The document outlines the evolution of management theories from classical to modern approaches. It discusses early theories like scientific management by Taylor and administrative management by Fayol. Neo-classical theories included the human relations approach from the Hawthorne experiments. Modern theories incorporated systems thinking, contingency approaches, decision theory, and management science. A wide range of thinkers and their contributions to understanding organizations and management are reviewed over the development of the field.

1. EVOLUTION OF
MANAGEMENT
THOUGHTS

2. A OLD AS HUMAN CIVILIZATION.
MANAGEMENT AND HISTORY OF
HUMANS DEVELOPMENT IN
ORGANISED MANNER.
DEFINITION:

3. MANAGEMENT
THOUGHTS
CLASSICAL
THEORIES
NEO- CLASSICAL
THEORIES
MODERN
THEORIES
EARLY
CONTRIBUTIONS

4. CLASSICAL
THEORIES
SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
ADMINISTRATIVE
MANAGEMENT

5. NEO
CLASSICAL
THEORIES
HUMAN
RELATIONS
APPROACH
HUMAN
BEHAVIOUR
APPROACH
SOCIAL
SYSTEM
APPROACH
DECISION
THEORY
APPROACH
MANAGEMENT
SCIENCE
APPROACH

6. • SYSTEMS
APPROACH
• CONTINGENCY
APPROACH
MODERN
THEORIES

7. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
FREDRICK WILSON
TAYLOR
BEGINNING OF 20 CENTURY.
IMPROVING OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY.
 “concerned with knowing exactly what you
want men to do & then see that they do it
in the best and cheapest way.”
EMPHASISED IN SOLVING MANAGERIAL
PROBLEMS IN SCIENTIFIC WAY.

8. TAYLORS CONTRIBUTIONS
TOOL AND ELEMENTS PRINCIPLES
 SEPERATING PLANNING
AND EXECUTION
 FUNCTIONAL
FOREMANSHIP
 JOB ANALYSIS
 STANARDIZATION
 SELECTION
 TRAINING
 INCENTIVES
 ECONOMY
 MENTAL REVOLUTION.
 REPLACING THUMB
RULE
 HARMONY IN GROUPS
 COOPERATION
 MAXIMUM OUTPUT
 DEVELOPMENT OF
WORKERS.

9. ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
HENRY FAYOLS
BOOK:~administration industrielle at generale” in
french
TRANSLATED IN 1929
ALSO CALLED AS OPERATIONAL
MANAGEMENT.
 Divided approach to 3 parts:
 manager qualities and training
 general principles of mngt.
 elements of mngt.

10. Physical
Mental
Moral
Education
Technical
experience
Qualities
of mngt
Planning
Organizing
Commanding
Coordinating
controlling
Elements
of mngt

11. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
• Division of work
• Authority & responsibility
• Discipline
• Unity in command
• Unity in direction
• Fair remmuneration
• Centralization
• Order
• Equity
• Stability of tenure
• Initiative
• Scalar chain

12. HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH
HAWTHRONE
 Focus on mechanical barriers to increase
efficiency in organisation.
 30000 employees of General elecric
co.were involved in experiment.
 Inspite of material benefits there was
great dissatisfaction.
 Could not awoke positive results.

13. Hawthrone experiment
Phases of experiment Inplication of experiments
 To determine effect of
change in productivity.
 Determine effect of
change in hours.
 Conducting planned wise
interviews
 Determine and analyse
social org. at work.
 Social factors in output
 Group influences
 Conflicts
 Leadership
 Supervision
 Communication{not
shared equally}

14. HUMAN BEHAVIOURIAL APPROACH
MASLOW; HERZ BERG;
MC.GREGOR;MOUNT;SAYLES;TANNENBAUN
 Known as behavioural science & human
resources approach.
 Focus on human resources
 Divided to 2 groups
 Interpersonal behavioral approach
 Group behavioral approach

15. Social system approach
wilfred pareto&chester bernard
Features contributions
 Extension to human
relations approach.
 Social system
 External &internal
environment
 Coperation among
groups
 Effectiveness of
management
 Concept of org.
 Formal and informal org.
 Elements of org
 Authority
 Functions of executives
 Motivation
 Effectiveness
 Org. equilibrium

16. DECISION THEORY
HERBET SIMON
FEATURES CONTRIBUTIONS
 Focus on decision
making of manger
 Members o mngt are
decision makers and
problem solvers
 Org totally should be a
decision center
 Quality of decision
effects the org.
effectiveness.
 Concept of org.
 Bounded rationality
 Decision making
 Administrative man
 Org. communication

17. MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
APPROACH.
 Visualizes mngt as logical entity.
 Actions of org is expressed in terms of
mathematical symbols; measurement
data.
 Focus on mathematical model.
 Improves mngt discipline and oderly
thinking.

18. SYSTEMS APPROACH
Mr.church man west
 It is an integrity approach.
 Involves variations of mutually dependent
variables.
 Combination of parts { system as
universe& sub systems as stars}.
 Based on working system divided in 2
groups
 open system
 closed system

19. Closed system: doesn’t interact with environment,
less complex, mechanical in nature, works
continuously.
Open system SUB SYSTEMS
 Continuously interacts
with environment
 Imports energy
 Output
 Cycle of events
 Negative entropy
 feedback
 Differentiation
 Study state
 TECHNICAL SUB
SYSTEM
 SOCIAL SUB SYSTEM
 POWER SUB SYSTEM
 MANAGERIAL SUB
SYSTEM.

20. CONTINGENCY APPROACH
ALSO CALLED SITUATIONAL APPROACH
EXTENSION OF SYSTEM APPROACH
 Improves relationship
between org. and
environment
 Mngt act is contingent on
actions outside the
environment
 Org action based on
behaviourial actions
 Actions vary from
situation to situation

21. THANK YOU
AISHWARYA RATHOD JAIN