This document provides an overview of air cargo management and its key components. It discusses the definition of air cargo management, which refers to systematically planning and executing the processes involved in transporting goods by air. This includes activities like cargo handling, documentation, tracking, security, and customs compliance, with the goal of safely and efficiently delivering goods from one location to another. The document then outlines the main stages of air cargo management, including cargo booking and documentation, handling and warehousing, transportation and connectivity, tracking and visibility, customs compliance and security, and freight forwarding and consolidation.

1. Air Cargo Management
Unit No.
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2. Introduction of air cargo
• Air cargo management plays a crucial role in the global transportation industry, facilitating the
movement of goods across continents with speed and efficiency. With the advent of civil aviation,
air cargo management has evolved into a complex process involving various stakeholders,
infrastructure, and logistical operations. This article provides a comprehensive definition and
overview of air cargo management in civil aviation, highlighting its key components, challenges,
and advancements.

3. Definition Of Air Cargo
• Air cargo management refers to the systematic planning, coordination, and execution of
processes involved in transporting goods by air. It encompasses a range of activities, including
cargo handling, documentation, tracking, security, and customs compliance. The ultimate goal of
air cargo management is to ensure the safe, timely, and cost-effective delivery of goods from one
location to another, while meeting customer requirements and industry regulations.

6. Key components of air cargo
• Cargo Booking and Documentation: This stage involves the acceptance of cargo bookings, preparation of airway
bills, and completion of necessary documentation, including customs forms and regulatory permits.
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• b. Cargo Handling and Warehousing: It encompasses activities such as cargo acceptance, inspection, sorting,
palletization, and storage. Efficient cargo handling ensures optimal use of space and prevents damage to goods.
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• c. Transportation and Connectivity: Air cargo management includes the movement of cargo from origin to
destination, involving intermodal transportation, connectivity with ground transportation, and efficient utilization
of airfreight networks.
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• d. Tracking and Visibility: Real-time tracking systems and technologies enable stakeholders to monitor the
location, condition, and status of cargo throughout its journey, ensuring transparency and effective management.
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7. • Customs Compliance and Security: Air cargo management includes adherence to customs regulations, security protocols,
and screening procedures to prevent unauthorized access, smuggling, and potential threats to aviation security.
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• f. Freight Forwarding and Consolidation: Freight forwarders play a vital role in consolidating cargo from multiple shippers
into larger shipments, optimizing space utilization and reducing costs for individual consignments.
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8. What is air cargo called as?
• Air cargo, also known as air freight or air transportation, refers to the movement of goods and products via
aircraft from one location to another. It is a vital component of the global logistics and supply chain industry,
facilitating the efficient and timely delivery of goods across domestic and international borders.
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• With the ever-increasing demand for rapid transportation, air cargo has emerged as a crucial mode of
shipping. It offers numerous advantages, including speed, reliability, and accessibility to remote areas. The
transportation of goods by air is particularly advantageous for time-sensitive or high-value items, perishable
goods, and goods that require special handling or care.
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• One of the primary reasons for the popularity of air cargo is its unparalleled speed. Unlike other modes of
transportation, such as sea or road freight, air cargo significantly reduces transit time. With modern cargo
aircraft capable of covering vast distances in a matter of hours, air cargo is the preferred choice for industries
that rely on quick turnaround times, such as the pharmaceutical, automotive, and electronics sectors.

9. • Reliability is another key aspect of air cargo. Airlines and cargo carriers adhere to stringent schedules,
ensuring timely departure and arrival of goods. This reliability is further bolstered by advanced tracking and
monitoring systems that enable shippers and consignees to trace the whereabouts of their cargo in real-
time. Such transparency and accountability contribute to the overall efficiency of the supply chain.
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• Accessibility is a crucial advantage offered by air cargo. With a vast network of airports worldwide, air freight
provides access to even the most remote locations. This accessibility is particularly valuable in regions with
limited infrastructure, challenging terrains, or areas affected by natural disasters or political instability. Air
cargo allows for the rapid mobilization of relief supplies, humanitarian aid, and emergency equipment to
support affected communities

10. Types of air transport for carriage of cargo
Cargo Aircraft: These are dedicated aircraft specifically
designed for carrying cargo. They have larger cargo holds and
can accommodate a wide variety of goods. Cargo aircraft can
be further classified into different types based on their size and
capacity, such as freighters, wide-body cargo planes, and
smaller cargo planes.

11. Passenger Aircraft: Passenger planes also play a role in carrying
cargo. In addition to passengers, these planes utilize their
available cargo hold space to transport goods. However, the
cargo capacity on passenger planes is generally smaller
compared to dedicated cargo aircraft.

12. Integrated Express Carriers: These are companies that
specialize in providing door-to-door express delivery services
using their own aircraft fleet. Examples include companies like
FedEx, UPS, and DHL. These carriers operate a combination of
dedicated cargo planes and utilize space on passenger flights to
transport cargo.

13. Charter Flights: Chartering an aircraft is another option for
cargo transport. In this case, an individual or a company rents
an entire aircraft for a specific cargo shipment. Charter flights
can be arranged with cargo-specific aircraft or even passenger
planes modified for cargo transportation.

14. Air Freight Forwarders: Air freight forwarders act as
intermediaries between cargo shippers and airlines. They
consolidate shipments from multiple customers and arrange
for their transportation on commercial flights. Air freight
forwarders handle logistics, documentation, and often provide
additional services such as warehousing and customs
clearance.

15. Military Transport Aircraft: Military transport planes, such as
the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, are occasionally used for cargo
transportation, especially in military or humanitarian
operations. These aircraft have the capability to transport
heavy equipment, vehicles, and supplies to remote or
challenging locations.

16. What is Export Shed
• An export shed at an airport is a designated
area or facility where goods or cargo intended
for export are processed, inspected, and
prepared for shipment via air transportation. It
is a part of the airport's cargo handling
infrastructure and is typically located within or
adjacent to the cargo terminal.

17. Cargo Services At Export Shed
• Air cargo services play a crucial role in international trade by facilitating the movement of goods and
products across borders. Export sheds, also known as cargo terminals or warehouses, are important
components of air cargo operations. In this response, we will explore the functions and significance of
air cargo services at export sheds in detail.
1.Cargo Handling and Storage: One of the primary functions of an export shed is to handle and store
cargo. Export sheds are equipped with various facilities and equipment to efficiently handle different
types of cargo, including perishable goods, hazardous materials, and oversized shipments. The cargo
is received, inspected, sorted, and stored in the export shed until it is ready for loading onto the
aircraft.
2.Security and Customs Clearance: Export sheds play a vital role in ensuring the security and
compliance of air cargo shipments. They are responsible for implementing and enforcing strict security
measures to prevent unauthorized access and safeguard the cargo from theft, damage, or tampering.
Export sheds also collaborate closely with customs authorities to facilitate the clearance of cargo by
complying with all necessary regulations and documentation requirements.

18. 3. Documentation and Record-keeping: Air cargo services at export sheds involve extensive
documentation and record-keeping. Export sheds maintain detailed records of all cargo handled, including
information such as origin, destination, consignee details, weight, dimensions, and other relevant data.
These records are essential for tracking and tracing shipments, preparing customs documentation, and
providing proof of delivery when required.
4. Cargo Consolidation and Break-bulk: Export sheds often serve as consolidation centers, where smaller
shipments are combined into larger consolidated shipments. This process allows for more cost-effective
transportation by optimizing the use of cargo space and reducing the number of individual shipments.
Conversely, export sheds also handle break-bulk operations, where larger shipments are divided into
smaller units for further distribution.

19. 5. Cargo Inspection and Quality Control: To ensure the integrity and compliance of air cargo, export
sheds conduct thorough inspections and quality control checks. Cargo is inspected for proper
packaging, labeling, and documentation accuracy. Additionally, export sheds may perform inspections
for specialized cargo, such as perishable goods, dangerous goods, or live animals, to ensure
compliance with specific handling requirements and regulations.
6. Packaging and Labeling: Export sheds assist in packaging and labeling cargo to meet international
standards and regulatory requirements. They provide necessary packaging materials, such as pallets,
crates, or containers, and ensure that cargo is correctly labeled with appropriate markings, barcodes,
and handling instructions. Proper packaging and labeling help ensure the safety of the cargo during
transportation and enable efficient handling and identification.

20. 7. Freight Forwarding and Logistics: Export sheds often serve as hubs for freight forwarding and logistics
activities. They collaborate with freight forwarders, logistics companies, and other stakeholders to
coordinate the movement of cargo from the point of origin to the final destination. This includes managing
transportation arrangements, selecting suitable carriers, optimizing routing, and ensuring timely delivery of
cargo.
8. Cold Chain Management: Export sheds may have specialized facilities and infrastructure to handle
perishable goods, pharmaceuticals, or other temperature-sensitive cargo. These facilities include
refrigeration units, temperature-controlled storage areas, and specialized handling equipment. Export
sheds play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the cold chain by ensuring that temperature-
sensitive cargo is handled and stored within specified temperature ranges throughout the transportation
process.
9. Value-added Services: Export sheds often offer a range of value-added services to enhance the
efficiency and convenience of air cargo operations. These services may include customs brokerage, cargo
insurance, documentation assistance, repackaging, labeling, and cargo tracking services. Export sheds
strive to provide comprehensive solutions to meet the diverse needs of exporters, freight forwarders, and
other stakeholders involved in the air cargo supply chain.

21. What is Import Shed
An import warehouse or cargo shed is a designated area
or building within a port or logistics hub where imported
cargo is temporarily stored before it undergoes customs
clearance and is further distributed or transported to its
final destination. These facilities play a crucial role in the
logistics supply chain by providing a secure location for
goods to be stored while importers complete necessary
documentation, pay customs duties, and arrange
transportation.

22. Cargo Services at Import Shed
1.Importance of Sheds for Cargo Operations: Sheds specifically designed for cargo operations play a
vital role in the overall efficiency of an airport. These structures provide dedicated spaces for handling,
storing, and processing various types of cargo, including goods, packages, and perishable items.
Sheds facilitate streamlined operations by ensuring proper organization, categorization, and
segregation of different cargo types, thereby minimizing errors and delays.
2.Infrastructure and Design: An ideal cargo shed is designed to optimize space utilization and
accommodate different cargo handling equipment and processes. The layout should include storage
areas, loading docks, conveyor belts, sorting systems, and temperature-controlled zones for
perishable goods. The shed should also feature advanced security measures, such as surveillance
cameras, access control systems, and fire safety mechanisms.

23. 3. Efficient Cargo Flow: A well-designed shed enables a smooth and efficient flow of cargo. Upon arrival,
cargo is unloaded, inspected, and sorted based on destination and type. The shed should have
designated areas for customs and quarantine inspections, as well as areas for special handling
requirements such as hazardous materials. Efficient cargo flow is achieved through the use of automated
systems, barcode scanning, and real-time tracking technologies.
4. Enhanced Security Measures: Security is of utmost importance in cargo operations, considering the
potential risks associated with transportation. Cargo sheds incorporate robust security measures to
prevent theft, damage, and unauthorized access. This includes surveillance systems, security personnel,
tamper-evident seals, and secure storage areas. Advanced technologies like X-ray scanners and
explosive detection systems are employed to ensure the screening of cargo for prohibited items.

24. 5. Automation and Technology: To optimize efficiency, cargo sheds increasingly leverage
automation and technology. Automated conveyor systems, robotic palletizers, and cargo
tracking systems minimize manual labor and human error, enhancing productivity. RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification) tags and barcodes are used for efficient inventory management, real-
time tracking, and accurate tracing of cargo throughout its journey.
6. Customs and Regulatory Compliance: Cargo sheds provide dedicated spaces for customs
officials to inspect imported and exported goods, ensuring compliance with customs regulations
and trade policies. These areas facilitate the efficient clearance of cargo, reducing congestion
and delays at the airport. Sheds equipped with customs facilities enable streamlined processes
for documentation, duty collection, and cargo release, contributing to the smooth flow of
international trade.

25. 7. Specialized Cargo Handling: Airports often handle specialized cargo, such as pharmaceuticals, live
animals, and perishable goods. Sheds equipped with temperature-controlled zones, specialized
equipment, and trained personnel can cater to the unique requirements of these cargoes. Maintaining
proper temperature, humidity, and ventilation within the shed ensures the integrity and quality of such
sensitive cargo.
8. Collaboration and Connectivity: Cargo sheds serve as hubs for various stakeholders, including
airlines, freight forwarders, customs authorities, and logistics companies. Collaborative efforts
between these entities are crucial to ensure efficient cargo operations. Integrated digital platforms
and systems enable seamless communication and data exchange, facilitating effective coordination
among stakeholders.

26. What is Transit Shed?
A transit shed, also known as a transit warehouse or
cargo shed, is a designated facility or building used for
temporary storage of goods and cargo during the transit
process. It is typically located at transportation hubs such
as ports, airports, or railway terminals.
The primary purpose of a transit shed is to provide a
secure and controlled environment for goods while they
are in transit, awaiting further transportation or customs
clearance. It serves as a short-term storage facility where
cargo can be stored temporarily until it is ready to be
loaded onto another mode of transportation or released to
the consignee.

27. Cargo Services at Transit Shed
• Cargo services at transit sheds play a crucial role in facilitating the movement of goods through
airports. These transit sheds, also known as cargo terminals or warehouses, serve as a hub for various
activities related to cargo handling, storage, and processing. In this article, we will explore the
functionalities of cargo services at transit sheds at airports.
• Cargo services at transit sheds encompass a wide range of activities that ensure efficient and secure
handling of goods. Let's delve into some key functionalities:
1.Cargo Reception: Transit sheds serve as the primary point of contact for cargo arriving at an airport.
They receive shipments from various sources, including airlines, freight forwarders, and ground
transportation companies. The cargo is checked, verified, and logged into the system, ensuring
accurate tracking and accountability.
2.Storage and Inventory Management: Transit sheds provide storage facilities for different types of cargo,
ranging from small parcels to large containers. Efficient inventory management systems track the
location and status of each item, enabling easy retrieval and minimizing the risk of loss or damage.
Sheds are equipped with appropriate infrastructure such as racks, shelves, and temperature-controlled
areas to accommodate diverse cargo requirements.

28. 3. Cargo Sorting and Consolidation: Transit sheds are responsible for sorting incoming cargo based on
its destination, size, weight, and nature. This process involves grouping shipments bound for the same
location and consolidating them into larger units for easier transportation. Efficient sorting and
consolidation reduce handling time and optimize space utilization within the shed.
4. Documentation and Customs Clearance: Cargo services at transit sheds handle the necessary
documentation required for customs clearance and compliance with international trade regulations. This
includes preparing shipping manifests, customs declarations, and other relevant paperwork. They work
closely with customs authorities to ensure smooth processing and timely release of cargo.
5. Security and Screening: Transit sheds implement stringent security measures to safeguard cargo
against theft, tampering, or unauthorized access. Advanced screening technologies such as X-ray
scanners, explosive detection systems, and sniffer dogs are utilized to detect any prohibited or
hazardous items. Security personnel monitor the premises round-the-clock, minimizing the risk of
security breaches.

29. 6. Cargo Handling and Packaging: Transit sheds employ skilled personnel and equipment to
handle cargo efficiently and safely. This involves loading and unloading shipments from trucks,
airplanes, or other transportation modes. Fragile or high-value goods may require special
handling techniques and custom packaging solutions to ensure their integrity throughout the
journey.
7. Value-Added Services: Cargo services at transit sheds often offer additional services to
meet customer requirements. These may include labeling, repackaging, labeling, quality
checks, or assembly of goods. Some transit sheds provide facilities for perishable items, such
as cold storage, to maintain the freshness of food or pharmaceutical products.
8. Documentation and Reporting: Accurate and timely documentation is crucial in the cargo
industry. Transit sheds generate reports related to cargo movements, inventory levels, and
other performance indicators. These reports help stakeholders, including airlines, shippers,

30. Cargo Aircraft Handling Procedures

31. • Pre-flight Preparations:-
. Flight Planning
• Determining the route and schedule
• Weather considerations
• Communication with air traffic control
• Documentation and Compliance
• Cargo manifests and documentation
• Customs and security regulations
• Dangerous goods handling and documentation

32. • Cargo Loading and Unloading:-
• Proper weight distribution
• Load factors and restrictions
• Compatibility of different types of cargo
• Ground Handling Equipment:-
• Selection and utilization of equipment
• Loading and unloading techniques
• Securing cargo and preventing damage

33. • Special Cargo Handling:-
• Perishable goods
• Live animals
• Oversized cargo
• Aircraft Weight and Balance:-
• Determining the weight of cargo, fuel, and passengers
• Center of gravity calculations
• Load Distribution:-
• Positioning of cargo within the aircraft
• Calculating aircraft balance

34. • Loading Supervision:-
• Ensuring compliance with weight and balance limitations
• Monitoring load distribution during loading and unloading
• Safety Measures:-
• Training programs for ground personnel
• Emergency response protocols
• Security measures and risk assessment
• Hazardous Materials Handling:-
• Identification and labeling of hazardous materials
• Storage and handling procedures
• Compliance with international regulations

35. • Fire Safety:-
• Fire detection and suppression systems
• Firefighting equipment and procedures
• Evacuation plans and drills
• Collaboration and Communication:-
• Effective coordination between ground handlers, airlines, and other stakeholders
• Sharing of information and updates
• Technology and Automation:-
• Utilizing advanced systems for cargo tracking and monitoring
• Automation of cargo handling processes
• Regular training and development programs
• Safety audits and performance evaluations