ABSTRACT:The continuity of learning in this time of pandemic brought challenges to many countries. This
so called “Education in the New Normal” brought new teaching experiences for teachers. This study aimed to
narrate the teachers‟ experiences in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning. Findings revealed that
teachers in Modular Distance Learning performs a variety of function such as preparing and distributing
modules, tracking learner‟s progress and doing a lot of paper works and need upskilling to manage this learning
modality.Teachers adjust in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning through adjusting their new
routine. Monitoring and evaluating learner‟s progress and delivering quality instruction are the difficulties that
teachers experienced in shifting from face-to-face into Modular Distance Learning and the key factors that
challenged the implementation of Modular Distance Learning are the availability of quality resource materials
and attainment of learning competencies. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends
simplification of modules and provide and deliver adequate supply of ready-made modules on time. There is a
need to strengthen the communication between teachers, parents and learners.
KEYWORDS –Experiences, Modular Distance Learning, Modules, Pandemic, Teachers,
Gateway drugs are substances like cigarettes and alcohol that are legal and widely accepted but can increase a person's risk of using illegal drugs. Cigarettes and alcohol are considered gateway drugs because they are readily available and socially acceptable, leading many people to use them and potentially progress to harder substances. Studies show that a large portion of Filipino teenagers have smoked cigarettes and tobacco-related deaths in the Philippines remain high, indicating that prevention efforts are needed, especially for curious and risk-taking youth.
The document outlines the curriculum guide for Grade 8 English in the Philippines. It covers 4 quarters and includes standards and competencies for various domains of literacy like listening comprehension, oral language, vocabulary, reading, literature, viewing comprehension, writing, and grammar. The focus is on developing communicative competence through understanding Afro-Asian literature and culture. Key areas covered include strategies for comprehending texts, applying grammar rules, enhancing vocabulary, and conducting research.
The document presents a beginner volleyball performance assessment rubric to evaluate students' skills in serving, bump passing, set passing, and teamwork. The rubric contains descriptions of performance levels from 1-4, with 4 being the highest level of performance. Coaches can use the rubric to assess students' skills and provide feedback on areas for improvement.
Faclilities and equipment used for the game basketballJO GALLEGOS
The document describes the facilities and equipment used for basketball. It discusses the basketball court dimensions for international and NBA games. It also describes the backboard, basket net, ball specifications, game clock, scoreboard, and positions of players including point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, and center. The key equipment are the basketball court, backboard with hoop, and basketball. It provides details on court measurements, net dimensions, and roles of each player position.
This document outlines the school policies of the Datu Lipus Makapandong National High School regarding protecting students from various forms of abuse. The school aims to provide a safe environment and ensure special protection for students from all types of abuse and exploitation, pursuant to the Philippine Constitution. The policy defines different types of abuses including child abuse, discrimination, exploitation, violence, bullying, and corporal punishment. It also outlines the scope of individuals covered under the policy, such as students, faculty, visitors and others.
The document provides guidance to teachers on correctly completing common school forms. It discusses the School Register (Form 1), which must be completed by July each year and requires accurate recording of student enrollment, attendance, and ages. It also covers the Teacher's Monthly Report on Enrollment and Attendance (Form 2), Report on Promotion (Form 18-E), Elementary School Permanent Record (Form 137-E), and Pupil's Report Card (Form 138-E), emphasizing the importance of accurate student information and avoiding errors on permanent records.
This document provides information about instrumental music, specifically brass bands, in the Philippines. It discusses the different instrument groups that make up a brass band, including woodwinds like piccolo, clarinet and saxophones, brass instruments like trombone, trumpet and euphonium, and percussion instruments such as cymbals, snare drum, and bass drum. It also explains that brass bands typically perform at fiestas, celebrations, and competitions, playing folk songs, popular music, and dance music to add lively music.
Badminton has a bigger following in the UK than many may realise. It may not rival the dedication that China and Indonesia have for the sport, but there are still thousands of Brits who love nothing more than watching the excitement of a shuttlecock flying around the court.
Gateway drugs are substances like cigarettes and alcohol that are legal and widely accepted but can increase a person's risk of using illegal drugs. Cigarettes and alcohol are considered gateway drugs because they are readily available and socially acceptable, leading many people to use them and potentially progress to harder substances. Studies show that a large portion of Filipino teenagers have smoked cigarettes and tobacco-related deaths in the Philippines remain high, indicating that prevention efforts are needed, especially for curious and risk-taking youth.
The document outlines the curriculum guide for Grade 8 English in the Philippines. It covers 4 quarters and includes standards and competencies for various domains of literacy like listening comprehension, oral language, vocabulary, reading, literature, viewing comprehension, writing, and grammar. The focus is on developing communicative competence through understanding Afro-Asian literature and culture. Key areas covered include strategies for comprehending texts, applying grammar rules, enhancing vocabulary, and conducting research.
The document presents a beginner volleyball performance assessment rubric to evaluate students' skills in serving, bump passing, set passing, and teamwork. The rubric contains descriptions of performance levels from 1-4, with 4 being the highest level of performance. Coaches can use the rubric to assess students' skills and provide feedback on areas for improvement.
Faclilities and equipment used for the game basketballJO GALLEGOS
The document describes the facilities and equipment used for basketball. It discusses the basketball court dimensions for international and NBA games. It also describes the backboard, basket net, ball specifications, game clock, scoreboard, and positions of players including point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, and center. The key equipment are the basketball court, backboard with hoop, and basketball. It provides details on court measurements, net dimensions, and roles of each player position.
This document outlines the school policies of the Datu Lipus Makapandong National High School regarding protecting students from various forms of abuse. The school aims to provide a safe environment and ensure special protection for students from all types of abuse and exploitation, pursuant to the Philippine Constitution. The policy defines different types of abuses including child abuse, discrimination, exploitation, violence, bullying, and corporal punishment. It also outlines the scope of individuals covered under the policy, such as students, faculty, visitors and others.
The document provides guidance to teachers on correctly completing common school forms. It discusses the School Register (Form 1), which must be completed by July each year and requires accurate recording of student enrollment, attendance, and ages. It also covers the Teacher's Monthly Report on Enrollment and Attendance (Form 2), Report on Promotion (Form 18-E), Elementary School Permanent Record (Form 137-E), and Pupil's Report Card (Form 138-E), emphasizing the importance of accurate student information and avoiding errors on permanent records.
This document provides information about instrumental music, specifically brass bands, in the Philippines. It discusses the different instrument groups that make up a brass band, including woodwinds like piccolo, clarinet and saxophones, brass instruments like trombone, trumpet and euphonium, and percussion instruments such as cymbals, snare drum, and bass drum. It also explains that brass bands typically perform at fiestas, celebrations, and competitions, playing folk songs, popular music, and dance music to add lively music.
Badminton has a bigger following in the UK than many may realise. It may not rival the dedication that China and Indonesia have for the sport, but there are still thousands of Brits who love nothing more than watching the excitement of a shuttlecock flying around the court.
This document provides an overview of basketball, including its history, nature, skills, and lead-up games. It discusses how basketball was invented in 1891 and became a popular international sport. The objectives are to discuss basketball's background, demonstrate proper behavior and skills, and understand the health benefits. Key skills covered are shooting, dribbling, passing, rebounding, and running. Several lead-up games are described that teach those skills, such as arch goal ball, basketball dribble relay, and korbball.
The document is a 10 question volleyball questionnaire that tests basic knowledge of volleyball rules and terminology. It asks true/false and multiple choice questions about the number of hits allowed per turn, standard team size, legal hits, scoring an ace, sideouts, standard game points, rally scoring, synonyms for a spike, official court dimensions, and balls crossing the antenna.
Soccer, also known as football, is played between two teams of 11 players on a large grass field with goals at each end. The objective is to score more goals than the opposing team by kicking or heading the ball into the opponent's goal. Soccer originated in England in the 19th century and is now the world's most popular sport. Key equipment includes a regulation size ball, uniforms, shin guards, and a properly sized field with goals and boundary lines. Games are officiated by referees who enforce the rules and signal fouls, out of bounds plays, and other decisions. Common fouls and their penalties are also described.
Indigenous Peoples Education Curriculum FrameworkRey John Rebucas
The document outlines guidelines for an Indigenous Peoples Education curriculum framework in the Philippines. It discusses key topics such as the role of Indigenous teachers, adopting an Indigenous education policy, curriculum design principles focused on Indigenous communities, and integrating Indigenous knowledge and practices into the classroom. The framework aims to provide culturally appropriate education that respects Indigenous communities and empower learners through their cultural identities and knowledge systems.
This document is an individual daily log and accomplishment report for Joan L. Dofitas from the General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School in Cavite, Philippines. It details her work from home from April 25-28, 2023, where she completed grading sheets, contacted students, communicated with her student teacher about lesson plans and activities, and sent home-based activities each day. On April 27, she also attended an LAC session. The document is signed by both Dofitas and her supervisor Melchora C. Sagubio.
Baseball is a ball game played between two teams of nine players on a field with four bases laid out in a diamond shape. Throwing, pitching, fielding, batting, and base running are important skills in baseball. To perform these skills effectively, players must master techniques like grip, stance, stride, swing, wind-up, pivot, and follow-through. Mastering these elements is key to preventing opponents from advancing and helping your team earn runs.
1 2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examinationjhaymz02
This document provides information about the National Career Assessment Examination administered by the Department of Education in the Philippines. It is given to Grade 9 students to assess their aptitudes in various domains and guide their choices for senior high school tracks. The exam measures general scholastic aptitude, occupational interests, and aptitudes for academic, technical, sports, and arts tracks. Results are used for career guidance and may be required for entry to certain tracks like STEM. Exam results are disseminated to students, schools, and stakeholders to guide career and education decisions.
Here are some examples of adaptations and accommodations that can be made for teaching students with special needs:
- Provide modified assignments and assessments that are tailored to students' ability levels. This could include altering length or complexity requirements.
- Use multi-sensory teaching methods that engage both visual and auditory learners, such as showing images and diagrams alongside verbal explanations.
- Break down large assignments into smaller, more manageable tasks with clear deadlines. This helps prevent students from feeling overwhelmed.
- Allow extra time for students to complete tests and assignments, both in and out of the classroom.
- Provide copies of notes or allow students to audio record lessons so they can review material afterwards.
- Se
Gateway Drugs - Risk and Protective FactorsJoshua Baluyot
The document discusses gateway drugs, which are legal drugs like cigarettes and alcohol that non-drug users may try and can lead to using more dangerous drugs like marijuana and methamphetamines. It notes that teenagers who smoke and drink at a young age are more likely to experiment with other drugs. The document provides questions and activities to help guide discussion around gateway drugs and their risks and health effects.
In the first quarter of the school year, the VERSES program decreased the number of learners with low reading comprehension. Teachers, volunteers and stakeholders conducted reading activities using 4B's materials for identified students on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 1-1:20 PM. This resulted in promotion of reading comprehension levels for 23.26% of kindergarten to grade 3 students, 28.57% of grades 4 to 6 students, 17.50% of junior high school students, and 50% of senior high school students. The report was prepared by the SGC secretary and approved by the co-chairpersons.
Detailed Lesson Plan with Authentic Assessment (Sample)Regine Kyle Regida
Future educators need to learn how to create their own lesson plan to prepare for their future profession. This document will show you a sample of a detailed lesson plan with authentic assessment approved by a professional instructor.
Basketball playing regulation and techniqueslee choon wee
The document outlines the basic rules and positions of basketball, describing regulations such as quarters, fouls, timeouts and officials. It explains the positions of point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, and center and their typical roles. Common techniques like shooting, rebounding, passing, dribbling and blocking are also defined.
Clarifying learning goals & standards: rubrics & exemplars David Carless
The document summarizes a presentation on using rubrics and exemplars to support student learning. It discusses key concepts around learning-oriented assessment and defines rubrics and exemplars. Interviews with students found that rubrics were sometimes vague but exemplars were seen as more concrete examples. For rubrics and exemplars to best support learning, students need opportunities to actively engage with them, such as by developing assessment criteria or analyzing exemplar assignments. The quality of teacher-led dialogue when using exemplars is especially important for student understanding of quality.
K TO 12 GRADE 7 LEARNING MODULE IN MUSIC (Q3-Q4)LiGhT ArOhL
This document provides teaching materials for a lesson on Philippine vocal music. The lesson introduces students to two genres: nationalistic songs and love songs. It discusses four compositions as examples: "Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan" by Julio Nakpil, "Lupang Hinirang" by Julian Felipe, "Nasaan Ka Irog?" by Nicanor Abelardo, and "Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal" by Ernani Cuenco. Students will analyze the musical elements, cultural context, and social functions of the songs. They will also perform one of the songs as a group, incorporating singing and dance. The lesson aims to help students understand how these musical
This document contains a 25 question summative test on Philippine indigenous music. It covers various musical styles, instruments, dances and songs from different ethnic groups in the Cordilleras, Mangyan, Palawan and Visayas regions. The test examines student knowledge on topics like Cordillera vocal ensembles, Ifugao gongs, Mangyan instruments, Palawan lyrical poems and Visayan musical forms. Students are required to choose the correct answer for each multiple choice question and write the letter on their answer sheet.
This document discusses the arts and crafts of two regions in the Philippines - MIMAROPA and the Visayas. It provides details on the unique basket weaving traditions of different provinces within these regions, including the Iraya Mangyan people of Mindoro who make intricate grass baskets, and the Tingkop bamboo colanders of Palawan distinguished by their subtle patterns. Various islands like Panay, Bohol, and Cebu are also noted for their woven products made from native plants that reflect their indigenous cultures. Students are tasked to analyze elements of art, list provinces of the two regions, and draw a basket incorporating design principles.
The document discusses the origins and history of baseball and softball. It states that baseball was originally called indoor softball when played inside during winter. Softball was established as its own sport in 1933. Meanwhile, American troops introduced indoor baseball, later called softball, to the Philippines. The Philippines then helped introduce the sport to other Asian countries like Japan and China. The document also provides diagrams labeling the positions of baseball and softball players and diagrams of common equipment used in both sports.
Students will learn about content-based instruction through activities like charades acting out key terms. They will discuss the importance of integrating subjects and define what content-based instruction means. As an assignment, students will create their own lesson plan using content-based instruction and research the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
This document discusses different art forms and artifacts from regions in the Philippines. It provides information on various festivals celebrated in places like Marinduque, Kalibo, and Tacloban City. These include the Moriones Festival, Ati-Atihan Festival, and Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival. The document also describes art forms like ambahan poetry from Mindoro and woven mats from Romblon. Students are tasked to analyze these artifacts and identify their purpose, art form, and use of design elements.
The document summarizes a literature review on teaching and learning processes to enhance teaching effectiveness. It discusses three key findings from the review:
1) Providing positive and developmental feedback as well as introducing role-playing activities have a profound positive impact on student confidence and self-esteem.
2) An active learning environment that promotes inclusivity can improve faculty and student academic performance.
3) Different learning styles must be accommodated, including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners, through a variety of teaching methods like lectures, group work, and hands-on activities.
This document discusses the implementation of modular distance learning in secondary schools in Irosin District I and II in the Philippines due to COVID-19. It aims to analyze the challenges encountered by students, teachers, and parents and identify solutions. The methodology will involve surveys of 70 students, 47 parents, and 35 teachers across 7 schools using questionnaires to understand their experiences and recommendations. Data analysis will use deductive thematic analysis to code and interpret responses. The study aims to help improve distance learning practices and support all stakeholders.
This document provides an overview of basketball, including its history, nature, skills, and lead-up games. It discusses how basketball was invented in 1891 and became a popular international sport. The objectives are to discuss basketball's background, demonstrate proper behavior and skills, and understand the health benefits. Key skills covered are shooting, dribbling, passing, rebounding, and running. Several lead-up games are described that teach those skills, such as arch goal ball, basketball dribble relay, and korbball.
The document is a 10 question volleyball questionnaire that tests basic knowledge of volleyball rules and terminology. It asks true/false and multiple choice questions about the number of hits allowed per turn, standard team size, legal hits, scoring an ace, sideouts, standard game points, rally scoring, synonyms for a spike, official court dimensions, and balls crossing the antenna.
Soccer, also known as football, is played between two teams of 11 players on a large grass field with goals at each end. The objective is to score more goals than the opposing team by kicking or heading the ball into the opponent's goal. Soccer originated in England in the 19th century and is now the world's most popular sport. Key equipment includes a regulation size ball, uniforms, shin guards, and a properly sized field with goals and boundary lines. Games are officiated by referees who enforce the rules and signal fouls, out of bounds plays, and other decisions. Common fouls and their penalties are also described.
Indigenous Peoples Education Curriculum FrameworkRey John Rebucas
The document outlines guidelines for an Indigenous Peoples Education curriculum framework in the Philippines. It discusses key topics such as the role of Indigenous teachers, adopting an Indigenous education policy, curriculum design principles focused on Indigenous communities, and integrating Indigenous knowledge and practices into the classroom. The framework aims to provide culturally appropriate education that respects Indigenous communities and empower learners through their cultural identities and knowledge systems.
This document is an individual daily log and accomplishment report for Joan L. Dofitas from the General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School in Cavite, Philippines. It details her work from home from April 25-28, 2023, where she completed grading sheets, contacted students, communicated with her student teacher about lesson plans and activities, and sent home-based activities each day. On April 27, she also attended an LAC session. The document is signed by both Dofitas and her supervisor Melchora C. Sagubio.
Baseball is a ball game played between two teams of nine players on a field with four bases laid out in a diamond shape. Throwing, pitching, fielding, batting, and base running are important skills in baseball. To perform these skills effectively, players must master techniques like grip, stance, stride, swing, wind-up, pivot, and follow-through. Mastering these elements is key to preventing opponents from advancing and helping your team earn runs.
1 2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examinationjhaymz02
This document provides information about the National Career Assessment Examination administered by the Department of Education in the Philippines. It is given to Grade 9 students to assess their aptitudes in various domains and guide their choices for senior high school tracks. The exam measures general scholastic aptitude, occupational interests, and aptitudes for academic, technical, sports, and arts tracks. Results are used for career guidance and may be required for entry to certain tracks like STEM. Exam results are disseminated to students, schools, and stakeholders to guide career and education decisions.
Here are some examples of adaptations and accommodations that can be made for teaching students with special needs:
- Provide modified assignments and assessments that are tailored to students' ability levels. This could include altering length or complexity requirements.
- Use multi-sensory teaching methods that engage both visual and auditory learners, such as showing images and diagrams alongside verbal explanations.
- Break down large assignments into smaller, more manageable tasks with clear deadlines. This helps prevent students from feeling overwhelmed.
- Allow extra time for students to complete tests and assignments, both in and out of the classroom.
- Provide copies of notes or allow students to audio record lessons so they can review material afterwards.
- Se
Gateway Drugs - Risk and Protective FactorsJoshua Baluyot
The document discusses gateway drugs, which are legal drugs like cigarettes and alcohol that non-drug users may try and can lead to using more dangerous drugs like marijuana and methamphetamines. It notes that teenagers who smoke and drink at a young age are more likely to experiment with other drugs. The document provides questions and activities to help guide discussion around gateway drugs and their risks and health effects.
In the first quarter of the school year, the VERSES program decreased the number of learners with low reading comprehension. Teachers, volunteers and stakeholders conducted reading activities using 4B's materials for identified students on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 1-1:20 PM. This resulted in promotion of reading comprehension levels for 23.26% of kindergarten to grade 3 students, 28.57% of grades 4 to 6 students, 17.50% of junior high school students, and 50% of senior high school students. The report was prepared by the SGC secretary and approved by the co-chairpersons.
Detailed Lesson Plan with Authentic Assessment (Sample)Regine Kyle Regida
Future educators need to learn how to create their own lesson plan to prepare for their future profession. This document will show you a sample of a detailed lesson plan with authentic assessment approved by a professional instructor.
Basketball playing regulation and techniqueslee choon wee
The document outlines the basic rules and positions of basketball, describing regulations such as quarters, fouls, timeouts and officials. It explains the positions of point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, and center and their typical roles. Common techniques like shooting, rebounding, passing, dribbling and blocking are also defined.
Clarifying learning goals & standards: rubrics & exemplars David Carless
The document summarizes a presentation on using rubrics and exemplars to support student learning. It discusses key concepts around learning-oriented assessment and defines rubrics and exemplars. Interviews with students found that rubrics were sometimes vague but exemplars were seen as more concrete examples. For rubrics and exemplars to best support learning, students need opportunities to actively engage with them, such as by developing assessment criteria or analyzing exemplar assignments. The quality of teacher-led dialogue when using exemplars is especially important for student understanding of quality.
K TO 12 GRADE 7 LEARNING MODULE IN MUSIC (Q3-Q4)LiGhT ArOhL
This document provides teaching materials for a lesson on Philippine vocal music. The lesson introduces students to two genres: nationalistic songs and love songs. It discusses four compositions as examples: "Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan" by Julio Nakpil, "Lupang Hinirang" by Julian Felipe, "Nasaan Ka Irog?" by Nicanor Abelardo, and "Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal" by Ernani Cuenco. Students will analyze the musical elements, cultural context, and social functions of the songs. They will also perform one of the songs as a group, incorporating singing and dance. The lesson aims to help students understand how these musical
This document contains a 25 question summative test on Philippine indigenous music. It covers various musical styles, instruments, dances and songs from different ethnic groups in the Cordilleras, Mangyan, Palawan and Visayas regions. The test examines student knowledge on topics like Cordillera vocal ensembles, Ifugao gongs, Mangyan instruments, Palawan lyrical poems and Visayan musical forms. Students are required to choose the correct answer for each multiple choice question and write the letter on their answer sheet.
This document discusses the arts and crafts of two regions in the Philippines - MIMAROPA and the Visayas. It provides details on the unique basket weaving traditions of different provinces within these regions, including the Iraya Mangyan people of Mindoro who make intricate grass baskets, and the Tingkop bamboo colanders of Palawan distinguished by their subtle patterns. Various islands like Panay, Bohol, and Cebu are also noted for their woven products made from native plants that reflect their indigenous cultures. Students are tasked to analyze elements of art, list provinces of the two regions, and draw a basket incorporating design principles.
The document discusses the origins and history of baseball and softball. It states that baseball was originally called indoor softball when played inside during winter. Softball was established as its own sport in 1933. Meanwhile, American troops introduced indoor baseball, later called softball, to the Philippines. The Philippines then helped introduce the sport to other Asian countries like Japan and China. The document also provides diagrams labeling the positions of baseball and softball players and diagrams of common equipment used in both sports.
Students will learn about content-based instruction through activities like charades acting out key terms. They will discuss the importance of integrating subjects and define what content-based instruction means. As an assignment, students will create their own lesson plan using content-based instruction and research the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
This document discusses different art forms and artifacts from regions in the Philippines. It provides information on various festivals celebrated in places like Marinduque, Kalibo, and Tacloban City. These include the Moriones Festival, Ati-Atihan Festival, and Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival. The document also describes art forms like ambahan poetry from Mindoro and woven mats from Romblon. Students are tasked to analyze these artifacts and identify their purpose, art form, and use of design elements.
The document summarizes a literature review on teaching and learning processes to enhance teaching effectiveness. It discusses three key findings from the review:
1) Providing positive and developmental feedback as well as introducing role-playing activities have a profound positive impact on student confidence and self-esteem.
2) An active learning environment that promotes inclusivity can improve faculty and student academic performance.
3) Different learning styles must be accommodated, including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners, through a variety of teaching methods like lectures, group work, and hands-on activities.
This document discusses the implementation of modular distance learning in secondary schools in Irosin District I and II in the Philippines due to COVID-19. It aims to analyze the challenges encountered by students, teachers, and parents and identify solutions. The methodology will involve surveys of 70 students, 47 parents, and 35 teachers across 7 schools using questionnaires to understand their experiences and recommendations. Data analysis will use deductive thematic analysis to code and interpret responses. The study aims to help improve distance learning practices and support all stakeholders.
This study aims to evaluate the educational status of teachers teaching secondary science subjects at Federico A. Estipona Memorial High School amid the implementation of modular distance learning. It seeks to determine the teachers' profiles, challenges in preparing, distributing, collecting, and assessing self-learning modules, as well as their suggested solutions. The researchers will distribute questionnaires to the 16 secondary science teachers and statistically analyze the results to identify how the teachers' profiles affect their performance and recommend improvements to modular distance learning.
STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT LEARNING CAPACITY, ORIENTATIONS, AND ENGAGEMENT ON THEI...RayRudolfPastrana1
The study determined the influence of independent learning capacity, orientations, and engagement on the academic performance in Science of senior high school students in selected secondary schools in San Miguel, Bulacan during the second semester of school year 2021-2022.
An Analysis on the Attitudes of Academic Staff towards Distance Educationinventionjournals
This document analyzes the attitudes of academic staff at Namık Kemal University towards distance education. A survey was administered to 283 of the university's 955 academic staff. The survey found that staff had moderate attitudes towards the positive aspects of distance education, weak attitudes towards the negatives, and high attitudes towards the advantages. Attitudes varied by academic title but not by age or gender. The findings provide insights for establishing a Distance Education Center at the university and increasing awareness of distance education among staff.
The document discusses student engagement and its importance in 21st century learning. It provides definitions of engaged learning and lists indicators of engaged learning developed by scholars. Student engagement is believed to overlap with motivation but also includes positive emotions. The document also summarizes several research studies on measuring student engagement and its relationship to academic outcomes. It proposes several ways to apply learning theories like constructivism, cognitivism and connectivism to improve student engagement through techniques such as using social media, multimedia, mobile devices, and open educational resources.
Enhancing teacher preparation programme to minimize challenges of mentors in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on enhancing teacher preparation programs to minimize challenges faced by mentors. It discusses challenges mentors faced such as lack of guidance for mentees. Interventions like mentor training and weekend meetings were implemented. Data collected before interventions showed issues like absenteeism and lack of materials. After interventions, mentors provided more support like lesson planning assistance. The study aimed to assess mentor roles and implement measures to improve the teacher preparation program effectiveness.
ICT promote autonomy among ESL/EFL learners: myth or reality?engedukamall
Thang, S. M. (2014, September). ICT promote autonomy among ESL/EFL learners: myth or reality?. Paper presented at the meeting of KAMALL Annual Conference 2014, Seoul, Korea.
[Abstract]
There is this general belief that the introduction of Information
Communication Technologies (ICT) into classrooms will foster autonomy
among English as a Second language (ESL) and English as a Foreign language
(EFL) learners and this has led to its rapid proliferation in English language
classrooms in most Asian countries. However, to what extent this claim is true
needs to be carefully investigated and the factors leading to its successful
adoption which culminates in autonomy among ESL/ EFL learners and factors
that resulted in failure in adoption need to be identified and deliberated.
There must be an awareness that that the implementation of technology is
not a “panacea for all ills” and its presence will not magically lead to a boost
in student learning or achievement. Despite the plethora of research
undertaken on effects of ICT on ESL/EFL learners there is still a lot that needs
to be learned as most studies undertaken tend to explore the short-term
effects of ICT on language learning and fail to consider the long term effects.
Autonomy cannot be achieved in a short period of time. Hence there is a need
to look into the long term effects which many research studies fail to do.
According to Holec, (1981) autonomous learning has to do with a person’s
ability to take full responsibility of his or her own learning. That includes the
ability to decide what, when, how and for how long learning should take
place. This involves defining goals and objectives, selecting appropriate
materials, techniques and approaches, and finally evaluating outcomes. How
can ICT help students acquire such skills and what are the teachers’ roles in
the process? This paper will attempt to provide a balance view on the effects
of ICT on language learning and the promotion of autonomy through a review
of relevant literature and research studies. Finally, it will answer the question
posed in the title and in the process offers suggestions on how autonomy can
be successful promoted and fostered in an online environment through the use
of technology. Possible methods that can possibly contribute to the successful
promotion of autonomy in online environment include providing: (1) stimulating and interesting online materials; (2) online programs to develop self-regulated
learning strategies; (3) scaffolding in the form of instruction on resources to use
and guidelines on appropriate path to choose; (4) regular assessment tasks for
students to measure their own progress on an ongoing basis. In addition,
online platforms that offer opportunities for sharing of information and
undertaking of group activities or projects are also good avenues to develop
autonomy. Studies that implement such approaches well as others will be
reviewed and discussed.
The Effect of Discovery Learning Method Application on Increasing Students’ L...iosrjce
Curriculum of 2013 has been started since July 2013 in schools appointed as the implementer. This
study is experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. It aims at discovering whether discovery
learning model implementation could increase student’s listening score and social attitude in accordance with
curriculum of 2013 implementation. The subjects of this study are 37 students of class X IPA 5 Public High
School 2 Jember in their 2nd semester of 2014/2015 academic year. This study concluded that the
implementation of discovery learning model could increase students’ listening score and social attitude, with
significance value of 0,005 (z = -2,823, p < 0,001), with medium effect size for listening score and significance
value of 0,000 (-4,875, p < 0,001), with large effect size for social attitude.
This document summarizes a research article that studied the effectiveness of blended learning in teaching educational psychology to B.Ed trainees. The study used a quasi-experimental design with 100 student trainees randomly assigned to a control or experimental group. The experimental group received instruction through blended learning (combining face-to-face and online methods) while the control group received conventional face-to-face instruction. Results showed that while pre-test scores did not differ between the groups, post-test scores were significantly higher for the experimental group that received blended learning. This suggests that blended learning is more effective than conventional teaching methods at improving achievement in educational psychology among student teachers.
Chokera_Influence of teacher characteristics on pupils academic perfomance i...GeoffreyKashindi1
This document discusses the purpose and objectives of a study on the influence of teacher characteristics on student academic performance in primary schools in Kenya. The study aims to examine how teacher attitudes, demographics, qualifications, and experience influence the performance of 7th and 8th grade students. It provides context on the development of education and teacher training in Kenya. It reviews literature showing that teacher attitudes can impact students through modeling behavior, reinforcement, and observational learning. Positive teacher attitudes that are conveyed through supportive behaviors can encourage students and improve their performance.
Educational technology mdia method in teaching and learning progressAziz Ahmad
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of using educational technology media to teach Jawi script in primary schools in Malaysia. A group of 52 students were taught Jawi both with traditional methods and with educational technology media methods. Test results found that using educational technology media led to a greater improvement in student performance and understanding of Jawi, with over 63% of students increasing their scores, compared to 42% with traditional teaching. The study concludes that educational technology stimulates more effective learning and improves student engagement and interactive learning.
Dynamic Learning Program for Millennial Learnersijtsrd
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the effectiveness of a Dynamic Learning Program (DLP) for improving grade 9 students' science process skills in Trinidad, Bohol, Philippines. 53 students participated in a quasi-experimental study where they took a pre-test before and post-test after learning modules on volcanoes, climate, and constellations using DLP. DLP is centered on student-led, activity-based learning. Results showed students scored significantly higher on post-tests for observing, communicating, classifying, inferring, and predicting skills, indicating DLP helped develop these skills. The study suggests DLP is an effective approach for engaging millennial learners in science by allowing independent, hands-
The learning teaching process has undergone a paradigm shift in recent years. It has shifted from teacher centred to student centred. Hence, the challenge of a teacher has become as to how to cater to the needs of all types of learners in the classroom when their learning styles vary according to their individual needs. Heutagogy is a technique of self-determined learning with practices and principles rooted from andragogy that could be responsible for the developments in higher education. This technique coupled with e-content is an innovative strategy that provides multi-sensory experience to the learners. The learners can visualize the entire content and attain mastery over the topics. In the present study, the e-content on osmosis was developed and given to the tertiary learners for learning. Pre-test and post-test were administered to the samples to ascertain the effectiveness of heutagogy integration into e-content. The results of the study revealed that e-content with heutagogical approach for learners of higher education were effective.
Students perception toward teacher strategykylasamson1
This document summarizes a student research study on student perceptions of teacher strategies and the classroom environment. The study was conducted at Pedro Oloy N. Roa Sr. High School in Cagayan de Oro City. The researchers surveyed 180 randomly selected grade 10 and 11 students. The study aimed to determine if student perceptions were positive or negative, and if perceptions differed by gender or grade level. Results showed that student perceptions of teacher strategies and the classroom environment were overall positive. No significant differences were found between gender or grade level groups.
This document outlines the table of contents for a research proposal on teaching strategies and writing competence of third-year BSED English students. It includes 5 chapters that will cover: an introduction of the problem and background, a review of related literature and studies, the research methodology, results and discussion, and a conclusion with recommendations. Some key points include that teaching strategies are important for helping students learn and avoid weaknesses, and that assessments can help teachers understand how students learn. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education, making e-learning and technology-based strategies more important. The study aims to understand the relationship between teaching strategies used during the pandemic and students' writing competencies.
Post Method Pedagogy in EFL Online LearningND Arisanti
1. The document discusses teachers' perceptions and practices of post-method pedagogy in online English language teaching.
2. It provides an overview of post-method pedagogy, which emphasizes teachers' autonomy and experiences over rigid adherence to methods.
3. The strategies encourage considering students' needs and contexts. They are more flexible than traditional methods and allow teachers to innovate.
The document summarizes a proposed research study on students' perceptions and attitudes towards modular distance learning. The study will focus on students at Sta Barbara Integrated High School who used modular learning during the 2020-2021 school year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire will be used to examine students' demographic characteristics and views on modular learning support services. The results could help administrators and teachers improve modular learning and support students.
This document discusses a study that examined the effects of blended learning models on students' academic achievement and retention in science education. The study used a quasi-experimental design with 120 undergraduate students across six groups. Students in the experimental groups received eight weeks of science instruction using one of six blended learning models: supplemental model, replacement model, emporium model, fully online model, buffet model, or linked workshop model. Students completed pre-tests, post-test I, and post-test II to measure achievement and retention. Statistical analysis found significant differences in mean achievement and retention scores between pre- and post-testing, indicating blended learning models improved students' performance and knowledge retention in science.
Similar to Teachers’ Experiences in the Implementation of Modular Distance Learning (20)
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
Enhancing Losari Beach Exploration: Augmented Reality for Immersive Visualiza...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: South Sulawesi, commonly known as Makassar, boasts rich cultural heritage and customs,
making it a prominent destination for tourism. Among its attractions, Losari beach stands out as a focal point for
visitors seeking to explore the city's natural beauty and cultural offerings. In this context, leveraging modern
technology such as augmented reality presents an innovative approach to showcasing Losari beach to potential
tourists. This research endeavors to introduce tourism assets in a more visually captivating manner through the
use of augmented reality. Utilizing software tools like Unity and Adobe Illustrator, the study focuses on creating
an immersive experience where tourists can interact with virtual representations of Losari beach. By simply
pointing their mobile phone cameras at designated markers or using barcode scanners, tourists can access
augmented reality features embedded within the application. The findings of this research aim to provide
valuable information, particularly for foreign tourists, about Losari beach, positioning it as a compelling
destination within South Sulawesi's diverse array of tourist attractions. Through this technological innovation,
the study seeks to enhance the visibility and appeal of Makassar city's tourism offerings on a global scale.
KEYWORDS: Visualizing, Losari Beach, Augmented Reality
DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF TMALL DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMICAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:China's e-commerce enterprises have developed rapidly, among which Tmall has become one of
the largest retail shopping websites in China.But in the past year, the Covid-19 epidemic has brought a huge
impact to Chinese e-commerce enterprises, and Tmall is no exception.Therefore, the development status of
Tmall in the new crown epidemic situation was analyzed, and the viewpoint was put forward :Tmall1 stabilized
the situation in the face of the epidemic situation and made a very correct countermeasures.The influence of this
epidemic on Tmall was deeply analyzed, and the conclusion was made: the new crown epidemic is both a
challenge and an opportunity forTmall.
KEYWORDS:Tmall; COVID - 19 outbreak ; The electronic commerce
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
The Settlement of Construction Disputes Through Dispute Councils From the Per...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This research differs from the practice of business activity in the construction services industry,
which may lead to construction disputes. The settlement of construction disputes is a consensus based on the
basic principle of debate. If the discussions between the parties do not reach an agreement, the parties may take
measures to resolve the dispute through the dispute council. Because the standard governing the disputes
committee was not fully regulated, they did not comply with the principle of legal certainty. Therefore, further
research was needed to establish a theoretical basis for regulating the disputes committee in settling construction
disputes. This research is a standard legal research using a legal regulatory, conceptual, and comparative
approach. The research results show that the ideal concept of resolving construction disputes through a dispute
council based on the value of legal certainty is to establish that the position of the dispute council is a special
court that has the authority to resolve construction disputes under construction services agreements. To realize
the position of the Court of Disputation as a special court, it must be based on the creation of philosophical
values, the creationof legislative regulations, and the creation of the institutional structure of the Court of
Disputation.
KEYWORDS-Construction Disputes, Dispute Council, Special Court
VALUES OF ORAL LITERATURE IN THE SOCIETY: A STUDY OF FOLKTALES OFOGBA IN RIVE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Oral literature is a creative work of art that portends high merit and has the creative use of
imagination in preliterate societies. It adopts the genres of literature: drama, prose and poetry in the oral milieu,
using performance as its hallmark. It thrives on the use of oral data because of its orality. This paper focuses on
the moral values or oral literature in the society using Ogba as a spring board. The study was carried out in
communities ofOgba. The population of the study consists of ten towns and village, in Ogba. The theoretical
framework used is Dell Hyme’s ethno-poetics because the works of oral literature relate to the society. This
paper concludes that oral literature serves to against all odds; communicate ideas, emotions, beliefs and
appreciation of life. The folktales in Ogba for instance, serve similar purpose through their
rendition/performance. Through the stories, the younger generation in Ogba society is familiarised with the
customs, traditions, and rituals prevalent in the society. This paper therefore recommends the use of oral
literature in all its genres to inculcate moral values and lessons to the teenagers and youths. Against this
background, Ogba (African) themselves must cease to regard oral literature as primitive and fetish.
KEYWORDS: Values, Oral Literature, Society, Ogba, Folktales
Pormalistikong Pagdalumat sa mga Tula ni Ron CanimoAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nilayon ng pag-aaral na ito na masuri ang dalawampung (20) tula ni Ron Canimo gamit ang
pormalistikong dulog batay sa mga sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at
Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e) Diksiyon. Layunin din nitong mataya ang antas ng pagtanggap ng
ginawang pagsusuri gamit ang nabuong instrumento sa pagtataya nito. Sinunod dito ang Input-Process-Output
na balangkas ng pag-aaral at ginamitan ng kwantitatib-deskriptib-ebalwatib na pamamaraan. Sa pamamagitan
ng talatanungang ibinatay sa ginamit ni Morales (2014) na naimodipika ayon sa kahingian ng kasalukuyang
pag-aaral, tatlong (3) gurong eksperto ang nagsilbing tagataya dito na siyang tumiyak sa kahusayan ng nabuong
pagsusuri ng mananaliksik. Gamit ang Content Analysis, natuklasan na makabagong pamamaraan ang istilo na
ginamit ni Ron Canimo sa pagsulat ng mga tula. Lahat ng kanyang mga tula ay walang sinusunod na sukat at
tugma, may iba‟t ibang tayutay at simbolismong ginamit, magkaibang pandama ang pinagana dahil sa mga
imahe at paglalarawang ginawa, iba‟t ibang uri ng pag-ibig ang tinalakay at gumamit ng pormal, impormal o
kumbersasyonal na wika at makabagong istilo sa pagsulat ng tula. Gamit ang mean at standard deviation,
lumabas na “Mataas” ang antas ng pagtanggap sa kabuuan ng mga gurong eksperto na tumaya sa nabuong
pagsusuri. Lumabas din na “Mataas” ang antas ng kanilang pagtanggap sa nabuong pagsusuri batay sa mga
sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e)
Diksiyon. Mula sa natayang pagsusuri at kinalabasan ng antas ng pagtanggap dito, naitala ang mga paksa sa
Junior High School Filipino na maaaring lapatan at gamitan ng nabuong pagsusuri.
KEYWORDS: Kumbensyunal, Pagdalumat, Pormalistiko, Ron Canimo, Tula
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to test, analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of
institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
MGA ESTRATEHIYA SA PAGTUTURO KAUGNAY SA PASALITANG PARTISIPASYON NG MGA MAG-A...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay mahalagang kasangkapan sa paghahatid ng mabisang
pagtuturo sa loob ng silid. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral na ito ang antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagsasadula,
pangkatang talakayan at paggawa ng mga koneksyon sa tunay na karanasan sa buhay bilang mga estratehiya sa
pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino at pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral sa Baitang 7 ng Misamis
University Junior High School, Ozamiz City. Ang ginamit na disenyo sa pananaliksik na ito ay deskriptivcorrelational. Ang mga datos sa pag-aaral ay nagmula sa kabuuang populasyon na 120 na mag-aaral at tatlong
mga guro na tagamasid sa pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral. Ang Talatanungan sa Kagamitan sa
Pagtuturo ng Panitikan at Checklist batay sa Obserbasyon sa Pasalita na Partisipasyon ay ang instrumentong
ginamit sa pagkalap ng datos. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance at Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ang mga ginamit na estatistiko na sangkap. Inihayag sa naging resulta na ang tatlong piling
estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino ay may pinakamataas na antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral.
Ang antas ng pakilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng tatlong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ay
pinakamataas na nagpapahiwatig na aktibong nakilahok ang mga mag-aaral sa mga gawain. Inihayag din na
walang makabuluhang kaibahan sa antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
panitikan sa Filipino. Ito ay nangahulugan na gustong-gusto ng mga mag-aaral ang pagkakaroon ng mga
estratehiya sa pagtuturo. Walang makabuluhang kaugnayan ang kagustuhan sa mga estratehiya at antas ng
pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral. Hindi nakaapekto sa kanilang pakikilahok ang anumang estratehiyang ginamit ng
guro.
KEYWORDS : estratehiya, karanasan, pagsasadula, pagtuturo, pangkatang talakayan
The Role of the Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Throughout my studies and teaching English in different language centers and higher studies
institutions, I have come to conclude that students consider Reading comprehension as a nightmare that
frightens them and hinders their language acquisition in the Moroccan EFL Context. This may cause them to
develop an internal psychological obstacle that grows as their lack of the necessary instruments or tools to
overcome are not equipped with. They become lost and unaware about or unfamiliar with the necessary reading
comprehension strategies that could help them to face the problem of misunderstanding or non-understanding
of English texts. Respectively, this article which is only one part of my whole study aims at showing the effect
of teaching reading strategies in enhancing the S1 students‟ familiarity with reading strategies and raising their
frequency use. A sample of 283 University students in EFL context have been chosen randomly and have
attended the usual academic reading classes, yet only 76 are subject to this survey. 38 of them constitute the
experimental group who have attended the treatment regularly in one of the language centers and the other 38
participants are chosen randomly from the whole population to constitute the Control group. They all have
Psychosocial Factors and Deviant Behaviors of Children in Conflict with the L...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to determine the relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant
behaviors among children in conflict with the law (CICL) inDavao Region. The researchers want to discover the
prevalent factors thatdrive these children to their behaviors. Further, the study sought to determinethe
manifestation of psychosocial factors in terms of life satisfaction, emotionalsupport, self-esteem, and personality
traits. The study's data came from N-83children in conflict with the law (CICL) at the Regional Rehabilitation
Center forYouth (RRCY) in Bago Oshiro, Davao City; all respondents are male. This studyused a total
enumeration sampling technique due to the relatively smallpopulation size. The researchers adapted the
Psychosocial surveyquestionnaires by Zabriskie & Ward (2013) and by John and Srivastava (1999)as well as the
Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) by Sanches et al. (2016).Through the use of a validated questionnaire,
the mean and standard deviationare determined. The researchers modified this questionnaire and translated itinto
the respondents' mother tongue (Cebuano) for them to comprehend itbetter. The study discovered no significant
relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant behaviors of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in
theDavao Region
KEYWORDS :Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), deviant behaviors, psychosocial factors
Entropy: A Join between Science and Mind-SocietyAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Entropy is join, intersection and interaction between natural science and human mind-society.
We proposed that if internal interactions exist in isolated systems, entropy decrease will be possible for this
system. Management in system is a typical internal interaction within the isolated system. The purpose of
management is to use regulating the internal interactions within the system, and to decrease the increasing
entropy spontaneously. We propose the principle of social civilization and the developing direction is: freedom
of thought, rule of action. Both combinations should be a peaceful revision and improvement of social rules and
laws. Different countries and nations, different religions and beliefs should coexist peacefully and compete
peacefully. The evolution of human society must be coevolution. Its foundation is the evolution of the human
heart and the human nature.
KEYWORDS: entropy, science, society, management, mind, evolution.
A Model of Disaster Resilience Among Colleges and Universities: A Mixed Metho...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research paper aimed to create a comprehensive framework for measuring disaster
resilience in colleges and universities. The study used a mixed method through Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA), which involved analyzing data from a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on
in-depth interviews with 12 selected participants from the University of Mindanao, as well as relevant literature
and studies. It was reviewed and validated by 10 experts using a method called Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
This questionnaire was then administered to 400 students from 10 different colleges in University of Mindanao.
After conducting the Exploratory Factor Analysis and performing rotations and iterations, the researchers
identified five main constructs that characterize disaster resilience among colleges (1) disaster preparedness, (2)
disaster awareness, (3) community readiness, and (4) disaster management, (5) disaster resilience. The
researchers aimed to create an organization called “Council of College Disaster Volunteers (CCDV)” which
consist of student volunteers. These factors can be used to develop effective management strategies and
strengthen efforts in preventing and managing disasters and accidents.
KEYWORDS:content validity ratio, criminology, disaster resilience, disaster management, exploratory factor
analysis, and Philippines.
Environmental Struggles and Justice Among Lumad Farmers of Davao CityAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study described the various environmental struggles experienced among the participants
and their status in accessing justice. The study followed a qualitative multiple-case study approach; the
participants are the Lumad farmers of Marilog, Davao City selected through a Critical sampling method and
aims to present the environmental violations experienced by the Lumad farmers in Davao City and how it
affected their families and sustenance further, their status in accessing justice is also explored. The study
concluded that the most common struggles the participant experience are Illegal logging and improper waste
disposal, which affect their farms, family, health, and income. Their preferred means to accessing justice is
through barangay settlement; the rigors of accessing courts, such as distance, expenses, fear of ruling, and the
hassle of being called to be present in court, are the most prevalent barriers that hinder the lead farmers from
accessing justice or seeking legal action. Nevertheless, the participants believed that the government would help
them in accessing justice.
KEYWORDS :access to justice, criminology,environmental justice, environmental struggles, lumadfarmers
CYBERBULLYING EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the cyberbullying experiences among Criminology students at the
University of Mindanao. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the study's online
questionnaire to the respondents and to survey the target population. This study has four hundred (400)
respondents, and the respondents are Criminology students at the University of Mindanao. The findings of this
study revealed that the level of cyberbullying experiences is sometimes manifested. On the other hand, the
cyberbullying experiences of the students indicate a moderate level, which indicates that the cyberbullying
experiences of the respondents are sometimes manifested. Also, the computations showed that among the
indicators presented, the highest mean is obtained in the psychological effect, which implies that there is a
significant effect of cyberbullying experiences of the respondents in terms of the Gender level of the
respondents. Therefore, respondents with a low level of cyberbullying experiences tend to have a moderate level
of cyberbullying experience. However, there is no significant effect in terms of age and year level of the
respondents according to the results regarding the psychological, emotional, and physical impact of
cyberbullying.
KEYWORDS :cyberbullying, emotional, experiences, psychological,physical effect, and simple random
sampling method.
A philosophical ontogenetic standpoint on superego role in human mind formationAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: One of the most significant contributions of psychoanalysis to understand the human being is the
elaboration of a model about the mind from a topical and dynamic perspective. Freud explains the mind by the
constitution of the preconscious, conscious, and subconscious. Later, by three dynamic components: the id, the
ego and the superego. Such an organization of the psychic apparatus supposes not only individual elements, but
social influences along the process of hominization. In this paper, we recover the findings of the renowned
anthropologist Lewis Morgan, trying to link some of them to the psychoanalytic theory. Especially highlighting
the importance of superego in Haidt’s social intuitionism.
Keywords: evolutionism, intuitionism, psychoanalysis, Freud, Haidt, Morgan
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of ForgivenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of Forgiveness.
The two variables are regarded to have influence on the decision one makes to forgive another. The study aimed
at examining the relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness, empathy and forgiveness
and to identify which one of the two,Psychological Empowerment or Empathy, is the more powerful predictor of
forgiveness. The study took a survey design with a sample of 350 drawn from a population of university students
using a self-administered questionnaire with four sections: Personal information, Psychological empowerment
scale, Toronto Empathy questionnaire, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Data analysis employed
Pearson’s product moment correlation and regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results show significant
relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness as well as empathy and forgiveness.
Empathy was found to be the more powerful predictor of forgiveness.
KEY WORDS: Psychological empowerment, empathy, forgiveness
Telegram is a messaging platform that ushers in a new era of communication. Available for Android, Windows, Mac, and Linux, Telegram offers simplicity, privacy, synchronization across devices, speed, and powerful features. It allows users to create their own stickers with a user-friendly editor. With robust encryption, Telegram ensures message security and even offers self-destructing messages. The platform is open, with an API and source code accessible to everyone, making it a secure and social environment where groups can accommodate up to 200,000 members. Customize your messenger experience with Telegram's expressive features.
Your LinkedIn Success Starts Here.......SocioCosmos
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Project Serenity is an innovative initiative aimed at transforming urban environments into sustainable, self-sufficient communities. By integrating green architecture, renewable energy, smart technology, sustainable transportation, and urban farming, Project Serenity seeks to minimize the ecological footprint of cities while enhancing residents' quality of life. Key components include energy-efficient buildings, IoT-enabled resource management, electric and autonomous transportation options, green spaces, and robust waste management systems. Emphasizing community engagement and social equity, Project Serenity aspires to serve as a global model for creating eco-friendly, livable urban spaces that harmonize modern conveniences with environmental stewardship.
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EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE G-TEAMS BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
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Lifecycle of a GME Trader: From Newbie to Diamond Hands
Teachers’ Experiences in the Implementation of Modular Distance Learning
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 152
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN :2378-703X
Volume-6, Issue-6, pp-152-160
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
Teachers’ Experiences in the Implementation of Modular
Distance Learning
Maricel C. Hidalgo
Rofulo M. Landa High School, Philippines
ABSTRACT:The continuity of learning in this time of pandemic brought challenges to many countries. This
so called “Education in the New Normal” brought new teaching experiences for teachers. This study aimed to
narrate the teachers‟ experiences in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning. Findings revealed that
teachers in Modular Distance Learning performs a variety of function such as preparing and distributing
modules, tracking learner‟s progress and doing a lot of paper works and need upskilling to manage this learning
modality.Teachers adjust in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning through adjusting their new
routine. Monitoring and evaluating learner‟s progress and delivering quality instruction are the difficulties that
teachers experienced in shifting from face-to-face into Modular Distance Learning and the key factors that
challenged the implementation of Modular Distance Learning are the availability of quality resource materials
and attainment of learning competencies. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends
simplification of modules and provide and deliver adequate supply of ready-made modules on time. There is a
need to strengthen the communication between teachers, parents and learners.
KEYWORDS –Experiences, Modular Distance Learning, Modules, Pandemic, Teachers,
I. INTRODUCTION
The world has still been dealing with corona virus disease (COVID19) and schools were closed for
face-to-face classes. Thus, education is one of the areas heavily affected. The mandatory use of distance
technology in the educational process has changed people‟s perception of education. The study of Kalimullina
et. al (2021) concluded that while there are enormous opportunities, applications, and automated digital
environments in the world, none of them can function without the supervision or instruction of a supervisor or
instructor, to a greater or lesser extent.
To make sure that learning remains unhampered in the Philippines, the Department of Education
(DepEd) issued DepEd Order No. 012 s. 2020 or the Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan
for school year 2020-2021 in the Light of COVID-19 Public Health Emergency that emphasizes learning
opportunities to students provided through blended distance learning modalities to avoid face-to-face
interactions.
Teachers faced difficulties as a result of the abrupt transition from face-to-face learning to distance
learning. Teachers in public schools were tasked with developing modules for students and attending capacity
building webinars to keep their skills up to date.
Despite the pandemic, teachers adapt to new situations and continue to provide high-quality education.
Uy (2020) stated in her article “Blended Learning” In Virus-Hit Philippines that one of the possible challenges
for teachers is dealing with an increased cognitive load, as well as a vertical and high-ceilinged learning curve,
particularly for teachers who are unfamiliar with blended learning. This could be more difficult for teachers.
Teachers take the responsibility of monitoring the progress of the learners. The learners may ask
assistance from the teacher via e-mail, telephone, text message/instant messaging among others (Dangle
&Sumaoang, 2020). They also do home visits to learners needing remediation or assistance. This could be very
risky for teachers especially in this time of pandemic.
This study fills in this gap, what is the current situation of teachers in the implementation of new
normal education with Modular Distance Learning as modality. The study of Castroverde&Acala (2021)
identify the challenges of teachers in the use of Modular Distance Learning Modality amidst pandemic and how
the teachers cope up with the challenges. The present study would narrate the experiences of teachers in the
implementation of Modular Distance Learning. It focuses on describing the teacher in Modular Distance
Learning, the adjustment and difficulties they experienced and the key factors that challenge the implementation
of the modality.
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Given these challenges, constraints and uncertainties, it is worthwhile to study the experiences of
teachers in the Modular Distance Learning to provide baseline data that may use in ensuring a nurturing and safe
environment to continue achieving the quality education even amidst the pandemic.
II. METHODOLOGY
The qualitative narrative research design was used to understand the meanings that teachers constructed
about their experiences in Modular Distance Learning. This design examine how stories were told to understand
how participants perceive and make sense of their experiences. It provides an opportunity to the researcher to
access the personal experiences of the participant, the story teller. They speak and declare life as experiences in
narrative form. Thus, the researcher has an opportunity to study the subject in their natural setting and
understand the behavior, action, and feelings in a whole content. Narrative research has been used in educational
practices especially in exploring experiences of teachers and students lives (Elci&Devran, 2014).
The respondents of the study were the 23 teachers of Rofulo M. Landa High School who were a
teacher-adviser for school year 2020-2021, can provide in-depth descriptions about the topic and willing to take
time to talk with the researcher about the topic. Creswell (1998) as cited in the study of Vasileiou, Barnet,
Thorpe & Young (2018), suggested a range between 20-30 interviews as a sample size guideline to be adequate.
Semi-structured interview was the instrument used in this study. Interview guide was prepared that
describe the topic to be explored during the interview and while asking the participants on a conversational
style, follow-up questions were asked because the researcher has the freedom to word the questions
spontaneously and explore in more detail. Semi-structured interviews were distinguished by topic guides
containing major questions that were used consistently in each interview. It was appropriate when the researcher
already had a good understanding of what was going on in the sample in relation to the research topic (Bell,
2003).
Interviews were conducted with teachers who participated in this study in accordance with the principle
of voluntariness. The interviews were recorded. The content analysis method was used to ensure a deep
understanding of the data to be collected and to determine themes and dimensions not previously identified.
Data analysis included four stages: Data coding, Identifying the themes, arrangement of the codes and themes,
and identifying the findings and interpretation. The researcher prepared and organized the data and choose that
truly fits in the study. The transcribed interviews were read and reread and listen to the recorded interviews and
were culled for like phrases and themes that were then grouped to form clusters of meaning (Creswell, 2013).
This is to get the sense of the whole. Through this process the researcher constructed the universal meaning of
experience and arrive at a more profound understanding of the phenomenon. The text was coded by the
researcher using NVIVO software which the words, phrases or sentences that stand out as describing the
experience under study or which express outright its meaning for the participant are extracted or highlighted.
According to Merriam (2002), as cited in the study of Strother (2013), a good qualitative study is one
that has been conducted in an ethical manner. It was important to maintain a high ethical standard throughout
the process. All participants were informed about the details of the study. Participation in the study was
voluntary. An informed consent was given to participants asking them to read and sign before the interview
started and would follow the no risk policy, meaning this study would not put anyone on any emotional or
physical danger and follows the safety protocol. To ensure that all person who participated in this study have
complete protection in privacy, no names of individual participants were used. Participant anonymity was
guaranteed and was maintained throughout the interview process. The researcher assured the confidentiality of
the respondents by assigning the respondents letters rather than their name.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In studying the experiences of teachers in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning,
qualitative means of investigation were employed. Through interview, teachers‟ experiences in the
implementation of Modular Distance Learning were identified. The perspective of the teachers regarding
questions such as “What is it like to be a teacher in Modular Distance Learning?”, How do teachers adjust in the
implementation of Modular Distance Learning?” “What are the difficulties that teachers experienced in shifting
from face to face into Modular Distance Learning?” and “What are the key factors that challenge the
implementation of Modular Distance Learning” serve as the basis for the thematic analysis of data.
3.1 The Teacher in Modular Distance Learning
The teacher respondents shared their experiences in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning.
Table 1 presents the description of teachers in the Modular Distance Learning. Two themes were derived from
the given responses.
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Table 1
The Teacher in Modular Distance Learning
Theme Category Code
Perform a variety
of function
track learner's progress
checks and records scores
provides feedback
communicating learners
monitor learner's progress
prepares and distribute
learning materials
delivers unclaimed modules
distributes and retrieved modules
needs to print modules
prepares self-learning modules
workload and submission of
reports
having difficulty in doing and submitting reports
with overlapping tasks
teaching a new way
Needs Upskilling
not fully prepared to teach in
MDL
have very little readiness on modular distance learning
still needs training
search more techniques to cope up
This implies that being a teacher in Modular Distance Learning was not easy. Teachers carry out a
variety of function…it was really a great responsibility. Most of the respondents described teaching as a
challenging task. Modular Distance Learning is the most popular type of Distance Learning. It is the learning
modality in most of the public schools in the country. Learners used self-learning modules. The production of
learning materials requires a lot of work on the part of teachers… from the preparation to distribution. Teachers
prepare self-learning modules. Teacher V said that:
At first, it was bit difficult. Especially for me because I am the one who prepares the module.
This finding supported the study of Dangle &Sumaoang (2020) that some teachers in some field
responded that the central office does not provide modules for their respective subjects which include MAPEH
and Journalism- Filipino. Thus, they are the ones making their own modules.
Teachers were also burdened in printing that it takes overnight to print modules. Teacher A said that:
Teachers work for 6 days and even „till midnight in printing of modules.
Teacher W shared same sentiments.
Because you will experience that even at night, you‟re still printing, you‟re still sorting, your child
wants to sleep, but you can‟t put him to sleep yet, because when you leave your work…tomorrow it will be
distribution, it needs to be finished…it‟s like that way, you always seem have a quota to chase.
The study of Castroverde&Acala (2021) revealed that teachers‟ challenges in preparing the modules
are related to the time, materials and supplies needed to prepare and print the modules. On the part of the
teachers, it is difficult to print all the modules for the whole quarter because of insufficient time and assistance
in printing all the modules.
Teachers were in the situation where they were unprepared and without enough training. Teachers in
the Modular Distance Learning were not fully prepared in the said modality. Some of them were still struggling
how to adjust to a new work environment. Teacher T stated that:
During the pandemic, teachers were prepared for Modular Distance Learning, but it is still not enough.
Teacher D added:
It is difficult to teach in a Modular Distance Learning set-up because I am not that ready.
Bagood (2020) as cited in the study conducted by Acala (2020), highlighted that teacher as front liners
in the education level have undergone various trainings and seminars to be more equipped in delivering better
education amid the COVID 19 pandemic as it is a norm of the department to train teachers not just for
professional growth but to become ready for unexpected circumstances.
3.2 Adjustments in the Implementation of Modular Distance Learning
Table 2 presents the adjustments of teachers in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning.
From the given responses and codes, one theme was derived.
4. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
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Table 2
Adjustments in the Modular Distance Learning
Theme Category Code
Adjustment in
New Routine
production of learning
materials
adjustment in crafting modules
printing modules
sorting and packing of modules for distribution
required reports
checking of modules
doing a lot of paper works
having a lot of tasks to comply
having difficulty in accomplishing task
monitoring learners
adjustment in understanding learners
communication to learners and parents
time adjustment
adjustment in working hours
having no time for personal lives
working late at night
lessen time for family
resourcefulness
attending to webinars about different platforms
spend time to find resources
having internet connection
used available resources
The Philippines was in the process of adapting to the new normal education. The shift to distance
learning was not an easy task for teachers for they must adjust in their new roles as educators. Respondents
claimed that they need to adjust their working hours. Teacher N said that:
Teacher‟s daily routines and busy days have become even more difficult to keep up with the fast flow of the
system.
Teachers spend much time in the preparation of modules. Teacher L gave details how Modular
Distance Learning affects her daily routine.
Modular Distance Learning affects my daily routine as a teacher by consuming a big amount of my
time, from printing to sorting of modules, crafting an SLM, reminding my learners about their outputs, checking
of retrieved outputs, updating my learners‟ records, creating summative test and performance tasks, doing a lot
of paperwork and a lot more.
Teacher I also stated that:
Modular Distance Learning takes a lot of my time so there are some activities that I can no longer do
because I have to prioritize preparing modules, mastery tests, performing tasks and many others.
Teacher B added:
In Modular Distance Learning, I need to go to school early and late going home. I need to sort and pack
the modules for distribution and sort again after retrieval. I need to check the performance task given in the
module and the mastery test for the computation of grades.
Additional to their role as facilitators of learning, teachers also need to do and submit reports. These
were very stressful for teachers. Teacher R said:
Stressful and it‟s too tedious with a lot of paper works to be submitted.
There were also times that even they are at home, they still need to do a lot of paper works or reports.
This is reflected in Teacher T‟s statement:
With a lot of paper works to be accomplished, there are times that even at home, teachers still do this
paper works. A day is not enough to accomplish the task.
Much of the time, teachers provide feedbacks on student‟s outputs. Questions from students may
appear at various times throughout the day, giving teachers difficulty in delegating time for each student and
task. Teachers adjusted their time to respond on their learner‟s queries. Teacher H said that:
We adjusted our time by answering student questions even at night.
5. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
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Teachers must assure there is open communication with the parents and students to continuously
monitor and address their needs. But sometimes teachers failed to respond immediately, so they received
feedback as if they are not doing their job. This was reflected to the statement of Teacher W as she shares her
experience:
Students have queries, you need to respond immediately, because I experienced…we distributed
modules on Thursday…On Sunday, the students asked…maybe that‟s the time when he answered the module in
my subject. I did not respond right away. And then, the mother texted. Sometimes you will receive (message) as
if you will feel like you are not doing your job. You can feel it the way they text.
Despite their busy schedule, teachers still find time to learn to cope up with the changes. Teacher K
shared that he has been prepared to teach in Modular Teaching Learning through:
Reading articles on how to handle distance learning and participating to webinars.
Trainings are important for teacher to ensure that they are equipped and informed about the changes in
the education set-up in the new normal. There was always a chance for teacher who have been resistant in using
technology to facilitate their teaching by embracing new teaching practices. Teacher E said that:
Teachers adjust in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning by means of attending seminar
that have something to do with different platforms that can be used in Modular Distance Learning like writing
SLM.
Teachers were just like an ordinary person. They also have responsibilities as mothers, fathers,
daughters, sons, siblings, aunts, uncles and grandparents. They have to deal with their individual lives and
should took care of their kids. Since teaching was more than a job to every teacher, these roles were taken for
granted. There were some instances that they don‟t have time even for their personal lives and for family. As
stated by Teacher O:
We doubled and even triple our time to achieve the task for the day. There are some instances that we
don‟t have time to our personal lives because most of our time is focused only on the preparation of modules
and other reports.
Teacher F said that:
Even not working hour/office, you need to answer students/parent queries which really affects my time
with my family.
Teachers experienced lack of rest and sleep. Teacher S said:
There is enough time to rest before, in Modular Distance Learning, there was almost no time to rest and
lack of sleep. What we used to do during face to face is no longer the same as today. Almost every day, we mind
of the modules.
Despite of so many adjustments, teachers learn to cope up. As stated by Teacher P:
It is a huge adjustment for us…teachers in the new normal set-up. Technically, it has a big difference in
the old system. We have no choice but to embrace the new learning system.
Teacher Q cannot complain because adjusting was what the situation requires. With this, the participant
added:
A lot of adjustments are done. Not an easy thing to do but then it is a must. I need to adapt myself on
new normal situation,
Education in the new normal needs a lot of adjustments since teachers were not well-equipped when
the pandemic came. Teachers were flexible enough to adapt to these changes. Modular Distance Learning
became part of their daily lives. Teacher S said that:
Modular Distance Learning has become part of daily routine. I have adjusted every detail in
distribution of modules.
It was also proved by Teacher J when he said:
When I describe my daily routine activities with Modular Distance Learning, I think it became part of
my life.
3.3 Difficulties that Teachers Experienced in shifting from face-to-face into Modular Distance
Learning
Table 3 shows the difficulties that teachers experienced in shifting from face-to-face into Modular
Distance Learning. Two themes were derived from the given responses of the respondents.
Table 3
Difficulties of Teachers in Shifting from face-to-face into Modular Distance
Learning
Theme Category Code
Monitoring
and Evaluation
assessment
delayed submission of outputs
students not getting their module
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This pandemic was difficult on the part of the teachers, but they work hard to learn so they can cope
up. They struggle with Modular Distance Learning specifically in evaluating students‟ learning. Some students
did not get their modules. Teacher B stated:
Some of my students are not getting their modules in the time of distribution which makes me decide to
deliver their modules in their home.
There were students who submit their outputs late or worst they did not even submit outputs. Teacher F
stated:
It is hard to monitor student‟s progress. Some students did not return their modules. Teacher T said:
As a teacher, one of the problems I encountered with Modular Distance Learning is those students not
answering their modules and not submitting their modules on time.
Teacher N added:
Releasing and retrieval of modules is one of the problems of distance learning. Retrieval is difficult that
led to us teachers not able to compute their grades on time.
According to Fidalgo et.al (2020), the student‟s primary concerns regarding taking Distance Education
includes time management and motivation.
It was seen in the study of Castroverde&Arcala (2021) that teachers‟ challenge in the distribution of
modules were connected to late claiming of modules. There were students who claim the modules late than the
scheduled time that became the reason why some students submit late outputs or even do not submit at all.
In the end, teachers accepted the fact that they need to understand their learners and still managed to
motivate their students to submit their outputs. Teacher V shared:
The attitudes of the learner. They were also shocked from shifting from face to face to distance
learning. It‟s hard to keep up with our students with what they want. Sometimes they can‟t submit their
activities. It‟s up to us how we adjust to encourage then to do that (activities). They still need to continue their
education.
COVID-19 pandemic raises numerous issues in the education sector. One of these is how teachers
evaluate students if they are not sure who really answered the modules. No teacher can assess with certainty
whether the task assigned to students was done by themselves or someone did it for them. Teacher L said:
The teacher cannot fully explain nor simply discuss the concepts to the learners. We cannot really
assess nor evaluate the learning of the students because we are not sure if they are the ones who answered or
produced the outputs. It is hard to provide updated feedbacks to the learners‟ outputs because some of them are
hard to reach. There were struggles in terms of giving updated feedbacks to the learners regarding their
performance because some learners and parents are not submitting the outputs on time. I cannot tell if I have
evaluated my learners learning accurately because we are not sure who created their outputs.
The teachers think that students‟ answers in their modules have no validity, and most probably, mastery
of the lessons is impossible to attain (Dangle &Sumaoang, 2020).
students do not submit outputs
checking student‟s outputs
computing grades
students not answering the modules
cooperation of parents
limited time to communicate with parents and
learners
parents answering the module
willingness of parents to claim modules
Quality of
instruction
availability of resources
availability of printed materials
lack of printing devices and materials
internet connection
lack of gadgets
student's ability to learn
capacity of students to answer the modules
self-studying of students
student's mastery
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The study of Castroverde&Acala (2021) revealed that the validation of student‟s learning is also
difficult since their modules were answered by parents or tutors not the learners.
Similarly, teachers have a lot of catching up to do because they‟re promoting students to the next level
even though they‟re unsure if their students actually learn (Magsambol, 2021).
From the distribution of modules to retrieval, teachers make sure that the quality of learning remains
even with the absence of face-to-face interaction. Teachers have been finding ways to continue students‟
learning process. But they admitted that imparting knowledge was difficult. Teacher T stated that:
From face-to-face into Modular Distance Learning, teachers have struggled a lot. One of these is
that…if our students learn in this system of education.
When they were asked about the challengesthat they encountered in Modular Distance Learning,
Teacher H answered:
Self-studying, poor internet connections, a greater number of output and students‟ activities. Student
did not learn well.
3.4 Key Factors that Challenge the Implementation of Modular Distance Learning
Table 4 presents the key factors that challenge the implementation of Modular Distance Learning.
From the codes derived from the responses of participants, two themes were formed.
Table 4
Key Factors that Challenge the Implementation of Modular Distance Learning
Modular Distance Learning provides an exceptional learning opportunity as it allows flexibility in
learning methods and materials. The availability of quality resource materials is one of the key factors that
affects the implementation of Modular Distance Learning. One example is the great number of activities in
modules. Teacher A stated:
Too much activities in each subject. Students should write directly in the modules to lessen their
boredom in copying parts of the module.
When asked about the key factors that challenge the implementation of Modular Distance Learning,
Teacher J answered:
Self-studying for students, poor internet connection/signal, lack of time and sleep, lack of time to
answer all the modules due to number of activities and distractions…lack of focus.
Teacher N also answered:
Some students don‟t find time to get their modules on time. Students return their outputs
withoutanswers due to lack of study materials and access in the use of ICT.
Theme Category Code
Availability of
Quality Resource
Materials
production of resource
materials
availability of electronic materials
lack of printed modules
lack of printing devices and materials
crafting resources fits to
learners
creating quality assured modules
lack of time to answer all modules
great number of activities
learners fail to submit modules
Attainment of
Learning
Competencies
capacity of parents
educational attainment of household members
parents lack of knowledge
supervision of parents
ability of learners
capacity of students to answer the modules
lack of self motivation for learners
struggling with self studying
willingness of students
teacher‟s connections
lack of guidance from teachers
lack of communications to learners and parents
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The findings of the study conducted by Dangle &Sumaoang (2020), revealed that modules have a lot of
exercise.
The availability of learning modules that suits to learner‟s capability is a great factor for the
implementation of Modular Distance Learning. Teacher O stated:
Availability of references and compatibility of the modules with different capabilities of students.
There were lots of disadvantages for all student‟s capabilities aren‟t the same.
Teacher U added:
For me, the challenges that I have observed that needs to be addressed are the resources in preparing
modules. Proper trainings and seminars, it should also be aligned with the student‟s ability wherein he can easily
understand or comprehend. Learning activities should be more specific and modified.
According to the study conducted by Lederman (2020), substantial resources and trainings are required
to build interactive online courses. The consequences will almost certainly be decreased learning and increased
inequity.
There a lot of factors that hinders the quality education in Modular Distance Learning. Teacher M said
that:
Modular Distance Learning helps students to continue learning but it will not provide the quality of
education they have needed.
Since education is no longer held within the school, parents serve as partners of teachers in education.
Parents play a vital role as home facilitators. Their primary role in modular learning is to establish a connection
and guide the child. With this modality, students were given self-learning modules for them to answer weekly
with the help of their guardian or parents at home.
Teacher L also added:
The distance of the school from learners‟ home, the educational attainment of the members of the
household where the learner is in and the readiness of not just teachers, but also the learners, parents and the rest
of the community are the key factors that challenge the implementation of MDL.
The study of Dangle &Sumaoang (2020), revealed that parent‟s lack of knowledge to assist their child
was a challenge in the Modular Distance Learning. Some parents didn‟t finish their studies.
There were students who can answer their modules independently. Some students were self-disciplined
and have no problem with the independence, while others still need guidance. Teacher W stated:
If there is an assurance that students have learned…maybe…maybe they learned but then there are
students who are still in need just like technologies…because there are students…whether we admit it or not,
still have needs in reading proficiency, comprehension…just like that…so I think the effectiveness about the
students learning.
The physical absence of the teacher means that they may not be available to guide the student when
they need it most. In Modular Distance Learning, teachers only share materials to students without teaching it.
This may affect the learnings of students.
Teacher C stated:
Parent‟s lack of knowledge to academically guide their children. Students lack interest in answering.
They are not motivated in answering modules because of lack of guidance by the teacher.
One of the biggest challenges of Modular Distance Learning was meeting the needs of students. In the
end, teachers hope that all things, with Modular Distance Learning turn out to be beneficial to students because
teachers remained resilient and motivated despite such challenges. Cooperation between learners, parents and
teachers was a key factor to achieve quality education. Teacher T stated:
In Modular Distance Learning, it is a big challenge for parents and teachers. To help the students,
cooperation and collaboration between parents and teachers are needed.
Teacher S said:
It is a new normal education that must be adapt now adays. Both learners and teachers should perform
their duties and responsibilities.
Teacher D shared his insights about Modular Distance Leaning.
Modular Learning is good in blended/flexible learning if there are enough quality modules and have
follow-up from teacher.
IV. CONCLUSION
Teachers in Modular Distance Learning prepares and distribute learning materials to learners. Aside
from this, they also monitor the progress of their learners through text message or messenger. Even they were in
the situation where they‟re not fully prepared, they always did their best for the learner‟s education. They still
find time to learn to cope up with the changes. There is a need to train teachers on their role as educators in
Modular Distance Learning as a new system of education.
The shift to distance learning was not an easy task for teachers for they must adjust in their new roles
as educators. They spend much time in the preparation of modules. Most teachers were challenged by lack of
9. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
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quality learning resources. It would be a great help for them if ready modules were delivered to schools on time.
Simplification of learning modules is recommended.
This pandemic was difficult on the part of the teachers, they struggle with Modular Distance Learning
specifically in evaluating students‟ learning and communicating learners and parents. Teachers have been
finding ways to continue students‟ learning process but they admitted that imparting knowledge was difficult.
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