All women around the world in some stage of their life career need to break the "glass ceiling" to
accomplish their career goals. The ceiling is located above the lowest middle-level management positions
and prevents women from attaining higher management positions (Glass Ceiling Commission 1995).
Equality in the workplace has resulted in equal opportunities been presented to the male and female gender.
Equity programs, as well as rising education levels among the female gender, have led to changes in career
paths for women. Additionally, work-life balance policies presented to women in organizations have
enhanced equality. However, despite the considerable advancements and considerations in gender equality at
the workplace, the glass ceiling remains to be a threat to a career for ethnic minorities and especially Saudi
Arabian women. The glass ceiling acts as a barrier that prohibits black women from advancing to top
managerial positions in the organizations in the United States. The barrier presents gender differences and
inequalities that increase throughout a black woman’s career. Promotions are limited in male-dominated
organizations, as well as female characteristics been used to justify the glass ceiling effect. The essay will
discuss the threats imposed by the glass ceiling on Saudi women’s career development through close analysis
from different theories such as feminism theory, and critical race theory.
Saudi:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a rapid and impressive growth of women participating
in all levels of education in recent years. However, there are many areas of the educational sector
where gender segregation is still prevalent especially in relation to access to the best educators and
resources (Smith & Abouammah, 2013). In the last 19 years, Saudi Arabia has invested a significant
amount of money in its educational sector and has raised the overall number of faculty members, both
men and women, by 175%. According to Jamjoom and Kelly (2013),
In 2011, women gained access to political power. King Abdullah announced that women would be
allowed to vote, as well as run for elections, in the 2015 municipal elections (Alkayed, 2015). Saudi
women were allowed to join the Shura Council, “the traditionally all men body which drafts laws,
debates major issues, and provides advice to the king” (Hamdan, 2013, para.1). After joining the
Shura Council in 2013, women then became appointed as deputy chairpersons of three committees
within the Shura Council in the same year. All of these actions have helped to open doors to
managerial and leadership positions within many other organizations in Saudi Arabia (Alkayed,
2015).
However, despite the new increased role of women in leadership positions in Saudi Arabia, they still
faced difficulties compared to their male counterparts due to personal, institutional, and cultural
challenges which can affect their effectivene ...
Women Education in India and Economic Development Linkages: A Conceptual StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Women have been recognised as a crucial force in economic development of any nation. However, it is imperative to mention that traditionally their lives were confined to the four walls of the house. They were mainly engaged in household chores, bearing and rearing of children and were treated on different footings. Their existence was deeply influenced by the prevailing patriarchal system which often results into deprivation of their basic rights as enjoyed by their male counterparts including their right to education. But, with the advent of various legislations, social reforms and women’s movement worldwide, there was a major shift in the socio-cultural set up and women’s entitlement to education begun to be recognised as pivotal for nations’ economic development. On the other hand, history has revealed that in Indian sub-continent, there was a worst scenario of women education. Women were denied their basic right to education and such bias was deeply rooted in prevailing socio-cultural set up where females were treated inferior to men. But, in the backdrop of various social reform movements, women movements, Christian missionaries and new economic reforms of 1991 popularly called as LPG concept (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization), women education in India witnessed a drastic change. Further, research has noted a strong positive linkage between women education and economic development of any nation. Thus, keeping in view the importance of women education for an economic development of a nation, the present study is an endeavour towards identifying, reviewing and analysing the prior work with respect to above linkages. Moreover, the study has also identified the various issues pertaining to women education in India which has remained unaddressed and demands utmost attention. At the end of the study, various valuable suggestions have also been drawn in order to fill the identifiable gaps in women education structure so as to change its state and enhance its contribution towards achieving robust economic development.
Women Education in India and Economic Development Linkages: A Conceptual StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Women have been recognised as a crucial force in economic development of any nation. However, it is imperative to mention that traditionally their lives were confined to the four walls of the house. They were mainly engaged in household chores, bearing and rearing of children and were treated on different footings. Their existence was deeply influenced by the prevailing patriarchal system which often results into deprivation of their basic rights as enjoyed by their male counterparts including their right to education. But, with the advent of various legislations, social reforms and women’s movement worldwide, there was a major shift in the socio-cultural set up and women’s entitlement to education begun to be recognised as pivotal for nations’ economic development. On the other hand, history has revealed that in Indian sub-continent, there was a worst scenario of women education. Women were denied their basic right to education and such bias was deeply rooted in prevailing socio-cultural set up where females were treated inferior to men. But, in the backdrop of various social reform movements, women movements, Christian missionaries and new economic reforms of 1991 popularly called as LPG concept (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization), women education in India witnessed a drastic change. Further, research has noted a strong positive linkage between women education and economic development of any nation. Thus, keeping in view the importance of women education for an economic development of a nation, the present study is an endeavour towards identifying, reviewing and analysing the prior work with respect to above linkages. Moreover, the study has also identified the various issues pertaining to women education in India which has remained unaddressed and demands utmost attention. At the end of the study, various valuable suggestions have also been drawn in order to fill the identifiable gaps in women education structure so as to change its state and enhance its contribution towards achieving robust economic development.
Relationships between Men and Women in Islamic Organizationsijtsrd
In Islamic culture, which is the culture of order and discipline, the organization and organization are viewed with a deep perspective. The division of labor, the limits of duties, the prevention of interference in affairs, the authority and freedom within the bounds of responsibility, are all issues that are considered necessary to achieve happiness and sovereignty in the Islamic system. This study sought to investigate the relationship between men and women in Islamic organizations and analyzed the relationship between theories in this field with a descriptive analytical method and concluded that human beings are social beings. With the advent of Islam and the fact that religion has the ability to be present in all individual and social spheres of human life, at all times and places and conditions, Muslim relations also found a special structure and rules. Islam not only endorsed constructive social relations Rather, by explaining new principles, he emphasized the importance of targeting this general need of society. Mansoore Ansari | Gulab Mir Rahmany "Relationships between Men and Women in Islamic Organizations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31900.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31900/relationships-between-men-and-women-in-islamic-organizations/mansoore-ansari
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Women Empowerment in Relation to Indian Economyijtsrd
While the Indian government left no stone unturned in overhauling the economy and providing the much needed impetus to MSMEs, we read stories of both the resilience and the struggle of women entrepreneurs wading through a sea of problems and yet refusing to give up. Therefore, it is our social and moral obligation to facilitate an enabling environment for women desirous of entering the workforce by rendering them equal opportunities and opening up new avenues for them to thrive. Despite India’s general progress in terms of the number of women entrepreneurs in the country, there still remains a considerable gender gap that needs to be closed. Currently, women only account for 13.56 per cent in the entrepreneurial space and have a significantly disproportionate presence in the labour force. Though the government has been making continuous efforts to empower women in India, they continue to be, by and large, hobbled by disempowerment, financial dependency and inequalities. As per the India SDG Index, India has secured a score of 42 on a scale of 100 on the indicator of “Gender Equalityâ€. The figures from the latest Periodic Labour Force Survey also lay bare the vast gender inequality An abysmal 19.7 per cent rural women and 16.1 per cent of women in urban areas were found to be in the labour force. To plug these gaps and work towards an inclusive society, every stakeholder has to do more. Dr. Namita Verma "Women Empowerment in Relation to Indian Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51696.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/51696/women-empowerment-in-relation-to-indian-economy/dr-namita-verma
Gender equality and women empowerment on Sustainable Community Development in...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Gender inequality is the most persistent and pervasive global problem of the 21st century militating against the attainment of sustainable development in patriarchal societies. Several forums have noted the centrality of gender equality and concerns of women’s empowerment to the achievement of sustainable development. Promotion of gender equality is thus an important part of any development strategy. Thus, the research focused on analysing how society perceives the concept of gender equality and women empowerment, factors that militate against the achievement of gender equality in the society and its role in sustainable development. In gathering information, the study employed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of this paper indicate that gender equality improves people’s participation in community development programmes and leads to healthy families and increased food productivity. The paper concluded that women empowerment and gender equality are essential tools in the achievement of sustainable development in Zimbabwe.
Educational Marginalization of Muslim Girls: A Study on the Role of State and...iosrjce
Muslim constitutes India’s largest minority but educationally they are one of the most backward
communities in the country .Muslim girls lag behind their male counterparts and women from other community
in the country itself. Women from different socio-economic strata have a great deal of marginalization in their
life situations. There are also significant differences in women’s specific status across regions, caste and class,
communities and religion. Women in India have made significant strides during the six decades entering every
field of education and taking on the challenges of various professions. However, masses of women remain
restricted by the vicious circles of family expectations, gender role discrimination, social stereotype and stigma.
The absence of gender disaggregated data by religion, particularly in respect of literacy rate, enrollment rates
at different stages of education, dropout rates etc., at national, states, district levels was a formidable bottleneck
in the planning and development of strategies and programmes for education of Muslim girls.
The study has analyzed the present educational marginalization of Muslim girls with reference to role of state
and religion in India. The present paper examined socio-cultural and educational factors and forces hindering
their educational participation. Through this study I discussed the backdrop of existing policies, programmes,
constitutional safeguards, legal provisions and schemes to promote education of Muslim girls belonging to
educationally backward minorities and being a social and economically disadvantage section of our society.
Women Entrepreneurship and Empowerment in Pakistan: Gender, Culture, Educatio...Dr.Nasir Ahmad
This study intended to explore the gender, cultural and professional aspects of rural women entrepreneurs in Pakistan in broader perspective which constitute a contextual framework. Numerous aspects such as government policies, cultural norms, women empowerment, entrepreneurial capacity and orientation, which have shaped women entrepreneurship in Pakistan, were discussed in detail. The literature review was carried out based on research questions. Themes based on contextual framework were interpreted in the light of available reports, research studies and polices on women empowerment and entrepreneurship published by Government of Pakistan and international organizations. Gender gap, discriminatory socio-cultural system, low literacy rate and lack of economic incentives were found to be main hindrances for women empowerment. The study concluded policy guidelines to empower women through entrepreneurship by focusing on gender equality, social status, women education and supportive economic policies for women entrepreneurs .
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Also, required are for each forum are three (3) 200-word minimum lenAzaleeRutledge285
Also, required are for each forum are three (3) 200-word minimum length replies to at least three different classmates, due by Sunday at 11:55 pm Eastern Time.
#1
On 26 December, 2004, a massive 9.1 earthquake struck the Indian Ocean sending a massive tsunami screaming towards Sri Lanka, Thailand, and even as far as South Africa over 5,000 miles from the earthquake’s epicenter. Over 280,000 people were killed, and over a million more were displaced from their homes (World Health Organization, 2005). The physical loses were great, but equally great, yet not equally as focused on, are the mental and emotional ramifications of such a devastating event. As Dr. Pau Perez Sales states (2005), “There are areas where everybody knew someone who has lost everything or who had one or more family members disappeared. The tsunami will be a landmark in the memory of many communities,” (qtd. in World Health Organization).
Recovering from such a destructive event that affected so many people is a tall order. Aid agencies quickly prepared for a rise in mental health issues in the area and began to devise strategies to increase mental health professional’s abilities to aid survivors in coping with the aftermath. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 50% of the affected population would experience mental issues, with 5-10% of those survivors experiencing severe issues. Additionally, a survey of survivors showed over 40% of children affected suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (World Health Organization, 2005).
The potential for disaster recovery in a situation like this is slim. To start, the tsunami struck areas that are generally considered poor. Without things such as insurance, as well as the destruction of their homes and livelihoods, survivors lost everything with almost no hope of recovering what they once had. Most were left asking themselves, “what now?” Additionally, as previously noted, almost everyone affected ended up losing a friend or a loved one, which fractures social structures and can leave survivors without a will to carry on and reach a point of recovery.
I think it is hard to apply recovery principles to this event. Phase 1 in particular was not and does not apply, because there was no real chance to prepare for a disaster such as this. A vast majority of the areas struck by the tsunami were far enough away that they did not feel the earthquake. Perplexed beachgoers even chased the receding waterline before the tsunami struck (Roos, 2018). Additionally, a majority of the mental health professionals working after the event worked through outside aid agencies, and were not there before the event to integrate with the community (World Health Organization, 2005). Phase 2 was not present, because again, most of the aid provided was from outside aid agencies. There was no community bonding and so-called “hero phase”. This carries on into phase 3. This is perhaps the most prevalent phase for this pa ...
All
written assignments
submitted
via
TurnitIn
should
have
limited
similarity
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Similarity index
of
greater
than
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is
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and
is
viewed
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an
indication
of
high plagiarism
content.
_____________________________________________
Minimum of 15 slides, cited and APA Style.
Presentation has to include Assessment, labs, confirmatory testing for these diseases, differential diagnosis, final diagnosis and treatment for each one of them. picture sample would be helpful.
Should you have any questions please dont hesitate to contact me.
Burns,
Pediatric primary care
Atopic, Rheumatic, and Immunodeficiency Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Hematologic Disorders
...
More Related Content
Similar to All women around the world in some stage of their life career
Relationships between Men and Women in Islamic Organizationsijtsrd
In Islamic culture, which is the culture of order and discipline, the organization and organization are viewed with a deep perspective. The division of labor, the limits of duties, the prevention of interference in affairs, the authority and freedom within the bounds of responsibility, are all issues that are considered necessary to achieve happiness and sovereignty in the Islamic system. This study sought to investigate the relationship between men and women in Islamic organizations and analyzed the relationship between theories in this field with a descriptive analytical method and concluded that human beings are social beings. With the advent of Islam and the fact that religion has the ability to be present in all individual and social spheres of human life, at all times and places and conditions, Muslim relations also found a special structure and rules. Islam not only endorsed constructive social relations Rather, by explaining new principles, he emphasized the importance of targeting this general need of society. Mansoore Ansari | Gulab Mir Rahmany "Relationships between Men and Women in Islamic Organizations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31900.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31900/relationships-between-men-and-women-in-islamic-organizations/mansoore-ansari
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Women Empowerment in Relation to Indian Economyijtsrd
While the Indian government left no stone unturned in overhauling the economy and providing the much needed impetus to MSMEs, we read stories of both the resilience and the struggle of women entrepreneurs wading through a sea of problems and yet refusing to give up. Therefore, it is our social and moral obligation to facilitate an enabling environment for women desirous of entering the workforce by rendering them equal opportunities and opening up new avenues for them to thrive. Despite India’s general progress in terms of the number of women entrepreneurs in the country, there still remains a considerable gender gap that needs to be closed. Currently, women only account for 13.56 per cent in the entrepreneurial space and have a significantly disproportionate presence in the labour force. Though the government has been making continuous efforts to empower women in India, they continue to be, by and large, hobbled by disempowerment, financial dependency and inequalities. As per the India SDG Index, India has secured a score of 42 on a scale of 100 on the indicator of “Gender Equalityâ€. The figures from the latest Periodic Labour Force Survey also lay bare the vast gender inequality An abysmal 19.7 per cent rural women and 16.1 per cent of women in urban areas were found to be in the labour force. To plug these gaps and work towards an inclusive society, every stakeholder has to do more. Dr. Namita Verma "Women Empowerment in Relation to Indian Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51696.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/51696/women-empowerment-in-relation-to-indian-economy/dr-namita-verma
Gender equality and women empowerment on Sustainable Community Development in...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Gender inequality is the most persistent and pervasive global problem of the 21st century militating against the attainment of sustainable development in patriarchal societies. Several forums have noted the centrality of gender equality and concerns of women’s empowerment to the achievement of sustainable development. Promotion of gender equality is thus an important part of any development strategy. Thus, the research focused on analysing how society perceives the concept of gender equality and women empowerment, factors that militate against the achievement of gender equality in the society and its role in sustainable development. In gathering information, the study employed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of this paper indicate that gender equality improves people’s participation in community development programmes and leads to healthy families and increased food productivity. The paper concluded that women empowerment and gender equality are essential tools in the achievement of sustainable development in Zimbabwe.
Educational Marginalization of Muslim Girls: A Study on the Role of State and...iosrjce
Muslim constitutes India’s largest minority but educationally they are one of the most backward
communities in the country .Muslim girls lag behind their male counterparts and women from other community
in the country itself. Women from different socio-economic strata have a great deal of marginalization in their
life situations. There are also significant differences in women’s specific status across regions, caste and class,
communities and religion. Women in India have made significant strides during the six decades entering every
field of education and taking on the challenges of various professions. However, masses of women remain
restricted by the vicious circles of family expectations, gender role discrimination, social stereotype and stigma.
The absence of gender disaggregated data by religion, particularly in respect of literacy rate, enrollment rates
at different stages of education, dropout rates etc., at national, states, district levels was a formidable bottleneck
in the planning and development of strategies and programmes for education of Muslim girls.
The study has analyzed the present educational marginalization of Muslim girls with reference to role of state
and religion in India. The present paper examined socio-cultural and educational factors and forces hindering
their educational participation. Through this study I discussed the backdrop of existing policies, programmes,
constitutional safeguards, legal provisions and schemes to promote education of Muslim girls belonging to
educationally backward minorities and being a social and economically disadvantage section of our society.
Women Entrepreneurship and Empowerment in Pakistan: Gender, Culture, Educatio...Dr.Nasir Ahmad
This study intended to explore the gender, cultural and professional aspects of rural women entrepreneurs in Pakistan in broader perspective which constitute a contextual framework. Numerous aspects such as government policies, cultural norms, women empowerment, entrepreneurial capacity and orientation, which have shaped women entrepreneurship in Pakistan, were discussed in detail. The literature review was carried out based on research questions. Themes based on contextual framework were interpreted in the light of available reports, research studies and polices on women empowerment and entrepreneurship published by Government of Pakistan and international organizations. Gender gap, discriminatory socio-cultural system, low literacy rate and lack of economic incentives were found to be main hindrances for women empowerment. The study concluded policy guidelines to empower women through entrepreneurship by focusing on gender equality, social status, women education and supportive economic policies for women entrepreneurs .
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Also, required are for each forum are three (3) 200-word minimum lenAzaleeRutledge285
Also, required are for each forum are three (3) 200-word minimum length replies to at least three different classmates, due by Sunday at 11:55 pm Eastern Time.
#1
On 26 December, 2004, a massive 9.1 earthquake struck the Indian Ocean sending a massive tsunami screaming towards Sri Lanka, Thailand, and even as far as South Africa over 5,000 miles from the earthquake’s epicenter. Over 280,000 people were killed, and over a million more were displaced from their homes (World Health Organization, 2005). The physical loses were great, but equally great, yet not equally as focused on, are the mental and emotional ramifications of such a devastating event. As Dr. Pau Perez Sales states (2005), “There are areas where everybody knew someone who has lost everything or who had one or more family members disappeared. The tsunami will be a landmark in the memory of many communities,” (qtd. in World Health Organization).
Recovering from such a destructive event that affected so many people is a tall order. Aid agencies quickly prepared for a rise in mental health issues in the area and began to devise strategies to increase mental health professional’s abilities to aid survivors in coping with the aftermath. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 50% of the affected population would experience mental issues, with 5-10% of those survivors experiencing severe issues. Additionally, a survey of survivors showed over 40% of children affected suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (World Health Organization, 2005).
The potential for disaster recovery in a situation like this is slim. To start, the tsunami struck areas that are generally considered poor. Without things such as insurance, as well as the destruction of their homes and livelihoods, survivors lost everything with almost no hope of recovering what they once had. Most were left asking themselves, “what now?” Additionally, as previously noted, almost everyone affected ended up losing a friend or a loved one, which fractures social structures and can leave survivors without a will to carry on and reach a point of recovery.
I think it is hard to apply recovery principles to this event. Phase 1 in particular was not and does not apply, because there was no real chance to prepare for a disaster such as this. A vast majority of the areas struck by the tsunami were far enough away that they did not feel the earthquake. Perplexed beachgoers even chased the receding waterline before the tsunami struck (Roos, 2018). Additionally, a majority of the mental health professionals working after the event worked through outside aid agencies, and were not there before the event to integrate with the community (World Health Organization, 2005). Phase 2 was not present, because again, most of the aid provided was from outside aid agencies. There was no community bonding and so-called “hero phase”. This carries on into phase 3. This is perhaps the most prevalent phase for this pa ...
All
written assignments
submitted
via
TurnitIn
should
have
limited
similarity
indexes.
Similarity index
of
greater
than
20%
is
not
acceptable
and
is
viewed
as
an
indication
of
high plagiarism
content.
_____________________________________________
Minimum of 15 slides, cited and APA Style.
Presentation has to include Assessment, labs, confirmatory testing for these diseases, differential diagnosis, final diagnosis and treatment for each one of them. picture sample would be helpful.
Should you have any questions please dont hesitate to contact me.
Burns,
Pediatric primary care
Atopic, Rheumatic, and Immunodeficiency Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Hematologic Disorders
...
Already had this assignment before, but, need to have it rewritten sAzaleeRutledge285
Already had this assignment before, but, need to have it rewritten so its not the same thing again. Please rewrite and make it different. Information in references is already there but you can add it it.
Abstract
Children often are the ones that will suffer with the many disabilities. Most parents are denied custody in some cases of their children. The challenges that the parents face with the ever-intellectual disabilities with raising children. Several facts and arguments will be made to help with the support and the opposed individuals (parents) with intellectual disabilities trying to help with the up bring of their children. Helping with the support and the intervention, recommendations that are vital to this process will be outlined. With the challenges being made and the high expectations will all be met.
Introduction
People with disabilities have always been faced with problems that in most cases are associated with the perception of the members of the community. In most cases, they are people who cannot bring up healthy children. At the same time, they are perceived as people who do not have what it takes to be equal members of the society. However, the level of disability ought to be a consideration. Some of the people with disabilities have all it takes to raise their children and therefore they should not be denied the opportunity to do so. However, there is also a need to support them for the sake of making sure that their children are provided with all the resources they need to be as active as the children of healthy parents.
Historical trends to people with disabilities
The differences from ten years ago
There is a vast difference between what was happening ten years ago and what is happening now. In the modern day, the law and the members of the society have realized that disability is not inability. As a result, the law and the members of the society are trying to support the disabled rather than take away what they already have. Instead of taking away their children, measures to support them are put in place with the intention of making them enjoy parenthood and feel as part and parcel of the society (Cuskelly & Bryde, 2004).
How far we have come
The people with disabilities have been embraced more than ever. The private sector and the public sector are working together to make sure that people with disabilities are empowered. The steps include presenting the opportunities of employment, encouraging the disabled to be educated, nurturing their talents because some of them might not be good when it comes to academics, and making sure that they have access to the resources that are likely to make their lives better (Olsson & Hwang, 2001).
What still needs to be done
Significant strides have been made towards embracing the members of the society who have exceptionalities. However, more is yet to be done. It is imperative to remember that people with disabilities do not choose to be in their situations and a ...
Although 90 of all desktop computers use Windows as their operaAzaleeRutledge285
Although 90% of all desktop computers use Windows as their operating system, there are two popular alternatives - Apple's Mac OS and the Linux open-source operating system. In this assignment, you will investigate an operating system other than the one you usually use to see how it handles common operating system functions.
Find a friend, relative, or co-worker with a computer that uses an operating system that you don't usually use (Windows, Mac OS, or Linux). Try out the operating system, and observe how it works compared with the operating system that you normally use. Pick the 4 or 5 things you do the most and use those in your comparison. Some examples might be organizing files, creating documents, accessing the Internet, using e-mail, uninstalling software, etc. Do not compare two different Windows systems (for example, Windows 8 and Windows 10).
...
All,In this discussion thread, you are tasked with the selectionAzaleeRutledge285
All,
In this discussion thread, you are tasked with the selection of your 2 companies for the first quiz question for this module.
The quiz for Module 1 consists of 3 essay questions, worth 15 points each.
For the first question:
You are asked to identify 2 unique companies - one that you believe pursues a lowest-cost strategy and another that pursues a differentiation strategy.
Relying on personal knowledge, company annual reports, or articles in newspapers and business periodicals, discuss these companies' competitive strategies.
In this discussion thread, you will share with the class the 2 companies you have selected for your analysis. Each student is expected to select 2 unique companies - in other words, each company can be used only once for the question. So my suggestion is to select early and post here - the first student who selects the company will be allowed the use of that company. At that point, different companies must be selected.
student 1
A company that pursues the lowest-cost strategy would be Walmart, which I am sure comes to everyone's mind when thinking about this topic. If you are looking to buy products at the lowest price possible, Walmart is where to go. They can offer their products at “Everyday Low Prices” just as their slogan suggests on a large scale. Walmart can keep their prices low by the enormous volume of sales and the large customer base. Walmart cost-effectively manages its supply chain. “Supply chain management based on electronic product information, vendor role in distribution, and layout of warehouses: Walmart has a supply chain system that is regarded in multiple quarters as one of the most technologically advanced and efficient” (Hyde, 2018). In my opinion, Walmart sometimes has a bad reputation for not being the nicest looking or lacking cashiers, but that does not seem to matter as the price seems to drive their sales and people are taking advantage of their prices and products. I believe the growth for e-commerce will only help their sales and keep them on the top as a company that offers the lowest prices around.
A company that comes to mind that pursues the differentiation strategy is Chipolte Mexican Grill. Their number one focus is the quality of the ingredients that go into their food. Chipolte will not have the cheapest fast food but it will have the best quality ingredients compared to its competitors. According to Herosmyth (2020), Chipolte uses local and sustainable ingredients and pride’s itself in working with family farmers that are located within a 130-mile radius of each restaurant location. They also offer non-GMO ingredients that help them stick out from the rest. As their food is not the cheapest, their differentiation strategy is working as they are one of the top Mexican fast-food restaurants in the US.
Compensation professionals that utilize the differentiation strategy need to focus on their client’s needs and beliefs to be successful as the cost of th ...
All too often, we forget what rights and liberties that have been grAzaleeRutledge285
All too often, we forget what rights and liberties that have been granted to us as citizens and not to the government. This assignment will help you in reviewing some of the basic principles upon which the United States was founded.
In this assignment, you will examine the Bill of Rights, and then you will select one of the first 10 amendments. Provide your interpretation of the selection, and then compare it to another country’s citizen rights to ascertain if it would be permissible there.
In your essay, address the subjects below.
1) Examine overall civil rights and liberties for an individual in the United States.
2) Compare the selected Bill of Rights amendment to the rights of citizens from another country.
Your essay must be at least three (3) pages in length, not counting the title page and references page. You must include an introduction. Make certain to include a minimum of four sources, one of which should be the
article “The Bill of Rights: What Does It Say?”
and the
Unit VI Lesson Presentation video
Experts Define Pretrial Procedures
. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Follow APA Style when constructing this assignment. Please note that no abstract is needed.
Links to Above Sources:
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights/what-does-it-say
Films Media Group. (2001).
Order in the court
.
Films On Demand
.
https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=11902
.
...
All three essay responses must be a minimum of 500 words in length.AzaleeRutledge285
All three essay responses must be a minimum of 500 words in length.
NO PLAGIARISM, facts.
1) Describe the mythic frontiersman and give examples of how this character has been portrayed in American culture. Within your response be sure to address the following questions: Did myths about the frontier reflect reality or an idealized version of frontier life? Why have Americans had such a fondness for the frontier myth? How did this myth influence the conservation movement?
2) Compare and contrast the approaches of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois in dealing with the oppression of African-Americans during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Within your response be sure to address the following questions: What organizations did African-Americans form? What were the attitudes of progressives toward the plight of African-Americans? Were the problems of African-Americans handled differently at the federal, state, and local levels?
3) Generally discuss the Great Depression. As part of your discussion be sure to address the Depression's causes, and the efforts of the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations to bring the United States out o economic problems.
...
All these three are the main question of the unit!AccordAzaleeRutledge285
All these three are the main question of the unit!
According to the unit, what experiential factors contribute to the liminal state of the featured ethnic minority women featured in the unit.?
According to the unit, how does liminality create a cultural chasm for the featured ethnic minority women from the unit? (Use 2 forms of support different from #1)
According to the unit, how does challenging white supremacy leverage resilience?
RESILIENCE was featured in unit 2 by exemplifying ethnic minority women sharing their experiential factors in their struggle living in a liminal state, where balancing their identity between the cultural chasm and white supremacy is part of their everyday life.
Unit Outcomes
To identify the liminal experience women of color endure.
To engage in the pull and tug of having to choose between which parts of their mothers' heritages and the knowledge of themselves in the effort to become resilient
Unit Language
Liminality
Cultural Chasm
White Supremacy
UNIT CONTENT
Film List
These films may be rented via Amazon Prime, iTunes, Google Play or YouTube if you do not have access to the film. Since we save lots of money on textbooks for this course, a rental will be worth it. Many public libraries also have access to these films.
Lakota Woman
Mary Crow Dog, daughter of a desperately poor Indian family in South Dakota, is swept up in the protests of the 1960s and becomes sensitized to the injustices that society inflicts on her people. She aids the Lakota in their struggle for their rights: a struggle that culminates in an armed standoff with US government forces at the site of an 1890 massacre
(free via YouTube)
The Joy Luck Club
(available via rental on YouTube and Google Play or buy it via iTunes)
Here is the trailer:
The Joy Luck Club - Trailer
The Color of Purple
(available via rental YouTube, iTunes and Google Play))
Here is the trailer
The Color Purple (1985) Official Trailer - Oprah Winfrey, Steven Spielberg Movie HD
Real Women Have Curves
(HBO & available for rental in iTunes, YouTube, Amazon Prime & Google Play)
Here is the tailer
Real Women Have Curves (2002) - Trailer (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Nappily Ever After
(Netflix)
Here is the trailer
Nappily Ever After | Official Trailer [HD] | Netflix (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
To All the Boys I've Loved Before
(Netflix)
Here is the trailer:
To All The Boys I've Loved Before | Official Trailer [HD] | Netflix (Links to an external site.)Links to an external
Good Hair
(available for rental in iTunes, YouTube, Amazon Prime & Google Play)
Here is the trailer:
Good Hair ft. Chris Rock- HD Official Trailer (Links to an external site.)Links to an external sit
These Directions are reply every single question method explain, support.
Directions:
Restate the question into a statement. For example, change the ques ...
All the requirements are in the first docx.The format requiremenAzaleeRutledge285
All the requirements are in the first docx.
The format requirements are in the second docx.
You need to finish: 1. a media plan 2. one page advertising page 3. one page pop up.
You
don't
need to do anything about research report. Just pass it.
the template of media plan is provided.
This is for final and you must do it very carefully. THANKS.
...
All the information must be from the power-points no other sourceAzaleeRutledge285
All the information must be from the power-points:
no other sources allowed.
Also, you must put the
information in your OWN WORDS
.
1. THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA
a) When was this council, and who called it?
b) What was the viewpoint of Athanasius?
c) What was the viewpoint of Arius?
d) What was the short-term result of the Council, and what does it have to do with Christianity today?
...
All students are required to have completed 5 Deaf Culture HoursAzaleeRutledge285
All students are required to have completed 5 Deaf Culture Hours. Upon completion, please type a 2 typed page report detailing your thoughts and feelings you had during the Deaf Culture events, watching movies and reading Deaf culture books. The report is cumulative for all 5 Deaf Culture hours.
Please type the report in double spaced Arial and 12 font then please do both: upload the document into canvas and also bring the hard copy to me in person with the report be stapled.
...
All the info you will need are uploaded.Before you contact me maAzaleeRutledge285
All the info you will need are uploaded.
Before you contact me make sure that you can do and guarantee me an A+.
I'll make sure that you understand all the details before I accept the bid.
There is a Word Document including several of resources use only the once provided DON'T USE OTHER SOURCES!
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All responses are to be written in essay format and should include sAzaleeRutledge285
All responses are to be written in essay format and should include specific details from the lectures and readings to illustrate understanding of the material. Students must have two in-text citations, either the lectures or the readings, for the post. Quotes should be kept to a minimum. Your response should be a minimum of 400words. Remember to use proper grammar, spelling, punctuation and APA style. Provide a word count at the bottom of your post. Also include In text citations from Readings
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All posts must be a minimum of 250 words. APA reference. 100 originAzaleeRutledge285
All posts must be a minimum of 250 words. APA reference. 100% original work. no plagiarism.
1. Describe the five basic attacks on authentication systems.
2. Outline the symmetric encryption process and explain the components involved in the process.
3. Summarize the different situations in which people use file encryption software.
4. Describe the different categories of asymmetric encryption algorithms and how they are used in practice.
...
All papers may be subject to submission for textual similarity revieAzaleeRutledge285
All papers may be subject to submission for textual similarity review to Turnitin.com for the detection of plagiarism
those are the two quistions
What are the disadvantages of Henrietta in particular and her colleagues, pursuing careers in astronomy during this time period? Choose one scene and describe how character relationships and the outcome of the play would change if the central characters were male instead of female.
--
I don't have the book , i need someone who can have it and answer the two questions
silent sky by lauren gunderson
answer 2 questions in 4 pages double space
...
All I want 5 pages research on the following questions.1- WhatAzaleeRutledge285
All I want 5 pages research on the following questions.
1- What is Design build mean (DB) ?
2- What does it mean to have a Design build (DB) project ?
3- What Risks and Liabilities for the parties ?
4- a graph of the design build method process.
...
All living organisms have basic needs. Access to food and water are AzaleeRutledge285
All living organisms have basic needs. Access to food and water are two of them.
Explain why macromolecules (food) and water are essential to life at the cellular level.
Consider the equation Food + Water + x = Life, what additional factor (x) would you add? Explain why you consider that this factor is essential to life.
...
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US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Author: Chen, Han1; Chen, Rui2; Shaniel Bernard3; Rahman, Imran31 Lester E. Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Administration, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA3 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
Publication info: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ; Bradford Vol. 31, Iss. 4, (2019): 1720-1743.
Abstract:
Purpose
This study aims to develop a parsimonious model to estimate US aggregate hotel industry revenue using domestic trips, consumer confidence index, international inbound trips, personal consumption expenditure and number of hotel rooms as predictor variables. Additionally, the study applied the model in six sub-segments of the hotel industry – luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy.
Design/methodology/approach
Using monthly aggregate data from the past 22 years, the study adopted the auto-regressive distribute lags (ARDL) approach in developing the estimation model. Unit root analysis and cointegration test were further utilized. The model showed significant utility in accurately estimating aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Findings
All predictor variables except number of rooms showed significant positive influences on aggregate hotel industry revenue. Substantial variations were noted regarding estimating sub-segment revenue. Consumer confidence index positively affected all sub-segment revenues, except for upper upscale hotels. Inbound trips by international tourists and personal consumption expenditure positively influenced revenue for all sub-segments but economy hotels. Domestic trips by US residents added significant explanatory power to only upper upscale, upscale and economy hotel revenue. Number of hotel rooms only had significant negative effect on luxury and upper upscale hotel sub-segment revenues.
Practical implications
Hotel operators can make marketing and operating decisions regarding pricing, inventory allocation and strategic management based on the revenue estimation models specific to their segments.
Originality/value
It is the first study that adopted the ARDL bound approach and analyzed the predictive capacity of macroeconomic variables on aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Links:
Full text:
1. Introduction
The tourism industry has positioned itself as one of the nation’s largest employers representing 8.0 per cent of US GDP (World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), 2015). The lodging industry, being one of its ...
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
All women around the world in some stage of their life career
1. All women around the world in some stage of their life career
need to break the "glass ceiling" to
accomplish their career goals. The ceiling is located above the
lowest middle-level management positions
and prevents women from attaining higher management
positions (Glass Ceiling Commission 1995).
Equality in the workplace has resulted in equal opportunities
been presented to the male and female gender.
Equity programs, as well as rising education levels among the
female gender, have led to changes in career
paths for women. Additionally, work-life balance policies
presented to women in organizations have
enhanced equality. However, despite the considerable
advancements and considerations in gender equality at
the workplace, the glass ceiling remains to be a threat to a
career for ethnic minorities and especially Saudi
Arabian women. The glass ceiling acts as a barrier that prohibits
black women from advancing to top
managerial positions in the organizations in the United States.
The barrier presents gender differences and
inequalities that increase throughout a black woman’s career.
Promotions are limited in male-dominated
2. organizations, as well as female characteristics been used to
justify the glass ceiling effect. The essay will
discuss the threats imposed by the glass ceiling on Saudi
women’s career development through close analysis
from different theories such as feminism theory, and critical
race theory.
Saudi:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a rapid and
impressive growth of women participating
in all levels of education in recent years. However, there are
many areas of the educational sector
where gender segregation is still prevalent especially in relation
to access to the best educators and
resources (Smith & Abouammah, 2013). In the last 19 years,
Saudi Arabia has invested a significant
amount of money in its educational sector and has raised the
overall number of faculty members, both
men and women, by 175%. According to Jamjoom and Kelly
(2013),
In 2011, women gained access to political power. King
Abdullah announced that women would be
allowed to vote, as well as run for elections, in the 2015
municipal elections (Alkayed, 2015). Saudi
3. women were allowed to join the Shura Council, “the
traditionally all men body which drafts laws,
debates major issues, and provides advice to the king”
(Hamdan, 2013, para.1). After joining the
Shura Council in 2013, women then became appointed as deputy
chairpersons of three committees
within the Shura Council in the same year. All of these actions
have helped to open doors to
managerial and leadership positions within many other
organizations in Saudi Arabia (Alkayed,
2015).
However, despite the new increased role of women in leadership
positions in Saudi Arabia, they still
faced difficulties compared to their male counterparts due to
personal, institutional, and cultural
challenges which can affect their effectiveness as leaders.
Although Saudi women had high
qualifications, job experience, and a readiness to take
leadership positions in organizations, the
structural and cultural barriers that exist in Saudi Arabia need
to be addressed before the new
policies that the government put in place to empower women
could move forward (Abu Al-Ola,
4. 2014). For example, in Saudi Arabian universities, women
typically do not have the decision-
making power and are currently not part of the planning
process. Saudi women also face a lack of
resources and lack of empowerment in the work world as well
(AlAhmadi, 2011)
In Saudi Arabia, women appear to be seeking leadership roles in
higher education and then hitting
glass ceilings that limit their upward mobility.
The glass ceiling in Saudi higher education experienced by
Saudi women may be explained by
various influences or barriers such as cultural, social
segregation (Jamjoom & Kelly, 2013),
discrimination (Elamin & Omair, 2010), institutional barriers
(Al-Kayed, 2015), and personal
factors (Al-Ghamdi, 2013). These things are all important to
study because many Saudi women
appear to be facing glass ceilings when attempting to obtain
leadership positions in 15 higher
education and even when women secure senior university
positions, they often do not have the same
power and authority that their male colleagues have.
Cultural aspect
5. Saudi Arabia is a socially and religiously conservative country
[24]. Its has a high cultural
homogeneity based on tribal and Islamic affiliations and
therefore has a unique and complex culture.
Hence it is difficult to differentiate between Islamic principles
and Arabic customs [2]. Some customs,
such as the belief that women should not drive cars or practise
Law or Engineering are not from
Islamic law but have become entrenched in the culture [16].
Women’s function in wider society is
limited and Saudi Arabia has one of the lowest participation of
women in the workplace, particularly
from graduates.
Islam and Saudi Arabia are closely intertwined and many
scholars have commented on the close-
knit relationship. Denman and Hilal (2011), for example,
explained that “the Islamic religion is
considered as much a part of the Saudi identity as the country’s
longstanding history as part of the
greater Arab Peninsula” (p. 304). Moreover, Ochsenwald (1981)
wrote: "In Saudi Arabia from its
inception Islam has been the omnipresent and dominant factor
6. in public life" (p. 274). Saudi Arabia
is considered as one of the most conservative and orthodox
Muslim societies in the world. In fact,
Saudi Arabia is the only Arab theocratic country where Islam is
greatly intertwined with the
government
Feminist Theory
Feminism is a belief in social, economic as well as political
equality of the two genders [17]. It
recognises and criticises male supremacy while making efforts
to change it.
Feminists generally fight for gender equality “and argue that
women should have an equal share in
society’s opportunities” as well as other resources that are
scarce [17-21].
The principal relevance of the feminist theory is to define and
analyse the critical possibilities affiliated
to gender inequality [31]. Feminism asserts that the position of
the woman in society is determined by
institutional and social factors, in addition, there is ample
evidence demonstrating that women have
been continuously treated as inferior citizens [13]. As a mode of
analysis, feminism is grounded in the
7. link between the social institutions which influence the daily
life of individuals and in a desire for
social change. As a theory, feminism is both scientific and
political. According to reference [13],
feminist scholars are identified by their political interest in
protesting against women’s oppression and
view their scholarly work as a contribution to comprehensive
understanding of why and how
liberation of women should be achieved.
In the recent past, the government has developed campaigns
against gender segregation with the
major stakeholders endeavouring to ensure change in the
education processes within the Saudi
political system and promoting equality by institutionalising
more female learning institutions to
enhance the number of Saudi women reaching higher education
[23]. Importantly, the scrutiny on
women’s rights to bring about gender equality, particularly in
education and leadership, defines the
value- 122 American Journal of Educational Research free
direction within the political systems, not
only in Saudi Arabia, but also in global political systems [26].
The processes involved in mitigating this
8. sexual objectification and stereotyping directed against women
in Saudi society with regard to
education achievement include education equity by opening
more institutions of higher learning for
women, mainstreaming the school curricula for girls’
institutions of learning and incorporating
subjects and career fields that do not discriminate against the
interaction between the males and
females in this society [16].
“Providing Equal Opportunities.” According to Al Saud (n.d.),
Our economy will provide
opportunities for everyone – men and women, young and old, so
they may contribute to the best of
their abilities. We will place a renewed emphasis on 14 lifelong
training, and we will seek to make
the most of the potential of our workforce by encouraging a
culture of high performance. These
efforts will be coordinated by the recently established Job
Creation and Anti-Unemployment
Commission… Saudi women are yet another great asset. With
over 50 percent of our university
graduates being female, we will continue to develop their
talents, invest in their productive
9. capabilities and enable them to strengthen their future and
contribute to the development of our
society and economy. (Al-Saud, n,d, p.37) As seen in this quote,
there is support for support for
women in relation to completing the Saudi 2030 vision.
Insert statistics of working men and women ratio.
As of 2016, there were 38 universities in Saudi Arabia, with 28
being public and 10 private. There
were also 20 private colleges and four “other” higher
educational institutions 20 (Ministry of
Education, 2016). Within these institutions, there were 4,462-
degree programs’. These degree
programs were divided by gender, with 31% of the degree
programs offered only to men, 18.6%
were for women only, and 50.4% of the degree programs are
provided to both men and women
(Ministry of Education, 2015a). Although the number of private
universities was high, 82.3% of
degree programs were provided in public universities, while
only eight percent were provided by
private universities and 9.7% were provided by other
institutions (Ministry of Education, 2015a).
10. Eight universities were restricted solely to male enrollment and
employment, five were restricted to
female enrollment and employment, and the remaining
institutions had both genders as employees
and students (Ministry of Education, 2015a). One of the five
women’s institutions, Princess Nora
University, was “founded in 2007, was the world’s largest
university for women with an enrollment
of over 52,000 undergraduate and graduate students” (Saudi
Embassy, 2016, para.30). However,
although most of the universities employ both men and women,
nearly all of the presidents were
men. The only time that there were female university presidents
was when the university was
women-only (Ministry of Education, 2015a). system.
In higher education, the situation is not much better. Although
the percentage of women university
presidents in the United States has increased from 23% in 2006
to 26% in 2011 (American Council
on Education, 2012), the 26% still seems to be small in
comparison to the percentage of women in
the labor force. In Europe, women make up 10% of leadership
positions in organizations (European
Commission, 2005, cited in Ryan, Haslam, & Kulich, 2010).
11. The scenario for Saudi women is no
better than for women around the world, since only 6.1% out of
the total number of professional
Saudi women in the workforce are in administration, including
leadership positions (Ministry of
Economy and Planning, 2010).
Example of workplace experiences and link to feminism
In Arab societies, regardless of women’s positions in the public
and private sectors, women are
considered inferior and subordinates to men, even if he may
have fewer qualifications (Hamdan,
2005). This scenario is strongly replicated in Saudi Arabian
leadership positions, and the decision-
making roles are predominantly male. Saudi men are in charge
of running all sectors in the country,
regardless of their qualifications; even though qualified,
educated women are available, as well. The
highest leadership position a Saudi women can reach, especially
in higher education, is serving as a
deputy to her male counterparts. This form of glass ceiling
created by the cultural perception of
women’s roles as assistants to men is 33 constraining their
12. advancement and professional growth.
Until this glass ceiling is unveiled, the status quo for Saudi
women will remain the same
(AlMunajjed, 1997, 2010; Hamdan, 2005).
Since women hold less status than men in society and the
workplace, many organization and
institutions construct policies and culture that perpetuate this
status for women (Eagly, 1987;
Sabattini & Crosby, 2009). Such institutional policies and
culture force female leaders to either
speak out or to be passive. Meanwhile, the voices of these
women challenge the traditional
institutional culture imposed upon them. And, either option,
being silenced or heard, still could
harm these female leaders (Chan, 2010). Sabattini and Crosby
(2009) suggested that 46
organizations and institutions should implement flexible work-
life and family-friendly policies to
decrease the gender gap in leadership positions. They proposed:
utilizing technologies, career
flexibility, work-life programs, leadership support, managers’
and employees’ training,
implementing governmental initiatives, and changing the culture
to be more inclusive and
13. supportive (Sabattini & Crosby, 2009)
conclusion:
In Saudi Arabia, the situation for women seeking leadership
opportunities is similar to women
worldwide, but perhaps even more challenging due to religious
and cultural norms. This 59 chapter
also provided an overview of Saudi Arabia’s culture, primary
and higher education, and work
opportunities.
Methodology :
The previous chapter discussed prevalent literature on the
subject of work-life balance and MCT.
This chapter will discuss how the research will be conducted in
order to answer the questions set
out at the beginning of this dissertation. This chapter will firstly
concentrate, in Section 3.2, on the
research philosophy, discussing the different ontologies and
epistemologies available and which is
best suited for this research. Secondly, in Section 3.3, the most
appropriate data collection technique
will be chosen based on the ontology and epistemology selected.
14. Following that, the sources of data
will be explained and how they were selected for this research
in Section 3.4. Section 3.5 will
evaluate the ethical issues that this research poses. Finally, the
data analysis tool will be discussed,
demonstrating its benefits in Section 3.6
interpretivist paradigm is originally rooted in the fact that
methods used to understanding
knowledge related to human and social sciences cannot be the
same as its usage in physical sciences
because human interprets their world and then acts based on
such interpretation while the world
does not (Hammersley, 2013, p. 26). Consequently,
interpretivists adapt a relativist ontology in
which a single phenomenon may have multiple interpretations
rather than a truth that can be
determined by a process of measurement. Virtually, with
interpretivism perspective, researchers
tend to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and its
complexity in its unique context
instead of trying to generalise the base of understanding for the
whole population (Creswell, 2007).
In the same way, Hammersley (2013) emphasises that since
multiple interpretation is developed
15. among humans’ relationship, interpretivist researchers should
try to understand “the diverse ways of
seeing and experiencing the world through different contexts
and cultures” and try to avoid the bias
in studying the events and people with their own interpretations.
From this aspect, it is highlighted
some advantages of this paradigm in coming discussion. The
first advantage is that with the
diversifying views to look into phenomena, interpretivist
researchers can not only describe objects,
human or events, but also deeply understand them in social
context. In addition, researchers also
can conduct these types of research in natural setting via
utilising key methodologies as grounded
theory, 4 ethnography, case study or life history to gain the
insider’s insights of research’s objects
(Tuli, 2010) to provide with more authentic information related
to the object of research. Second, as
leveraging key method of interactive interview which “allows
researcher to investigate and prompt
things that we cannot observe, researchers can probe an
interviewee’s thoughts, values, prejudices,
16. perceptions, views, feelings and perspectives” (Wellington &
Szczerbinski, 2007). Thus, valuable
data collected will provide researchers with better insights for
further action later. Despite of above
key strengths, this paradigm also remains some disadvantages.
One of these limitations is that the
intepretivists aim to gain the deeper understanding and
knowledge of phenomena within its
complexity of the context rather than generalise these results to
other people and other contexts
(Cohen, Manion & Marison, 2011), hence it tends to leave out a
gap in verifying validity and
usefulness of research outcomes with using scientific
procedures. The second criticism of
interpretivism is that its ontological view tends to be subjective
rather than objective (Mack, 2010).
For this reason, research outcomes are unquestionally affected
by the researcher’s own
interpretation, own belief system, ways of thinking or cultural
preference which causes to many
bias. The last limitation of interpretivism is about the lack of
addressing the political and ideological
impact on knowledge and social reality. This paradigm targets
to understanding of current
17. phenomena rather than focusing the problems related to
empowerment of individuals and societies.
Mack (2010) refers that this theoretical perspective implicitly
neglects the issues of power and
agency, which are features of our society. Interestingly, this
specific limitation has potentially led to
the role of critical inquiry in further enhancing the
practicability of research