The document summarizes key findings from a qualitative research study on the experiences of people who have attempted suicide. It discusses historical risk factors, psychosocial influences at the time of attempts, emotional states during attempts, barriers to communication, experiences with professional support, stigma, factors that promote recovery, and important messages from participants. The study involved interviews with 31 individuals who had attempted suicide more than six months prior. It found that mental illness, bereavement, relationship problems, and a lack of support were common triggers. Participants faced barriers in communicating feelings and difficulties accessing effective treatment. Stigma and judgmental attitudes also hindered recovery. Developing supportive relationships and learning coping skills were important in promoting recovery.
Assessment of suicide risk dr essam hassanEssamHassan32
This document provides an overview of suicide risk assessment. It begins with definitions of suicide and epidemiological data showing suicide is a leading cause of death. It then discusses risk factors like psychiatric disorders, previous attempts, and life stressors. Methods of suicide and self-harm are outlined. The assessment process involves understanding current suicidal thoughts, intent, plans and stressors, as well as protective factors. Tools like the TASR can aid evaluation. Management depends on the individual's risk level, mental state, and social support. Ongoing monitoring is important given risk can change over time.
Alcohol and Remembering Rape, St Mary's SARC Annual Conference Dr FloweHeather Flowe
How does alcohol affect memory for sexual assault, and memory for forensically relevant details in particular? This talk provides an overview of research on the topic.
REMEMBERING RAPE: THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOL EXPEC...Heather Flowe
This study examined how acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol expectancies affect women's memory of a simulated rape scenario. 78 women participated in a study with a 2 (alcohol vs tonic beverage) x 2 (told drink was alcohol vs tonic) between-subjects design. Women viewed a rape scenario and were later tested on their memory of events. Results showed that women accurately remembered consensual activities regardless of intoxication. While intoxicated women were less accurate about the perpetrator's behavior, alcohol consumption and expectancy did not significantly impact accuracy. Women expecting alcohol performed better overall. Confidence in memory correlated with greater accuracy, regardless of intoxication. The study suggests alcohol may not necessarily impair memory quality but a higher dose may
The document discusses workshops and advocacy provided by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on topics related to violence prevention and breast cancer awareness. It provides definitions and statistics on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It discusses issues of consent, the effects of intoxication on one's ability to consent, and the long-term impacts victims may experience. Resources for victims of interpersonal violence are listed.
The document discusses a presentation by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It defines key terms, provides statistics on sexual assault prevalence, and discusses issues like consent, effects on victims, and the role of alcohol in sexual assaults. The presentation aims to raise awareness of these issues and provide information on local resources for victims of interpersonal violence.
Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Disorders In Correctional Facilitiessaragardner
The document discusses two main issues regarding the treatment of mentally ill inmates in prisons: 1) accurate diagnosis of inmates' mental health issues upon entering the prison system, and 2) providing ongoing treatment programs for inmates with long-term mental disorders. Regarding accurate diagnosis, the document notes screening tools may be invalid and prison staff lack time and training. For ongoing treatment, the document argues current conditions like solitary confinement exacerbate issues, and most inmates lack access to mental healthcare and trained staff while incarcerated. Overall, the document calls for reforms to improve diagnosis and treatment of mental illness among prison populations.
The document discusses the path of mentally ill offenders through the criminal justice system from arrest to release. It notes that many police officers receive little training in dealing with mentally ill individuals and that arrests can sometimes escalate situations. For those booked into jails and prisons, mental health treatment is often lacking. Over time, deinstitutionalization led to fewer psychiatric hospital beds, resulting in many mentally ill individuals becoming incarcerated instead of treated. The document recommends improving mental health treatment for inmates and increasing diversion programs to help address this issue.
The document summarizes key findings from a qualitative research study on the experiences of people who have attempted suicide. It discusses historical risk factors, psychosocial influences at the time of attempts, emotional states during attempts, barriers to communication, experiences with professional support, stigma, factors that promote recovery, and important messages from participants. The study involved interviews with 31 individuals who had attempted suicide more than six months prior. It found that mental illness, bereavement, relationship problems, and a lack of support were common triggers. Participants faced barriers in communicating feelings and difficulties accessing effective treatment. Stigma and judgmental attitudes also hindered recovery. Developing supportive relationships and learning coping skills were important in promoting recovery.
Assessment of suicide risk dr essam hassanEssamHassan32
This document provides an overview of suicide risk assessment. It begins with definitions of suicide and epidemiological data showing suicide is a leading cause of death. It then discusses risk factors like psychiatric disorders, previous attempts, and life stressors. Methods of suicide and self-harm are outlined. The assessment process involves understanding current suicidal thoughts, intent, plans and stressors, as well as protective factors. Tools like the TASR can aid evaluation. Management depends on the individual's risk level, mental state, and social support. Ongoing monitoring is important given risk can change over time.
Alcohol and Remembering Rape, St Mary's SARC Annual Conference Dr FloweHeather Flowe
How does alcohol affect memory for sexual assault, and memory for forensically relevant details in particular? This talk provides an overview of research on the topic.
REMEMBERING RAPE: THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOL EXPEC...Heather Flowe
This study examined how acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol expectancies affect women's memory of a simulated rape scenario. 78 women participated in a study with a 2 (alcohol vs tonic beverage) x 2 (told drink was alcohol vs tonic) between-subjects design. Women viewed a rape scenario and were later tested on their memory of events. Results showed that women accurately remembered consensual activities regardless of intoxication. While intoxicated women were less accurate about the perpetrator's behavior, alcohol consumption and expectancy did not significantly impact accuracy. Women expecting alcohol performed better overall. Confidence in memory correlated with greater accuracy, regardless of intoxication. The study suggests alcohol may not necessarily impair memory quality but a higher dose may
The document discusses workshops and advocacy provided by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on topics related to violence prevention and breast cancer awareness. It provides definitions and statistics on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It discusses issues of consent, the effects of intoxication on one's ability to consent, and the long-term impacts victims may experience. Resources for victims of interpersonal violence are listed.
The document discusses a presentation by the Jean Nidetch Women's Center and P.A.A.V.E. on sexual assault, domestic violence, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. It defines key terms, provides statistics on sexual assault prevalence, and discusses issues like consent, effects on victims, and the role of alcohol in sexual assaults. The presentation aims to raise awareness of these issues and provide information on local resources for victims of interpersonal violence.
Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Disorders In Correctional Facilitiessaragardner
The document discusses two main issues regarding the treatment of mentally ill inmates in prisons: 1) accurate diagnosis of inmates' mental health issues upon entering the prison system, and 2) providing ongoing treatment programs for inmates with long-term mental disorders. Regarding accurate diagnosis, the document notes screening tools may be invalid and prison staff lack time and training. For ongoing treatment, the document argues current conditions like solitary confinement exacerbate issues, and most inmates lack access to mental healthcare and trained staff while incarcerated. Overall, the document calls for reforms to improve diagnosis and treatment of mental illness among prison populations.
The document discusses the path of mentally ill offenders through the criminal justice system from arrest to release. It notes that many police officers receive little training in dealing with mentally ill individuals and that arrests can sometimes escalate situations. For those booked into jails and prisons, mental health treatment is often lacking. Over time, deinstitutionalization led to fewer psychiatric hospital beds, resulting in many mentally ill individuals becoming incarcerated instead of treated. The document recommends improving mental health treatment for inmates and increasing diversion programs to help address this issue.
The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Misinformation Acceptance and Confidenc...Heather Flowe
We experimentally examined the effects of alcohol consumption and exposure to misleading postevent information on memory for a hypothetical interactive rape scenario, examining whether memory encoding and retrieval processes differed in relation to intoxication. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (mean BAC = .06%) or tonic water before engaging in the scenario. Alcohol expectancy was controlled, and participant beliefs about the beverage they thought they had consumed and feelings of intoxication were measured. A week later, immediately before recalling the scenario, participants were exposed to a postevent narrative, ostensibly written by another research participant who had been interviewed about the scenario. After the recall task, participants completed a recognition test, reporting confidence in the likely accuracy of their answers. Participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic reported fewer correct details; but, they were no more likely to report incorrect or misleading information. Further, participants who had consumed alcohol were less likely to volunteer answers to recognition questions about misled items. The confidence-accuracy relationship for control and misled items was similar across groups, and there was some evidence that metacognitive discrimination was better for participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic. We discuss the implications for alcohol’s effect on memory encoding and retrieval strategies in the context of rape.
This document discusses types of observational research studies and sources of error. It describes case-control and cohort studies, as well as cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Electronic health records are increasingly common but often lack discrete data elements, making it difficult to extract useful outcomes data. While observational studies are faster and less expensive than randomized trials, they are subject to biases like selection, measurement, and confounding. Careful design can limit biases, but multiple studies are typically needed to prove causation. Observational research generates hypotheses that require further prospective research to determine causality.
The document discusses the link between childhood abuse and asthma. It summarizes several studies that found children who experienced physical or sexual abuse were twice as likely to have asthma or be taking asthma medications. This link may be due to epigenetic changes caused by stress. Screening children with asthma for abuse and increasing awareness of abuse among asthma patients is important. Adverse childhood experiences like abuse are also associated with higher rates of smoking and other health risks later in life. Trauma-informed care that addresses early childhood trauma can help improve long-term health outcomes.
National epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.seminar coorectDr. Amit Chougule
The document summarizes key findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). NESARC was a large national survey conducted in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005 to assess alcohol use, abuse and dependence. It found that 12-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence was 8.5% and 30.3%, respectively. Rates of abuse increased over time while dependence declined slightly. Risk was higher in men, whites, younger adults, and those with lower income or education levels. The survey also identified subgroups of alcoholics and found family history and comorbid disorders increased risk of dependence.
This document discusses ethical issues surrounding disclosure of diagnoses, specifically Alzheimer's disease, to patients and their families. It provides guidance on assessing a patient's understanding and desire to know their diagnosis before disclosure. When disclosing Alzheimer's, it is important to arrange a joint meeting with family, allow time for questions, discuss disease progression and care plans, and involve caregivers going forward. The case study describes one family's experience where the husband decided to disclose the wife's Alzheimer's diagnosis to her in the doctor's office, but she initially reacted with disbelief and later developed aggressive behaviors towards her husband caregiver.
This document discusses evidence-based practice and some challenges in applying research findings to real-world situations. It defines evidence-based practice as the conscientious use of current best evidence in decision making. While randomized controlled trials provide the strongest evidence, there can be gaps between what works in tightly controlled research and complex real-world practice. Practitioners must balance research evidence with their own expertise and reflect critically on how to best apply sometimes competing or uncertain evidence for individual cases.
Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research: Alcohol-related violence: What works and what do we need to do?A/Prof Peter Miller
University Consortium:
1School of Psychology, Deakin University
2National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
3NDRI, Curtin University
4Commissioning Editor, Addiction
5Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
Funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund:An Initiative of the National Drug Strategy
Presented at the Australian Winter School
Research studies outcome of four studies regarding alcohol related violence.
OU Med School "Screen to Save" PresentationSherry Clark
This document discusses healthcare and screening for domestic violence. It notes that domestic violence affects millions of women each year and often presents physically, with symptoms like headaches, abdominal pain, and depression. Screening questions are suggested to help identify abuse. The role of healthcare providers is to routinely screen female patients, report abuse if requested, refer patients to support services, and document findings. Mandatory reporting is required for suspected child or elder abuse. The goal is to recognize abuse early and help victims access support.
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Accuracy and the Confidence–Accuracy R...Heather Flowe
Rape complainants are often alcohol intoxicated during the attack, raising questions about the accuracy of their testimony and their ability to gauge the likely accuracy of the testimony that they provide. This study examines the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on lineup identification accuracy and the confidence-accuracy relationship. We randomly assigned women (n=153) to consume alcohol (dosed to achieve a 0.08% BAC) or tonic water, controlling for alcohol expectancy. Women then participated in an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario and, twenty-four hours or seven days later, attempted to identify the assailant from a perpetrator present or a perpetrator absent simultaneous lineup and reported their decision confidence. Overall, levels of identification accuracy were similar across the alcohol and tonic water groups. However, women who had consumed tonic water as opposed to alcohol identified the assailant with higher confidence on average. Further, calibration analyses suggested confidence is predictive of accuracy regardless of alcohol consumption. The theoretical and applied implications of our results are discussed.
This document provides an overview of addiction, including its definition, models for understanding it, and comparisons to other health conditions. In 3 sentences:
Addiction is defined as a chronic disease characterized by impaired control over substance use and continued use despite consequences. It involves genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors and can be understood as a "hijacking" of the brain's reward system. Effective treatment requires viewing addiction similarly to other chronic health conditions like diabetes and hypertension that also often involve relapse and ongoing management.
Linkages between Child Abuse and Asthma - Presentation to WVAC - May 14, 2013Jim McKay
This document discusses the link between childhood trauma, including abuse and neglect, and the development of asthma. It summarizes several studies that found the risk of asthma is doubled in children who experienced physical or sexual abuse. The studies also linked experiences of violence and stress in childhood to epigenetic changes and higher rates of adult-onset asthma. The document emphasizes the importance of screening children with asthma for abuse and considering abuse in children with asthma. It provides information on warning signs of abuse and outlines mandated reporting responsibilities in West Virginia.
Web only rx16 len wed_1230_1_daugherty_2baier-haasOPUNITE
This document summarizes a presentation on investigating and prosecuting drug-related homicides. It discusses signs that can indicate an overdose death, such as the presence of drugs, track marks, and foam coming from the mouth. It emphasizes treating the death scene like a homicide scene by thoroughly photographing and collecting all potential evidence. This includes searching for drug packaging, needles, phones and surveillance footage. The document also outlines interviewing witnesses to build a timeline and identify the victim's source of drugs. It suggests attempting a controlled buy from suspects to obtain contemporaneous drug samples and strengthen cases.
Stuart Lane takes saying sorry seriously. Seriously seriously. To the extend he's nearly finished his PhD on it. Listen to this fantastic talk, watch the slides and add comments your comments on www.intensivecarenetwork.com.
Alcohol mediates the relationship between alcohol and reporting rape to the p...Heather Flowe
This study experimentally examined within a hypothetical rape scenario the role of victim alcohol intoxication and self-blame in perceiving and reporting to the police non-consensual sexual intercourse as rape. Participants (N = 79) consumed alcohol (mean BAC = .075%) or tonic water, and alcohol expectancy was manipulated. Thereafter, they participated in an interactive hypothetical dating scenario that allowed them to control the level of intimacy occurring. Once they stopped consenting, an act of rape was depicted. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that forced non-consensual intercourse was perceived as rape. However, women who believed they had consumed alcohol as opposed to tonic were less likely to indicate they would report the rape to the police. The association between rape reporting and alcohol expectancy was fully mediated by participant self-blame. The implications of the results are discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation on urine drug testing and monitoring prescription drug use. It discusses how prescription drug monitoring programs identify, investigate, and address fraud, waste and abuse related to prescription drug use and urine drug testing. It outlines trends seen in urine drug testing results that indicate issues with adherence, illicit drug use, and inconsistencies between prescribed medications and test results. Best practices are discussed for utilizing utilization review, case management, and other tools to help ensure appropriate use of medications and compliance with treatment regimens. The impacts of compounds, opioids, and long term opioid use are also addressed.
Interpersonal trauma and aging-related genitourinary dysfunction in a nationa...Ching-wen Lu
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between interpersonal trauma exposures and genitourinary symptoms in older women. The study found that nearly 1 in 4 older women reported experiencing emotional abuse in the past year, which was associated with increased risks of urinary incontinence and other urinary problems. Any lifetime experience of sexual assault was also associated with increased risks of vaginal pain and lubrication difficulty among sexually active older women. However, tissue-specific markers of genitourinary aging did not appear to mediate these relationships between trauma and symptoms. The findings suggest interpersonal trauma exposures can independently impact genitourinary health in older women.
January 2010 Selected Zoonotic Diseases Conference Call goa4
This document summarizes investigations into two cases of human rabies in the United States in 2009. The first case was in Virginia and involved a man who was exposed to rabies while traveling in India and later developed symptoms. Public health agencies conducted contact tracing of over 150 individuals. The second case involved a joint investigation by CDC, Indiana, and Kentucky into a man who died of rabies in Kentucky after possible bat exposure in Indiana. Both cases highlight the challenges of diagnosing and investigating human rabies cases.
This document discusses barriers to HIV testing like fear, cost, and stigma. It presents research showing that HIV self-testing could increase testing rates by improving access and reducing stigma compared to traditional testing. Studies found that tests were most acceptable if done at home, provided immediate results, and were free. Oral rapid HIV self-tests that are private may help address stigma by allowing discreet testing. While not perfect, self-testing has the potential to boost rates by overcoming barriers like lack of access and moral judgment associated with clinical testing.
This document discusses barriers to HIV testing like fear, cost, and stigma. It presents research showing that HIV self-testing could increase testing rates by improving access and reducing stigma compared to traditional testing. Studies found that tests were most acceptable if done at home, provided immediate results, and were free. Oral rapid HIV self-tests take 20-40 minutes, are private, but have limitations like potential for false negatives. Overall, self-testing may help address barriers and increase rates by making testing more convenient, private and reducing stigma.
The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Misinformation Acceptance and Confidenc...Heather Flowe
We experimentally examined the effects of alcohol consumption and exposure to misleading postevent information on memory for a hypothetical interactive rape scenario, examining whether memory encoding and retrieval processes differed in relation to intoxication. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (mean BAC = .06%) or tonic water before engaging in the scenario. Alcohol expectancy was controlled, and participant beliefs about the beverage they thought they had consumed and feelings of intoxication were measured. A week later, immediately before recalling the scenario, participants were exposed to a postevent narrative, ostensibly written by another research participant who had been interviewed about the scenario. After the recall task, participants completed a recognition test, reporting confidence in the likely accuracy of their answers. Participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic reported fewer correct details; but, they were no more likely to report incorrect or misleading information. Further, participants who had consumed alcohol were less likely to volunteer answers to recognition questions about misled items. The confidence-accuracy relationship for control and misled items was similar across groups, and there was some evidence that metacognitive discrimination was better for participants who believed they had consumed alcohol compared to those who believed they had consumed tonic. We discuss the implications for alcohol’s effect on memory encoding and retrieval strategies in the context of rape.
This document discusses types of observational research studies and sources of error. It describes case-control and cohort studies, as well as cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Electronic health records are increasingly common but often lack discrete data elements, making it difficult to extract useful outcomes data. While observational studies are faster and less expensive than randomized trials, they are subject to biases like selection, measurement, and confounding. Careful design can limit biases, but multiple studies are typically needed to prove causation. Observational research generates hypotheses that require further prospective research to determine causality.
The document discusses the link between childhood abuse and asthma. It summarizes several studies that found children who experienced physical or sexual abuse were twice as likely to have asthma or be taking asthma medications. This link may be due to epigenetic changes caused by stress. Screening children with asthma for abuse and increasing awareness of abuse among asthma patients is important. Adverse childhood experiences like abuse are also associated with higher rates of smoking and other health risks later in life. Trauma-informed care that addresses early childhood trauma can help improve long-term health outcomes.
National epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.seminar coorectDr. Amit Chougule
The document summarizes key findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). NESARC was a large national survey conducted in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005 to assess alcohol use, abuse and dependence. It found that 12-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence was 8.5% and 30.3%, respectively. Rates of abuse increased over time while dependence declined slightly. Risk was higher in men, whites, younger adults, and those with lower income or education levels. The survey also identified subgroups of alcoholics and found family history and comorbid disorders increased risk of dependence.
This document discusses ethical issues surrounding disclosure of diagnoses, specifically Alzheimer's disease, to patients and their families. It provides guidance on assessing a patient's understanding and desire to know their diagnosis before disclosure. When disclosing Alzheimer's, it is important to arrange a joint meeting with family, allow time for questions, discuss disease progression and care plans, and involve caregivers going forward. The case study describes one family's experience where the husband decided to disclose the wife's Alzheimer's diagnosis to her in the doctor's office, but she initially reacted with disbelief and later developed aggressive behaviors towards her husband caregiver.
This document discusses evidence-based practice and some challenges in applying research findings to real-world situations. It defines evidence-based practice as the conscientious use of current best evidence in decision making. While randomized controlled trials provide the strongest evidence, there can be gaps between what works in tightly controlled research and complex real-world practice. Practitioners must balance research evidence with their own expertise and reflect critically on how to best apply sometimes competing or uncertain evidence for individual cases.
Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research: Alcohol-related violence: What works and what do we need to do?A/Prof Peter Miller
University Consortium:
1School of Psychology, Deakin University
2National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
3NDRI, Curtin University
4Commissioning Editor, Addiction
5Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
Funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund:An Initiative of the National Drug Strategy
Presented at the Australian Winter School
Research studies outcome of four studies regarding alcohol related violence.
OU Med School "Screen to Save" PresentationSherry Clark
This document discusses healthcare and screening for domestic violence. It notes that domestic violence affects millions of women each year and often presents physically, with symptoms like headaches, abdominal pain, and depression. Screening questions are suggested to help identify abuse. The role of healthcare providers is to routinely screen female patients, report abuse if requested, refer patients to support services, and document findings. Mandatory reporting is required for suspected child or elder abuse. The goal is to recognize abuse early and help victims access support.
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Accuracy and the Confidence–Accuracy R...Heather Flowe
Rape complainants are often alcohol intoxicated during the attack, raising questions about the accuracy of their testimony and their ability to gauge the likely accuracy of the testimony that they provide. This study examines the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on lineup identification accuracy and the confidence-accuracy relationship. We randomly assigned women (n=153) to consume alcohol (dosed to achieve a 0.08% BAC) or tonic water, controlling for alcohol expectancy. Women then participated in an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario and, twenty-four hours or seven days later, attempted to identify the assailant from a perpetrator present or a perpetrator absent simultaneous lineup and reported their decision confidence. Overall, levels of identification accuracy were similar across the alcohol and tonic water groups. However, women who had consumed tonic water as opposed to alcohol identified the assailant with higher confidence on average. Further, calibration analyses suggested confidence is predictive of accuracy regardless of alcohol consumption. The theoretical and applied implications of our results are discussed.
This document provides an overview of addiction, including its definition, models for understanding it, and comparisons to other health conditions. In 3 sentences:
Addiction is defined as a chronic disease characterized by impaired control over substance use and continued use despite consequences. It involves genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors and can be understood as a "hijacking" of the brain's reward system. Effective treatment requires viewing addiction similarly to other chronic health conditions like diabetes and hypertension that also often involve relapse and ongoing management.
Linkages between Child Abuse and Asthma - Presentation to WVAC - May 14, 2013Jim McKay
This document discusses the link between childhood trauma, including abuse and neglect, and the development of asthma. It summarizes several studies that found the risk of asthma is doubled in children who experienced physical or sexual abuse. The studies also linked experiences of violence and stress in childhood to epigenetic changes and higher rates of adult-onset asthma. The document emphasizes the importance of screening children with asthma for abuse and considering abuse in children with asthma. It provides information on warning signs of abuse and outlines mandated reporting responsibilities in West Virginia.
Web only rx16 len wed_1230_1_daugherty_2baier-haasOPUNITE
This document summarizes a presentation on investigating and prosecuting drug-related homicides. It discusses signs that can indicate an overdose death, such as the presence of drugs, track marks, and foam coming from the mouth. It emphasizes treating the death scene like a homicide scene by thoroughly photographing and collecting all potential evidence. This includes searching for drug packaging, needles, phones and surveillance footage. The document also outlines interviewing witnesses to build a timeline and identify the victim's source of drugs. It suggests attempting a controlled buy from suspects to obtain contemporaneous drug samples and strengthen cases.
Stuart Lane takes saying sorry seriously. Seriously seriously. To the extend he's nearly finished his PhD on it. Listen to this fantastic talk, watch the slides and add comments your comments on www.intensivecarenetwork.com.
Alcohol mediates the relationship between alcohol and reporting rape to the p...Heather Flowe
This study experimentally examined within a hypothetical rape scenario the role of victim alcohol intoxication and self-blame in perceiving and reporting to the police non-consensual sexual intercourse as rape. Participants (N = 79) consumed alcohol (mean BAC = .075%) or tonic water, and alcohol expectancy was manipulated. Thereafter, they participated in an interactive hypothetical dating scenario that allowed them to control the level of intimacy occurring. Once they stopped consenting, an act of rape was depicted. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that forced non-consensual intercourse was perceived as rape. However, women who believed they had consumed alcohol as opposed to tonic were less likely to indicate they would report the rape to the police. The association between rape reporting and alcohol expectancy was fully mediated by participant self-blame. The implications of the results are discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation on urine drug testing and monitoring prescription drug use. It discusses how prescription drug monitoring programs identify, investigate, and address fraud, waste and abuse related to prescription drug use and urine drug testing. It outlines trends seen in urine drug testing results that indicate issues with adherence, illicit drug use, and inconsistencies between prescribed medications and test results. Best practices are discussed for utilizing utilization review, case management, and other tools to help ensure appropriate use of medications and compliance with treatment regimens. The impacts of compounds, opioids, and long term opioid use are also addressed.
Interpersonal trauma and aging-related genitourinary dysfunction in a nationa...Ching-wen Lu
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between interpersonal trauma exposures and genitourinary symptoms in older women. The study found that nearly 1 in 4 older women reported experiencing emotional abuse in the past year, which was associated with increased risks of urinary incontinence and other urinary problems. Any lifetime experience of sexual assault was also associated with increased risks of vaginal pain and lubrication difficulty among sexually active older women. However, tissue-specific markers of genitourinary aging did not appear to mediate these relationships between trauma and symptoms. The findings suggest interpersonal trauma exposures can independently impact genitourinary health in older women.
January 2010 Selected Zoonotic Diseases Conference Call goa4
This document summarizes investigations into two cases of human rabies in the United States in 2009. The first case was in Virginia and involved a man who was exposed to rabies while traveling in India and later developed symptoms. Public health agencies conducted contact tracing of over 150 individuals. The second case involved a joint investigation by CDC, Indiana, and Kentucky into a man who died of rabies in Kentucky after possible bat exposure in Indiana. Both cases highlight the challenges of diagnosing and investigating human rabies cases.
This document discusses barriers to HIV testing like fear, cost, and stigma. It presents research showing that HIV self-testing could increase testing rates by improving access and reducing stigma compared to traditional testing. Studies found that tests were most acceptable if done at home, provided immediate results, and were free. Oral rapid HIV self-tests that are private may help address stigma by allowing discreet testing. While not perfect, self-testing has the potential to boost rates by overcoming barriers like lack of access and moral judgment associated with clinical testing.
This document discusses barriers to HIV testing like fear, cost, and stigma. It presents research showing that HIV self-testing could increase testing rates by improving access and reducing stigma compared to traditional testing. Studies found that tests were most acceptable if done at home, provided immediate results, and were free. Oral rapid HIV self-tests take 20-40 minutes, are private, but have limitations like potential for false negatives. Overall, self-testing may help address barriers and increase rates by making testing more convenient, private and reducing stigma.
Refugee Return, Geopolitics, and War ImaginariesHeather Flowe
Presentation by Dr. Tamirace Fakhoury, Lebanese American University
Presented at the Refugee Hosts Conference, University College London
25 October 2019
Interactive lineups can improve eyewitness performanceHeather Flowe
Interactive lineups can improve eyewitness identification accuracy compared to static photo lineups. Specifically:
1) Interactive lineups improve the ability to discriminate between innocent and guilty suspects, increasing correct identifications by 18% for any given false identification rate.
2) Simultaneous interactive lineups, where witnesses view and consider lineup members simultaneously, provide further accuracy gains over sequential lineups, increasing correct identifications by up to 23%.
3) While interactive lineups do not reduce the "own-race bias" where people are better at identifying members of their own race, they can boost accuracy for both own-race and other-race identifications.
A novel interactive face matching procedure: Performance of normal and super ...Heather Flowe
This study examined face matching performance using different image presentation methods. In Experiment 1 with normal face recognizers (N=306), accuracy was highest for interactive images where participants could rotate faces, followed by moving images. Confidence was higher for matches than mismatches. In Experiment 2 with superior face recognizers (N=57), accuracy was highest for interactive and moving images, and confidence matched accuracy. The results suggest interactive face viewing allows normal recognizers to perform like superior recognizers on static images.
Encoding Violence Under the Influence: The Impact of Alcohol and Drug Use on ...Heather Flowe
This study examined substance use and memory in incarcerated offenders’ accounts of past events. One- hundred-fifty male violent offenders reported memories for perpetrated violence, a positive event, and a subjectively disturbing event. Interviews were transcribed and trained coders counted the number of details in each memory report. Participants also rated their own memories for vividness, detail, and overall quality. Most participants were under the influence during their recalled acts of perpetrated violence. Surprisingly, participants under the influence reported more details than those who had not used any substances. These findings have important implications for how offender testimony is considered.
Show Me One or Six? A Field Study Examining How Lineup Format Affects Real-Wo...Heather Flowe
1) This field study examined how intoxicated witnesses' identification performance is affected by identification format (lineup vs. showup).
2) In target-present conditions, alcohol consumption and identification format had no effect on witnesses' ability to identify the perpetrator.
3) In target-absent conditions, identification format affected choosing behavior, with showups increasing the likelihood of choosing, but this did not significantly enhance false identifications.
Criminal identification viewed from a different angle: Can a novel interactiv...Heather Flowe
Perpetrator pose reinstatement—viewing a criminal perpetrator's face in the same pose in which the witness saw him—should enhance face identification performance (e.g., Bruce, 1982). Witnesses likely encode culprits from different angles (left profile, front, right profile), but little research has examined whether pose reinstatement and viewing faces from multiple angles during a lineup improves identification accuracy. Two lineup procedures currently used in practice include photo lineups that show each face in frontal pose, and video lineups that show each face rotating left and right, revealing the whole face. We created a novel interactive lineup procedure, wherein witnesses were able to rotate the lineup faces into any pose, and addressed the following questions in our experiments:
1. Does encoding view influence discrimination accuracy?
2. Do multiple views at test enhance discrimination accuracy?
3. Do subjects reinstate pose and is pose reinstatement associated with accuracy?
Our results indicate that learning conditions are important. Participants who viewed the perpetrator from the front at encoding had better discrimination accuracy than subjects who viewed the perpetrator from the profile. Multiple views at test—in video and interactive lineups—can enhance discrimination accuracy. When interacting with the lineup faces, we found that participants spontaneously reinstated the pose in which they had viewed the perpetrator. Pose reinstatement was associated with accuracy. We are continuing this line of work to examine whether interactive lineups can improve accuracy in other circumstances, such as in cross race identifications (i.e., people are worse at recognising faces of a different ethnic/racial background than their own).
Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication During EncodingHeather Flowe
The document summarizes a study that examined how alcohol intoxication during memory encoding affects witness metacognition, including willingness to volunteer information, confidence-accuracy calibration, and grain size regulation. The study found that participants who were mildly intoxicated were able to monitor and control their answers similarly to sober participants, with no effects of alcohol on quantity or accuracy of information volunteered, response confidence, or grain size.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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occur natural.
1. Heather D. Flowe1 and Anna Carline2
1University of Birmingham, UK
2University of Leicester, UK
Interviewing complainants who were alcohol
intoxicated during sexual assault:
New evidence for practice
2. CONTRIBUTORS
Julie Galagher, Dr Julie Gawrylowicz, Professor Graham Davies, DI
Reme Gibson, Dr Clare Gunby, DI Michelle Keen, Lawrence
English, Professor Vanessa Munro, Mary Prior QC, Dr Kevin Smith,
Dr Melanie Takarangi, Former Chief Superintendent Steph Pandit,
Nilda Karağolu, Dr Melissa Colloff, Danielle Hett, Harriet Smailes, Dr
Lisa Smith, Dr Joyce Humphries, Dr Hannah Ryder, Dr Debbie
Wright, HHJ Nicholas Dean, Rachel Tuffin, Kasha Zelek, Rape
Crisis, Leicester, Juniper Lodge, Millicent Grant, Professor Mandy
Burton, DC Simon Collington, DC Joanne Collins, Professor Sally
Kyd Cunningham, Sally French, Professor Rebecca Milne,
Professor Mark Reed, DC Gail Hurley, DC David Patten, Urvi
Rathod, Mike Nicholson, College of Policing, DC Phil Parkinson, DC
Carey Potter, DC, Deirdre Wokingham,
Katarzyna Zelek, Dr Jessica Woodhams
4. ALCOHOL AND SEXUAL ASSAULT
• 4 out of 5 cases involve alcohol
(Stern, 2010)
• Perpetrators seem to target people
who are alcohol-intoxicated (Lisak &
Miller, 2002)
• Alcohol can affect a survivor’s
perception of rape, reducing the
odds rape is reported to the
authorities (Wolitzky-Taylor et al.,
2011)
• By and large, the victim will have
ingested alcohol only, not other
drugs, and she will have done so
voluntarily (ONS, 2015)
5. PROBATIVE ASPECTS OF ALCOHOL
The prosecution’s case may be that the complainant had
lost the capacity to consent
6. PREJUDICIAL ASPECTS OF ALCOHOL
• Alcohol can diminish
complainant credibility
(e.g., Ellison and Munro,
2007) and reduce
likelihood of conviction
(Lynch, Wasarhaley,
Golding, & Simcic, 2013)
7. PREJUDICIAL ASPECTS OF
ALCOHOL
‘Advocates and SANEs [Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners]
get frustrated when we can’t move forward with an
investigation, but sometimes we can’t because the victim
doesn’t remember what happened or there are
inconsistencies [in her story].’
Quoted in Cole & Logan, 2010
8. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ALCOHOL
AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT?
‘Based on personal experience, alcohol is bad for memory.’
9. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ALCOHOL
AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT?
Basic research on memory and cognition finds that alcohol
impairs memory
11. ALCOHOL AND MEMORY
Alcohol (en bloc) blackout can occur
at high levels of intoxication (e.g.,
BAC = .14 to .27%)
• En bloc blackout
• A person will have no memory and not be
able to recall anything about events that
took place for a stretch of time
• Sensory and short-term memory are
preserved
• Fragmentary blackout
• A person is able to remember partial
information; memory formation is
incomplete
• more common than en bloc
12. BUT HOW DOES ALCOHOL
IMPAIR TESTIMONY?
In lab tests – the participant
has no control over their ‘test
output’ – memory is
exhaustively tested.
During police interviews,
people control and regulate
their testimony (Weber &
Brewer, 2008)
16. ALCOHOL MYOPIA THEORY
• Proposes that alcohol narrows the
perceptual field, thereby making people
more responsive to salient information
and less responsive to peripheral
information
Josephs & Steele, 1990
17. MEMORY COMPLETENESS
• Women who were
most intoxicated
provided less
information than their
counterparts 24 hours
and 4 months later
Flowe et al., 2016
18. MEMORY ACCURACY
• No differences in
accuracy depending on
alcohol intoxication
• Women most accurate
about the central (i.e.,
perpetrator) details
compared to peripheral
(e.g., bystanders)
details they reported,
regardless of
intoxication level
.000
.100
.200
.300
.400
.500
.600
.700
.800
.900
Placebo Medium HighAccuracy
Central
Peripheral
Flowe et al., 2016
20. MEMORY SUGGESTIBILITY
• Suggestibility refers to the
reporting of erroneous
information due to exposure to
misleading questions
(immediate suggestibility) or
incorrect information that is
later recalled (delayed
suggestibility)
• Few studies have examined
the impact of alcohol on
suggestibility and findings
have been mixed (e.g.,
Gawrylowicz et al., 2017)
24. SIX RECOMMENDATIONS
• Do not avoid interviewing because they were intoxicated
at the time of the rape
• Establish rapport with the complainant prior to the
interview
• Allow the complainant to control the level of detail in their
testimony
• Avoid focusing on the complainant’s memory for
peripheral information
• Probe the complainant’s memory for relevant events that
occurred before intoxication
25. DO NOT AVOID INTERVIEWING
• Initial account should be obtained
as soon as possible, even if they
are still intoxicated
• Body cam
• potentially persuasive evidence too
intoxicated to consent
• May support the credibility of a
complainant
• Balance against concerns that such
footage may perpetuate stereotypical
and judgemental perspectives
• Blood alcohol will be decreasing
26. ESTABLISH RAPPORT
• One of the most important investigative
tools
• Influence complainant engagement
• Complainant knows their account ‘will
be heard, accepted and not judged’
(Powell et al)
• Reassaure not at fault or responsible
• Encourage to speak truthfully about
their levels of intoxication
• Increased risk of developing PTSD
27. COMPLAINANT TO CONTROL THEIR
TESTIMONY
• Serves to increase the
overall accuracy
• Repeated questioning
may lead to
inconsistency and
undermine credibility
• ‘I don’t know’ - mistaken
assumption regarding
the ability to remember
everything
28. PROTECT FROM SUGGESTIBLE
INFLUENCES
• Memory can be affected
by suggestible influences
• Conflicting results
regarding the impact of
alcohol
• Mainly use open-ended
questions
29. AVOID FOCUSING ON PERIPHERAL
DETAILS
• Focus upon the
central facts
• Questions regarding
peripheral factors
likely accumulate
uncertain responses
• Recall of central
elements will not be
any less accurate
30. PROVE FOR RELEVANT EVENTS PRIOR
TO INTOXICATION
• May be value in
probing for
information
• May help identify
witnesses
• May help identify
other lines of
evidence
31. THOUGHTS AND REFLECTIONS
• Views on the
suggestions
• How do you see
these working in
practice?
• What can we do to
take these forward
and to support
implementation?
• Any other potential
developments – i.e.
jury directions?