This document discusses various types of alcohol, including fermented alcohols like beer, wine, and distilled alcohols like whiskey and vodka. It then covers blood alcohol content and how many drinks it takes for a man or woman of different weights to reach intoxication levels. The rest of the document outlines short and long term health effects of drinking, including cancer, diabetes, alcoholism, and risks of binge drinking, smoking or injecting alcohol.

1. Alcohol

2. Types of Alcohol
• Undistilled or Fermented
• Distilled

3. How is alcohol fermented?

5. Kinds of Fermented Alcohol
• Beer
• Chicha
• Cider(apple juice)
• Icarinne Liquor(Korea)-
• Palm Wine(sap of palm trees)
• Sake(rice)
• Tapache(Mexico)-pineapple+brown sugar with beer
• Tiswin(corn)
• Wine
• Plum Wine
• Basi (sugarcane)

6. Types of Beer
• Ale
• Fruit Beer(cherry, raspberry and peach)
• Lager
• Sahti
• Wheat Beer

7. Distilled
• Arrack
• Awamori
• Baiju
• Gin
• Mezcal
• Palinka
• Rum
• Vodka
• Whiskey (Bourbon Whiskey, Scotch Whiskey)
• Brandy
• Horilka
• Cognac
• Tequila
• Guaro

8. Blood Alcohol Content or BAC
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) refers to the milligrams of
alcohol per 100 milligrams of blood, usually expressed as a
percentage.
there are many factors that affect your Blood Alcohol
concentration (BAC) when you drink. Some of these include:
a person's size, gender and physical condition; what they
have had to eat; how much sleep they have had; what
medications they are taking and, importantly, the actual
alcohol content of their chosen "drink."
1kg=0.45359237lbs

9. Men
Approximate Blood Alcohol Percentage
Drinks Body Weight in Pounds
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Only Safe
Driving Limit
0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Only Safe Driving
Limit
1 .04 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Driving
Skills
Significantly
AffectedPossible
Criminal
Penalties
2 .08 .06 .05 .05 .04 .04 .03 .03
3 .11 .09 .08 .07 .06 .06 .05 .05
4 .15 .12 .11 .09 .08 .08 .07 .06
5 .19 .16 .13 .12 .11 .09 .09 .08
6 .23 .19 .16 .14 .13 .11 .10 .09 Legally
Intoxicated
Criminal
Penalties
7 .26 .22 .19 .16 .15 .13 .12 .11
8 .30 .25 .21 .19 .17 .15 .14 .13
9 .34 .28 .24 .21 .19 .17 .15 .14
10 .38 .31 .27 .23 .21 .19 .17 .16 Death Possible
Subtract .01% for each 40 minutes of drinking.
One drink is 1.25 oz. of 80 proof liquor, 12 oz. of beer,
or 5 oz. of table wine.

10. Women
Approximate Blood Alcohol Percentage
Drinks Body Weight in Pounds
90 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Only Safe
Driving Limit
0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Only Safe Driving
Limit
1 .05 .05 .04 .03 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 Driving Skills
Significantly
AffectedPossible
Criminal
Penalties
2 .10 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .05 .04 .04
3 .15 .14 .11 .10 .09 .08 .07 .06 .06
4 .20 .18 .15 .13 .11 .10 .09 .08 .08
5 .25 .23 .19 .16 .14 .13 .11 .10 .09
6 .30 .27 .23 .19 .17 .15 .14 .12 .11 Legally
Intoxicated
Criminal
Penalties
7 .35 .32 .27 .23 .20 .18 .16 .14 .13
8 .40 .36 .30 .26 .23 .20 .18 .17 .15
9 .45 .41 .34 .29 .26 .23 .20 .19 .17
10 .51 .45 .38 .32 .28 .25 .23 .21 .19 Death Possible
Subtract .01% for each 40 minutes of drinking.
One drink is 1.25 oz. of 80 proof liquor, 12 oz. of beer, or 5 oz. of table wine.

11. Once the drinker has gone beyond the "Point of Diminishing Returns," it is impossible to
return to the Buzz Zone. Remaining in the Buzz Zone maximizes the drinker's positive
experience and reduces harm. Tolerance (being able to "hold one's liquor") hampers
alcohol's positive effects by reducing the initial stimulant qualities (yellow line).

12. Alcohol Myopia or “cognitive nearsightedness”
-refers to alcohol's ability to substantially
decrease reasoning abilities, judgment, and the
ability to concentrate.

13. Binge Drinking
-drinking lots of alcohol in a short space of time
or drinking to get drunk or feel the effects of
alcohol.
Binge drinking for men, therefore, is drinking
more than 8 units of alcohol – or about three
pints of strong beer. For women, it’s drinking
more than 6 units of alcohol, equivalent to two
large glasses of wine.

14. How can you tell if you’re a binge
drinker?
Even if you don't drink alcohol every
day, you could be a binge drinker if you
regularly drink:
• to get drunk
• more than the daily unit guidelines in a
single session
• quickly.

15. Short term effects of alcohol
Depending on how much is taken and the physical condition of the
individual, alcohol can cause:
• Slurred speech
• Drowsiness
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Upset stomach
• Headaches
• Breathing difficulties
• Distorted vision and hearing
• Impaired judgment
• Decreased perception and coordination
• Unconsciousness
• Anemia (loss of red blood cells)
• Coma
• Blackouts (memory lapses, where the drinker cannot remember events that occurred while
under the influence)

16. Long term effects of alcohol
• Unintentional injuries (car crash, drowning…)
• High blood pressure, stroke, and other heart-related diseases
• Nerve damage
• Alcohol Poisoning
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Vitamin B1 deficiency, which can lead to a disorder characterized by
amnesia, apathy and disorientation
• Gastritis (inflammation of stomach walls)
• Malnutrition
• Sexual function and menstruation.
• Eye problems (Nystagmus)
• Birth defects.
• Bone loss

17. Alcohol Poisoning
Why is alcohol a poison?
• slow down your brain functions so you lose your sense of
balance.
• irritate the stomach which causes vomiting and it stops
your gag reflex from working properly – you can choke
on, or inhale, your own vomit into your lungs.
• affect the nerves that control your breathing and
heartbeat, it can stop both.
• dehydrate you, which can cause permanent brain damage.
• lower the body’s temperature, which can lead to
hypothermia.
• lower your blood sugar levels, so you could suffer seizures.

18. Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning
• Confusion
• Loss of coordination
• Vomiting
• Seizures
• Irregular or slow breathing (less than eight breaths a
minute)
• Blue-tinged or pale skin
• Low body temperature (hypothermia)
• Stupor – when someone’s conscious but unresponsive
• Unconsciousness – passing out

19. Never do these
• Leave someone to sleep it off.
• Give them a coffee.
• Make them sick.
• Walk them around.
• Put them under a cold shower.
• Let them drink any more alcohol.

20. Five things to do if someone is
showing signs of alcohol poisoning
1.Try to keep them awake and sitting up.
2.Give them some water, if they can drink it.
3.Lie them on their side in the recovery
position if they’ve passed out, and check
they’re breathing properly.
4.Keep them warm.
5.Stay with them and monitor their
symptoms.

21. Cancer
Alcohol can cause 7 types of cancer:
• Liver cancer
• Bowel cancer
• Breast cancer
• Mouth cancer
• Pharyngeal cancer(upperthroat)
• Oesophageal cancer(foodpipe)
• Laryngeal cancer(voicebox)

22. Diabetes
There are three main ways drinking alcohol to excess can be a
factor in causing diabetes:
1.Heavy drinking can reduce the body’s sensitivity to
insulin, which can trigger type 2 diabetes.
2.Diabetes is a common side effect of chronic pancreatitis, which
is overwhelmingly caused by heavy drinking.
3.Alcohol contains a huge amount of calories – one pint of lager
can be equivalent to a slice of pizza. So drinking can also
increase your chance of becoming overweight and your risk of
developing type 2 diabetes.

23. Alcoholism
Alcoholism- is a chronic and often progressive
disease that includes problems controlling your
drinking, being preoccupied with
alcohol, continuing to use alcohol even when it
causes problems, having to drink more to get
the same effect (physical dependence), or
having withdrawal symptoms when you rapidly
decrease or stop drinking.

24. Symptoms of Alcoholism
• Be unable to limit the amount of alcohol you drink
• Feel a strong need or compulsion to drink
• Develop tolerance to alcohol so that you need more to feel its effects
• Drink alone or hide your drinking
• Experience physical withdrawal symptoms — such as nausea, sweating and
shaking — when you don't drink
• Not remember conversations or commitments, sometimes referred to as a "black
out"
• Make a ritual of having drinks at certain times and become annoyed when this
ritual is disturbed or questioned
• Be irritable when your usual drinking time nears, especially if alcohol isn't available
• Keep alcohol in unlikely places at home, at work or in your car
• Gulp drinks, order doubles or become drunk intentionally to feel good, or drink to
feel "normal"
• Have legal problems or problems with relationships, employment or finances due
to drinking
• Lose interest in activities and hobbies that used to bring you pleasure

25. How to know if you already have
Alcoholism?
Ask yourself these questions:
• If you're a man, do you ever have five or more drinks
in a day?
• If you're a woman, do you ever have four or more
drinks in a day?
• Do you ever need a drink to get you started in the
morning?
• Do you feel guilty about your drinking?
• Do you think you need to cut back on how much you
drink?
• Are you annoyed when other people comment on or
criticize your drinking habits?

26. Risk Factors
• Steady drinking over time
• Age
• Family history
• Depression and other mental health problems
• Social and cultural factors
• Mixing medication and alcohol.

27. Treatment
• Detoxification and withdrawal
• Learning skills and establishing a treatment plan
• Psychological counseling
• Oral medications
• Injected medication
• Continuing support
• Treatment for psychological problems
• Medical treatment for other conditions
• Spiritual practice

28. Smoking Alcohol
Can cause:
• Eye injuries
• Burns
• Lung diseases

29. Injecting Alcohol
-literally injecting alcohol using a needle into the
blood stream

30. Enema Alcohol

31. Alcohol in Sports
• Greater risk of muscle cramps
• Greater risk for injuries and complications: Alcohol increases the
bleeding and swelling around soft tissue injuries
(sprains, bruises, and cuts - the most common sports injuries)
requiring a longer recovery period.
• Greater body heat loss: Alcohol is a vasodilator (it causes the blood
vessels near the surface of the skin to expand) and thereby
promotes heat loss and a lowered body temperature.
• Reduced endurance
• Dehydration
• Vitamin and Mineral Depletion
• Slower reactions
• Reduced aerobic performance
• Muscle injury