How does alcohol affect memory for sexual assault, and memory for forensically relevant details in particular? This talk provides an overview of research on the topic.
REMEMBERING RAPE: THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOL EXPEC...Heather Flowe
This study examined how acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol expectancies affect women's memory of a simulated rape scenario. 78 women participated in a study with a 2 (alcohol vs tonic beverage) x 2 (told drink was alcohol vs tonic) between-subjects design. Women viewed a rape scenario and were later tested on their memory of events. Results showed that women accurately remembered consensual activities regardless of intoxication. While intoxicated women were less accurate about the perpetrator's behavior, alcohol consumption and expectancy did not significantly impact accuracy. Women expecting alcohol performed better overall. Confidence in memory correlated with greater accuracy, regardless of intoxication. The study suggests alcohol may not necessarily impair memory quality but a higher dose may
A Vision for the Capital Area Sexual Assault Response Center (CASARC)The Listening Ear
CASARC is the Capital Area Sexual Assault Response Center, a joint inter-agency community effort to create a single point of prevention, response, and after care for sexual assault victims and their significant others.
Alcohol mediates the relationship between alcohol and reporting rape to the p...Heather Flowe
This study experimentally examined within a hypothetical rape scenario the role of victim alcohol intoxication and self-blame in perceiving and reporting to the police non-consensual sexual intercourse as rape. Participants (N = 79) consumed alcohol (mean BAC = .075%) or tonic water, and alcohol expectancy was manipulated. Thereafter, they participated in an interactive hypothetical dating scenario that allowed them to control the level of intimacy occurring. Once they stopped consenting, an act of rape was depicted. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that forced non-consensual intercourse was perceived as rape. However, women who believed they had consumed alcohol as opposed to tonic were less likely to indicate they would report the rape to the police. The association between rape reporting and alcohol expectancy was fully mediated by participant self-blame. The implications of the results are discussed.
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Accuracy and the Confidence–Accuracy R...Heather Flowe
Rape complainants are often alcohol intoxicated during the attack, raising questions about the accuracy of their testimony and their ability to gauge the likely accuracy of the testimony that they provide. This study examines the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on lineup identification accuracy and the confidence-accuracy relationship. We randomly assigned women (n=153) to consume alcohol (dosed to achieve a 0.08% BAC) or tonic water, controlling for alcohol expectancy. Women then participated in an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario and, twenty-four hours or seven days later, attempted to identify the assailant from a perpetrator present or a perpetrator absent simultaneous lineup and reported their decision confidence. Overall, levels of identification accuracy were similar across the alcohol and tonic water groups. However, women who had consumed tonic water as opposed to alcohol identified the assailant with higher confidence on average. Further, calibration analyses suggested confidence is predictive of accuracy regardless of alcohol consumption. The theoretical and applied implications of our results are discussed.
The study surveyed 779 youth ages 17-25 about their experiences with sexual violence perpetration. It found that those who perpetrated against romantic partners differed in their tactics, reasons, and blame attribution compared to those who perpetrated against non-romantic partners. Specifically, romantic partner perpetrators were more likely to feel guilty or angry, target partners because of personal feelings, and blame the victim, whereas non-romantic partner perpetrators were more likely to use alcohol and feel horny as reasons to target strangers. The study concludes more research is needed to better understand and prevent sexual violence depending on the relationship between perpetrator and victim.
The Effect of Psychological Conditions on Sexuality: A Review_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersPPrs
Depression and anxiety are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction in both men and women. Epidemiological studies have found that 12-month prevalence of at least one sexual dysfunction is between 30-70% in sexually active adults in high-income countries. Most research has shown that depression is correlated with reduced libido and sexual interest, though a minority of depressed individuals report increased interest. Schizophrenia has also been shown to impact sexuality, with schizophrenic individuals reporting sexual hallucinations and being at high risk for unsafe sex and sexually transmitted diseases. Counseling can help address underlying causes of sexual dysfunctions not related to medical issues.
Attitudes towards PrEP Among Philadelphia's Health Center PatientsOffice of HIV Planning
Dr. Helena Kwakwa from the Philadelphia Department of Public Health presented on the Health Centers' PrEP program at the December meeting of the Philadelphia Ryan White Part A Planning Council.
This study examined the relationship between experiences of adult sexual assault (ASA) severity and drinking motives in 869 female heavy episodic drinkers aged 21-35. The results showed that as ASA severity increased, women were more likely to drink to cope with problems, to be social, and to conform to others. However, ASA severity was not related to drinking for enhancement reasons. The study suggests targeting coping motives could help reduce alcohol use in women with histories of ASA.
REMEMBERING RAPE: THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOL EXPEC...Heather Flowe
This study examined how acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol expectancies affect women's memory of a simulated rape scenario. 78 women participated in a study with a 2 (alcohol vs tonic beverage) x 2 (told drink was alcohol vs tonic) between-subjects design. Women viewed a rape scenario and were later tested on their memory of events. Results showed that women accurately remembered consensual activities regardless of intoxication. While intoxicated women were less accurate about the perpetrator's behavior, alcohol consumption and expectancy did not significantly impact accuracy. Women expecting alcohol performed better overall. Confidence in memory correlated with greater accuracy, regardless of intoxication. The study suggests alcohol may not necessarily impair memory quality but a higher dose may
A Vision for the Capital Area Sexual Assault Response Center (CASARC)The Listening Ear
CASARC is the Capital Area Sexual Assault Response Center, a joint inter-agency community effort to create a single point of prevention, response, and after care for sexual assault victims and their significant others.
Alcohol mediates the relationship between alcohol and reporting rape to the p...Heather Flowe
This study experimentally examined within a hypothetical rape scenario the role of victim alcohol intoxication and self-blame in perceiving and reporting to the police non-consensual sexual intercourse as rape. Participants (N = 79) consumed alcohol (mean BAC = .075%) or tonic water, and alcohol expectancy was manipulated. Thereafter, they participated in an interactive hypothetical dating scenario that allowed them to control the level of intimacy occurring. Once they stopped consenting, an act of rape was depicted. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that forced non-consensual intercourse was perceived as rape. However, women who believed they had consumed alcohol as opposed to tonic were less likely to indicate they would report the rape to the police. The association between rape reporting and alcohol expectancy was fully mediated by participant self-blame. The implications of the results are discussed.
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Accuracy and the Confidence–Accuracy R...Heather Flowe
Rape complainants are often alcohol intoxicated during the attack, raising questions about the accuracy of their testimony and their ability to gauge the likely accuracy of the testimony that they provide. This study examines the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on lineup identification accuracy and the confidence-accuracy relationship. We randomly assigned women (n=153) to consume alcohol (dosed to achieve a 0.08% BAC) or tonic water, controlling for alcohol expectancy. Women then participated in an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario and, twenty-four hours or seven days later, attempted to identify the assailant from a perpetrator present or a perpetrator absent simultaneous lineup and reported their decision confidence. Overall, levels of identification accuracy were similar across the alcohol and tonic water groups. However, women who had consumed tonic water as opposed to alcohol identified the assailant with higher confidence on average. Further, calibration analyses suggested confidence is predictive of accuracy regardless of alcohol consumption. The theoretical and applied implications of our results are discussed.
The study surveyed 779 youth ages 17-25 about their experiences with sexual violence perpetration. It found that those who perpetrated against romantic partners differed in their tactics, reasons, and blame attribution compared to those who perpetrated against non-romantic partners. Specifically, romantic partner perpetrators were more likely to feel guilty or angry, target partners because of personal feelings, and blame the victim, whereas non-romantic partner perpetrators were more likely to use alcohol and feel horny as reasons to target strangers. The study concludes more research is needed to better understand and prevent sexual violence depending on the relationship between perpetrator and victim.
The Effect of Psychological Conditions on Sexuality: A Review_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersPPrs
Depression and anxiety are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction in both men and women. Epidemiological studies have found that 12-month prevalence of at least one sexual dysfunction is between 30-70% in sexually active adults in high-income countries. Most research has shown that depression is correlated with reduced libido and sexual interest, though a minority of depressed individuals report increased interest. Schizophrenia has also been shown to impact sexuality, with schizophrenic individuals reporting sexual hallucinations and being at high risk for unsafe sex and sexually transmitted diseases. Counseling can help address underlying causes of sexual dysfunctions not related to medical issues.
Attitudes towards PrEP Among Philadelphia's Health Center PatientsOffice of HIV Planning
Dr. Helena Kwakwa from the Philadelphia Department of Public Health presented on the Health Centers' PrEP program at the December meeting of the Philadelphia Ryan White Part A Planning Council.
This study examined the relationship between experiences of adult sexual assault (ASA) severity and drinking motives in 869 female heavy episodic drinkers aged 21-35. The results showed that as ASA severity increased, women were more likely to drink to cope with problems, to be social, and to conform to others. However, ASA severity was not related to drinking for enhancement reasons. The study suggests targeting coping motives could help reduce alcohol use in women with histories of ASA.
The document discusses hate crime victimization and its implications for mental health practice. It provides data on the prevalence of hate crimes targeting LGBT individuals in California and the US. Victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes are more likely to experience mental health issues like PTSD. Effective treatment involves containment of safety risks, assessment of the event and individual, addressing diversity issues in therapy, reducing acute symptoms, and helping with identity recovery.
This document discusses drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). It explains that DFSA involves using drugs without a person's consent to sedate them and erase their memory, making them vulnerable to sexual assault. Common DFSA drugs include Rohypnol, GHB, alcohol, and other sedatives. It provides guidance for advocates on signs of possible DFSA, collecting evidence, and supporting victims through legal processes and recovery.
This document discusses three cases of women who did not report their sexual assaults to the police and analyzes why the legal system fails to support victims. Diane Jesson did not report because she felt self-blame, an 18-year-old student did not report out of fear of the legal process, and Aspen Matis did not report due to feeling shame. The document argues that police often question victims in ways that make them doubt their experiences or feel at fault. As a result, very few sexual assault cases make it to court and perpetrators are rarely prosecuted. It calls for the legal system to be more supportive and listen to victims' stories without judgment in order to encourage reporting of crimes.
This document discusses facts and statistics about the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault in the United States. It finds that the actual rate of sexual assault is 10 to 15 times greater than reported statistics, with studies showing that 24% of women have experienced sexual assault. Most sexual assaults are perpetrated by someone known to the victim, such as a date or acquaintance, rather than a stranger. Acquaintance rapes are less likely to be reported to police compared to stranger rapes. The document examines statistics from various studies and surveys on sexual assault.
Date and Acquaintance Rape - as given (4.19.2014)William Harryman
A presentation on the statistics of date and acquaintance rape and sexual assault. Included information on how bystanders can intervene and a prevention model that focuses on men. (This is shorter version cut back to fit time constraints.)
The study found that 8.5% of adolescents and young adults ages 13-20 reported perpetrating some form of sexual violence in their lifetime. Male perpetrators were more likely than females to report attempted rape or coercive sex. Female perpetrators tended to be older and victimize people older than themselves, while male perpetrators tended to be younger when they first offended and target younger victims. Very few sexual violence incidents were reported to authorities, with only one male perpetrator in the study reporting being arrested. The results provide initial nationwide estimates of adolescent sexual violence perpetration but have limitations due to sensitivity of the topic.
This study examined the relationship between trauma and alcoholism using data from 167 adults. Childhood physical and sexual abuse were associated with increased risk of earlier alcoholism onset. Those who experienced trauma also had higher odds of alcoholism, with odds ratios increasing with the number of trauma types. Both childhood abuse traits predicted earlier onset in multivariate models adjusting for covariates. A family history of alcoholism also increased risk and may interact genetically with trauma to influence age of onset. The results suggest trauma is an important risk factor for alcoholism and should be considered in prevention and treatment. However, the study had limitations like sample size and additional work is needed to further examine genetic and complex risk factor interactions.
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault Partners With Law EnforcementMedicalWhistleblower
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault is poorly understood and often not adequately investigated. This program seeks to describe the reality of drug facilitated sexual assault and to point out ways to improve outcomes for victims, law enforcement and social service providers.
This study investigates the reporting behavior of sexual assault survivors to police and whether their actions during the assault influence reporting. The study finds that victims who cooperated with their attacker were very unlikely to report to police, likely due to fears of stigma and not being believed. In contrast, victims who resisted their attacker were more likely to report. The implications are that stigma prevention strategies, like police training and victim advocates, could encourage more reporting and better support survivors' recovery process.
This case study examines challenges with PMTCT services at Clinic X in Country Z, where HIV prevalence is 32%. The clinic aims to increase male involvement to improve outcomes. Focus groups found that male participation is lacking due to cultural norms where men avoid health issues due to stigma. Men feel clinics are unwelcoming and staff are disrespectful. The top two recommended interventions are improving clinic environments and staff attitudes to create a more supportive experience for men, as greater understanding and involvement of male partners is needed to reduce vertical HIV transmission rates.
Syphilis co-infection among persons living with HIV infection in Shelby Count...CDC NPIN
This document describes a study of syphilis co-infection among people living with HIV in Shelby County, Tennessee between 2006-2009. The study found that 377 cases of co-infection were identified through linking HIV and syphilis surveillance data. 36% were concurrently diagnosed, 58% were diagnosed with HIV first, and 6% were diagnosed with syphilis first. Males, Black individuals, MSM, ages 13-29, and those diagnosed in public/correctional facilities had higher rates of co-infection. The results indicate continued risky sexual behaviors and a need for targeted prevention interventions.
Equal access to justice? Rape victimisation and psychosocial disabiltyLouise Ellison
This document discusses research on victimization rates and experiences of individuals with psychosocial disabilities (PSD) reporting rape. Several studies found much higher rates of violent victimization, including rape, among people with PSD compared to the general population. However, rape complaints involving complainants with recorded mental health conditions (MHC) in a UK police dataset were more likely to be discontinued, and those complainants were more likely to have their credibility doubted. Remaining gaps in data on PSD and attrition in criminal justice systems are inconsistent with equality obligations.
Domestic Violence and Same-Sex Domestic Violence in an HIV Ambulatory Care Se...ACON
Ruth Hennessy, Psychology Unit Manager/Senior Clinical Psychologist, Albion Street Centre
In response to the gaps in the 2006 NSW Health Domestic Violence Screening Policy, Albion Street Centre developed a research project to explore clients’ experience of DV, helpseeking behaviours and whether HIV was a factor in any abuse experienced.
Anonymous surveys were completed by 102 clients attending the Albion Street Centre, over two separate four week periods. This
podium presentation will report the findings of the survey and contribute to improving health care worker’s understanding of
DV and SSDV within HIV positive clients’ relationships.
Heavy drinking men reported more sexual experiences involving alcohol use compared to non-heavy drinking men. Heavy drinkers preferred having two or more drinks themselves and their partner drinking over one drink before sex. While heavy drinkers felt more confident gauging consent when intoxicated, non-heavy drinkers felt more confident when sober. Non-heavy drinkers also reported more positive attitudes toward sober sex and clearer communication compared to heavy drinkers. The findings suggest alcohol is a greater risk factor for sexual aggression among heavy drinking men.
Suicide Ideation Among First RespondersRob Ramsden
The document discusses a survey conducted on suicide ideation among first responders in Ontario. It found the strongest correlation with suicide ideation was in EMS respondents, followed by police. Several expected relationships like between critical incidents and suicide ideation were not statistically significant.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between denial and recidivism among treated sexual offenders. It finds that while some studies have found denial is not a predictor of recidivism, others have found links between denial and recidivism, particularly for high-risk offenders. The purpose of the current research being summarized is to examine how changes in levels of denial from pre-treatment to post-treatment relate to recidivism, treating denial as a dynamic rather than static measure. The methodology involves assessing denial at intake and discharge from a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for high-risk sexual offenders using a denial scale, and relating this to recidivism outcomes.
This webinar, dated October 28, 2015, provides behavioral health providers, veteran legal advocates, and others with an understanding of the circumstances in which veterans can become justice-involved, data on justice involvement, and California laws and treatment programs which affect veterans in criminal justice.
Veteran advocates, mental health care providers and criminal justice professionals now recognize evidence that military service-related mental or cognitive injuries may contribute to criminality.
As a result, a movement to treat rather than incarcerate veterans in eligible cases has emerged throughout the nation. California stands as a bellwether in this movement with a growing number of veteran treatment courts. In addition, the California legislature has expanded on criminal laws which provide alternative standards and sentencing for veterans with mental health trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder is increasingly being used in criminal defense.
The character of veterans in criminal justice:
Presenter: Megan Zottarelli, Senior Analyst, Institute for Veteran Policy at Swords to Plowshares.
California legislation affecting veterans in criminal justice: Presenter: Scott Franklin, Public Defender, Sacramento County
California Veteran Treatment Courts for eligible veterans: Presenter: Duncan MacVicar, California Veterans Legal Taskforce.
Rape can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims. PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event like rape, combat, or natural disasters. About 31% of women (211,000) develop PTSD after experiencing rape. Symptoms of PTSD include re-experiencing the trauma, social withdrawal, avoidance behaviors, and increased physiological arousal. Early intervention and treatment methods like cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication can help rape victims heal from PTSD. Risk factors for developing PTSD after rape include a history of depression, alcohol abuse, injury during the rape, previous trauma, and lack of social support.
The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Misinformation Acceptance and Confidenc...Heather Flowe
We experimentally examined the effects of alcohol consumption and exposure to misleading postevent information on memory for a hypothetical interactive rape scenario, examining whether memory encoding and retrieval processes differed in relation to intoxication. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (mean BAC = .06%) or tonic water before engaging in the scenario. Alcohol expectancy was controlled, and participant beliefs about the beverage they thought they had consumed and feelings of intoxication were measured. A week later, immediately before recalling the scenario, participants were exposed to a postevent narrative, ostensibly written by another research participant who had been interviewed about the scenario. After the recall task, participants completed a recognition test, reporting confidence in the likely accuracy of their answers. Participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic reported fewer correct details; but, they were no more likely to report incorrect or misleading information. Further, participants who had consumed alcohol were less likely to volunteer answers to recognition questions about misled items. The confidence-accuracy relationship for control and misled items was similar across groups, and there was some evidence that metacognitive discrimination was better for participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic. We discuss the implications for alcohol’s effect on memory encoding and retrieval strategies in the context of rape.
The document discusses a presentation by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It defines key terms, provides statistics on sexual assault prevalence, and discusses issues like consent, effects on victims, and the role of alcohol in sexual assaults. The presentation aims to raise awareness of these issues and provide information on local resources for victims of interpersonal violence.
The document discusses hate crime victimization and its implications for mental health practice. It provides data on the prevalence of hate crimes targeting LGBT individuals in California and the US. Victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes are more likely to experience mental health issues like PTSD. Effective treatment involves containment of safety risks, assessment of the event and individual, addressing diversity issues in therapy, reducing acute symptoms, and helping with identity recovery.
This document discusses drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). It explains that DFSA involves using drugs without a person's consent to sedate them and erase their memory, making them vulnerable to sexual assault. Common DFSA drugs include Rohypnol, GHB, alcohol, and other sedatives. It provides guidance for advocates on signs of possible DFSA, collecting evidence, and supporting victims through legal processes and recovery.
This document discusses three cases of women who did not report their sexual assaults to the police and analyzes why the legal system fails to support victims. Diane Jesson did not report because she felt self-blame, an 18-year-old student did not report out of fear of the legal process, and Aspen Matis did not report due to feeling shame. The document argues that police often question victims in ways that make them doubt their experiences or feel at fault. As a result, very few sexual assault cases make it to court and perpetrators are rarely prosecuted. It calls for the legal system to be more supportive and listen to victims' stories without judgment in order to encourage reporting of crimes.
This document discusses facts and statistics about the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault in the United States. It finds that the actual rate of sexual assault is 10 to 15 times greater than reported statistics, with studies showing that 24% of women have experienced sexual assault. Most sexual assaults are perpetrated by someone known to the victim, such as a date or acquaintance, rather than a stranger. Acquaintance rapes are less likely to be reported to police compared to stranger rapes. The document examines statistics from various studies and surveys on sexual assault.
Date and Acquaintance Rape - as given (4.19.2014)William Harryman
A presentation on the statistics of date and acquaintance rape and sexual assault. Included information on how bystanders can intervene and a prevention model that focuses on men. (This is shorter version cut back to fit time constraints.)
The study found that 8.5% of adolescents and young adults ages 13-20 reported perpetrating some form of sexual violence in their lifetime. Male perpetrators were more likely than females to report attempted rape or coercive sex. Female perpetrators tended to be older and victimize people older than themselves, while male perpetrators tended to be younger when they first offended and target younger victims. Very few sexual violence incidents were reported to authorities, with only one male perpetrator in the study reporting being arrested. The results provide initial nationwide estimates of adolescent sexual violence perpetration but have limitations due to sensitivity of the topic.
This study examined the relationship between trauma and alcoholism using data from 167 adults. Childhood physical and sexual abuse were associated with increased risk of earlier alcoholism onset. Those who experienced trauma also had higher odds of alcoholism, with odds ratios increasing with the number of trauma types. Both childhood abuse traits predicted earlier onset in multivariate models adjusting for covariates. A family history of alcoholism also increased risk and may interact genetically with trauma to influence age of onset. The results suggest trauma is an important risk factor for alcoholism and should be considered in prevention and treatment. However, the study had limitations like sample size and additional work is needed to further examine genetic and complex risk factor interactions.
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault Partners With Law EnforcementMedicalWhistleblower
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault is poorly understood and often not adequately investigated. This program seeks to describe the reality of drug facilitated sexual assault and to point out ways to improve outcomes for victims, law enforcement and social service providers.
This study investigates the reporting behavior of sexual assault survivors to police and whether their actions during the assault influence reporting. The study finds that victims who cooperated with their attacker were very unlikely to report to police, likely due to fears of stigma and not being believed. In contrast, victims who resisted their attacker were more likely to report. The implications are that stigma prevention strategies, like police training and victim advocates, could encourage more reporting and better support survivors' recovery process.
This case study examines challenges with PMTCT services at Clinic X in Country Z, where HIV prevalence is 32%. The clinic aims to increase male involvement to improve outcomes. Focus groups found that male participation is lacking due to cultural norms where men avoid health issues due to stigma. Men feel clinics are unwelcoming and staff are disrespectful. The top two recommended interventions are improving clinic environments and staff attitudes to create a more supportive experience for men, as greater understanding and involvement of male partners is needed to reduce vertical HIV transmission rates.
Syphilis co-infection among persons living with HIV infection in Shelby Count...CDC NPIN
This document describes a study of syphilis co-infection among people living with HIV in Shelby County, Tennessee between 2006-2009. The study found that 377 cases of co-infection were identified through linking HIV and syphilis surveillance data. 36% were concurrently diagnosed, 58% were diagnosed with HIV first, and 6% were diagnosed with syphilis first. Males, Black individuals, MSM, ages 13-29, and those diagnosed in public/correctional facilities had higher rates of co-infection. The results indicate continued risky sexual behaviors and a need for targeted prevention interventions.
Equal access to justice? Rape victimisation and psychosocial disabiltyLouise Ellison
This document discusses research on victimization rates and experiences of individuals with psychosocial disabilities (PSD) reporting rape. Several studies found much higher rates of violent victimization, including rape, among people with PSD compared to the general population. However, rape complaints involving complainants with recorded mental health conditions (MHC) in a UK police dataset were more likely to be discontinued, and those complainants were more likely to have their credibility doubted. Remaining gaps in data on PSD and attrition in criminal justice systems are inconsistent with equality obligations.
Domestic Violence and Same-Sex Domestic Violence in an HIV Ambulatory Care Se...ACON
Ruth Hennessy, Psychology Unit Manager/Senior Clinical Psychologist, Albion Street Centre
In response to the gaps in the 2006 NSW Health Domestic Violence Screening Policy, Albion Street Centre developed a research project to explore clients’ experience of DV, helpseeking behaviours and whether HIV was a factor in any abuse experienced.
Anonymous surveys were completed by 102 clients attending the Albion Street Centre, over two separate four week periods. This
podium presentation will report the findings of the survey and contribute to improving health care worker’s understanding of
DV and SSDV within HIV positive clients’ relationships.
Heavy drinking men reported more sexual experiences involving alcohol use compared to non-heavy drinking men. Heavy drinkers preferred having two or more drinks themselves and their partner drinking over one drink before sex. While heavy drinkers felt more confident gauging consent when intoxicated, non-heavy drinkers felt more confident when sober. Non-heavy drinkers also reported more positive attitudes toward sober sex and clearer communication compared to heavy drinkers. The findings suggest alcohol is a greater risk factor for sexual aggression among heavy drinking men.
Suicide Ideation Among First RespondersRob Ramsden
The document discusses a survey conducted on suicide ideation among first responders in Ontario. It found the strongest correlation with suicide ideation was in EMS respondents, followed by police. Several expected relationships like between critical incidents and suicide ideation were not statistically significant.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between denial and recidivism among treated sexual offenders. It finds that while some studies have found denial is not a predictor of recidivism, others have found links between denial and recidivism, particularly for high-risk offenders. The purpose of the current research being summarized is to examine how changes in levels of denial from pre-treatment to post-treatment relate to recidivism, treating denial as a dynamic rather than static measure. The methodology involves assessing denial at intake and discharge from a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for high-risk sexual offenders using a denial scale, and relating this to recidivism outcomes.
This webinar, dated October 28, 2015, provides behavioral health providers, veteran legal advocates, and others with an understanding of the circumstances in which veterans can become justice-involved, data on justice involvement, and California laws and treatment programs which affect veterans in criminal justice.
Veteran advocates, mental health care providers and criminal justice professionals now recognize evidence that military service-related mental or cognitive injuries may contribute to criminality.
As a result, a movement to treat rather than incarcerate veterans in eligible cases has emerged throughout the nation. California stands as a bellwether in this movement with a growing number of veteran treatment courts. In addition, the California legislature has expanded on criminal laws which provide alternative standards and sentencing for veterans with mental health trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder is increasingly being used in criminal defense.
The character of veterans in criminal justice:
Presenter: Megan Zottarelli, Senior Analyst, Institute for Veteran Policy at Swords to Plowshares.
California legislation affecting veterans in criminal justice: Presenter: Scott Franklin, Public Defender, Sacramento County
California Veteran Treatment Courts for eligible veterans: Presenter: Duncan MacVicar, California Veterans Legal Taskforce.
Rape can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims. PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event like rape, combat, or natural disasters. About 31% of women (211,000) develop PTSD after experiencing rape. Symptoms of PTSD include re-experiencing the trauma, social withdrawal, avoidance behaviors, and increased physiological arousal. Early intervention and treatment methods like cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication can help rape victims heal from PTSD. Risk factors for developing PTSD after rape include a history of depression, alcohol abuse, injury during the rape, previous trauma, and lack of social support.
The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Misinformation Acceptance and Confidenc...Heather Flowe
We experimentally examined the effects of alcohol consumption and exposure to misleading postevent information on memory for a hypothetical interactive rape scenario, examining whether memory encoding and retrieval processes differed in relation to intoxication. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (mean BAC = .06%) or tonic water before engaging in the scenario. Alcohol expectancy was controlled, and participant beliefs about the beverage they thought they had consumed and feelings of intoxication were measured. A week later, immediately before recalling the scenario, participants were exposed to a postevent narrative, ostensibly written by another research participant who had been interviewed about the scenario. After the recall task, participants completed a recognition test, reporting confidence in the likely accuracy of their answers. Participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic reported fewer correct details; but, they were no more likely to report incorrect or misleading information. Further, participants who had consumed alcohol were less likely to volunteer answers to recognition questions about misled items. The confidence-accuracy relationship for control and misled items was similar across groups, and there was some evidence that metacognitive discrimination was better for participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic. We discuss the implications for alcohol’s effect on memory encoding and retrieval strategies in the context of rape.
The document discusses a presentation by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It defines key terms, provides statistics on sexual assault prevalence, and discusses issues like consent, effects on victims, and the role of alcohol in sexual assaults. The presentation aims to raise awareness of these issues and provide information on local resources for victims of interpersonal violence.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 121st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in Honolulu, HI on July 31, 2013. The presentation discussed rates of physical, psychological, and sexual teen dating violence found in the national Growing up with Media survey. Key findings included that 41% of females and 37% of males reported experiencing dating violence victimization, with higher rates of physical perpetration reported among females and sexual perpetration among males. Differences in rates between demographic groups were generally small, and many adolescents reported both perpetrating and experiencing abuse. The presenters concluded that dating abuse is common among teens and that relationship dynamics likely play a role in reciprocal abuse.
The document discusses workshops and advocacy provided by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on topics related to violence prevention and breast cancer awareness. It provides definitions and statistics on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It discusses issues of consent, the effects of intoxication on one's ability to consent, and the long-term impacts victims may experience. Resources for victims of interpersonal violence are listed.
The document discusses workshops and advocacy provided by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on topics related to violence prevention and breast cancer awareness. It provides definitions and statistics on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It discusses issues of consent, the effects of intoxication on one's ability to consent, and the long-term impacts victims may experience. Resources for victims of interpersonal violence are listed.
Encoding Violence Under the Influence: The Impact of Alcohol and Drug Use on ...Heather Flowe
This study examined substance use and memory in incarcerated offenders’ accounts of past events. One- hundred-fifty male violent offenders reported memories for perpetrated violence, a positive event, and a subjectively disturbing event. Interviews were transcribed and trained coders counted the number of details in each memory report. Participants also rated their own memories for vividness, detail, and overall quality. Most participants were under the influence during their recalled acts of perpetrated violence. Surprisingly, participants under the influence reported more details than those who had not used any substances. These findings have important implications for how offender testimony is considered.
This literature review examines research on the prevalence and effects of heroin use among women. The percentage of heroin users who are women has increased from 20% in the 1960s to over 50% today. Heroin use is associated with a variety of negative physical, emotional, and social consequences. Research suggests women may be more vulnerable to heroin addiction due to common experiences of trauma, mental health issues, and involvement in prostitution. More research is still needed to better understand the biological and psychological effects of heroin on women, as well as the relationships between heroin use, prostitution, and human trafficking. Treatment approaches need to consider gender differences and underlying issues like trauma that influence women's heroin use.
Very few of us know that 73% of the rape victims know the rapists. Moreover, 40% of rapes happen at victim’s home and 20% occur in the homes of familiar people.
It turned out that most of us have no idea about the effective precautions needed to protect ourselves from the traumatic experience, because we expect danger from a wrong source. A widespread belief is that one should expect a rapist to sit in the bushes in the park late at night, while the reality is different.
My colleague Paulina Grzelak and I were astonished while exploring this topic, as we were quite oblivious to the real situation as well. Therefore, we decided to make a small questionnaire and ask people what they think about rape.
This presentation begins with the analysis of what makes a person become a rapist, which is followed by the comparison of the results of the questionnaire with real data.
I would be grateful if you shared this presentation as many people need this knowledge.
I also want to add that most figures we present come from the States where definition of rape and social situation may differ from ours. Hence, comparing data from the U.S. with opinions from Poland and Ukraine may seem improper. For instance, being forced into sexual contact by husband may not even be recognized as rape in Ukraine, “because it’s his natural right”. And even if a wife admits this fact, social welfare system (which does not exist here, let’s face it) leaves her no option apart from remaining silent, while in the U.S. rape victims are less dependent on family members. Therefore, one has to approach the statistics carefully. Still, we believe that using American data can be justified by the fact that they explore the subject more than any other country.
Interviewing Children and Memories of Sexual AbuseChapter 11.docxnormanibarber20063
Interviewing Children and Memories of Sexual Abuse
Chapter 11
Reported Memories of
Young Children
Prevalence of abuse
7%-16% boy; 18%-26% girls
Memories and cognition
Under age of 5, children have difficultly distinguishing imagined from real events
Ability to encode, store, and retrieve information not fully developed in children
Greater risk for inaccuracy with suggestive or biased questioning
Day Care Center Cases
Most notorious cases
1985: Wee Care Nursery School, NJ
1987: McMartin Preschool,CA
1989: Little Rascals Day Care Center, NC
Day Care Center Cases
Reports of children likely contaminated/unreliable if
Begin interview with belief that abuse has occurred (Day Care Center Cases)
Interviews repeated with biased interview style
Delay between alleged abuse and interview
Effective Interviewing of Children
NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol (NICHD)
Guides interviewer away from biased questioning
Uses open ended prompts
Avoids suggestive questions
Uses 3 phases: Introductory, rapport building, substantive
Effective Interviewing of Children
Other useful techniques
Clear, simplified instructions
Oath to tell the truth technique
Interviewer does not know what happened technique
HOT TOPIC
Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS)
Proposed and elaborated on by Summit (Summit, 1983; 1998), based on clinical experience,
Child victims of sexual abuse experience feelings of helplessness, confusion, and fear
Feelings cause child victims to conceal the abuse
Delayed abuse disclosure
Denial of abuse
Recantation of abuse allegations after initial claims
HOT TOPIC
CSAAS influences how investigative interviews conducted
More directive, repetitive, suggestive interviewing forms
Research findings
Delayed disclosure of sexual abuse is not unusual, denial of abuse and recantation is unusual
Recanting children more likely to have suffered parental abuse
Testimony by Children
Jurors believe children in abuse cases; young children more likely believed than adolescents
Hearsay testimony allowed by most states
Adult stand ins are acceptable
Hearsay and adult testimony viewed favorably by jurors
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is an alternative for presenting child testimony; child emotional distress reduce; conviction rate not lowered
Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse
Scientists
Skeptical
Can be implanted by therapists
Trauma response is uncontrolled remembering not forgetting
Psychotherapists
Memories are credible
Memories are repressed
Ingram False Memory Case
Example of suggestion, vulnerability, hypnosis, biased interviewer
Involves recovered memories of being sexual abuse perpetrator
Research on Implanting
False Memories
False memories can be implanted.
Loftus and Hyman studies
Authentic recovered memories are usually spontaneous.
Several explanations for forgetting and remembering abuse, including transience of memory, individual differences.
Many therapists have switched to less suggestive approaches.
SCIENTIFI.
Dominic Willmott at the 2019 re:shape #PreventSexualHarm conferencere:shape
Dr Dominic Willmott (University of Huddersfield)
The role of rape myths in sexual violence perpetration, survivor disclosure, and CJS attrition rates
A growing body of empirical research displays that attitudes held towards sexual violence, often referred to as rape myth acceptance, are important determinants in sexual violence perpetration and survivor decisions to report their victimisation to the authorities. Evidence suggests widespread belief of
these inaccurate assumptions surrounding rape and sexual violence not only prevents survivors from coming forward but prevents their access to justice at every stage of the criminal justice system. Dominic’s presentation will examine these myths and the effects that their prevalence has on perpetration, reporting, and disclosure.
Dr Dominic Willmott is a Research Psychologist based within the University of Huddersfield's None-in-Three Research Centre for Gender-based Violence. Dominic research interests and publications to date focus broadly around issues relating to domestic violence, sexual violence, and child abuse & neglect. His main area of expertise relates to jury decision making within rape trials, and his work in this field has led to his involvement in policy reform discussions with several government agencies and NGOs.
Module 7Inside and Out – Women and Abuse in Prison.docxroushhsiu
Module 7
Inside and Out – Women and
Abuse in Prison
Prevalence in Adult Facilities
Graphic by Just Detention International. Source: Bureau of Justice
Statistics, "Sexual Victimization Reported By Former State Prisoners,
2008,“ May 12, 2012.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse
in Prisons and Jails
Roughly 200,000 people are sexually
abused behind bars every year in the U.S.
Perpetrators in Prisons and Jails
Graphic by Just Detention International. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Sexual
Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2011-2012,“ May 12, 2013.
Frequency of Sexual Abuse
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Sexual Victimization
Reported By Former State Prisoners, 2008,“ May 12, 2012.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in
Colorado Facilities
Most Colorado
corrections facilities that
were surveyed have
rates of sexual abuse
at, or slightly below,
national levels.
Denver Women’s Correctional Facility (pictured
above) has some of the highest rates of sexual abuse
in the country.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by
Inmates, 2011-2012,“ May 12, 2013.
What groups of people do
you think are most likely to
be targeted for sexual
abuse in jail?
Perpetrators tend to target:
• Women
• People with mental illness
• Survivors of sexual abuse
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
inmates
• People incarcerated for violent sexual offenses
Vulnerable Inmates
• Is an act of violence — even without any
physical force
• Is used to establish and maintain power or
control
• Exists on a continuum of varying degrees
of severity
Sexual Abuse
Consent in a Custody Setting
Consensual Sex Among Inmates
vs. Sexual Assault
Unlawful Sexual
Contact
VICTIM
SUSPECT
Inmate Sex
INMATE
INMATE
FELONY
(PREA)
RULE
VIOLATION
Incidence of Inmate-on-Inmate
Sexual Abuse
• Sexual
harassment
• Protective pairing
• Exchanges/favors
• Ritual/gang abuse
• Sexual abuse in
romantic
relationships
Dynamics of Inmate-on-Inmate
Sexual Abuse
• Sexual harassment
• Voyeurism/flashing
• Exchanges/favors
• Abuse during
searches
• Perceived romantic
relationships
Staff-on-Inmate Sexual Abuse
Common Methods Used by
Perpetrators
• Sexual abuse is one of the most traumatic
forms of criminal victimization.
• Survivors often experience intense fear,
horror, and helplessness.
• Abuse is often perpetrated by someone the
victim knows.
Sexual Trauma
Survivors may experience:
• Numbness
• Shock
• Confusion
• Disbelief
• Helplessness
• Fear
• Anger
• Guilt
• Grief
• Frustration
• Disorientation
• Racing heart beat
and other signs of
physical arousal or
agitation
Initial Reactions to Sexual Abuse
Trauma can impair:
• Basic functioning
• Cognition
• Memory
• Health
• Relationships
Impact of Trauma
Survivors have an increased risk of:
• Depression
• Post-Traumatic
Stress Dis ...
J6A-AA MSW Perspectives, Attitudes, and Belifs about HIV/AIDS in High-Crime, ...kparker6
The document summarizes a qualitative research study that explored views and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS among African American men in a high-risk area. The study identified four major themes: 1) challenging living conditions in the area related to drugs, violence and crime, 2) limited knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS, 3) beliefs promoting risky sexual behaviors, and 4) acceptance of promiscuity and infidelity among men. The findings suggest a need for more community-specific interventions addressing gender roles, power dynamics, and basic needs that influence HIV risk in this population.
JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH. 145-158, 2014RRoutledgeCopyrig.docxtawnyataylor528
JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH. 145-158, 2014
RRoutledge
Copyright The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
ISSN: 00224499 print/1559-8519 onlineTaydor & Franc's Group
DOI: to. 1080/00224499.2013 821442
Do Alcohol and Marijuana Use Decrease the Probability of Condom Use for College Women?
Jennifer L. Walsh
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine. The Miriatn Hospital; Deparnnent of Psychology and Huntan Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Broil'" UniversityRobyn L. Fielder
Centers for Behavioral and Preyentive Medicine, The Miriant Hospital; Deparnnent of Psychology, Syracuse University
Kate B. Carey
CenterJör Alcohol and Addiclion Studies and Deparlynent of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brost•n University
Michael P. Carey
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miritnn Hospital; Deparnnent of
Psychology and Hunum Behavior, Alpert Medical School. Bron-n University,' Departntent of
Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brmcn University
Alcohol and nutrijuana use are thought to increase sexual risk taking, but event-level studies conflict in their findings and often depend on reports fro,tn a Iüniled ntunber ofpeople or on a lhniled nunlber of sexual events per person. Wilh event-level data fronj 1,856 sexual intercourse events provided bv 297 college Ji•onwn (M age 18 years; 71 0/0 JVhite), used nutltilevel modeling to exaniine associations beneeen alcohol and nmrijuanu use and condoni use as "'ell as interaction,f involving sexual partner type and alcohol-sexual risk expectancies. Controlling jor alternative contraception use, partner type, regular levels of substance use. bnpulsh'ity and sensation seeking, and demographics, tronten bl•ere no n:ore or less likely 10 use condonas• during events involving drinking or heavy episodic drinking than during those "'ithout drinking. Hcns•ever- fir drinking events, there n•as• a negative association between ntunber ofdrinks consanned and condoni use: in additiom tvonren "'ith stronger alcohol-sexual risk expectancies n•ere nutrginally less likely to use condun.f U'hen drinking, Although there no ntain eff&cl of marijuana use on condoni use. these data suggest njarijuana use trith established rontanlic partners 'nay increase risk ofunprotectedsex. Intervention efforts should target expectancies and enzphasi:e the dose-response relationship of drinks to condoni use.
CAREY, AND CAREY
EVENT-LEVEL SUBSTANCE USE AND CONDOM USE
146
Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 account for 500/0 of all new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections (Wilson, Wright, Safrit, & Rudy, 2010) and are also at elevated risk for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC], 2009), Condom use is an important method for reducing the risk of STIs as well as unplanned pregnancy (CDC. 2010). However, most
This research was supported by grant awarded to Michael P, Carey from the National Institutes on Alc ...
Does Marital Status Make a Difference in Obtaining an Order of Protection-Roxanna Chavez
This document discusses a study examining how marital status impacts the likelihood of obtaining an order of protection (OP) against an abuser. The study hypothesized that non-married clients would obtain OPs at a higher rate than married victims. It collected data from 60 participants seeking emergency OPs at an organization. The results found no significant differences between married and non-married individuals in obtaining OPs through the civil and criminal court systems. However, it was noted that married individuals who pursued divorce were not denied OPs, and half of participants dropped their cases after the emergency OP. The study had limitations but adds to research on intimate partner violence and the legal system.
Impact of Sexual Assault On Teens and Tips For PreventionHealth Easy Peasy
1) Sexual assault has significant negative impacts on teen victims, including post-traumatic stress disorder in 80% of cases. Prevention requires educating youth about consent and healthy relationships through teaching skills like bystander intervention.
2) The document outlines short and long-term effects of sexual trauma on teens, including psychological, behavioral, and physical impacts.
3) It promotes empowering youth through sex education, promoting healthy communication, and engaging both girls and boys in prevention.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between alcohol consumption and violent or aggressive behavior. It discusses several theories for why alcohol may promote aggression, including that it impairs cognitive abilities and reduces inhibition. It notes that alcohol alone does not typically cause violence, and that cultural expectations around alcohol use also influence outcomes. Personality traits like antisocial behavior and situational factors like an abrasive environment can further mediate the relationship. While biological factors like serotonin levels may influence individual differences in susceptibility, aggression often precedes alcohol problems in offenders. The document provides an overview of the complex interactions between alcohol, violence, and individual and social psychological factors.
Presented by
John Lynch, Yamhill Co. Juv. Dept.
SUPERVISION & TREATMENT
OF SEXUAL OFFENDERS
1
Almost every hand you’ve shaken has touched a penis.
THINK ABOUT THIS
FOR A SECOND…
To gain knowledge regarding the broad range of considerations when supervising offenders who have committed sexual offenses and to examine effective intervention strategies.
LEARNING GOAL
Myths about sex offenders
Common characteristics of sex offenders
Sexual offense recidivism rates
Risk factors that are/are not associated
with recidivism
Common tactics of sex offenders
WE WILL COVER…
“Success-oriented” supervision model
The importance of communication
Specialized supervision conditions and
success-oriented goals
How to respond to violations
WE WILL COVER…
Effective interventions
Common treatment goals
Use of the polygraph
Doing your job better & reducing your
stress
WE WILL COVER…
SEX OFFENDER VERSION
7
Most sexual offenses are committed by strangers.
Most sexual offenses are committed by someone known to the victim or victim’s family, regardless if the victim is a child or an adult.
Approximately 60% of boys and 80% of girls who are sexually victimized are abused by someone known to the child or the child’s family.
From 2005 to 2010, 78% of sexual violence involved an offender who was a family member, intimate partner, friend, or acquaintance.
Debunking the Myths
Bullet 2 – (60% boys / 80% girls) is from Lieb, Quinsey, and Berliner, 1998.
In a 2009 study conducted by the US Dept. of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 13,471 juvenile sex offender cases were evaluated which revealed that in 88.2% of reported incidents, the victim was either a family member or acquaintance.
Only 2.5% involved a victim who was considered a stranger to the offender.
Victim Relationship
Rape and sexual assault victimizations against females by victim-offender relationship
1994–1998, 1999–2004, and 2005–2010Victim-Offender Relationship1994-19981999-20042005-2010Stranger
Non-stranger21%
79%25%
75%22%
78%Intimate Partner
(includes former spouse, BF, GF)28%30%34%Relative9%3%6%Acquaintance42%42%38%
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1994–2010.
Female Victims of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010 (March 2013). Special report published by the US Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Sexual offense rates are higher than ever and continue to climb.
Despite the increase in publicity about sexual crimes, from 1995 to 2010, the estimated annual rate of female (age 12 or older) rape or sexual assault victimizations has declined 58%.
Debunking the Myths
Only a fraction of those who commit sexual offenses are apprehended and convicted for their crimes.
Debunking the Myths
Debunking the Myths
This figure taken from the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) website, acces.
This document discusses sexual assault, including definitions, consent, statistics on prevalence, and effects on victims. It provides the legal definition of sexual assault in Nevada and outlines what constitutes consent versus lack of consent. Reasons people may not obtain consent are explored, as well as how to have a consenting interaction. The document notes high statistics on sexual assault prevalence and that the majority involve perpetrators known to the victim. The role of alcohol in facilitating assault is also examined. Short and long term effects on victims are described. Resources for assistance are provided.
National epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.seminar coorectDr. Amit Chougule
The document summarizes key findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). NESARC was a large national survey conducted in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005 to assess alcohol use, abuse and dependence. It found that 12-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence was 8.5% and 30.3%, respectively. Rates of abuse increased over time while dependence declined slightly. Risk was higher in men, whites, younger adults, and those with lower income or education levels. The survey also identified subgroups of alcoholics and found family history and comorbid disorders increased risk of dependence.
Webinar presented by Heather Larkin, Associate Professor at the SUNY Albany School of Social Work, on the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study and ACES impact on homeless individuals.
Similar to Alcohol and Remembering Rape, St Mary's SARC Annual Conference Dr Flowe (20)
Refugee Return, Geopolitics, and War ImaginariesHeather Flowe
Presentation by Dr. Tamirace Fakhoury, Lebanese American University
Presented at the Refugee Hosts Conference, University College London
25 October 2019
Interactive lineups can improve eyewitness performanceHeather Flowe
Interactive lineups can improve eyewitness identification accuracy compared to static photo lineups. Specifically:
1) Interactive lineups improve the ability to discriminate between innocent and guilty suspects, increasing correct identifications by 18% for any given false identification rate.
2) Simultaneous interactive lineups, where witnesses view and consider lineup members simultaneously, provide further accuracy gains over sequential lineups, increasing correct identifications by up to 23%.
3) While interactive lineups do not reduce the "own-race bias" where people are better at identifying members of their own race, they can boost accuracy for both own-race and other-race identifications.
A novel interactive face matching procedure: Performance of normal and super ...Heather Flowe
This study examined face matching performance using different image presentation methods. In Experiment 1 with normal face recognizers (N=306), accuracy was highest for interactive images where participants could rotate faces, followed by moving images. Confidence was higher for matches than mismatches. In Experiment 2 with superior face recognizers (N=57), accuracy was highest for interactive and moving images, and confidence matched accuracy. The results suggest interactive face viewing allows normal recognizers to perform like superior recognizers on static images.
Show Me One or Six? A Field Study Examining How Lineup Format Affects Real-Wo...Heather Flowe
1) This field study examined how intoxicated witnesses' identification performance is affected by identification format (lineup vs. showup).
2) In target-present conditions, alcohol consumption and identification format had no effect on witnesses' ability to identify the perpetrator.
3) In target-absent conditions, identification format affected choosing behavior, with showups increasing the likelihood of choosing, but this did not significantly enhance false identifications.
Criminal identification viewed from a different angle: Can a novel interactiv...Heather Flowe
Perpetrator pose reinstatement—viewing a criminal perpetrator's face in the same pose in which the witness saw him—should enhance face identification performance (e.g., Bruce, 1982). Witnesses likely encode culprits from different angles (left profile, front, right profile), but little research has examined whether pose reinstatement and viewing faces from multiple angles during a lineup improves identification accuracy. Two lineup procedures currently used in practice include photo lineups that show each face in frontal pose, and video lineups that show each face rotating left and right, revealing the whole face. We created a novel interactive lineup procedure, wherein witnesses were able to rotate the lineup faces into any pose, and addressed the following questions in our experiments:
1. Does encoding view influence discrimination accuracy?
2. Do multiple views at test enhance discrimination accuracy?
3. Do subjects reinstate pose and is pose reinstatement associated with accuracy?
Our results indicate that learning conditions are important. Participants who viewed the perpetrator from the front at encoding had better discrimination accuracy than subjects who viewed the perpetrator from the profile. Multiple views at test—in video and interactive lineups—can enhance discrimination accuracy. When interacting with the lineup faces, we found that participants spontaneously reinstated the pose in which they had viewed the perpetrator. Pose reinstatement was associated with accuracy. We are continuing this line of work to examine whether interactive lineups can improve accuracy in other circumstances, such as in cross race identifications (i.e., people are worse at recognising faces of a different ethnic/racial background than their own).
Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication During EncodingHeather Flowe
The document summarizes a study that examined how alcohol intoxication during memory encoding affects witness metacognition, including willingness to volunteer information, confidence-accuracy calibration, and grain size regulation. The study found that participants who were mildly intoxicated were able to monitor and control their answers similarly to sober participants, with no effects of alcohol on quantity or accuracy of information volunteered, response confidence, or grain size.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Alcohol and Remembering Rape, St Mary's SARC Annual Conference Dr Flowe
1. Remembering rape:
A randomised controlled test
of the effects of acute alcohol
intoxication and alcohol
expectancies on women’s
memory
Heather D. Flowe1 and Lisa E. Smith2
1University of Birmingham, School of Psychology
2University of Leicester, Criminology
2. Alcohol and Sexual Violence
473,000 adults in England and Wales are victims of sexual
offenses per year on average (Home Office, 2013)
Estimates for rape and attempted rape have ranged up to an
annual high of 1.27 million persons in the U.S. (National
Research Council, 2014)
3. Alcohol and
Sexual Violence
Alcohol is often antecedent to sexual assault, with up to
75% involving alcohol use on the part of the victim, the
perpetrator, or both (Stern, 2010)
Prosecutors reject 65% of rape cases (Flowe et al.,
2011), most often citing victim considerations such as
alcohol use
Alcohol:
Prejudicial aspect
Probative aspect
4. Alcohol and Sexual Assault
“Advocates and SANEs [Sexual Assault Nurse
Examiners] get frustrated when we can’t move
forward with an investigation, but sometimes we
can’t because the victim doesn’t remember what
happened or there are inconsistencies [in her story].”
From (Cole & Logan, 2010)
5. Alcohol and memory: blackouts
Fragmentary blackout
A person is able to remember
partial information; memory
formation is incomplete
more common than en bloc
En bloc blackout
Alcohol blackout can occur at high
levels of intoxication (e.g., BAC =
.14 to .27%)
A person will have no memory and
not be able to recall anything about
events that took place for a stretch
of time
Sensory and short-term memory
are preserved
6. Alcohol’s Effects on Memory
• Alcohol expectancies affect
attention and memory, with women
demonstrating increased
hypervigilance in risky sexual
scenarios (Flowe et al., 2015;
Testa, 2006)
• Alcohol affects completeness but
not the accuracy of recall Hagsand, Roos af
Hjelmsäter, Granhag, Fahlke, & Söderpalm Gordh, 2012; Harvey, Kneller &
Campbell, 2013; Hildebrand Karlén, Roos af Hjelmsäter, Fahlke, Granhag, &
Söderpalm Gordh, 2014; Schreiber Compo et al., 2012; Schreiber Compo et al.,
2017; Van Oorsouw, & Merckelbach, 2012 )
7. Research Questions
Does acute alcohol intoxication affect the victim’s
ability to remember details about the sexual activity
that took place during the rape?
Can victims who were intoxicated accurately
remember the sequence of activities that occurred?
Are women more likely to be accurate if they are
confident their memory is accurate?
16. 0 .0 0
0 .0 2
0 .0 4
0 .0 6
0 .0 8
0 .1 0
0 .1 2
0 .1 4
0 .0 0 0 .1 0 0 .2 0 0 .3 0 0 .4 0 0 .5 0 0 .6 0 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0
Intimate E ncounte r S urv iv al T ime
OddsIntercourseProsecutedasRape
M oderate High
Consent Level, Sexual History,
and Prosecuting Rape
(Flowe & Ebbesen, 2007)
Flowe, H.D. & Ebbesen, E.B. (2007). Rape shield laws and sexual behavior evidence: Effects of consent level and women’s
sexual history on rape allegations. Law and Human Behavior, 1, 159-175.
17. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
7 days later
Screening
Beverage
Manipulation
Rape
Post-
event
Narrative
Interview
Recog
Test
18. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
7 days later
Screening
Beverage
Manipulation
Rape
Post-
event
Narrative
Interview
Recog
Test
19. Results
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Told Alcohol Told Tonic
Consensual Activity Memory
Accuracy
Alcohol
Tonic
Women accurately
remembered the sexual
activities to which they
had consented
Alcohol consumption
and expectancy did not
affect consensual
memory accuracy
20. Results
Women less accurately
remembered the
perpetrator’s behavior
during the rape
Alcohol consumption
and expectancy were
not significantly
associated with
decreased accuracy
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Told Alcohol Told Tonic
Rape Memory Accuracy
Alcohol
Tonic
21. Results
Women who expected to
consume alcohol remembered
more accurately overall
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
ProportionCorrect
Memory Accuracy Overall
Expect
Alcohol
Expect
Tonic
22. Results
Women’s memory for
sequence did not vary
in relation to alcohol
consumption or
expectancy
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Told Alcohol Told Tonic
Errors
Sequence Difference
Alcohol
Tonic
23. Results
Women’s ability to
evaluate the likely
accuracy of their
memory did not vary
with alcohol
consumption
There was an
association between
confidence and
accuracy: As confidence
in memory increased,
memory accuracy
increased
.00
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
1.00
0 10-40% 50-70% 80-100%
Accuracy
Confidence
Beverage Results
Perfect
calibration
Consumed
Alcohol
Consumed
Placebo
24. Conclusion
Does acute alcohol intoxication affect the victim’s ability to
remember details about the sexual activity that took place during
the rape?
Women who believed they consumed alcohol had better memory
performance. Alcohol consumption itself did not affect performance.
Can victims who were intoxicated accurately remember the
sequence of activities that occurred? Yes
Are women more likely to be accurate if they are confident their
memory is accurate?
Yes and alcohol consumption does not affect the association between
confidence and accuracy
25. Implications, Limitations and
Future Directions
Alcohol does not necessarily affect the quality of memory reports
Larger dose of alcohol necessary
Field research may enable higher doses, but the trade-off is that
alcohol expectancy cannot be studied
26. FMEs wanted to participate in
study
We are investigating how alcohol intoxication during rape affects
the accuracy of victim accounts during FMEs. Please contact me
if you or your SARC can participate.
Heather Flowe, PhD
h.flowe@bham.ac.uk