue the policies and guidelines about the application of online teaching and
learning technologies.
Key words: Online Teaching and Learning, Tertiary Learning Institutions, COVID-19, Online learning
facilities.
Similar to Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDM) of Secondary Social Studies Teachers: Addressing the New Normal Teaching Pedagogies (20)
The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to test, analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of
institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
MGA ESTRATEHIYA SA PAGTUTURO KAUGNAY SA PASALITANG PARTISIPASYON NG MGA MAG-A...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay mahalagang kasangkapan sa paghahatid ng mabisang
pagtuturo sa loob ng silid. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral na ito ang antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagsasadula,
pangkatang talakayan at paggawa ng mga koneksyon sa tunay na karanasan sa buhay bilang mga estratehiya sa
pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino at pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral sa Baitang 7 ng Misamis
University Junior High School, Ozamiz City. Ang ginamit na disenyo sa pananaliksik na ito ay deskriptivcorrelational. Ang mga datos sa pag-aaral ay nagmula sa kabuuang populasyon na 120 na mag-aaral at tatlong
mga guro na tagamasid sa pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral. Ang Talatanungan sa Kagamitan sa
Pagtuturo ng Panitikan at Checklist batay sa Obserbasyon sa Pasalita na Partisipasyon ay ang instrumentong
ginamit sa pagkalap ng datos. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance at Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ang mga ginamit na estatistiko na sangkap. Inihayag sa naging resulta na ang tatlong piling
estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino ay may pinakamataas na antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral.
Ang antas ng pakilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng tatlong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ay
pinakamataas na nagpapahiwatig na aktibong nakilahok ang mga mag-aaral sa mga gawain. Inihayag din na
walang makabuluhang kaibahan sa antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
panitikan sa Filipino. Ito ay nangahulugan na gustong-gusto ng mga mag-aaral ang pagkakaroon ng mga
estratehiya sa pagtuturo. Walang makabuluhang kaugnayan ang kagustuhan sa mga estratehiya at antas ng
pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral. Hindi nakaapekto sa kanilang pakikilahok ang anumang estratehiyang ginamit ng
guro.
KEYWORDS : estratehiya, karanasan, pagsasadula, pagtuturo, pangkatang talakayan
The Role of the Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Throughout my studies and teaching English in different language centers and higher studies
institutions, I have come to conclude that students consider Reading comprehension as a nightmare that
frightens them and hinders their language acquisition in the Moroccan EFL Context. This may cause them to
develop an internal psychological obstacle that grows as their lack of the necessary instruments or tools to
overcome are not equipped with. They become lost and unaware about or unfamiliar with the necessary reading
comprehension strategies that could help them to face the problem of misunderstanding or non-understanding
of English texts. Respectively, this article which is only one part of my whole study aims at showing the effect
of teaching reading strategies in enhancing the S1 students‟ familiarity with reading strategies and raising their
frequency use. A sample of 283 University students in EFL context have been chosen randomly and have
attended the usual academic reading classes, yet only 76 are subject to this survey. 38 of them constitute the
experimental group who have attended the treatment regularly in one of the language centers and the other 38
participants are chosen randomly from the whole population to constitute the Control group. They all have
Psychosocial Factors and Deviant Behaviors of Children in Conflict with the L...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to determine the relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant
behaviors among children in conflict with the law (CICL) inDavao Region. The researchers want to discover the
prevalent factors thatdrive these children to their behaviors. Further, the study sought to determinethe
manifestation of psychosocial factors in terms of life satisfaction, emotionalsupport, self-esteem, and personality
traits. The study's data came from N-83children in conflict with the law (CICL) at the Regional Rehabilitation
Center forYouth (RRCY) in Bago Oshiro, Davao City; all respondents are male. This studyused a total
enumeration sampling technique due to the relatively smallpopulation size. The researchers adapted the
Psychosocial surveyquestionnaires by Zabriskie & Ward (2013) and by John and Srivastava (1999)as well as the
Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) by Sanches et al. (2016).Through the use of a validated questionnaire,
the mean and standard deviationare determined. The researchers modified this questionnaire and translated itinto
the respondents' mother tongue (Cebuano) for them to comprehend itbetter. The study discovered no significant
relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant behaviors of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in
theDavao Region
KEYWORDS :Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), deviant behaviors, psychosocial factors
Entropy: A Join between Science and Mind-SocietyAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Entropy is join, intersection and interaction between natural science and human mind-society.
We proposed that if internal interactions exist in isolated systems, entropy decrease will be possible for this
system. Management in system is a typical internal interaction within the isolated system. The purpose of
management is to use regulating the internal interactions within the system, and to decrease the increasing
entropy spontaneously. We propose the principle of social civilization and the developing direction is: freedom
of thought, rule of action. Both combinations should be a peaceful revision and improvement of social rules and
laws. Different countries and nations, different religions and beliefs should coexist peacefully and compete
peacefully. The evolution of human society must be coevolution. Its foundation is the evolution of the human
heart and the human nature.
KEYWORDS: entropy, science, society, management, mind, evolution.
A Model of Disaster Resilience Among Colleges and Universities: A Mixed Metho...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research paper aimed to create a comprehensive framework for measuring disaster
resilience in colleges and universities. The study used a mixed method through Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA), which involved analyzing data from a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on
in-depth interviews with 12 selected participants from the University of Mindanao, as well as relevant literature
and studies. It was reviewed and validated by 10 experts using a method called Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
This questionnaire was then administered to 400 students from 10 different colleges in University of Mindanao.
After conducting the Exploratory Factor Analysis and performing rotations and iterations, the researchers
identified five main constructs that characterize disaster resilience among colleges (1) disaster preparedness, (2)
disaster awareness, (3) community readiness, and (4) disaster management, (5) disaster resilience. The
researchers aimed to create an organization called “Council of College Disaster Volunteers (CCDV)” which
consist of student volunteers. These factors can be used to develop effective management strategies and
strengthen efforts in preventing and managing disasters and accidents.
KEYWORDS:content validity ratio, criminology, disaster resilience, disaster management, exploratory factor
analysis, and Philippines.
Environmental Struggles and Justice Among Lumad Farmers of Davao CityAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study described the various environmental struggles experienced among the participants
and their status in accessing justice. The study followed a qualitative multiple-case study approach; the
participants are the Lumad farmers of Marilog, Davao City selected through a Critical sampling method and
aims to present the environmental violations experienced by the Lumad farmers in Davao City and how it
affected their families and sustenance further, their status in accessing justice is also explored. The study
concluded that the most common struggles the participant experience are Illegal logging and improper waste
disposal, which affect their farms, family, health, and income. Their preferred means to accessing justice is
through barangay settlement; the rigors of accessing courts, such as distance, expenses, fear of ruling, and the
hassle of being called to be present in court, are the most prevalent barriers that hinder the lead farmers from
accessing justice or seeking legal action. Nevertheless, the participants believed that the government would help
them in accessing justice.
KEYWORDS :access to justice, criminology,environmental justice, environmental struggles, lumadfarmers
CYBERBULLYING EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the cyberbullying experiences among Criminology students at the
University of Mindanao. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the study's online
questionnaire to the respondents and to survey the target population. This study has four hundred (400)
respondents, and the respondents are Criminology students at the University of Mindanao. The findings of this
study revealed that the level of cyberbullying experiences is sometimes manifested. On the other hand, the
cyberbullying experiences of the students indicate a moderate level, which indicates that the cyberbullying
experiences of the respondents are sometimes manifested. Also, the computations showed that among the
indicators presented, the highest mean is obtained in the psychological effect, which implies that there is a
significant effect of cyberbullying experiences of the respondents in terms of the Gender level of the
respondents. Therefore, respondents with a low level of cyberbullying experiences tend to have a moderate level
of cyberbullying experience. However, there is no significant effect in terms of age and year level of the
respondents according to the results regarding the psychological, emotional, and physical impact of
cyberbullying.
KEYWORDS :cyberbullying, emotional, experiences, psychological,physical effect, and simple random
sampling method.
A philosophical ontogenetic standpoint on superego role in human mind formationAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: One of the most significant contributions of psychoanalysis to understand the human being is the
elaboration of a model about the mind from a topical and dynamic perspective. Freud explains the mind by the
constitution of the preconscious, conscious, and subconscious. Later, by three dynamic components: the id, the
ego and the superego. Such an organization of the psychic apparatus supposes not only individual elements, but
social influences along the process of hominization. In this paper, we recover the findings of the renowned
anthropologist Lewis Morgan, trying to link some of them to the psychoanalytic theory. Especially highlighting
the importance of superego in Haidt’s social intuitionism.
Keywords: evolutionism, intuitionism, psychoanalysis, Freud, Haidt, Morgan
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of ForgivenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of Forgiveness.
The two variables are regarded to have influence on the decision one makes to forgive another. The study aimed
at examining the relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness, empathy and forgiveness
and to identify which one of the two,Psychological Empowerment or Empathy, is the more powerful predictor of
forgiveness. The study took a survey design with a sample of 350 drawn from a population of university students
using a self-administered questionnaire with four sections: Personal information, Psychological empowerment
scale, Toronto Empathy questionnaire, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Data analysis employed
Pearson’s product moment correlation and regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results show significant
relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness as well as empathy and forgiveness.
Empathy was found to be the more powerful predictor of forgiveness.
KEY WORDS: Psychological empowerment, empathy, forgiveness
Exploring The Dimensions and Dynamics of Felt Obligation: A Bibliometric Anal...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTARCT: This study presents, to our knowledge, the first bibliometric analysis focusing on the concept of
"felt obligation," examining 120 articles published between 1986 and 2024. The aim of the study is to deepen our
understanding of the existing knowledge in the field of "felt obligation" and to provide guidance for further
research. The analysis is centered around the authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of the articles. The
findings highlight prominent researchers in this field, leading universities, and influential journals. Particularly,
it is identified that China plays a leading role in "felt obligation" research. The analysis of keywords emphasizes
the thematic focuses of these studies and provides a roadmap for future research. Finally, various
recommendations are presented to deepen the knowledge in this area and promote applied research. This study
serves as a foundation to expand and advance the understanding of "felt obligation" in the field.
KEYWORDS: Felt Obligation, Bibliometric Analysis, Research Trends
Les autorités traditionnelles et l’administration coloniale au Tchad : 1900-1960AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : In Africa, traditionalauthorities are the guardians of tradition. Recently, however, they have
been caughtbetween tradition and modernity in the exercise of political power in Chad. However, we are
witnessing the revival of chieftaincy and the hybridization of the politicalpowersexercisedwithinit. In this
cohabitation of powers, traditionalauthorityisescapingitsrole as guardian of tradition.
Traditionalauthorityisthereforepresented in itscurrent state, as a proxy for the modern state in traditional
administrative districts. The aim of thisstudyis to analyze the mutations and adaptability of
traditionalauthorityfrom the pre-colonialperiodthrough the colonial period to the post-colonial period. This
workanalyzes the mutations of authorities. The data collected and processedrevealthattraditionalauthorities have
survivedalmosteverywhere, the former chiefdomsdissolvedduringcolonization have been restored by
republicanheads of state, while more and more frequently civil servants, businessmen, academics and
othermembers of the literateelite, whopreviouslyhad no attraction for the position of traditionalchief, are
beingenthroned.
Key words:Authorities, Administration, colonization, Chad, Kanem.
A Conceptual Analysis of Correlates of Domestic Violence and Adolescent Risky...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores domestic violence and how it influences adolescent risky behavior.
Domestic violence is a devastating social problem resulting in significant and enduring effects on children,
threatening both their health and emotional well-being. The study aimed at examining the relationships between
domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem, psychological
Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem and Selfregulation, Self-Regulation and Adolescent Risky Behavior and identify the stronger predictor of self-regulation
between psychological empowerment and Self-esteem. Adolescent respondents who experienced domestic
violence were purposely selected and guided by teachers and administrators who had provided support to these
children.The questionnaire had six sections namely; personal information, the Child Exposure to Domestic
Violence Scale, the Psychological empowerment scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory, and the Brief
Self-Control Scale. Data analysis employed Pearson's product-moment correlation (r) to test hypotheses 1,
2,3,4,5, and 6. Regression analysis was used for hypothesis 7.The results show a significant relationship
between domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem,
psychological Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem
and Self-regulation, Self-Regulation, and Adolescent Risky Behavior. The study documents that Psychological
empowerment is a stronger predictor of self-regulation than Self-esteem.
KEYWORDS:Domestic violence, psychological empowerment, self-regulation, and Adolescent risky behavior
Driving Sustainable Competitive Advantage Through an Innovative Aggregator Bu...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of the aggregation business model on
Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). Through a survey of 216 MSMEs in the creative economy sector
selected randomly using an ex post facto causal research approach, an overview of the aggregator business
model and its impact on financial resources and SCA was obtained. The aggregator business model plays a role
in facilitating increased access to financial resources to meet both available and required working capital for
realizing SCA in Malang's Lokanima area. The strength of ABM lies in understanding the resources needed for
SCA and the effectiveness of mobilizing services while considering the most cost-effective options, including
providing various alternatives in their provision. Financial resources are an important factor supporting the
achievement of SCA. Access to financial resources is key to facilitating business growth and sustainability.
Theoretical implications: The concept of the aggregator business model emphasizes the efficient and effective
collection, aggregation, and distribution of resources in connecting service providers with consumers in an
economical and efficient manner. Practical implications: ABM can enhance the performance of financial
resource provision by optimizing relationships with MSMEs and financial institutions, leading to business
growth and sustainability for MSMEs.
KEYWORDS -Aggregator Business, Creative Economy, Financial Resources, Sustainable Competitive
Advantage
Accuracy of ChatGPT for Basic Values of Trigonometric FunctionsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study analyzes the accuracy of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence model based on GPT3.5, in determining the values of basic trigonometric functions. To this end, we examine ChatGPT's responses to
sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent values for a wide range of angles. We compare the results provided by
ChatGPT with the accuracy values determined by basic trigonometry. We also explore differences in accuracy
depending on changes in question complexity and given context. The results show a high level of accuracy of
ChatGPT in determining the values of trigonometric functions, especially for common angles. However, it is
noted that accuracy may be affected in certain cases of extreme angles or complex questions. This analysis
provides an important representation of ChatGPT's capabilities in the field of mathematics, using a new method
for testing the accuracy of artificial intelligence models in determining trigonometric values.
Keywords -Accuracy, AI Model, ChatGPT, Trigonometric Functions, Trigonometry
Postmodern Marketing and Its Impact on Traditional Marketing Approaches: Is K...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The essay discusses the concept of postmodern marketing and its impact on marketing theory
and practice. It explores the characteristics of postmodernism, including openness, tolerance, hyper-reality,
fragmentation, and the lack of clear boundaries, and how they challenge traditional marketing approaches. The
paper also looks at the contributions of postmodern marketing to consumer and marketing research and how it
has redefined the way we think about marketing as a science. Ultimately, it raises the question of whether and
how marketing should adapt itself to the new conditions brought about by postmodernism.
KEYWORDS :Postmodernism, Postmodern Marketing, Kotler, Marketing Theory, Postmodern Consumer
Reorientation of Health Service Governance Toward the Fulfillment of Social J...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Health insurance is a human right. At the practical level, this health insurance program in
Indonesia is organized by BPJS Kesehatan (Social Security Administering Body for Health). The
implementation of BPJS Kesehatan is still not optimal and effective. Three problems are discussed in this
writing: the dynamics of health insurance governance in Indonesia, the implementation of the fulfillment of the
right to health by BPJS Kesehatan, and the reorientation of BPJS Kesehatan services toward social justice.
These problems are then answered by scientific research methods using a sociological juridical approach.
Complaintsoften occur regarding the regulations, the services provided by the health facility providers, and the
distance between the community and the health facilities. Such complaints affect the public interest in becoming
BPJS Kesehatan participants. The aforementioned conditions must be considered and evaluated for the
government's success in the aspired national health insurance plan.
KEYWORDS -BPJS Kesehatan, Health Insurance, Social Justice
“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
Sport et vieillissement : une analyse de la pratique des activités physiques ...AJHSSR Journal
Abstract : The aim of thispaperis to report on the effects of physicalactivity and sport on the health of older
people. Based on a mixed-methodsapproach, several techniques, namelydocumentaryanalysis and semistructured interviews, wereused in thisresearch in order to obtain a range of data thatwasavailable, accessible
and relevant to the subjectunderstudy. This enabled us to arrive at the resultsaccording to which the
stakeholders' perceptions of theirhealth are based on the practice of physicalactivities and sport as a social
construct in a socio-cultural context. Older people see sport as a way of curingillnesses, but above all as a way
of givingtheir bodies vitality. Othersseeit as a way of reinvigoratingthemselvesafter retirement.
Key words: Ageing, Physical activities, Sports activities, Elderly people.
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
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Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
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Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
The WhatsPump Pseudonym Problem and the Hilarious Downfall of Artificial Enga...
Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDM) of Secondary Social Studies Teachers: Addressing the New Normal Teaching Pedagogies
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2021
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 90
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN :2378-703X
Volume-5, Issue-6, pp-90-99
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDM) of Secondary
Social Studies Teachers: Addressing the New Normal Teaching
Pedagogies
1
JELYN D. CALIMLIM, 2
MARIE FE D. DE GUZMAN,
3
ROY N. VILLALOBOS
1
Zambales National High School, Iba, Zambales, Philippines
2,3
Graduate School, President Ramon Magsaysay State University, Iba, Zambales, Philippines
ABSTRACT ; This research study explored the aspects of different Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
(ALDMs)such as Home-Based/Modular Learning, the Blended Learning and Online Class Learning for
utilization of Secondary Social Studies Teachers aimed to address teaching pedagogies in the new normal. It
also focused on ascertaining the preferred support from their school on ALDMs. The respondents were the
Junior and Senior Social Studies teachers from Secondary Schools of Zone 2, DepEd, Division of Zambales,
Philippines. It was conducted during the second quarter of the school year 2020-2021. The research study is
descriptive and quantitative in its analysis. The Social Studies teachers are very much ready in ALDM mainly
on Home-Based/Modular Learning. The Social Studies teachers strongly agreed that they preferred to be
supported on ALDMs primarily on technological infrastructures and trainings and seminars. Specifically, the
teachers aimed and needs to be more familiar on the guidelines of blended learning utilization inside the
classroom and the need to be supplied with sufficient, strong and stable Internet bandwidth or speed. The
analysis of variance result revealed a significant difference in the perceived readiness/preparedness in the
ALDMs.
KEYWORDS: Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities, Home-Based/Modular Learning, Blended Learning,
Online Class Learning, Secondary Social Studies Teachers, COVID19 Pandemic
I. INTRODUCTION
The outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic across the world has profoundly altered almost all aspects of life,
including education, and Indonesia has not been an exception to these changes. The difficulty of handling the
outbreak from spreading more widely has made world leaders develop super-strict rules so that the chain of the
spread of COVID-19 can be broken. Some standards that the World Health Organization (2019) has
recommended, such as social distancing and physical distancing, have created difficult choices for each country
to implement. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2020) stated that changes in
learning systems force schools to implement distance education or online learning, e-learning, distance
education, correspondence education, flexible learning, and massive open online courses.
Widespread school closures in 2020 have led to considerable discussion about the need to ensure continuity in
teaching and learning (Reimers&Schleicher, 2020). Advice about remote pedagogy has varied from place to
place. A key point of difference is the extent to which online learning has been promoted (Reimers&Schleicher,
2020). Schooling will never be the same again. Schooling has always been done through face-to-face delivery
mode, sometimes in tandem with online learning, for some who can afford the technology, connectivity and
knowledge requirements. Rasmitadila, et al., 2020) found that educators shifted quickly to distance learning and
provided a variety of supports, but they indicated needing additional resources.
Considering that the conduct of classes in schools pose great risks to students under the current condition, it is
understandable that parents are heavily worried with schooling as earlier defined and schools need to offer them
feasible options for instructional delivery. The Department of Education (DepEd) recognize the need to provide
undisrupted opportunities for learning to students despite the COVID19 pandemic and have correspondingly
made statements on the need for flexible/alternative delivery mechanisms for implementing their programs.
2. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2021
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 91
Article XIV, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution mandates the State to establish and maintain, a system of free
public education in the elementary and high school levels.” The novelty of the COVID-19 emergency equally
calls for a novel approach to the delivery of basic education in the public school system, in which social or
physical distancing is indispensable to health and safety (Department of Education SulongEdukalidad,
2020).With the restrictions imposed by the new normal, the Philippine educational system requires responsive
legal frameworks and support. The Plan features an adjusted curriculum with the Most Essential Learning
Competencies, which will be delivered in multiple learning delivery modalities. These multiple learning
delivery modalities necessitate the creation, reproduction, distribution, and use of learning resources consisting
of intellectual properties. (Department of Education SulongEdukalidad, 2020). The constitutional right to access
quality education and as stated in Republic Act No. 10533, otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013,” calls for inclusive, quality, learner-oriented education that addresses the various needs and
diversity of learners. Thus, the prevailing digital divide in the country, the various socio-economic situations of
families which affect the provision of learning support in the home, and the peculiar needs of learners shall be
taken into account, along with the needs of the majority and mainstream learners. The rights to access and to
quality education shall be upheld.
The development of teaching delivery modalities and materials require time, effort and focus from a teachers.
Teachers must align the instructional objectives with the context of teaching in a new learning environment
(Rachmadtullah, et al., 2020). Teachers can modify instruction using a pedagogical approach that suits students‟
interests and cognitive abilities (Guo& Li, 2020). Social Studies teachers have the tasks and responsibilities that
are not easily transferrable when they must change from the face-to-face learning system in the classroom to
distance learning that have never been implemented before. Teachers must overcome all the education problems
that occur in this present health crisis responsively so that the learning continues to achieve the targets set. There
is a need to determine if the Social Studies teachers‟ knowledge and understanding on Alternative Learning
Delivery Modalities (ALDMs) are adequate, their readiness on the different delivery modalities are outstanding
and their needs for support from their school are raised and addressed.
The Social Studies teachers are in need of continuous professional development and resources/tools to be able to
provide to their learners the education that they deserve. These are resources which can support teachers or more
generally augmenting their capacity to support learners now learning more independently and at home, rather
than at school. The learners would benefit from this research directly because complete, adequate system of
education are continuously offered to them. The results of the study would give School Administrators and
Curriculum Planners imperative evidences on the concerns raised such readiness and their teachers preferred
support on the utilization of different alternative learning delivery modalities. They will be more responsive on
these issues in as much as these are from the perceptions of people from the grassroots.
II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The research study explored aspects of Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs) for utilization of
Secondary Social Studies Teachers of Zone 2, Division of Zambales, Philippines aimed to address teaching
pedagogies in the new normal during the COVID19 pandemic for the school year 2020-2021.
Specifically, the research study answered the following research questions:
1. To what extent the teacher-respondents are ready of the following Alternative Learning Delivery
Modalities (ALDMs)?
1.1 Home-Based/Modular Learning;
1.2 The Blended Learning; and
1.3 Online Class Learning.
2. How may the teacher-respondents wanted to be prepared and supported by their school on ALDMs
in terms of:
2.1 Trainings and Seminars; and
2.2 Technological Infrastructures?
3. Is there a significant difference in the perceived readiness/preparedness the Alternative Learning
Delivery Modalities (ALDMs)?
4. Is there a significant difference in the preferred support from their school on Alternative Learning
Delivery Modalities (ALDMs)?
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research utilized a descriptive research design. Descriptive method of research employs the process of
disciplined inquiry through the gathering and analysis of empirical data, and each attempts to develop
knowledge (Schmidt, Cogan &Houang, 2015). Descriptive research is devoted to the gathering of information
about prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose of description and interpretation (Xu, Grant & Ward,
3. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2021
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 92
2016). In this study, the descriptive quantitative analysis focused on ascertaining the level of
readiness/preparedness on the utilization of ALDMs and preferred support from their school on ALDMs. The
respondents of the research study were the Social Studies (AralingPanlipunan) teachers from the Junior and
Senior High Schools (National and Integrated Schools) at Zone 2, Division of Zambales. A total population of
one hundred and eight (108) Social Studies teachers employed in the twelve (12) schools of Zone 2 were the
respondents of the research study.
The main instrument of the research study was a survey questionnaire. The items/indicators of the questionnaire
were based and patterned from International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) (2020), Department of
Education SulongEdukalidad (2020), and Kintu& Zhu &Kagambe (2018). The survey questionnaire of the
present study had two parts. First part appraised the readiness of the ALDMs each with 10 items/indicators.
Teachers answered from the scale ranging from 4 (Very Much Ready), 3 (Moderately Ready), 2 (Fairly Ready)
and 1 (Not Ready). The second part identified the support needed by the teachers from their respective school as
regard to ALDM. This part had 15 indicators. Answers of the respondents are within a scale ranging from 4
(Strongly Agree), 3 (Moderately Agree), 2 (Disagree) and 1 (Strongly Disagree).The instrument in its first draft
was presented to the panel of oral examiner for research of President Ramon Magsaysay state University
(PRMSU) Graduate School, Iba, Zambales. All noted discrepancies were taken into consideration in the
finalization of the questionnaire. To further ensure the validity, reliability, clarity and clearness of the item
indicators, the researcher conducted a pilot test among Junior and Senior High Social Studies teachers of
Cabangan National High School.
First step which was undertaken in the process of data collection or the conduct of distribution of survey
questionnaire to the teacher-respondents is to secure a written permit and/or endorsement from the Schools
Division Superintendent of DepEd Division of Zambales. After which, the researcher sought the permission and
assistance of the School Principals/Heads of the Public Secondary School of Zone 2 to administer the survey
questionnaire to all Social Studies teachers under their supervision. The administration of the instrument was
conducted on the second week of December 2020 and the instruments were retrieved immediately. For a smooth
administration of the survey instrument, the objectives of the study were discussed to the teacher-respondents
and their responses were treated with utmost confidentiality. Since this research study is quantitative in nature,
percentage, frequency distribution, weighted mean and analysis of variance were the statistical tools used to
analyze the data gathered.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Perceived Readiness/Preparedness on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs)
1.1 Home-Based/Modular Learning
Table 1 presents the perceived readiness/preparedness on Home-Based Modular Learningof the Social
Studies teacher-respondents.
Table 1: Perceived Readiness/Preparedness on Home-Based Modular Learning
Home-Based/Modular Learning
I’m prepared and ready to…..
Weighted
Mean
Qualitative
Rating
Rank
1. …write a good title with clear, concise, and that
reflects the content.
3.43 Very Much
Ready
3
2. …write an overview that serves as the introduction
scope and rationale of the module
3.37 Very Much
Ready
8.5
3. …state learning objectives that explain the
knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be taught.
3.44 Very Much
Ready
2
4. …organize materials from simple to complex and
limited to the „need to know‟ (vital) information.
3.38 Very Much
Ready
7
5. …provide opportunities for students to pursue topics
in depth.
3.45 Very Much
Ready
1
6. ..include and insert pictures, diagrams, and
illustrations that may help clarify the information
3.42 Very Much
Ready
4
7. …include exercises and hands-on activities that the
learners should engage in.
3.39 Very Much
Ready
5.5
8. …emphasize critical thinking and the “why” in the
topics being presented.
3.39 Very Much
Ready
5.5
9. …construct self-check test, exercise, or other means
of assessing learning outcomes.
3.37 Very Much
Ready
8.5
10. …identify and list of books used in preparing the 3.36 Very Much 10
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module or other materials for further understanding of
the lesson presented.
Ready
Overall Weighted Mean 3.40 Very Much Ready
The Social Studies teachers perceived that they were Very Much Ready on indicator 5, provide
opportunities for students to pursue topics in depth (WM=3.45, rank 1); and indicator 3, state learning objectives
that explain the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be taught (WM=3.44, rank 2). The Social Studies teacher-
respondents were very much ready on particular elements of Home-Based/Modular Learning such as providing
learning modules which allows opportunities for students to pursue topics in depth and presenting the content
and performance standards (objectives) containing targeted the knowledge to be acquired by the student, the
skills expected by the students to develop, and attitudes to be taught. Teachers in Social Studies need to have
and to utilize modules with appropriate set of learning opportunities organized around a well - defined topic,
activities, and evaluation. Galanida‟s (2016) paper showed that the teachers should consider and be able to
identify the individual differences among the learners which necessitate the planning for adoption of the most
appropriate teaching techniques in order to help them grow and develop at her/his own pace. Ambayon (2020)
stressed the importance of assessing the modules by the teachers and the students to be acceptable, valid,
reliable, and usable.
Indicator 10, identify and list of books used in preparing the module or other materials for further
understanding of the lesson presented (WM=3.36 rank 10) obtained the least weighted means and were
interpreted as moderately ready. The teachers of the present study need to be ready in identifying, selecting and
utilizing resources, references and other instructional packages to be able to make a more reliable and usable
learning module. Ambayon‟s (2020) article revealed that instructional packages and books are needed in the
first phase of module preparation and writing aimed for further understanding of the lesson presented. Cheng
&Abu Bakar (2017) on the other hand, focused learning module content that allows depth of coverage of
contents and gives the lecturers and students the
The overall weighted mean was 3.40 with qualitative rating of Very Much Ready.
1.2 The Blended Learning
Table 2 presents the perceived readiness/preparedness on Blended Learning of the Social Studies
teacher-respondents.
Table 2 : Perceived Readiness/Preparedness on Blended Learning
The Blended Learning
I’m prepared and ready to make/arrange…..
Weighted
Mean
Qualitative
Rating
Rank
1. …Station Rotation model classroom within set periods
of time
2.95 Moderately
Ready
8
2. …Lab Rotation classrooms that appear to be computer
labs
2.92 Moderately
Ready
9
3. …Flipped Classroom for online, asynchronously and
off-site
2.90 Moderately
Ready
10
4. …Individual Rotation with individualized schedule
for student
3.01 Moderately
Ready
6
5. …Shared Classroom that foster collaborative learning
community
3.04 Moderately
Ready
3.5
6. …Flex Model which individual and online instruction 3.01 Moderately
Ready
6
7. …Flex Model to allow students to work at their own
pace
3.04 Moderately
Ready
3.5
8. …Self-Blended approaches with student‟s load
primarily online
3.06 Moderately
Ready
1
9. …Self-Blended complemented with traditional
approaches
3.05 Moderately
Ready
2
10. …Enhanced Virtual Model or asynchronous content 3.01 Moderately
Ready
6
Overall Weighted Mean 3.00 Moderately Ready
Indicator 8, self-blended approaches with student‟s load primarily online (WM=3.17, rank 1); and
indicator 9, self-blended complemented with traditional approaches (WM=3.17, rank 2) were the indicators with
highest weighted mean and obtained a qualitative rating of Moderately Ready. The Social Studies teachers
perceived that they were moderately ready in self-blended approach focused on student who engage primarily in
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online and complemented with traditional approaches (e.g., learning module, home learning, self-paced
learning, etc.). Here the Social Studies teachers have to be prepared on the utilization of online instruction, its
advantages and challenges in addition to modular approach. The study of Kintu, Zhu &Kagambe (2018)
recommended that schools should be mindful of the interplay between the learner characteristics, design features
and learning outcomes which are indicators of blended learning effectiveness. Educators should continue to
emphasize blended learning approaches through installation of learning management systems along with strong
internet to enable effective learning through technology. However, Rasmitadila, et al. (2020) stressed that one of
the big challenge is about how users can successfully use the technology and ensuring participants‟ commitment
given the individual learner characteristics and encounters with technology.
Indicator 2, lab rotation classrooms that appear to be computer labs (WM=2.92 rank 9) and indicator 3,
flipped classroom for online, asynchronously and off-site (WM=2.90, rank 10) obtained the least weighted
means and were interpreted as moderately ready. Under the blended learning, the teacher respondents are also
moderately ready in lab rotation classrooms in which classrooms should appear to be computer labs and flipped
classroom for online, asynchronously and off-site. The teacher-respondents are moderately ready to prepare
their classroom for lab rotation and flex model. According to Daniel (2020), a lab rotation environment use
classrooms and what appear to be conventional computer labs. For Kintu, Zhu &Kagambe (2018), teachers
should design lab rotation around individual computer workstations, not for direct instruction. Small group and
team-based modes of instruction may also be used in the classrooms. According to Osgerby (2016), teachers to
be effective in flex model, classroom should emphasize individual, online instruction for the delivery of the
majority of content. The overall weighted mean was 3.00 with qualitative rating of Moderately Ready.
1.3 Online Class Learning
Table 3 presents the perceived readiness/preparedness on Online Class Learning of the Social Studies
teacher-respondents.
Table 3: Perceived Readiness/Preparedness on Online Class Learning
Online Class Learning
I’m prepared and ready to…..
Weighted
Mean
Qualitative
Rating
Rank
1. …access/download to online materials and resources 3.17 Moderately
Ready
1.5
2. …use live streaming tools for online teaching 3.00 Moderately
Ready
8
3. …utilize live streaming teaching using lecture and
discussion
2.97 Moderately
Ready
10
4. …make videos and design online learning activities 2.99 Moderately
Ready
9
5. …utilize online real-time interactive teaching 3.03 Moderately
Ready
6
6. …use online learning platform and interactive tools 3.06 Moderately
Ready
5
7. …use online self-regulated learning with real-time
interactive Q&A
3.01 Moderately
Ready
7
8. …utilize online cooperative learning guided by
teachers
3.10 Moderately
Ready
3
9. …send messages to teachers or peers and students 3.17 Moderately
Ready
1.5
10. …help e-learners feel like participants rather than
isolates
3.09 Moderately
Ready
4
Overall Weighted Mean 3.05 Moderately Ready
The indicators which were perceived by the Social Studies teachers as Moderately Ready were
indicator 1, access/download to online materials and resources and indicator 9, send messages to teachers or
peers and student (WM=3.17, rank 1.5 respectively). In on-line learning, the teacher-respondents perceived they
were moderately ready on activities in sending messages to other teachers or peers and students and in accessing
and downloading online materials and resources needed in teaching Social Studies lessons. Alrefaie,
Hassanien& Al-Hayani (2020) research argued that the success of online learning is collaborative between
teachers, parents, and schools that impact student success. Across the virtual K-12 school sector, the quality
online learning relates to the quality of provision in full-time online education. Tarman (2020) emphasized
teachers‟ mastery on synchronous and asynchronous learning to successful in online course this period of
distance or remote learning during the Pandemic.
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Indicator 4, make videos and design online learning activities (WM=2.99 rank 9) and indicator 3,
utilize live streaming teaching using lecture and discussion (WM=2.97, rank 10) obtained the least weighted
means and were interpreted as moderately ready. The teachers were moderately ready in utilizing live streaming
for their lecture and discussion of Social Studies lessons and in the making of videos and designing e-learning
and online learning activities. Addressing physical design issues, according to McVee (2018), educators should
be also experience in preparing educational video that provides procedural information that can help users
isolate instructional messages. Loera &Mejía (2018) revealed that educational videos are challenging to prepare
(consider the cognitive design issues by combining various modal displays of content), however they play an
important role in encouraging and motivating potential users. On the other hand, according to
Ramadhan&Marwantika (2020), Social Studies learning using e-learning has been applied to schools, especially
in a pandemic like this. Some of the platforms that teachers should know how to employ to support Social
Studies learning with e-learning include Whatsaap, Google Classroom, Microsoft Team, Youtube, etc.
2. Perceived Support to Teachers from School on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs)
2.1 Trainings and Seminars
Table 5 presents the perception on support to Social Studies Teacher as to Trainings and Seminars.
Table 5: Support as to Trainings and Seminars
Trainings & Seminars
To be prepared on ALDMs, I want to be supported
on…
Weighted
Mean
Qualitative
Rating
Rank
1. Training on flexible learning for synchronous session 3.34 Strongly Agree 4
2. Training on flexible learning for asynchronous
sessions
3.36 Strongly Agree 3
3. Training on the use of google tools for teachers 3.31 Strongly Agree 6.5
4. Training on the effective and efficient use of learning
modules
3.31 Strongly Agree 6.5
5. Explore other online distance learning
platform/resources
3.33 Strongly Agree 5
6. Familiarity on the Guidelines of blended learning
utilization
3.39 Strongly Agree 1
7. Conduct of initial evaluation phase of the learning
modules
3.28 Strongly Agree 8
8. Conduct of evaluation to determine the effectiveness
of the learning modules
3.38 Strongly Agree 2
Overall Weighted Mean 3.34 Strongly Agree
The two most agreed and preferred topics the Social Studies teachers for Trainings & Seminars as were
indicator 6, familiarity on the guidelines of blended learning utilization (WM=3.39, rank 1); and indicator 8,
conduct of evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the learning modules (WM=3.38, rank 2). The teacher-
respondents preferred to be supported on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities particularly on the aspect
aimed to be familiar on the guidelines in the utilization of blended learning (rotational model, flex model, the
self-blended approaches, and the enhanced virtual) and determining the effectiveness of learning modules
through the conduct of impact assessment/evaluation (quarterly or annually).
Teachers need to know the variations of blended learning such as rotational, flex, self-blended, and
enhanced virtual (Perkins Eastman Blended Learning Design Guidelines, 2015). For Daniel (2020), school
leaders and teachers need to manage efficiently the blended learning environments; and for Mazuro& Rao
(2019) schools should hire instructional designers and educational technology consultants to assure effective
blended learning supervision.
Indicator 7, conduct of initial evaluation phase of the learning modules (WM=3.28, rank 8) was the
least preferred topic for Trainings & Seminars by the teachers. For the teacher-respondents, the conduct of
initial evaluation of the learning modules may not be considered as a priority since the learning modules
provided by DepEd National and Regional in the First Quarter were already printed and ready available for
distribution during the opening of classes last October 2020. The overall weighted mean was 3.34 with
qualitative rating of Strongly Agree.
2.2 Technological Infrastructures
Table 6 presents the perception on support to Social Studies Teacher to Technological Infrastructures.
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Table 6: Support as to Technological Infrastructures
Technological Infrastructure
To be prepared on ALDMs, I want to be supported
on…
Weighted
Mean
Qualitative
Rating
Rank
1. Effective online learning support platform at school 3.36 Strongly
Agree
5
2. Sufficient qualified technical assistant staff at school 3.34 Strongly
Agree
8
3. Sufficient and availability of computer software 3.38 Strongly
Agree
2.5
4. Classrooms fixtures/equipment for blended learning
designs
3.36 Strongly
Agree
5
5. Provisions of supplies/materials for blended
teaching/learning
3.36 Strongly
Agree
5
6. Materials/resources which can help prepare learning
modules
3.38 Strongly
Agree
2.5
7. Sufficient and available of Internet bandwidth or speed 3.41 Strongly
Agree
1
8. Work flow for distribution and retrieval of self-
learning modules
3.35 Strongly
Agree
7
Overall Weighted Mean 3.37 Strongly Agree
The two Technological Infrastructures support most preferred and strongly agreed by Social Studies
teachers were indicator 7, sufficiency and availability of Internet bandwidth or speed (WM=3.41, rank 1); and
indicator 3, sufficient and available computer software and indicator 6, materials/resources which can help
prepare learning modules (WM=3.38, rank 2.5 respectively). The Social Studies teachers strongly agreed that
they need support to efficiently and effectively use Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities particularly more
importantly and particularly on sufficient and readily available Internet bandwidth/speed; computer software;
and materials/resources which can help them in the preparation of quality learning modules. Sampat&Oommen
(2020) identified that technologies available such as computer, internet access, and learning management system
be secured, provided and formulated for teachers during the remote learning. Alternative delivery mechanisms
should be developed to continue the supply of those critical services and supports (UNICEF & Bender, 2020).
For Reimers&Schleicher (2020), the availability of materials/resources for teachers to learn how to make and
use the digital devices available and modular learning are vital.
Indicator 8, work flow for distribution and retrieval of self-learning modules (WM=3.35 rank 7) and
indicator 2, available of sufficient qualified technical assistant staff at school (WM=3.34, rank 8) were the least
preferred Technological Infrastructures by the teachers. This finding signifies that the Social Studies teachers
may have already planned and devised a work flow for smooth distribution and retrieval of self-learning
modules in every quarter and their respective schools have already available qualified technical assistant staff to
maintain quality technological infrastructures. The overall weighted mean was 3.37 with qualitative rating of
Strongly Agree.
3. Analysis of Variance on the Difference in the Perceived Readiness/Preparedness on the Alternative
Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs)
Table 7 shows the perceived readiness/preparedness on the Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
Table 7 : Difference in the Perceived Readiness/Preparedness on the
Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
Source of Variation Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig. Interpretation
Between Groups 10.177 2 5.089 12.011 0.000 Ho is rejected
Significant
Within Groups 135.992 321 0.424
Total 146.169 323
The sig. value for perceived readiness/preparedness on the Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
(0.000) was lower than (0.01) alpha level of significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is
highly significant difference on the perception of the respondents on thereadiness/preparedness on the ALDMs.
The Social Studies teacher-respondents differ in their insights and understanding of readiness and/or
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preparedness of Home-Based/Modular Learning, the Blended Learning, and Online Class Learning of utilization
during the „new normal‟. The teacher respondents of the study of Singh & Thurman (2019) distinguished
preparedness and planning to be an essential tool for effective teaching. They differ however on the
understanding that teaching is a complex activity that involves careful preparation of different learning
pedagogies and delivery modes.
4. Analysis of Variance on the Difference in the Preferred Support to Teachers from School on
Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs)
Table 8 shows the difference in the preferred support on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities.
Table 8 : Difference in the Preferred Support on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
Source of Variation Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig. Interpretation
Between Groups 0.049 1 0.049 0.100 0.752 Ho is accepted
Not Significant
Within Groups 104.472 214 0.488
Total 104.521 215
The sig. value for perceived support on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (0.000) was lower
than (0.01) alpha level of significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is highly significant
difference on the perception of the respondents on thesupport on ALDMs. The Social Studies teacher-
respondents differ in their perceived needs and support to be able to be more knowledgeable and to be more
ready on Home-Based/Modular Learning, the Blended Learning, and Online Class Learning which can or being
utilized during the „new normal‟ in the Basic Education. Akbaú&Özdemir (2016) revealed that teachers‟
specific task at school contributed to unlike characteristics and knowledge of their professional needs which
they account along with their skills of delivery of teaching and the resources available and their students‟ needs.
V. CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 emergency equally calls for a novel approach to the delivery of basic education in the public
school system in the Philippines. It is necessary for schools to look at different solutions involving educational
resources, materials and technology as this would undoubtedly help them continue with learning delivery and
help educators guide their students through this difficult time.
The Social Studies teachers are Very Much Ready in Alternative Learning Delivery Modality mainly on Home-
Based/Modular Learning. The teachers develop and utilize modules in which the knowledge, skills, and attitudes
to be taught are well stated and explained in the materials‟ learning objectives and the learning materials provide
opportunities for students to pursue topics in depth.However the teachers aremoderately ready in Online Class
Learning and Blended Learning. The teachers are not totally ready on self-blended approaches with online
activities and self-blended features with traditional approaches. Moreover, the teachers are not that skilful on
accessing/downloading to online materials and resources needed during distance/remote learning. The Social
Studies teachers strongly agreed that they preferred to be supported on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities
primarily on Technological Infrastructures and Trainings and Seminars. Specifically, the teachers aimed and
needs to be more familiar on the guidelines of blended learning utilization inside the classroom and the need to
be supplied with sufficient, strong and stable Internet bandwidth or speed.
The analysis of variance calculation revealed a significant difference in the perceived readiness/preparedness in
the Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs).There no significant difference in the teachers‟
preferred support from their school on Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs).
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based from the conclusions of the study, the following recommendations were advanced:
1. Department Heads and School Heads/Principals may conduct teachers‟ Learning Action Cells (LAC)
Sessions, Seminars and Workshops which gives the teachers the opportunities to prepare learning
modules with depth of topics but can be easily learned by the students; on different models/designs
and approaches of Blended Learning appropriate to their Department; and effectively utilize online
learning platform (e.g., online live streaming teaching) and interactive tools.
2. Department Heads and School Heads/Principals may prioritize Trainings, Workshops, LAC Sessions
on Alternative Learning Delivery Modality (ALDM) particularly technical aspect of writing learning
modules and provisions of resources (e.g. books, other references materials) for the preparation of
learning modules (Home-Based/Modular Learning); Lab Rotation classrooms and Flipped classroom
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for online and asynchronous sessions (Blended Learning); making of educational videos
lectures/discussion for live streaming teaching (Online Class Learning).
3. Secondary Schools of DepEd Division of Zambales may prioritize Trainings & Seminars on
Alternative Learning Delivery Modalities (ALDMs) focused on the conduct evaluation usefulness,
usability and effectiveness of learning modules; and familiarity and capability building on blended
learning.
4. Secondary Schools of DepEd Division of Zambales may provide sufficient and availability of
computer software and Internet bandwidth for a more efficient and effective use of e-learning and
on-line learning.
5. Future researchers may conduct a follow up study in other Zones in DepEd Division of Zambales for
validation purpose.
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